Nanotitania has been prepared by sol gel method using ethanolamine as surfactant. This research was conducted to determine the effect of ethanolamine on the phase formation, particle size and surface area of TiO2. In this study Ti-butoxide was used as a precursor and ethanol as a solvent, and then HCl. The amount of ethanolamine was varied to 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2 ml. The samples were calcined at a temperature of 500ºC for 4 hours. TiO2 was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) with BET method. The results of XRD characterization showed that in samples A-0.0 and A-0.5 an anatase phase was formed, whereas in the sample A-1,0 and A-1,5 an anatase, brookite, and rutile phases were formed with a weight percentage of 57,65 ± 1,6% wt; 27,06 ± 1,8% wt, and 15,29 ± 0,4% wt. Meanwhile, for sample A-1,5 it is 69,96 ± 1.6% wt, 24,52 ± 1,5% wt, and 5,52 ± 0,3% wt. Sample A-2.0 only produced anatase and brookite phases with weight percentages of 78,53 ± 1.5% wt and 21,47 ± 1.5% wt. The results of TEM characterization using ImageJ software show that the TiO2 particle size in sample A-1,0 was 15,8 ± 1,0 nm. The results of the analysis surface area of sample A-1, produced the largest specific surface area, that is 172 m2/g, the smallest specific surface area was produced in sample A-1,5 that is 72,07 m2/g.
{"title":"Pengaruh Ethanolamina Terhadap Pembentukan Fasa, Ukuran Partikel, dan Luas Permukaan Spesifik Nanotitania Menggunakan Metode Sol Gel","authors":"Renita Maharani Fauzi, Posman Manurung, Yanti Yulianti","doi":"10.23960/jtaf.v9i2.2716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/jtaf.v9i2.2716","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotitania has been prepared by sol gel method using ethanolamine as surfactant. This research was conducted to determine the effect of ethanolamine on the phase formation, particle size and surface area of TiO2. In this study Ti-butoxide was used as a precursor and ethanol as a solvent, and then HCl. The amount of ethanolamine was varied to 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2 ml. The samples were calcined at a temperature of 500ºC for 4 hours. TiO2 was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) with BET method. The results of XRD characterization showed that in samples A-0.0 and A-0.5 an anatase phase was formed, whereas in the sample A-1,0 and A-1,5 an anatase, brookite, and rutile phases were formed with a weight percentage of 57,65 ± 1,6% wt; 27,06 ± 1,8% wt, and 15,29 ± 0,4% wt. Meanwhile, for sample A-1,5 it is 69,96 ± 1.6% wt, 24,52 ± 1,5% wt, and 5,52 ± 0,3% wt. Sample A-2.0 only produced anatase and brookite phases with weight percentages of 78,53 ± 1.5% wt and 21,47 ± 1.5% wt. The results of TEM characterization using ImageJ software show that the TiO2 particle size in sample A-1,0 was 15,8 ± 1,0 nm. The results of the analysis surface area of sample A-1, produced the largest specific surface area, that is 172 m2/g, the smallest specific surface area was produced in sample A-1,5 that is 72,07 m2/g.","PeriodicalId":314761,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132756870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gede Arya Wiguna, Welsiliana Welsiliana, F. M. P. Makin, Ite Morina Yostianti Tnunay
The decline in Timorese local garlic yields will have an impact on farmers' income and the existence of the garlic. One of the decline factors is production. The purpose of this study is the implementation of an electric field as a stimulant for garlic growth. The electric field used is an AC electric field with an output frequency of 1.0 kHz. The variation of the electric field used is 1.28 kV/m, 1.55 kV/m. 1.80 kV/m, 2.12 kV/m and 2.48 kV/m. The results showed that exposure to an electric field in garlic resulted in a better germination rate, average germination time, and shoot and root growth rate compared to the control. The treatment of exposure to an electric field of 1.55 kV/m resulted the most optimum in the germination rate, average germination time and growth rate of shoots and roots with the respective values (11.4 ± 0.6) %/etmal, (1.4 ± 0, 1) day, (2.83 ± 0.09) mm/day, and (2.04 ± 0.09) mm/day. Increasing germination, shortening the average germination time and growth rate are expected to increase local Timor garlic production.
