Maria Cristina Lumînare, D. Cojanu, M. Dinu, A. Fătu
The in vitro effect of three herbicides commonly used in wheat or corn plant protection programs in Romania on mycelial growth of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana (BbTd1) were investigated. The formulations with Isoxaflutole 225 g/L + Thiencarbazone methyl 90 g/L + cyprosulfamide (safener) 150 g/L (Adengo), Nicosulfuron 40g/L (Nicogan) and dimethylamine salt 600g/L (Dicopur) were tested at three different concentrations (field recommendation- FR, half and twice the FR) both on solid and liquid media. On the solid media, the radial growth of the fungus was measured for 11 days. On the liquid media mycelial biomass was weighted after 7 days of incubation on a rotary shaker. Dicopur significantly inhibited the vegetative growth of B. bassiana BbTd1 in both culture media at tested concentrations. In liquid media, mycelial growth was stimulated by Adengo and Nicogan at different concentrations. No significant differences caused by Adengo and Nicogan compared to control of radial growth was detected. The results showed that Adengo and Nicogan could be used simultaneously with this entomopathogen in integrated control programs. Further in vivo studies are necessary to establish if Dicopur formulation can cause damage to field populations of entomopathogenic fungi.
{"title":"IN VITRO COMPATIBILITY OF DIFFERENT HERBICIDES WITH ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS BEAUVERIA BASSIANA","authors":"Maria Cristina Lumînare, D. Cojanu, M. Dinu, A. Fătu","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.15.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.15.10","url":null,"abstract":"The in vitro effect of three herbicides commonly used in wheat or corn plant protection programs in Romania on mycelial growth of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana (BbTd1) were investigated. The formulations with Isoxaflutole 225 g/L + Thiencarbazone methyl 90 g/L + cyprosulfamide (safener) 150 g/L (Adengo), Nicosulfuron 40g/L (Nicogan) and dimethylamine salt 600g/L (Dicopur) were tested at three different concentrations (field recommendation- FR, half and twice the FR) both on solid and liquid media. On the solid media, the radial growth of the fungus was measured for 11 days. On the liquid media mycelial biomass was weighted after 7 days of incubation on a rotary shaker. Dicopur significantly inhibited the vegetative growth of B. bassiana BbTd1 in both culture media at tested concentrations. In liquid media, mycelial growth was stimulated by Adengo and Nicogan at different concentrations. No significant differences caused by Adengo and Nicogan compared to control of radial growth was detected. The results showed that Adengo and Nicogan could be used simultaneously with this entomopathogen in integrated control programs. Further in vivo studies are necessary to establish if Dicopur formulation can cause damage to field populations of entomopathogenic fungi.","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121193743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A requirement for industrial-scale production of mycoinsecticides is the capacity of fungal strains to produce infective and stable propagules on inexpensive artificial substrates, with either solid-state or submerged liquid fermentation methods. The ability of entomopathogenic fungi to use different nutritive substrates is one of the factors influencing their effectiveness.Vegetative growth and sporulation yield depend on the composition of the culture medium and are specific to each fungal isolate. Our study has focused on fungal inoculum produced in artificial media. Native Beauveria bassiana strains was cultivated in liquid medium involving variations in carbon and nitrogen sources and the production of spores was evaluated. The results revealed that among the carbon and nitrogen sources tested, zaharose and ammonium nitrate were most efficiently used for the production of B.bassiana spores in submerged liquid fermentation.
