E. Trotuș, C. Mincea, Paula-Lucelia Pintilie, Roxana-Georgiana Amarghioalei, Roxana Zaharia
In the period 2019-2022, at A.R.D.S. Secuieni through the implementation of the ADER 2.2.1. project, the series of observations and determinations on appearance and evolution of harmful entomofauna in rapeseed, sunflower and corn crops continued. The pests monitoring was carried out by ground surveys with a metric frame (25/25 cm), yellow bowl traps, Barber and yellow glue traps from crop emergence until plants mature. The collected material was subjected to a mathematical analysis to calculate the ecological parameters: abundance (A), dominance (D), constancy (C) and the index of ecological significance (W) which highlight the characteristics of the analyzed biocenosis. Recorded data showed that in rapeseed, the harmful entomofauna included 20 pest species that totalled on average 1207 specimens per year, whose abundance had maximum values of 523 specimens/year at the species Ceuthorynchus pallidactylus. The rapeseed species were classified into four classes of dominance, four classes of constancy and five classes of the ecological significance index. In sunflower, the harmful entomofauna consisted of 16 species, which totalled an average of 504 specimens annually, with abundance values between 1 and 182 specimens. Of the 16 species, three were classified in the D5 dominance class, two in the D4 class, five in the D3 class, and six in the D1 class as well as in classes C1 and C2. In terms of the index of ecological significance, Harpalus sp. fell into the W3 class, the rest of species being into the W1 and W2 classes. In corn, the entomofauna was also composed of 16 species totalling an average of 3720 specimens/year. The species Diabrotica virgifera virgifera had the highest abundance (2388 specimens) classified in the class of D5 dominance, C3 constancy and W5 index of ecological significance. The entomofauna harmful to rapeseed, sunflower and corn crops is quite numerous in terms of species and specimens number, which requires permanent monitoring and the application of appropriate measures to prevent attacks and control.
{"title":"NEW DATA ON KNOWLEDGE OF PEST ENTOMOFAUNA AND ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR RAPESEED, SUNFLOWER AND CORN CROPS","authors":"E. Trotuș, C. Mincea, Paula-Lucelia Pintilie, Roxana-Georgiana Amarghioalei, Roxana Zaharia","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.15.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.15.08","url":null,"abstract":"In the period 2019-2022, at A.R.D.S. Secuieni through the implementation of the ADER 2.2.1. project, the series of observations and determinations on appearance and evolution of harmful entomofauna in rapeseed, sunflower and corn crops continued. The pests monitoring was carried out by ground surveys with a metric frame (25/25 cm), yellow bowl traps, Barber and yellow glue traps from crop emergence until plants mature. The collected material was subjected to a mathematical analysis to calculate the ecological parameters: abundance (A), dominance (D), constancy (C) and the index of ecological significance (W) which highlight the characteristics of the analyzed biocenosis. Recorded data showed that in rapeseed, the harmful entomofauna included 20 pest species that totalled on average 1207 specimens per year, whose abundance had maximum values of 523 specimens/year at the species Ceuthorynchus pallidactylus. The rapeseed species were classified into four classes of dominance, four classes of constancy and five classes of the ecological significance index. In sunflower, the harmful entomofauna consisted of 16 species, which totalled an average of 504 specimens annually, with abundance values between 1 and 182 specimens. Of the 16 species, three were classified in the D5 dominance class, two in the D4 class, five in the D3 class, and six in the D1 class as well as in classes C1 and C2. In terms of the index of ecological significance, Harpalus sp. fell into the W3 class, the rest of species being into the W1 and W2 classes. In corn, the entomofauna was also composed of 16 species totalling an average of 3720 specimens/year. The species Diabrotica virgifera virgifera had the highest abundance (2388 specimens) classified in the class of D5 dominance, C3 constancy and W5 index of ecological significance. The entomofauna harmful to rapeseed, sunflower and corn crops is quite numerous in terms of species and specimens number, which requires permanent monitoring and the application of appropriate measures to prevent attacks and control.","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132133636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mureșanu, D. Malschi, L. Suciu, F. Chețan, C. Urdǎ, L. Șopterean, A. Vălean, Vasile Oltean, Gabriel Barșon, F. Russu
"In order to protect agroecosystems and to optimize soybean crop yield from the Transylvanian Plain, the adoption of complex methods of sustainable management with minimal impact on the environment has now become a challenge. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research-Development Station Turda in 2018, to provide the best methods for the development of an Integrated Management System (IMS) for phytosanitary soybean crop risks. The field factorial experiment was based on a subdivided parcel design with two replications. Experimental models for soybean crop protection have been developed. Field research was carried out for analyzing the technological (agricultural practices), biological (diseases, insects, pests) and environmental (climate change, methods of improving soil fertility with phytosanitary risk by applying environmentally friendly products) factors affecting soybean crop yield and quality. An entomological sampling strategy (pheromone traps, plant surveys) was used for evaluating the IMS environmental risk and methods for increasing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors were also studied. The obtained data was correlated with the production values for the 3 experimental factors: the tillage system, fertilization and treatments. The following pests were recorded, soil pests Coleoptera, Agriotes larvae, Opatrum, dipterans Delia platura and D. florilega, vectors of viruses and phytoplasmoses, cicadas, aphids, trips and the common red spider Tetranychus urticae, defoliating omissions Vanessa cardui, owls Autographa gamma, Mamestra suasa, M. oleracea, Agrotis segetum) etc. In the climatic conditions of 2018, most frequent pathogens were downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica and bacterial blight Pseudomonas glycinae."
