Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1871
Sean S. Sidky
This essay offers a set of strategies for utilizing the words of survivors and of witnesses to genocide in the classroom. Including the voices of survivors and victims in our classroom conversations about genocide, its impact, representation, and the possibilities for its prevention is crucial to an ethical and wholistic pedagogy of genocide. Discussion of these events in the classroom often finds us confronting questions from students about truth, historical accuracy, authenticity, and authority. Addressing such questions requires careful framing that takes into account student assumptions and cultural discourses about memory and witnessing, as we work with students to develop a shared vocabulary that accounts both for the individual survivor or witness, as well as often invisible issues in the study of testimony such as technical presentation, editing, and genre. This paper argues for the importance of working with students to develop a critical classroom vocabulary for analyzing both written and audio-visual testimonies in the classroom. Drawing on a number of conversations and using examples from assignments developed by the participants in the 2021 Silberman Seminar, this essay explores and reflects on several classroom exercises and activities for using survivor testimony in the classroom, and for navigating the multiple kinds of truth that are implicated in testimony. Acknowledging and analyzing the construction of these testimonies allows students not only a deeper understanding of the survivor and their experiences, but also great insight into how testimony, as a genre, as text and media, and as a discourse, shapes our encounters with survivors and their memories.
{"title":"Critique Beyond Judgment: Exploring Testimony and Truth in the Classroom","authors":"Sean S. Sidky","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1871","url":null,"abstract":"This essay offers a set of strategies for utilizing the words of survivors and of witnesses to genocide in the classroom. Including the voices of survivors and victims in our classroom conversations about genocide, its impact, representation, and the possibilities for its prevention is crucial to an ethical and wholistic pedagogy of genocide. Discussion of these events in the classroom often finds us confronting questions from students about truth, historical accuracy, authenticity, and authority. Addressing such questions requires careful framing that takes into account student assumptions and cultural discourses about memory and witnessing, as we work with students to develop a shared vocabulary that accounts both for the individual survivor or witness, as well as often invisible issues in the study of testimony such as technical presentation, editing, and genre.\u0000This paper argues for the importance of working with students to develop a critical classroom vocabulary for analyzing both written and audio-visual testimonies in the classroom. Drawing on a number of conversations and using examples from assignments developed by the participants in the 2021 Silberman Seminar, this essay explores and reflects on several classroom exercises and activities for using survivor testimony in the classroom, and for navigating the multiple kinds of truth that are implicated in testimony. Acknowledging and analyzing the construction of these testimonies allows students not only a deeper understanding of the survivor and their experiences, but also great insight into how testimony, as a genre, as text and media, and as a discourse, shapes our encounters with survivors and their memories.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87370936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1898
M. Pensky
{"title":"Round Table (Part 4): The Marginal Man","authors":"M. Pensky","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1898","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88317597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1860
Aldo Zammit Borda
{"title":"Book Review: Postgenocide: Interdisciplinary Reflections on the Effects of Genocide","authors":"Aldo Zammit Borda","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80720657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1844
Marisa O. Ensor
This article examines the links between gender, mass violence, climate change, and displacement in South Sudan. I argue for risk-informed gender-sensitive strategies that incorporate local capacities and sources of resilience. When civil war engulfed South Sudan again in 2013, egregious human rights violations, including sexual and gender-based violence, were perpetrated with near complete impunity. As the national army was divided along Dinka-Nuer ethnic lines, soldiers from each faction turned against each other in a deadly pattern of revenge and counter-revenge attacks that soon spread across the national territory. Inter-communal conflicts also intensified, often centering on competition over land for pasture, cattle raiding, and the abduction of women and children. Additionally, environmental challenges, including both droughts and severe flooding, as well as locust swarms, have resulted in widespread crop loss and property damage. Famine was declared in 2017, with current conditions classified as widespread acute food insecurity and acute malnutrition. The intersection of these multiple crises has displaced nearly 4 million people. Despite these seemingly insurmountable challenges, South Sudanese women have made significant strides in their push for inclusion in national peace processes.