{"title":"EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CARBON AND NITROGEN SOURCES ON SPORULATION OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA ROMANIAN STRAINS","authors":"Daniela Cojocaru, Cristina-Maria Lumînare","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.14.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.14.04","url":null,"abstract":"A requirement for industrial-scale production of mycoinsecticides is the capacity of fungal strains to produce infective and stable propagules on inexpensive artificial substrates, with either solid-state or submerged liquid fermentation methods. The ability of entomopathogenic fungi to use different nutritive substrates is one of the factors influencing their effectiveness.Vegetative growth and sporulation yield depend on the composition of the culture medium and are specific to each fungal isolate. Our study has focused on fungal inoculum produced in artificial media. Native Beauveria bassiana strains was cultivated in liquid medium involving variations in carbon and nitrogen sources and the production of spores was evaluated. The results revealed that among the carbon and nitrogen sources tested, zaharose and ammonium nitrate were most efficiently used for the production of B.bassiana spores in submerged liquid fermentation.","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115791925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Chețan, C. Chețan, F. Mureșanu, L. Suciu, I. Crișan
In the last years there has been a slight increase in average annual temperatures, as well as a high fluctuation in the distribution of rainfall, thus the reduction of the effects of atmospheric and pedological drought is part of the reasons that determine the orientation towards new variants of soil tillage. The experiment conceived and performed at ARDS Turda includes four variants of soil tillage: plow with the turn of the furrow (CS), chisel (MT), disk (MD) and no tillage (NT), in a 3-year crop rotation of soybean - winter wheat - maize. The momentary water reserve was higher in the MD and NT system compared to the CS, MT. The specific resistance of the soil to penetration (Rp) in NT, MD are higher compared to the CS and MT systems. Soybeans can be cultivated in a MT, the yield difference compared to the CS is 107 kg/ha. Compared to CS (66.5 L/ha) significant reductions of diesel consumption are made in the MD system (21 L/ha) and in the NT (31.7 L/ha).
{"title":"RESEARCH REGARDING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOYBEAN CULTIVATION IN DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOIL COMPACTION, ACCUMULATION AND WATER STORAGE","authors":"F. Chețan, C. Chețan, F. Mureșanu, L. Suciu, I. Crișan","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.14.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.14.01","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years there has been a slight increase in average annual temperatures, as well as a high fluctuation in the distribution of rainfall, thus the reduction of the effects of atmospheric and pedological drought is part of the reasons that determine the orientation towards new variants of soil tillage. The experiment conceived and performed at ARDS Turda includes four variants of soil tillage: plow with the turn of the furrow (CS), chisel (MT), disk (MD) and no tillage (NT), in a 3-year crop rotation of soybean - winter wheat - maize. The momentary water reserve was higher in the MD and NT system compared to the CS, MT. The specific resistance of the soil to penetration (Rp) in NT, MD are higher compared to the CS and MT systems. Soybeans can be cultivated in a MT, the yield difference compared to the CS is 107 kg/ha. Compared to CS (66.5 L/ha) significant reductions of diesel consumption are made in the MD system (21 L/ha) and in the NT (31.7 L/ha).","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123158026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Savu, A. Șapcaliu, Bogdan Tache, Roxana Zaharia, V. Lagunovschi-Luchian, Luiza Bădic, I. Radoi
"The purpose of this work was to evaluate suspicions of intoxication in bees in 2018-2020. Bee health was monitored and samples were collected (live bees, dead bees, honey, pollen, hive fragments) from bee colonies in apiaries located in various geographical areas of Romania. Corroborating the anamnetic data, morphoclinical examinations and laboratory tests, other causes of disease were excluded and the diagnosis was suspicion of intoxication. During this period, 317 apiaries were monitored out of which 32 apiaries were identified to display suspicion of intoxication, out of which 4 apiaries in 2018, 18 apiaries in 2019 and 10 apiaries in 2020. The suspicion of intoxication diagnosis included 4079 bee colonies, out of which 1896 colonies were diagnosed in 2018, 1582 in 2019 and 601 in 2020. The bee colonies under suspicion of intoxication were evaluated and categorized as follows: toxic food intoxication 49.5% (2018), 34.07% (2019) and 14.31% (2020); chemical substance intoxication 40% (2018), 59.6% (2019), 35.10% (2020) and medicine intoxication 10.5% (2018), 6.33 % (2019) and 50.59 % (2020)."