{"title":"SOYBEAN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT FOR PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE","authors":"F. Mureșanu, D. Malschi, L. Suciu, F. Chețan, C. Urdǎ, L. Șopterean, A. Vălean, Vasile Oltean, Gabriel Barșon, F. Russu","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.13.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.13.02","url":null,"abstract":"\"In order to protect agroecosystems and to optimize soybean crop yield from the Transylvanian Plain,\u0000the adoption of complex methods of sustainable management with minimal impact on the environment has now\u0000become a challenge. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research-Development Station\u0000Turda in 2018, to provide the best methods for the development of an Integrated Management System (IMS) for\u0000phytosanitary soybean crop risks. The field factorial experiment was based on a subdivided parcel design with\u0000two replications. Experimental models for soybean crop protection have been developed. Field research was\u0000carried out for analyzing the technological (agricultural practices), biological (diseases, insects, pests) and\u0000environmental (climate change, methods of improving soil fertility with phytosanitary risk by applying\u0000environmentally friendly products) factors affecting soybean crop yield and quality. An entomological sampling\u0000strategy (pheromone traps, plant surveys) was used for evaluating the IMS environmental risk and methods for\u0000increasing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors were also studied. The obtained data was correlated\u0000with the production values for the 3 experimental factors: the tillage system, fertilization and treatments. The\u0000following pests were recorded, soil pests Coleoptera, Agriotes larvae, Opatrum, dipterans Delia platura and D.\u0000florilega, vectors of viruses and phytoplasmoses, cicadas, aphids, trips and the common red spider Tetranychus\u0000urticae, defoliating omissions Vanessa cardui, owls Autographa gamma, Mamestra suasa, M. oleracea, Agrotis\u0000segetum) etc. In the climatic conditions of 2018, most frequent pathogens were downy mildew (Peronospora\u0000manshurica and bacterial blight Pseudomonas glycinae.\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124861046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After more years since the first notification, the following species of pests Metcalfa pruinosa, Nezara viridula and Halyomorpha halys are still present in agroecosystems in Romania. The high polyphagism, the easy adaptability to new areas and host plant species as well as the lack of a well-defined strategy to fight are characteristics that have contributed to maintaining an active population that still produces damage. Through the present paper, we have proposed to bring attention to their evolution since their first signalling on various plant species from various agroecosystems. We also focused on the current analysis of the numerical level of the active and inactive stages and the damages produced in agricultural and horticultural crops in the west of the country, in period 2020-2022. As a result of the evolution study, it was found that all 3 targeted species are still present on a large number of plant species from agro-horticultural crops composition (both in open or closed spaces). The active (nymphs and adults) and inactive (eggs) stages were observed on the analysed plants and their level was high especially in the species of M. pruinosa and H. halys, while the species of N. viridula species, registered a slight decrease. Thus, the damages produced were commensurate with the numerical level. Continuous monitoring of these highly agile polyphagous pests is necessary to prevent the gradual increase in populations in public places (parks) and the extension to plants in agroecosystems.