{"title":"Climate Disasters, Mass Violence, and Human Mobility in South Sudan: Through a Gender Lens","authors":"Marisa O. Ensor","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1844","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the links between gender, mass violence, climate change, and displacement in South Sudan. I argue for risk-informed gender-sensitive strategies that incorporate local capacities and sources of resilience. When civil war engulfed South Sudan again in 2013, egregious human rights violations, including sexual and gender-based violence, were perpetrated with near complete impunity. As the national army was divided along Dinka-Nuer ethnic lines, soldiers from each faction turned against each other in a deadly pattern of revenge and counter-revenge attacks that soon spread across the national territory. Inter-communal conflicts also intensified, often centering on competition over land for pasture, cattle raiding, and the abduction of women and children. Additionally, environmental challenges, including both droughts and severe flooding, as well as locust swarms, have resulted in widespread crop loss and property damage. Famine was declared in 2017, with current conditions classified as widespread acute food insecurity and acute malnutrition. The intersection of these multiple crises has displaced nearly 4 million people. Despite these seemingly insurmountable challenges, South Sudanese women have made significant strides in their push for inclusion in national peace processes.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82874599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1881
Regina Menachery Paulose
Traditional Knowledge is a system of knowledge that is passed down through generations of Indigenous and Ethnic Minority Peoples throughout the world. A subset of Traditional Knowledge is Traditional Ecological Knowledge. These knowledge systems are incorporated throughout various international instruments and are considered vital to ways of life for Indigenous and Ethnic Minority Peoples. The author examines the elimination of Traditional Knowledge as a result of green technology. With discussions surrounding ways to obtain “net zero” in response to climate change, the author (re)introduces the notion that the irresponsible push for carbon zero technologies has a horrendous impact on the homelands of Indigenous and Ethnic Minority Peoples and leads to the eradication of Traditional Knowledge systems and its subset, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, thereby resulting in genocide. The author suggests that the actus reus element in genocide should be expanded to include elimination of Traditional Knowledge.
{"title":"Death by a Thousand Cuts? Green Tech, Traditional Knowledge, and Genocide","authors":"Regina Menachery Paulose","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1881","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional Knowledge is a system of knowledge that is passed down through generations of Indigenous and Ethnic Minority Peoples throughout the world. A subset of Traditional Knowledge is Traditional Ecological Knowledge. These knowledge systems are incorporated throughout various international instruments and are considered vital to ways of life for Indigenous and Ethnic Minority Peoples. The author examines the elimination of Traditional Knowledge as a result of green technology. With discussions surrounding ways to obtain “net zero” in response to climate change, the author (re)introduces the notion that the irresponsible push for carbon zero technologies has a horrendous impact on the homelands of Indigenous and Ethnic Minority Peoples and leads to the eradication of Traditional Knowledge systems and its subset, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, thereby resulting in genocide. The author suggests that the actus reus element in genocide should be expanded to include elimination of Traditional Knowledge.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88295944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1901
Sabah Carrim
{"title":"Book Review: The Postcolonial African Genocide Novel: Quests for Meaningfulness","authors":"Sabah Carrim","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74849585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1896
Shelly Clay-Robison
{"title":"Book Review: Armed Conflict, Women and Climate Change","authors":"Shelly Clay-Robison","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1896","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76680028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1911
Emily Sample, Henry C. Theriault
{"title":"Guest Editorial: Environmental Degradation and Genocide","authors":"Emily Sample, Henry C. Theriault","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1911","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86644567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1897
Emily Sample
Nazi leadership sought to exploit the biological fear of starvation and scapegoat the Jewish population and other “useless eaters” for taking more than their fair share. The Nazis utilized and hyperbolized well-known prejudices against Jewish people, and entrenched narratives of Jewish parasitism as a threat to current and future German lives. In this analysis, food scarcity was one of several reasons for the Holocaust, and the first step to seeking Lebensraum for pure Germans to live to the highest international standard. This article will focus on different aspects of the complex antisemitic rhetoric surrounding issues of resource scarcity, including Hitler’s concept of Lebensraum, the ways in which the Nazi party discussed and understood food, food security, and the memory of World War I, as well as how that rhetoric influenced their policies, including Herbert Backe’s Hunger Plan. This analysis presents the so-called Final Solution as an answer to not only the Nazi’s Jewish problem, but a key aspect to their food security plans as well. Placing this analysis in the context of genocide prevention, the increasing insecurity and pressures climate change places on natural resources must be acknowledged as a trigger for future genocides.