{"title":"Pengaruh Medan Listrik sebagai Stimulan Pertumbuhan Bawang Putih Lokal Timor","authors":"Gede Arya Wiguna, Welsiliana Welsiliana, F. M. P. Makin, Ite Morina Yostianti Tnunay","doi":"10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2815","url":null,"abstract":"The decline in Timorese local garlic yields will have an impact on farmers' income and the existence of the garlic. One of the decline factors is production. The purpose of this study is the implementation of an electric field as a stimulant for garlic growth. The electric field used is an AC electric field with an output frequency of 1.0 kHz. The variation of the electric field used is 1.28 kV/m, 1.55 kV/m. 1.80 kV/m, 2.12 kV/m and 2.48 kV/m. The results showed that exposure to an electric field in garlic resulted in a better germination rate, average germination time, and shoot and root growth rate compared to the control. The treatment of exposure to an electric field of 1.55 kV/m resulted the most optimum in the germination rate, average germination time and growth rate of shoots and roots with the respective values (11.4 ± 0.6) %/etmal, (1.4 ± 0, 1) day, (2.83 ± 0.09) mm/day, and (2.04 ± 0.09) mm/day. Increasing germination, shortening the average germination time and growth rate are expected to increase local Timor garlic production.","PeriodicalId":314761,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124828936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reports the synthesis of soluble polyaniline by the oxidation polymerization method with various dopants HCl, H2SO4, and Fumaric acid (FA). This dopant variation is carried out to obtain polyaniline with optimum solubility and electrical conductivity. The results of FTIR characterization showed several characteristic polyaniline bonds from the samples that had been synthesized. PANi/FA with a concentration of 1M has the best solubility compared to PANi/HCl and PANi/H 2 SO 4 , with a solubility value of 5.7% in NMP solvents. The electrical conductivity of all samples was measured by the two-point probe method. PANi / HCl with a concentration of 1M has the best conductivity than PANi/FA and PANi/H 2 SO 4 with a value of 48 x10 -4 S/cm. The morphology of the oxidized polyaniline powder was observed using SEM. SEM results showed the morphology of polyaniline in the form of an interconnected sponge.
{"title":"Sintesis Soluble Polianilin dengan Variasi Jenis dan Konsentrasi Dopan","authors":"Retno Wulandari, Nugrahani Primary Putri","doi":"10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2809","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports the synthesis of soluble polyaniline by the oxidation polymerization method with various dopants HCl, H2SO4, and Fumaric acid (FA). This dopant variation is carried out to obtain polyaniline with optimum solubility and electrical conductivity. The results of FTIR characterization showed several characteristic polyaniline bonds from the samples that had been synthesized. PANi/FA with a concentration of 1M has the best solubility compared to PANi/HCl and PANi/H 2 SO 4 , with a solubility value of 5.7% in NMP solvents. The electrical conductivity of all samples was measured by the two-point probe method. PANi / HCl with a concentration of 1M has the best conductivity than PANi/FA and PANi/H 2 SO 4 with a value of 48 x10 -4 S/cm. The morphology of the oxidized polyaniline powder was observed using SEM. SEM results showed the morphology of polyaniline in the form of an interconnected sponge.","PeriodicalId":314761,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133313304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dodik Setyawan, Nurfiana Nurfiana, Lia Rosmalia, M. Setiawati
The earthquake early warning system was built by implementing the IoT-based telemetry method to measure the earth's magnetic flux and vibrations at the latitude coordinates and longitude coordinates (-5.640274, 104.3050093), (-5.600941, 104.7788183) through the MAG3110 and ADXL345 sensors that were integrated in the raspberry pi3 as a server and applications on Android phones used for measurement data display. The result of the measurement data was that the average impact of the arising earth anomaly and vibration at the same coordinates took 400 seconds in the anomaly range of 395 μT to 404 μT. The conclusion of this study was that the study was able to be used as a basic to design the real-time earthquake warning system. Abstrak. Untuk membangun sistem peringantan dini gempa bumi kami menerapkan metode telemetri berbasis IoT untuk mengukur flux magnet bumi dan getaran pada pada koordinat lintang dan bujur bumi (-5.640274, 104.3050093) dan (-5.600941, 104.7788183) menggunakan sensor MAG3110 dan ADXL345 yang diintegrasikan dalam raspberry pi3 sebagai server dan aplikasi di handphone android digunakan untuk menampikan data pengukuran. Hasil pengukuran yang diperoleh rata-rata impact yang ditumbulkan dari timbulnya anomali dengan datangnya getaran pada koordinat yang sama membutuhkan waktu 400 detik dari rentang anomali sebesar 395 µT sampai dengan 404 µT. Hal ini menurut peneliti dapat dijadikan dasar untuk membangun sistem peringatan gempa bumi secara real time.