{"title":"EVALUATING SUSPICIONS OF INTOXICATION IN BEES IN 2018-2020","authors":"V. Savu, A. Șapcaliu, Bogdan Tache, Roxana Zaharia, V. Lagunovschi-Luchian, Luiza Bădic, I. Radoi","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.13.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.13.06","url":null,"abstract":"\"The purpose of this work was to evaluate suspicions of intoxication in bees in 2018-2020. Bee health\u0000was monitored and samples were collected (live bees, dead bees, honey, pollen, hive fragments) from bee colonies\u0000in apiaries located in various geographical areas of Romania. Corroborating the anamnetic data, morphoclinical\u0000examinations and laboratory tests, other causes of disease were excluded and the diagnosis was suspicion of\u0000intoxication. During this period, 317 apiaries were monitored out of which 32 apiaries were identified to display\u0000suspicion of intoxication, out of which 4 apiaries in 2018, 18 apiaries in 2019 and 10 apiaries in 2020. The\u0000suspicion of intoxication diagnosis included 4079 bee colonies, out of which 1896 colonies were diagnosed in\u00002018, 1582 in 2019 and 601 in 2020. The bee colonies under suspicion of intoxication were evaluated and\u0000categorized as follows: toxic food intoxication 49.5% (2018), 34.07% (2019) and 14.31% (2020); chemical\u0000substance intoxication 40% (2018), 59.6% (2019), 35.10% (2020) and medicine intoxication 10.5% (2018), 6.33\u0000% (2019) and 50.59 % (2020).\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130508660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
" Agriculture plays a crucial role in the society and global economy and has a huge impact on the environment. Human overpopulation require higher amounts of food, and due to the overwhelming increase of health disorder it is a consumer demand for high quality food products. However, intensive agricultural practices involve the use of synthetic substances, with negative effects on human health and environmental safety. These triggered the concern of global regulatory agencies for new strategies and harsh regulations regarding agricultural inputs. Sustainable agriculture practices, including the use of renewable resources are now promoted. Biofertilizers, biopesticides and biostimulants contribute to agricultural yield and quality improvement, having a low detrimental impact on the environment. Microbial inoculants based on selected microorganisms are promising products that can improve plant growth and productivity and prevent crops from pest and diseases attack, being an environmental friendly approach. Plant beneficial microorganisms trigger various mechanisms for soil improvement, nitrogen fixation, nutrients solubilization and uptake in plants. Some beneficial microorganisms can release active biomolecule involved in plant protection, or suppress biotic and abiotic stress factors, revealing plant or environmental benefits. This study aims to review plant beneficial microbial agro-inoculants, successful formulations and application methods."
{"title":"PLANT-BENEFICIAL MICROBIAL INOCULANTS AND THEIR FORMULATION – A REVIEW","authors":"L. Barbu, O. Boiu-Sicuia","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.14.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.14.05","url":null,"abstract":"\" Agriculture plays a crucial role in the society and global economy and has a huge impact on the\u0000environment. Human overpopulation require higher amounts of food, and due to the overwhelming increase of\u0000health disorder it is a consumer demand for high quality food products. However, intensive agricultural practices\u0000involve the use of synthetic substances, with negative effects on human health and environmental safety. These\u0000triggered the concern of global regulatory agencies for new strategies and harsh regulations regarding\u0000agricultural inputs. Sustainable agriculture practices, including the use of renewable resources are now\u0000promoted. Biofertilizers, biopesticides and biostimulants contribute to agricultural yield and quality\u0000improvement, having a low detrimental impact on the environment. Microbial inoculants based on selected\u0000microorganisms are promising products that can improve plant growth and productivity and prevent crops from\u0000pest and diseases attack, being an environmental friendly approach. Plant beneficial microorganisms trigger\u0000various mechanisms for soil improvement, nitrogen fixation, nutrients solubilization and uptake in plants. Some\u0000beneficial microorganisms can release active biomolecule involved in plant protection, or suppress biotic and\u0000abiotic stress factors, revealing plant or environmental benefits. This study aims to review plant beneficial\u0000microbial agro-inoculants, successful formulations and application methods.\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129675881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Chețan, L. Suciu, C. Chețan, A. Tărău, I. Crișan, F. Mureșanu
"The degradation of natural soil fertility is caused by practicing the classic tillage system (ploughing with the furrow return) and using high doses of chemical fertilizers. It is necessary to adopt soil tillage techniques that aim to preserve and improve soil fertility without decrease production. In Romania, soybean crop, could be an economic boost for the agriculture sector because it reduces the costs required for the procurement of vegetable protein needed for the livestock and food sector, soybeans being a plant that fixes nitrogen from various sources (precipitation, activity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria, humus mineralization and residual nitrogen). From the research conducted between 2018-2020 at ARDS Turda, regarding the soybean root nodules cultivated in four tillage systems (CS - plough, MC - chisel, MD - disk and NT- direct sowing) with the technology specific to each system, the results indicate that in a conservative system the soybeans yield correlates positively with the number and weight of nodules formed. Organo-mineral fertilization (green fertilizer - autumn rape + gulle manure + N40P40) contributes significantly positively to the number and the weight of nodules and increases the yield. As an alternative to the CS, soybean can be cultivated in a minimum tillage system (MC), the yield difference compared to the classical system (plough) being insignificant, just 38 kg. The pedo-climatic conditions of the experimental area it is favourable for this crop and for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, without requiring high doses of mineral fertilizers."