{"title":"THE EVOLUTION OF THE METCALFA PRUINOSA, NEZARA VIRIDULA AND HALYOMORPHA HALYS SPECIES SINCE THE FIRST REPORTING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS IN ROMANIA","authors":"I. Grozea, M. Costea, R. Ștef, A. Vîrteiu","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.15.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.15.06","url":null,"abstract":"After more years since the first notification, the following species of pests Metcalfa pruinosa, Nezara viridula and Halyomorpha halys are still present in agroecosystems in Romania. The high polyphagism, the easy adaptability to new areas and host plant species as well as the lack of a well-defined strategy to fight are characteristics that have contributed to maintaining an active population that still produces damage. Through the present paper, we have proposed to bring attention to their evolution since their first signalling on various plant species from various agroecosystems. We also focused on the current analysis of the numerical level of the active and inactive stages and the damages produced in agricultural and horticultural crops in the west of the country, in period 2020-2022. As a result of the evolution study, it was found that all 3 targeted species are still present on a large number of plant species from agro-horticultural crops composition (both in open or closed spaces). The active (nymphs and adults) and inactive (eggs) stages were observed on the analysed plants and their level was high especially in the species of M. pruinosa and H. halys, while the species of N. viridula species, registered a slight decrease. Thus, the damages produced were commensurate with the numerical level. Continuous monitoring of these highly agile polyphagous pests is necessary to prevent the gradual increase in populations in public places (parks) and the extension to plants in agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126148437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reviews the possible biological control of grapevine downy mildew Plasmopara viticola. Often, when the climatic conditions are very favorable for the emergence and manifestation of the disease, the chemical treatment has a low efficiency, this phytopathogen producing significant damage, including as a result of the formation of resistant strains. A modern method of combating it is biological control using microorganisms bacteria and fungi which can inhibit through their presence directly or indirectly the growth and multiplication of the fungus, which we present in this paper.
{"title":"THE USE OF BIOPREPARATIONS WITH BACTERIA AND FUNGI TO CONTROL DOWNY MILDEW (Plasmopara vitícola) AND REDUCE CHEMICAL TREATMENTS","authors":"Marin Lixandru, S. Fendrihan","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.15.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.15.12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the possible biological control of grapevine downy mildew Plasmopara viticola. Often, when the climatic conditions are very favorable for the emergence and manifestation of the disease, the chemical treatment has a low efficiency, this phytopathogen producing significant damage, including as a result of the formation of resistant strains. A modern method of combating it is biological control using microorganisms bacteria and fungi which can inhibit through their presence directly or indirectly the growth and multiplication of the fungus, which we present in this paper.","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122240723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Urdǎ, L. Suciu, F. Mureșanu, L. Păcurar, N. Tritean, Adrian Negrea, I. Crișan, R. Rezi, F. Russu, A. Tărău
"In order to evaluate the effect of soil tillage system, fertilization and also different treatments applied to seeds on chemical composition in soybean crop, a field experiment was conducted at Research and Development Station for Agriculture Turda in 2020. Teo TD, an early soybean variety developed at RDSA Turda and registered in 2017 was used as a biological material. The compared tillage systems were: conventional tillage (plowing), reduced tillage (chisel or disk) and also no-tillage system. Four different mineral and organic fertilizers (N40P40, N40P40 + gulle, N40P40 + green fertilizer, N40P40 + gulle + green fertilizer) and various treatments applied to seeds (fungicide, insecticide, fungicide + insecticide, untreated) were also studied. All data were subjected to ANOVA using Polifact. Chemical composition (protein content, oil content, stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2), and linolenic acid (18:3)) of Teo TD seeds was analyzed using NIR spectroscopy. Significant differences between some tillage systems and fertilizers were recorded in protein content, fat content and also stearic, oleic and linolenic acids content. The treatments applied to seeds influenced very significant the stearic acid and oleic acid, distinct significant the linoleic acid and significant the protein content."