{"title":"Dossier: The Hunger Plan: The Holocaust, Resource Scarcity, and Preventing Genocide in a Changing Climate","authors":"Emily Sample","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1897","url":null,"abstract":"Nazi leadership sought to exploit the biological fear of starvation and scapegoat the Jewish population and other “useless eaters” for taking more than their fair share. The Nazis utilized and hyperbolized well-known prejudices against Jewish people, and entrenched narratives of Jewish parasitism as a threat to current and future German lives. In this analysis, food scarcity was one of several reasons for the Holocaust, and the first step to seeking Lebensraum for pure Germans to live to the highest international standard. This article will focus on different aspects of the complex antisemitic rhetoric surrounding issues of resource scarcity, including Hitler’s concept of Lebensraum, the ways in which the Nazi party discussed and understood food, food security, and the memory of World War I, as well as how that rhetoric influenced their policies, including Herbert Backe’s Hunger Plan. This analysis presents the so-called Final Solution as an answer to not only the Nazi’s Jewish problem, but a key aspect to their food security plans as well. Placing this analysis in the context of genocide prevention, the increasing insecurity and pressures climate change places on natural resources must be acknowledged as a trigger for future genocides.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90899107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1886
M. Levene
The Holocaust and today's climate emergency are not obvious bed fellows. But the post-Holocaust mantra “never again” has also been voiced by some climate activists who see similarities in the failure of Western governments in the 1930s to act to stop Hitler and an equivalent failure now to effectively halt state and corporate drives to biospheric catastrophe. This article examines whether the way Western society has understood the Holocaust in recent decades has relevance to the urge for climate action. It finds the mainstream, state-centred Holocaust paradigm wanting as a framework for empathy and solidarity with those in the Global South who will continue to suffer most as the environmental crisis magnifies. But with the likelihood of an explosion of environmental refugees across the world in coming decades and the increasing exclusion of those deemed outside the universe of obligation, it posits that Holocaust resonances are especially relevant in the here and now. In particular, it urges that the state of siege and exception likely to become prevalent as societies increasingly turn nationally populist and violent in the face of climate breakdown, demands a transformation of the Holocaust paradigm into one of active, grass-roots voice, speaking truth to power.
{"title":"The Holocaust Paradigm as Paradoxical Imperative in the Century of Anthropogenic Omnicide","authors":"M. Levene","doi":"10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1886","url":null,"abstract":"The Holocaust and today's climate emergency are not obvious bed fellows. But the post-Holocaust mantra “never again” has also been voiced by some climate activists who see similarities in the failure of Western governments in the 1930s to act to stop Hitler and an equivalent failure now to effectively halt state and corporate drives to biospheric catastrophe. This article examines whether the way Western society has understood the Holocaust in recent decades has relevance to the urge for climate action. It finds the mainstream, state-centred Holocaust paradigm wanting as a framework for empathy and solidarity with those in the Global South who will continue to suffer most as the environmental crisis magnifies. But with the likelihood of an explosion of environmental refugees across the world in coming decades and the increasing exclusion of those deemed outside the universe of obligation, it posits that Holocaust resonances are especially relevant in the here and now. In particular, it urges that the state of siege and exception likely to become prevalent as societies increasingly turn nationally populist and violent in the face of climate breakdown, demands a transformation of the Holocaust paradigm into one of active, grass-roots voice, speaking truth to power.","PeriodicalId":31464,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies and Prevention An International Journal","volume":"91 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89433394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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