通过集成在树莓pi3作为服务器的MAG3110和ADXL345传感器以及用于测量数据显示的Android手机应用程序，实现基于物联网的遥测方法，在纬度坐标(-5.640274、104.3050093)、(-5.600941、104.7788183)处测量地球磁通量和振动，构建地震预警系统。测量数据表明，在395 μT ~ 404 μT的异常范围内，同一坐标上产生的地球异常和振动的平均影响时间为400秒。本研究的结论是，本研究可以作为设计实时地震预警系统的基础。Abstrak。Untuk membangun系统peringantan dini genpa bumi kami menerapkan方法遥测基础IoT Untuk mengukur磁通磁体bumi dan getaran paada ada koordinat lintang danbujur bumi (- 5.640274,104.3050093) dan (- 5.600941,104.7788183) menggunakan传感器MAG3110 dan ADXL345 yang diintegrasikan dalam raspberry pi3 sebagai服务器dan applikkasi di手机android digunakan Untuk menampikan数据企鹅。杨Hasil pengukuran diperoleh rata-rata影响杨ditumbulkan达里语timbulnya anomali dengan datangnya getaran篇koordinat杨央行membutuhkan waktu 400 detik达里语rentang anomali sebesar 395µT sampai dengan 404µT。halini menurut penelitat dijadikan dasar - untuk成员枪系统，可实时跟踪gengena - bumi - secara。
{"title":"Gempa Bumi : Hubungan Data Sensor MAG3110 dengan Data Sensor ADXL345 Berbasis IoT","authors":"Dodik Setyawan, Nurfiana Nurfiana, Lia Rosmalia, M. Setiawati","doi":"10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2802","url":null,"abstract":"The earthquake early warning system was built by implementing the IoT-based telemetry method to measure the earth's magnetic flux and vibrations at the latitude coordinates and longitude coordinates (-5.640274, 104.3050093), (-5.600941, 104.7788183) through the MAG3110 and ADXL345 sensors that were integrated in the raspberry pi3 as a server and applications on Android phones used for measurement data display. The result of the measurement data was that the average impact of the arising earth anomaly and vibration at the same coordinates took 400 seconds in the anomaly range of 395 μT to 404 μT. The conclusion of this study was that the study was able to be used as a basic to design the real-time earthquake warning system. Abstrak. Untuk membangun sistem peringantan dini gempa bumi kami menerapkan metode telemetri berbasis IoT untuk mengukur flux magnet bumi dan getaran pada pada koordinat lintang dan bujur bumi (-5.640274, 104.3050093) dan (-5.600941, 104.7788183) menggunakan sensor MAG3110 dan ADXL345 yang diintegrasikan dalam raspberry pi3 sebagai server dan aplikasi di handphone android digunakan untuk menampikan data pengukuran. Hasil pengukuran yang diperoleh rata-rata impact yang ditumbulkan dari timbulnya anomali dengan datangnya getaran pada koordinat yang sama membutuhkan waktu 400 detik dari rentang anomali sebesar 395 µT sampai dengan 404 µT. Hal ini menurut peneliti dapat dijadikan dasar untuk membangun sistem peringatan gempa bumi secara real time.","PeriodicalId":314761,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133813129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a ceramic material that has potential in the medical and industrial fields, where MgO can be obtained from natural dolomite which has a composition of 21.9% MgO and 54.3% CaCO3. However, MgO from dolomite has not been studied much so that this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of the holding time of calcination on the synthesized MgO phase. The MgO synthesis method uses the Leaching method, which is dissolving dolomite with HCl and stirring it at 75 ° C for 45 minutes. After that, it is filtered where the results of the filtrate are added with ammonia until the solution reaches pH 12 and a precipitate is formed. Furthermore, the precipitate was filtered and dried at 90 ° C for 6 hours, and calcined at a temperature of 800 ° C with a variation of the holding time of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours. The calcined powder was characterized by XRD and FTIR. The results showed that the optimum MgO periclase main phase was formed at a holding time of 8 hours at a calcination temperature of 800 ° C and had a nanocrystalline size of 20.12 nm. FTIR results show that the MgO synthesized with a holding time of 8 hours has functional groups Mg-O, Mg-O-Mg, C = O, alkene groups, and H-O-H in the wave number range of 4000 cm-1 - 500 cm-1.