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLAGE SYSTEM, FERTILIZER AND TREATMENT APPLIED TO SEEDS ON SOYBEAN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION","authors":"C. Urdǎ, L. Suciu, F. Mureșanu, L. Păcurar, N. Tritean, Adrian Negrea, I. Crișan, R. Rezi, F. Russu, A. Tărău","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.14.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.14.03","url":null,"abstract":"\"In order to evaluate the effect of soil tillage system, fertilization and also different treatments applied\u0000to seeds on chemical composition in soybean crop, a field experiment was conducted at Research and\u0000Development Station for Agriculture Turda in 2020. Teo TD, an early soybean variety developed at RDSA\u0000Turda and registered in 2017 was used as a biological material. The compared tillage systems were: conventional\u0000tillage (plowing), reduced tillage (chisel or disk) and also no-tillage system. Four different mineral and organic\u0000fertilizers (N40P40, N40P40 + gulle, N40P40 + green fertilizer, N40P40 + gulle + green fertilizer) and various\u0000treatments applied to seeds (fungicide, insecticide, fungicide + insecticide, untreated) were also studied. All data\u0000were subjected to ANOVA using Polifact. Chemical composition (protein content, oil content, stearic acid\u0000(18:0), oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2), and linolenic acid (18:3)) of Teo TD seeds was analyzed using NIR\u0000spectroscopy. Significant differences between some tillage systems and fertilizers were recorded in protein\u0000content, fat content and also stearic, oleic and linolenic acids content. The treatments applied to seeds influenced\u0000very significant the stearic acid and oleic acid, distinct significant the linoleic acid and significant the protein\u0000content.\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124450029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roxana-Violeta Mustățea, A. Teodoru, C. Chireceanu
The global phenomenon of biological invasion is a prevailing and important subject of research, with major negative social and economic consequences, representing a real threat for the native biodiversity of invaded countries. The main elements that favour the entering and spreading of invasive insect pest species into new territories are the intensive trade of goods between different regions, tourism and the on-going climate changes which are predicted to become more severe. Early detection and monitoring of the invasive organisms are essential steps of the foundation of an appropriate and efficient management. The problem of alien invasive species, especially those of agricultural importance, has been an on-going concern for the community of researchers at the Research and Development Institute for Plant Protection in Bucharest, Romania, who have made it the subject of numerous studies and research papers published and incorporated in national and international journals and projects.
{"title":"THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE FOR PLANT PROTECTION TO THE FIRST DETECTION OF INVASIVE INSECT PEST SPECIES IN ROMANIA","authors":"Roxana-Violeta Mustățea, A. Teodoru, C. Chireceanu","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.15.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.15.07","url":null,"abstract":"The global phenomenon of biological invasion is a prevailing and important subject of research, with major negative social and economic consequences, representing a real threat for the native biodiversity of invaded countries. The main elements that favour the entering and spreading of invasive insect pest species into new territories are the intensive trade of goods between different regions, tourism and the on-going climate changes which are predicted to become more severe. Early detection and monitoring of the invasive organisms are essential steps of the foundation of an appropriate and efficient management. The problem of alien invasive species, especially those of agricultural importance, has been an on-going concern for the community of researchers at the Research and Development Institute for Plant Protection in Bucharest, Romania, who have made it the subject of numerous studies and research papers published and incorporated in national and international journals and projects.","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124727404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicotiana glauca it is naturally distributed throughout South America. It was introduced in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania and arrived to the Canary Islands as an ornamental plant, where has been invading altered soils. Endophytic fungi are known to produce active compounds that provide protection to their host against diseases and attack of herbivores, these microorganisms being an interesting source of novel molecules. So far, the endophytic fungal communities of Nicotiana have not been studied in the Canary Islands. The goal of this study is to evaluate the diversity of the fungal endophytes community associated with Nicotiana glauca. A total of 36 fungal species were isolated from roots, stems and leaves of plants collected in three locations from Tenerife Island - San Miguel de Abona, Fasnia and Puerto de la Cruz. The highest species richness values were found in leaves and stems (Margalef index = 3.33 and 3.36, respectively) versus roots (Margalef index = 2.52). Simpson's index complements the results of the Margalef index, indicating a fungal community with a high dominance value in roots (D = 0.65) due to the presence of multiple Fusarium species. Fungal community in Fasnia had the highest value of species richness (Margalef index = 3.69 versus 2.17 and 2.27 for San Miguel de Abona and Puerto de la Cruz, respectively). Results indicate fungal specificity to organ and location with 13 genera isolated from a single location and organ, among which rare species like Collariella and Gelasinospora. In this study was detected and isolated for the first time in Canary Islands the fungal species Collariella hilkhuijsenii which is of importance for the ecology of this genus scarcely known. Special attention should be offered to the presence of Fusarium, which possibly relates to the alkaloid production ability of both, the plant and the fungal strains.