{"title":"SOIL PROTECTION STUDY THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF COMPLEX METHODS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE SOYBEAN AGROSYSTEM","authors":"F. Chețan, L. Suciu, C. Chețan, A. Tărău, I. Crișan, F. Mureșanu","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.13.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.13.10","url":null,"abstract":"\"The degradation of natural soil fertility is caused by practicing the classic tillage system (ploughing\u0000with the furrow return) and using high doses of chemical fertilizers. It is necessary to adopt soil tillage\u0000techniques that aim to preserve and improve soil fertility without decrease production. In Romania, soybean\u0000crop, could be an economic boost for the agriculture sector because it reduces the costs required for the\u0000procurement of vegetable protein needed for the livestock and food sector, soybeans being a plant that fixes\u0000nitrogen from various sources (precipitation, activity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria, humus\u0000mineralization and residual nitrogen). From the research conducted between 2018-2020 at ARDS Turda,\u0000regarding the soybean root nodules cultivated in four tillage systems (CS - plough, MC - chisel, MD - disk and\u0000NT- direct sowing) with the technology specific to each system, the results indicate that in a conservative system\u0000the soybeans yield correlates positively with the number and weight of nodules formed. Organo-mineral\u0000fertilization (green fertilizer - autumn rape + gulle manure + N40P40) contributes significantly positively to the\u0000number and the weight of nodules and increases the yield. As an alternative to the CS, soybean can be cultivated\u0000in a minimum tillage system (MC), the yield difference compared to the classical system (plough) being\u0000insignificant, just 38 kg. The pedo-climatic conditions of the experimental area it is favourable for this crop and\u0000for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, without requiring high doses of mineral fertilizers.\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128876982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Suciu, F. Mureșanu, L. Șopterean, A. Vălean, F. Chețan, C. Urdǎ, A. Șimon, A. Tărău
Attack pathogens and increasing abundance of some insect pests were favored by the climate changes, culture technologies practiced and increasing of cultivated areas with soybeans. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the attack of pathogens in soybean crop and to monitor some pest Lepidoptera species in order to identify technological measures to ensure their control by methods with minimal impact on the environment. The experiment was performed at the Research and Development Station for Agriculture Turda during 2018-2020 period. The best technological option is plowing, balanced fertilization and fungicides application, either alone, or in combination with an insecticide.
{"title":"INTEGRATED PATHOGENS AND PESTS MANAGEMENT IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE","authors":"L. Suciu, F. Mureșanu, L. Șopterean, A. Vălean, F. Chețan, C. Urdǎ, A. Șimon, A. Tărău","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.14.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.14.02","url":null,"abstract":"Attack pathogens and increasing abundance of some insect pests were favored by the climate changes, culture technologies practiced and increasing of cultivated areas with soybeans. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the attack of pathogens in soybean crop and to monitor some pest Lepidoptera species in order to identify technological measures to ensure their control by methods with minimal impact on the environment. The experiment was performed at the Research and Development Station for Agriculture Turda during 2018-2020 period. The best technological option is plowing, balanced fertilization and fungicides application, either alone, or in combination with an insecticide.","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133550962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Many techniques for the histological study of the invertebrate gonads topography are described. For arthropods, a major drawback is the presence of the exoskeleton, which is a hardly permeable structure to the aqueous reagents with mechanical resistance also. Therefore, use of specific reagents and techniques, adapted for the study of their internal structures is a must. Several methods have been tested in this study like aqueous topographical fixation solutions based on picric acid (Bouin), mercury (II) chloride („Susa” Heidenhain) as well as alcoholic ones, picric acid (Duboscq-Brasil), mercury (II) chloride (Apathy) or acetic acid (Carnoy II) based. For the i) dehydration methods using absolute ethanol or 2-propanol, and ii) embedding ones the following methods were tested: paraffin with benzene, tert-butanol or pyridine as intermediary solvent (Gabe), paraffincelloidin double inclusion with diethyl ether: ethanol (1:1) as solvent (Pfuhl). After embedding and casting the paraffin blocks, these were cut at 5-10μ, the section ribbons were spread on distilled water and glued on slides with glycerol-albumine Mayer. For the double-embedded material, the sections were glued with Ruyter’s solution, with or without application of collodion. Heidenhain’s „Azan”, Mann-Dominici, Van Gieson and Gabe staining methods were used. For permanent slides, natural Canada balsam or artificial one “Caedax” were dissolved in xylene (mixture of isomers). Several procedures were tested for fixing solution, intermediary solvent, dehydrating, embedding and staining. The aim of this study was to optimise an efficient method in terms of results and reproducibility. Here, one of the successful methods is detailed (Heidenhain’s „Susa” fixation, ethanol dehydrating, paraffin embedding and Heidenhain’s „Azan” staining), to be followed by a series of optimized methods in future articles. The results obtained are reproducible, allowing the investigation methods of the structural modification of the white fly gonads induced by the chemical or biological control methods standardization. "
{"title":"OPTIMISATION OF LABORATORY PROTOCOLS FOR THE HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM WESTWOOD, 1856 (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) GONADS – Part 1","authors":"Daniel Kazimir Kurzeluk","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.13.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.13.14","url":null,"abstract":"\"Many techniques for the histological study of the invertebrate gonads topography are described. For\u0000arthropods, a major drawback is the presence of the exoskeleton, which is a hardly permeable structure to the\u0000aqueous reagents with mechanical resistance also. Therefore, use of specific reagents and techniques, adapted for\u0000the study of their internal structures is a must. Several methods have been tested in this study like aqueous\u0000topographical fixation solutions based on picric acid (Bouin), mercury (II) chloride („Susa” Heidenhain) as well\u0000as alcoholic ones, picric acid (Duboscq-Brasil), mercury (II) chloride (Apathy) or acetic acid (Carnoy II) based.\u0000For the i) dehydration methods using absolute ethanol or 2-propanol, and ii) embedding ones the following\u0000methods were tested: paraffin with benzene, tert-butanol or pyridine as intermediary solvent (Gabe), paraffincelloidin double inclusion with diethyl ether: ethanol (1:1) as solvent (Pfuhl). After embedding and casting the\u0000paraffin blocks, these were cut at 5-10μ, the section ribbons were spread on distilled water and glued on slides\u0000with glycerol-albumine Mayer. For the double-embedded material, the sections were glued with Ruyter’s\u0000solution, with or without application of collodion. Heidenhain’s „Azan”, Mann-Dominici, Van Gieson and Gabe\u0000staining methods were used. For permanent slides, natural Canada balsam or artificial one “Caedax” were\u0000dissolved in xylene (mixture of isomers). Several procedures were tested for fixing solution, intermediary\u0000solvent, dehydrating, embedding and staining. The aim of this study was to optimise an efficient method in terms\u0000of results and reproducibility. Here, one of the successful methods is detailed (Heidenhain’s „Susa” fixation,\u0000ethanol dehydrating, paraffin embedding and Heidenhain’s „Azan” staining), to be followed by a series of\u0000optimized methods in future articles. The results obtained are reproducible, allowing the investigation methods\u0000of the structural modification of the white fly gonads induced by the chemical or biological control methods\u0000standardization.\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"12 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113984773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Florescu, A. Teodoru, A. Geicu, Andrei Chiriloaie-Palade, V. Fătu, T. Manole, Toma Mitel, Emilian Mirea, V. Manea, A. Toader, Bogdan Staicu, F. Burnichi, C. Chireceanu
" This paper presents the species composition and abundance of epigeal invertebrate fauna collected from experimental pepper crops at the Vegetable Research and Development Station Buzău, Romania during 219-2020. The open field bell pepper Buzau 10 (2019) and Cantemir (2020) varieties were used in the experiment in five variants with two factors, diatomite (three doses) and bioinoculant Trichoderma asperellum Td85 strain. Diatomite was local from the Pătârlagele deposit (Buzău County) and antagonistic fungus was from the collection of microorganisms of Research and Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest. The fauna on the soil surface was collected using Barber traps, replaced every two weeks from June to October. The ecological parameters of abundance, dominance, constancy and ecological significance have been calculated using specific formulas. Specific attributes of the two products, diatomite and bioinoculant Trichoderma, reflected on the ecological and structural characteristics of invertebrate communities."