{"title":"Sintesis Magnesium Oksida (MgO) dari Dolomit Bangkalan dengan Metode Leaching","authors":"D. Saputri, L. Rohmawati","doi":"10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2808","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a ceramic material that has potential in the medical and industrial fields, where MgO can be obtained from natural dolomite which has a composition of 21.9% MgO and 54.3% CaCO3. However, MgO from dolomite has not been studied much so that this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of the holding time of calcination on the synthesized MgO phase. The MgO synthesis method uses the Leaching method, which is dissolving dolomite with HCl and stirring it at 75 ° C for 45 minutes. After that, it is filtered where the results of the filtrate are added with ammonia until the solution reaches pH 12 and a precipitate is formed. Furthermore, the precipitate was filtered and dried at 90 ° C for 6 hours, and calcined at a temperature of 800 ° C with a variation of the holding time of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours. The calcined powder was characterized by XRD and FTIR. The results showed that the optimum MgO periclase main phase was formed at a holding time of 8 hours at a calcination temperature of 800 ° C and had a nanocrystalline size of 20.12 nm. FTIR results show that the MgO synthesized with a holding time of 8 hours has functional groups Mg-O, Mg-O-Mg, C = O, alkene groups, and H-O-H in the wave number range of 4000 cm-1 - 500 cm-1.","PeriodicalId":314761,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132456183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research has been carried out on the effect of the concentration of Kepok banana peel extract as an inhibitor on API 5L carbon steel in 3% NaCl corrosive medium. API 5L carbon steel immersion was carried out for 7 hours with two variations of immersion temperature, namely 40 and 80 oC and five variations in the concentration of corrosion inhibitors, namely 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%. Corrosion rate testing was carried out using the weight loss method. The results showed that the largest corrosion rates at immersion temperatures of 40 and 80 oC were at 0% inhibitor concentrations, namely 60.91 mm / y and 86.91 mm / y. Meanwhile, the lowest corrosion rate was at the inhibitor concentration of 8% at immersion temperatures of 40 and 80 oC, namely 32.51 mm / y and 63.92 mm / y. The greatest effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors occurred at a concentration of 8% at immersion temperatures of 40 and 80 oC of 56.63%, and 26.44%. The results of the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization showed that the phase formed was pure Fe. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization showed uneven clusters and smaller size, holes and cracks were also less in 8% inhibitor at immersion temperature of 40 and 80 oC compared to inhibitor 0% at immersion temperature 40 and 80 oC.
{"title":"PENGARUH KONSENTRASI INHIBITOR KOROSI EKSTRAK KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca L) TERHADAP LAJU KOROSI BAJA KARBON API 5L PADA SUHU PERENDAMAN 40OC DAN 80OC","authors":"Titan Nurahman, E. G. Suka, L. Rumiyanti","doi":"10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2719","url":null,"abstract":"Research has been carried out on the effect of the concentration of Kepok banana peel extract as an inhibitor on API 5L carbon steel in 3% NaCl corrosive medium. API 5L carbon steel immersion was carried out for 7 hours with two variations of immersion temperature, namely 40 and 80 oC and five variations in the concentration of corrosion inhibitors, namely 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%. Corrosion rate testing was carried out using the weight loss method. The results showed that the largest corrosion rates at immersion temperatures of 40 and 80 oC were at 0% inhibitor concentrations, namely 60.91 mm / y and 86.91 mm / y. Meanwhile, the lowest corrosion rate was at the inhibitor concentration of 8% at immersion temperatures of 40 and 80 oC, namely 32.51 mm / y and 63.92 mm / y. The greatest effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors occurred at a concentration of 8% at immersion temperatures of 40 and 80 oC of 56.63%, and 26.44%. The results of the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization showed that the phase formed was pure Fe. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization showed uneven clusters and smaller size, holes and cracks were also less in 8% inhibitor at immersion temperature of 40 and 80 oC compared to inhibitor 0% at immersion temperature 40 and 80 oC.","PeriodicalId":314761,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132562421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trismahargyono Trismahargyono, S. R. Sulistiyanti, R. Marjunus
Indonesia is located at the junction of three tectonic plates and has many active faults. The consequence of this tectonic arrangement makes Indonesia prone to earthquakes. Therefore, earthquake mitigation efforts based on an early warning system need to be done. The design of an earthquake strength estimation system, based on python, for this early warning, analyzes the initial phase of the first three seconds since the arrival of the P wave, using parameters in the form of Pd (the maximum amplitude of the first three seconds of the arrival of the P wave). The resulting tools and systems consist of hardware in the form of Raspberry Pi3B + and ADXL345. The system will detect in real time and automatically trigger an earthquake using the STA / LTA method. When the Pd and Td parameters have been obtained, the system will calculate and issue earthquake strength information, in the form of magnitude and intensity scale of earthquake damage MMI (Modified Mercally Intensity), which will then be sent automatically via the telegram application. Testing of tools and systems was carried out in an earthquake simulator, using the Padang earthquake parameters on 30 September 2009, 17:16:09 WIB. The results of the test produce an intensity scale of VIII MMI, these results are close to the results of the BMKG for the earthquake, with an intensity scale of VIII MMI. From these results the designed tools and systems can be used to provide early warning in the event of an earthquake.