烟灰自然分布于整个南美洲。它被引入北美、欧洲、非洲、亚洲和大洋洲，并作为观赏植物抵达加那利群岛，在那里已经入侵了改变的土壤。众所周知，内生真菌可以产生活性化合物，保护宿主免受疾病和食草动物的攻击，这些微生物是新分子的有趣来源。到目前为止，还没有在加那利群岛研究烟草的内生真菌群落。本研究的目的是评估与白烟相关的真菌内生菌群落的多样性。从特内里费岛San Miguel de Abona、Fasnia和Puerto de la Cruz三个地点采集的植物的根、茎和叶中分离出36种真菌。物种丰富度最高的是叶片和茎(Margalef指数分别为3.33和3.36)，根系(Margalef指数为2.52)。Simpson’s指数补充了Margalef指数的结果，表明由于存在多种镰刀菌，真菌群落在根系中具有较高的优势值(D = 0.65)。Fasnia真菌群落物种丰富度最高(Margalef指数为3.69,San Miguel de Abona和Puerto de la Cruz分别为2.17和2.27)。结果表明，从单一地点和器官分离到的真菌有13属，其中Collariella和Gelasinospora等属较为罕见。本研究首次在加那利群岛发现并分离到一种对该属生态学知之甚少的真菌种colllariella hilkhuijsenii。应特别注意镰刀菌的存在，这可能与植物和真菌菌株的生物碱生产能力有关。
{"title":"ENDOPHYTIC FUNGAL COMMUNITY OF ALIEN Nicotiana glauca IN TENERIFE, CANARY ISLANDS","authors":"Guacimara Espinel, C. Giménez, R. Cabrera","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.15.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.15.3","url":null,"abstract":"Nicotiana glauca it is naturally distributed throughout South America. It was introduced in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania and arrived to the Canary Islands as an ornamental plant, where has been invading altered soils. Endophytic fungi are known to produce active compounds that provide protection to their host against diseases and attack of herbivores, these microorganisms being an interesting source of novel molecules. So far, the endophytic fungal communities of Nicotiana have not been studied in the Canary Islands. The goal of this study is to evaluate the diversity of the fungal endophytes community associated with Nicotiana glauca. A total of 36 fungal species were isolated from roots, stems and leaves of plants collected in three locations from Tenerife Island - San Miguel de Abona, Fasnia and Puerto de la Cruz. The highest species richness values were found in leaves and stems (Margalef index = 3.33 and 3.36, respectively) versus roots (Margalef index = 2.52). Simpson's index complements the results of the Margalef index, indicating a fungal community with a high dominance value in roots (D = 0.65) due to the presence of multiple Fusarium species. Fungal community in Fasnia had the highest value of species richness (Margalef index = 3.69 versus 2.17 and 2.27 for San Miguel de Abona and Puerto de la Cruz, respectively). Results indicate fungal specificity to organ and location with 13 genera isolated from a single location and organ, among which rare species like Collariella and Gelasinospora. In this study was detected and isolated for the first time in Canary Islands the fungal species Collariella hilkhuijsenii which is of importance for the ecology of this genus scarcely known. Special attention should be offered to the presence of Fusarium, which possibly relates to the alkaloid production ability of both, the plant and the fungal strains.","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114146246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Amuza, Roxana Zaharia, A. Gheorghe, E. Georgescu, G. Trașcă, Maria Podea, Paula Pintilie, A. Șapcaliu, C. Mincea
" Romania registered in the last years record productions for maize, being in 2019, on the first place in Europe and also, according to Eurostat data, the eighth agricultural power in Europe. The European Commission closely monitors the possible relations between bee health and pesticides and is determined to take the most cautious approach possible to protect bees. In 2013, the European Commission severely restricted the use of plant protection products for seed treatment and treated seeds containing three neonicotinoids (clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) in order to protect honeybees (Regulation (EU) No 485/2013). Due to the restrictions imposed on Romanian farmers, they are facing an alarming increase in the population density of some soil pests, the most dangerous being Tanymecus dilaticollis and Agriotes spp., no other insecticides being available for maize seed treatment against T. dilaticollis in Romania. In this context, since 2018, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development together with the Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences funded researches to monitor populations of T. dilaticollis and Agriotes spp., but also the residues level of neonicotinoid insecticides from soil, plants in various development stages (leaves and inflorescences), as well as in bees and hive products (pollen, honey). Studies were performed in three areas of Romania, respectively, Moldova (Neamt County) and south of country (Calarasi County) where T. dilaticollis exceed the economic damage threshold (4-5 adults/sqm) and Subcarpathian hills (Arges county), where Agriotes spp. populations exceed the economic damage threshold (2-4 larvae/sqm), areas where maize is the main crop. Regarding the evolution of maize leaf weevil an wireworms population in the period 2018-2020, from the data obtained it can be observed that the number of adults/sqm has remained above the economic damage threshold. Regarding neonicotinoids residues monitoring, the samples were taken from maize crops at various growth stages, including inflorescences, from bees, pollen and honey samples, too. Residues levels were determined in accredited laboratories from Germany, France and Bulgaria using certificated methods. Of the total samples, most with residues content above LOQ (limits of quantification), are soil samples, an absolutely normal situation, as the neonicotinoids were applied as seed treatment. It is also very important to mention that the lowest percentage of samples with residues above the limit of quantification, was recorded in inflorescences, honey and bees samples, the annual deviations being insignificant. It has to be highlighted that the environmental factors, especially the humidity, influenced the repeatability of the results (for example: the rainfalls during the sowing period favored the toxic substances levigation in soil)."