“本文介绍了罗马尼亚buz蔬菜研究与发展站在2019 -2020年期间从试验辣椒作物中收集的表面无脊椎动物的物种组成和丰度。以大田甜椒品种Buzau 10(2019)和Cantemir(2020)为试验材料，在硅藻土(3剂量)和生物接种剂曲霉木霉td85两种因素的影响下，分5个变异体进行试验。硅藻土来自布加勒斯特县的pere t rlagele矿床，拮抗真菌来自布加勒斯特植物保护研究所微生物标本。土壤表面的动物群是用Barber陷阱收集的，从6月到10月每两周更换一次。利用特定的公式计算了丰度、优势度、恒常性和生态意义等生态参数。硅藻土和木霉这两种产品的特定属性反映了无脊椎动物群落的生态和结构特征。
{"title":"PRELIMINARY STUDY ON EPIGEAL INVERTEBRATES FAUNA IN EXPERIMENTAL PEPPER CROPS AT SCDL BUZĂU, ROMANIA","authors":"I. Florescu, A. Teodoru, A. Geicu, Andrei Chiriloaie-Palade, V. Fătu, T. Manole, Toma Mitel, Emilian Mirea, V. Manea, A. Toader, Bogdan Staicu, F. Burnichi, C. Chireceanu","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.14.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.14.07","url":null,"abstract":"\" This paper presents the species composition and abundance of epigeal invertebrate fauna collected\u0000from experimental pepper crops at the Vegetable Research and Development Station Buzău, Romania during\u0000219-2020. The open field bell pepper Buzau 10 (2019) and Cantemir (2020) varieties were used in the\u0000experiment in five variants with two factors, diatomite (three doses) and bioinoculant Trichoderma asperellum\u0000Td85 strain. Diatomite was local from the Pătârlagele deposit (Buzău County) and antagonistic fungus was from\u0000the collection of microorganisms of Research and Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest. The\u0000fauna on the soil surface was collected using Barber traps, replaced every two weeks from June to October. The\u0000ecological parameters of abundance, dominance, constancy and ecological significance have been calculated\u0000using specific formulas. Specific attributes of the two products, diatomite and bioinoculant Trichoderma,\u0000reflected on the ecological and structural characteristics of invertebrate communities.\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115494105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Turcu, Agurița Aftudor Manolache, Ionel Perju, S. Chelaru, M. Corneanu
"The researches were carried out in 2019 in an apple plantation with Jonathan, Golden Delicious, Starkrimson varieties grafted on MM106 in the fields of the Fălticeni Development Centre belonging to the Development Research Station for Fruit Growing Iași (North Eastern Romania). The climatic conditions in 2019 were favorable for the development of pathogens Venturia inaequalis, Podosphaera leucotricha and Monilinia fructigena. In the conditions of fungicide treatments, the varieties sensitive to apple scab on fruits were Starkrimson and Golden Delicious with an attack degree between 4.5 and 10.5%. Pest species Cydia pomonella and Adoxophyes reticulana showed a frequency of attack of 45% and 15%, respectively in the case of untreated control. The results of the studies highlight the importance of applying phytosanitary treatments correlated with climatic conditions and resistance of varieties to the attack of diseases and pests."
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON CHEMICAL CONTROL OF MAIN PATHOGENS AND PESTS IN AN APPLE ORCHARD IN NORTHEASTERN ROMANIA IN 2019","authors":"C. Turcu, Agurița Aftudor Manolache, Ionel Perju, S. Chelaru, M. Corneanu","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.13.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.13.16","url":null,"abstract":"\"The researches were carried out in 2019 in an apple plantation with Jonathan, Golden Delicious,\u0000Starkrimson varieties grafted on MM106 in the fields of the Fălticeni Development Centre belonging to the\u0000Development Research Station for Fruit Growing Iași (North Eastern Romania). The climatic conditions in 2019\u0000were favorable for the development of pathogens Venturia inaequalis, Podosphaera leucotricha and Monilinia\u0000fructigena. In the conditions of fungicide treatments, the varieties sensitive to apple scab on fruits were\u0000Starkrimson and Golden Delicious with an attack degree between 4.5 and 10.5%. Pest species Cydia pomonella\u0000and Adoxophyes reticulana showed a frequency of attack of 45% and 15%, respectively in the case of untreated\u0000control. The results of the studies highlight the importance of applying phytosanitary treatments correlated with\u0000climatic conditions and resistance of varieties to the attack of diseases and pests.\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124506136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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