{"title":"Design of an Earthquake Intensity Estimation System for Early Warning","authors":"Trismahargyono Trismahargyono, S. R. Sulistiyanti, R. Marjunus","doi":"10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2803","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is located at the junction of three tectonic plates and has many active faults. The consequence of this tectonic arrangement makes Indonesia prone to earthquakes. Therefore, earthquake mitigation efforts based on an early warning system need to be done. The design of an earthquake strength estimation system, based on python, for this early warning, analyzes the initial phase of the first three seconds since the arrival of the P wave, using parameters in the form of Pd (the maximum amplitude of the first three seconds of the arrival of the P wave). The resulting tools and systems consist of hardware in the form of Raspberry Pi3B + and ADXL345. The system will detect in real time and automatically trigger an earthquake using the STA / LTA method. When the Pd and Td parameters have been obtained, the system will calculate and issue earthquake strength information, in the form of magnitude and intensity scale of earthquake damage MMI (Modified Mercally Intensity), which will then be sent automatically via the telegram application. Testing of tools and systems was carried out in an earthquake simulator, using the Padang earthquake parameters on 30 September 2009, 17:16:09 WIB. The results of the test produce an intensity scale of VIII MMI, these results are close to the results of the BMKG for the earthquake, with an intensity scale of VIII MMI. From these results the designed tools and systems can be used to provide early warning in the event of an earthquake.","PeriodicalId":314761,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124096841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Fish bone contains about 62.31% CaO and 37.46% P2O5 so that it can be used as hydroxyapatite material. This composition is also contained in the bone of the broom fish (Hypostomus plecostomus) which is known from the XRF test. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the phase and functional group of hydroxyapatite from broomstick fish bones. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from broomstick fish bones using the precipitation method, namely as much as 7 grams of CaO dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water and heated at 90°C then added 100 ml of 0.6 M H3PO4 to obtain a clear solution. Then the solution was added with 1 M NaOH until it reached pH 10, allowed to stand for 24 hours and a precipitate was formed. After that, it was heated at a temperature of 900°C with a holding time variation of 5 hours and 7 hours and then cooled at room temperature. The results of this synthesis were characterized by XRD and FTIR. Based on the XRF results, the broom fish bone has a CaO content of 81.37%. The main phase of hydroxyapatite was formed optimally at a holding time of 7 hours and had a crystal size of 32.39 nm which was calculated based on the Scherrer equation. FTIR results show that hydroxyapatite consists of three main functional groups, namely phosphate , hydroxyl (OH-) and carbonate in the wave range of 4000 cm -1 – 500 cm -1 . Thus, in this study, hydroxyapatite from broom fish bones was successfully synthesized. Keywords : Hydroxyapatite, CaO, broom fish bone, Precipitation.