“根据欧盟统计局的数据，罗马尼亚去年的玉米产量创历史新高，在2019年位居欧洲第一，也是欧洲第八大农业大国。欧盟委员会密切关注蜜蜂健康和杀虫剂之间可能存在的关系，并决心采取尽可能谨慎的措施来保护蜜蜂。2013年，欧盟委员会严格限制植物保护产品用于种子处理和含有三种新烟碱类(噻虫胺、吡虫啉和噻虫嗪)的处理种子，以保护蜜蜂(法规(EU) No 485/2013)。由于对罗马尼亚农民的限制，他们正面临一些土壤害虫种群密度的惊人增长，其中最危险的是扩张锥蝽和Agriotes，罗马尼亚没有其他杀虫剂可用于玉米种子处理扩张锥蝽。在此背景下，自2018年以来，农业和农村发展部与农林科学院共同资助了一项研究，以监测dilaticollis和Agriotes spp.的种群，以及土壤、不同发育阶段的植物(叶片和花序)以及蜜蜂和蜂箱产品(花粉、蜂蜜)中新烟碱类杀虫剂的残留水平。研究分别在罗马尼亚的三个地区进行，分别是摩尔多瓦(Neamt县)和该国南部(Calarasi县)，dilaticollis超过经济损害阈值(4-5成虫/平方米)，以及以玉米为主要作物的Subcarpathian山区(Arges县)，Agriotes种群数量超过经济损害阈值(2-4幼虫/平方米)。2018-2020年玉米叶象鼻虫和线虫种群的演变，从数据可以看出，成虫/ m2数量保持在经济损失阈值以上。在新烟碱残留监测方面，样本取自不同生长阶段的玉米作物，包括花序、蜜蜂、花粉和蜂蜜样本。残留物水平由德国、法国和保加利亚的认可实验室使用认证方法测定。在所有样品中，残留量高于定量限的大多数是土壤样品，这是绝对正常的情况，因为新烟碱类是作为种子处理使用的。值得注意的是，在花序、蜂蜜和蜜蜂样本中，残留超过定量限度的样品所占比例最低，年度偏差不显著。必须强调的是，环境因素，特别是湿度，影响了结果的可重复性(例如:播种期间的降雨有利于土壤中有毒物质的流动)。”
{"title":"IMPACT OF NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES RESIDUES APPLIED AS SEED TREATMENTS ON MAIZE AND ON BEES AND HIVE PRODUCTS","authors":"A. Amuza, Roxana Zaharia, A. Gheorghe, E. Georgescu, G. Trașcă, Maria Podea, Paula Pintilie, A. Șapcaliu, C. Mincea","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.14.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.14.13","url":null,"abstract":"\" Romania registered in the last years record productions for maize, being in 2019, on the first place in\u0000Europe and also, according to Eurostat data, the eighth agricultural power in Europe. The European Commission\u0000closely monitors the possible relations between bee health and pesticides and is determined to take the most\u0000cautious approach possible to protect bees. In 2013, the European Commission severely restricted the use of plant\u0000protection products for seed treatment and treated seeds containing three neonicotinoids (clothianidin,\u0000imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) in order to protect honeybees (Regulation (EU) No 485/2013). Due to the\u0000restrictions imposed on Romanian farmers, they are facing an alarming increase in the population density of some\u0000soil pests, the most dangerous being Tanymecus dilaticollis and Agriotes spp., no other insecticides being available\u0000for maize seed treatment against T. dilaticollis in Romania. In this context, since 2018, the Ministry of Agriculture\u0000and Rural Development together with the Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences funded researches to\u0000monitor populations of T. dilaticollis and Agriotes spp., but also the residues level of neonicotinoid insecticides\u0000from soil, plants in various development stages (leaves and inflorescences), as well as in bees and hive products\u0000(pollen, honey). Studies were performed in three areas of Romania, respectively, Moldova (Neamt County) and\u0000south of country (Calarasi County) where T. dilaticollis exceed the economic damage threshold (4-5 adults/sqm)\u0000and Subcarpathian hills (Arges county), where Agriotes spp. populations exceed the economic damage threshold\u0000(2-4 larvae/sqm), areas where maize is the main crop. Regarding the evolution of maize leaf weevil an wireworms\u0000population in the period 2018-2020, from the data obtained it can be observed that the number of adults/sqm has\u0000remained above the economic damage threshold. Regarding neonicotinoids residues monitoring, the samples were\u0000taken from maize crops at various growth stages, including inflorescences, from bees, pollen and honey samples,\u0000too. Residues levels were determined in accredited laboratories from Germany, France and Bulgaria using\u0000certificated methods. Of the total samples, most with residues content above LOQ (limits of quantification), are\u0000soil samples, an absolutely normal situation, as the neonicotinoids were applied as seed treatment. It is also very\u0000important to mention that the lowest percentage of samples with residues above the limit of quantification, was\u0000recorded in inflorescences, honey and bees samples, the annual deviations being insignificant. It has to be\u0000highlighted that the environmental factors, especially the humidity, influenced the repeatability of the results (for\u0000example: the rainfalls during the sowing period favored the toxic substances levigation in soil).\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"321 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115749254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
" The stone fruits occupy an important place in the human diet due to their complex chemical composition such as sugars, free organic acids, pectic substances and vitamins. The main damage of economic importance to the stone fruit species is caused by the monilia disease caused by the fungus Monilia laxa (Aderhold et Ruhland). The disease can affect several host tissues these include blossom blight, shoot blight, fruit blight and brown fruit rot. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the attack produced by the pathogen on peach, apricot and plum from the first decade of May until the second decade of August in Experimental Field of Horticulture Faculty, USAMV Bucharest in 2019. Results showed that plums had the highest attack rate (14%) and the lowest was in apricots (0.8%). It should be noted that monilia disease is a major threat for stone fruit trees because of its aggressive manifestation on the fruit, especially in plums and peaches."
“核果因其复杂的化学成分，如糖、游离有机酸、果胶物质和维生素，在人类饮食中占有重要地位。对核果物种造成经济危害的主要是由真菌monilia laxa(Aderhold et Ruhland)引起的念珠菌病。该病害可影响几种寄主组织，包括花枯萎病、梢枯萎病、果实枯萎病和褐果腐病。本研究的目的是评估2019年在USAMV布加勒斯特园艺学院实验田，从5月的第一个十年到8月的第二个十年，桃、杏和李病原体的侵袭。结果表明，李子侵染率最高(14%)，杏侵染率最低(0.8%)。应该注意的是，念珠菌病是核桃树的主要威胁，因为它在果实上表现出侵略性，特别是在李子和桃子上。
{"title":"PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON BEHAVIOR OF APRICOT, PEACH AND PLUM TO MONILINIA SPP. IN EXPERIMENTAL FIELD OF USAMV BUCHAREST","authors":"A. Gheorghe, Ion Leveanu, A. Amuza","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.13.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.13.12","url":null,"abstract":"\" The stone fruits occupy an important place in the human diet due to their complex chemical\u0000composition such as sugars, free organic acids, pectic substances and vitamins. The main damage of economic\u0000importance to the stone fruit species is caused by the monilia disease caused by the fungus Monilia laxa\u0000(Aderhold et Ruhland). The disease can affect several host tissues these include blossom blight, shoot blight,\u0000fruit blight and brown fruit rot. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the attack produced by the pathogen\u0000on peach, apricot and plum from the first decade of May until the second decade of August in Experimental\u0000Field of Horticulture Faculty, USAMV Bucharest in 2019. Results showed that plums had the highest attack rate\u0000(14%) and the lowest was in apricots (0.8%). It should be noted that monilia disease is a major threat for stone\u0000fruit trees because of its aggressive manifestation on the fruit, especially in plums and peaches.\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121998927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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