摘要鱼骨中CaO含量约为62.31%，P2O5含量约为37.46%，可作为羟基磷灰石材料。这种成分也包含在从XRF测试中已知的帚鱼(Hypostomus plecostomus)的骨头中。因此，本研究的目的是确定飞天鱼骨中羟基磷灰石的相和官能团。用沉淀法从飞天鱼骨中合成羟基磷灰石，即将多达7克的CaO溶解于100毫升蒸馏水中，90℃加热后加入100毫升0.6 M的H3PO4，得到澄清溶液。然后加入1m NaOH，直至pH值达到10，静置24小时，形成沉淀。然后在900℃的温度下加热，保温时间分别为5小时和7小时，然后在室温下冷却。用XRD和FTIR对合成产物进行了表征。XRF分析结果表明，扫把鱼骨中CaO含量为81.37%。羟基磷灰石主相在保温时间为7 h时形成最佳，根据Scherrer方程计算得到的主相尺寸为32.39 nm。FTIR结果表明，在4000 cm -1 ~ 500 cm -1波长范围内，羟基磷灰石由磷酸盐、羟基(OH-)和碳酸盐三个主要官能团组成。因此，本研究成功地合成了从帚鱼骨中提取的羟基磷灰石。关键词:羟基磷灰石，CaO，帚状鱼骨，沉淀
{"title":"Sintesis Hidroksiapatit dari Tulang Ikan Sapu-Sapu (Hypostomus plecostomus) dengan Metode Presipitasi","authors":"Sri Maulidiyah Mangkuasih, L. Rohmawati","doi":"10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JTAF.V9I2.2818","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Fish bone contains about 62.31% CaO and 37.46% P2O5 so that it can be used as hydroxyapatite material. This composition is also contained in the bone of the broom fish (Hypostomus plecostomus) which is known from the XRF test. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the phase and functional group of hydroxyapatite from broomstick fish bones. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from broomstick fish bones using the precipitation method, namely as much as 7 grams of CaO dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water and heated at 90°C then added 100 ml of 0.6 M H3PO4 to obtain a clear solution. Then the solution was added with 1 M NaOH until it reached pH 10, allowed to stand for 24 hours and a precipitate was formed. After that, it was heated at a temperature of 900°C with a holding time variation of 5 hours and 7 hours and then cooled at room temperature. The results of this synthesis were characterized by XRD and FTIR. Based on the XRF results, the broom fish bone has a CaO content of 81.37%. The main phase of hydroxyapatite was formed optimally at a holding time of 7 hours and had a crystal size of 32.39 nm which was calculated based on the Scherrer equation. FTIR results show that hydroxyapatite consists of three main functional groups, namely phosphate , hydroxyl (OH-) and carbonate in the wave range of 4000 cm -1 – 500 cm -1 . Thus, in this study, hydroxyapatite from broom fish bones was successfully synthesized. Keywords : Hydroxyapatite, CaO, broom fish bone, Precipitation.","PeriodicalId":314761,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128122249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A steel shear modulus measurement has been conducted using spring-mass oscillation analysis. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the spring-mass oscillation analysis method can measure the shear modulus of the steel. In this study, springs that are used are made of steel with a spring radius of 7.86 mm, a spring wire diameter of 0.817 mm and there is no distance between the coil springs. The length of the spring is varied 7 times, i.e., 4.75 cm, 5.36 cm, 5.89 cm, 6.81 cm, 8.53 cm, 9.44 cm, and 10.87 cm. The spring radius and the diameter of the spring wire are measured using a micrometer screw, while the spring length is determined using image analysis using the Logger Pro program. The spring constant is determined from the equation of the results of the position graph fitting (x) with respect to time (t) load on the oscillating spring-mass system. The value of the shear modulus can be determined from the constants on the graph of the relationship of the spring constant to the spring length following the equation from Sommerfeld. The research measures the shear modulus is 1.24 GPa
{"title":"Pengukuran Modulus Geser Baja Menggunakan Analisis Osilasi Pegas-Massa","authors":"Samuel Hia, Albertus Hariwangsa Panuluh","doi":"10.23960/JTAF.V9I1.2606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JTAF.V9I1.2606","url":null,"abstract":"A steel shear modulus measurement has been conducted using spring-mass oscillation analysis. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the spring-mass oscillation analysis method can measure the shear modulus of the steel. In this study, springs that are used are made of steel with a spring radius of 7.86 mm, a spring wire diameter of 0.817 mm and there is no distance between the coil springs. The length of the spring is varied 7 times, i.e., 4.75 cm, 5.36 cm, 5.89 cm, 6.81 cm, 8.53 cm, 9.44 cm, and 10.87 cm. The spring radius and the diameter of the spring wire are measured using a micrometer screw, while the spring length is determined using image analysis using the Logger Pro program. The spring constant is determined from the equation of the results of the position graph fitting (x) with respect to time (t) load on the oscillating spring-mass system. The value of the shear modulus can be determined from the constants on the graph of the relationship of the spring constant to the spring length following the equation from Sommerfeld. The research measures the shear modulus is 1.24 GPa","PeriodicalId":314761,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124859731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Irsal, N. Nurbaiti, Aulia Narendra Mukhtar, Shinta Gunawati, Wahyu Hidayat
Iterative reconstruction can optimize radiation dose and improve image quality on CT scan. This research method is quantitative analytic with the analysis of the results of the head CT examination parameters associated with image quality to changes in variations of 80 kV, 100 kV, 120 kV with the use of iterative reconstruction. Image quality measurements are the Hounsfield Unit (HU) value, standard deviation, and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) using Radiant Viewers. Effective dose measurement using the Dose Length Product (DLP). Then perform the Kruskal Wallis test to find out whether there is an effect of tube voltage and Iterative Reconstruction on the SNR value using IBM SPSS version 24. The results image quality of the HU value increase due to changes in the kV value, but the value does not change significantly when the iDose changes, for the standard The deviation has decreased due to changes in kV, but the value of the value does not experience a significant change at the time of change in iDose, while SNR increases due to changes in kV value and changes in iDose. The percentage ratio of the effective dose in the use of standard kV with 80 kV decreased radiation dose by 62%, while at 100 kV there was a decrease of 25%, and the use of 120 kV experienced an increase of 25%. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test p-value <0.001, therefore it can be concluded that there is a difference in the SNR image quality at each change in iDose and kV parameters.
迭代重建可以优化CT扫描的辐射剂量，提高图像质量。本研究方法是定量分析与分析头部CT检查结果相关的图像质量参数的变化，以80kv、100kv、120kv的变化为例，采用迭代重建方法。图像质量测量是使用辐射观测器的Hounsfield单位(HU)值、标准偏差和信噪比(SNR)。使用剂量长度积(DLP)测量有效剂量。然后使用IBM SPSS version 24进行Kruskal Wallis检验，看看管电压和迭代重构对信噪比值是否有影响。结果表明，随着kV值的变化，HU值的图像质量增加，但随着iDose的变化，该值的变化不明显;对于标准来说，由于kV值的变化，偏差减小，但在iDose变化时，该值的值没有发生明显变化，而信噪比则由于kV值的变化和iDose的变化而增加。使用标准kV时有效剂量的百分比比使用80 kV时减少62%的辐射剂量，使用100 kV时减少25%，使用120 kV时增加25%。Kruskal Wallis检验的结果p值<0.001，因此可以得出结论，在每次改变iDose和kV参数时，信噪比图像质量存在差异。
{"title":"Pengaruh Tegangan Tabung terhadap Kualitas Citra pada Pemeriksaan Computed Tomography Kepala menggunakan Iterative Reconstruction","authors":"M. Irsal, N. Nurbaiti, Aulia Narendra Mukhtar, Shinta Gunawati, Wahyu Hidayat","doi":"10.23960/jtaf.v9i1.2715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/jtaf.v9i1.2715","url":null,"abstract":"Iterative reconstruction can optimize radiation dose and improve image quality on CT scan. This research method is quantitative analytic with the analysis of the results of the head CT examination parameters associated with image quality to changes in variations of 80 kV, 100 kV, 120 kV with the use of iterative reconstruction. Image quality measurements are the Hounsfield Unit (HU) value, standard deviation, and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) using Radiant Viewers. Effective dose measurement using the Dose Length Product (DLP). Then perform the Kruskal Wallis test to find out whether there is an effect of tube voltage and Iterative Reconstruction on the SNR value using IBM SPSS version 24. The results image quality of the HU value increase due to changes in the kV value, but the value does not change significantly when the iDose changes, for the standard The deviation has decreased due to changes in kV, but the value of the value does not experience a significant change at the time of change in iDose, while SNR increases due to changes in kV value and changes in iDose. The percentage ratio of the effective dose in the use of standard kV with 80 kV decreased radiation dose by 62%, while at 100 kV there was a decrease of 25%, and the use of 120 kV experienced an increase of 25%. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test p-value <0.001, therefore it can be concluded that there is a difference in the SNR image quality at each change in iDose and kV parameters.","PeriodicalId":314761,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114438803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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