The authors fulfilled calculations of the total energy and electronic states of CdnSen nanoparticle:“wurzite”, “sphalerite” and “rock-salt” types of the structure. It was shown that at n ≤ 72 the “rock-salt” type is the most favorable energetically. However the extrapolation of the behavior of the energy per Cd-Se atomic pair shows that for n > 130 (corresponding to a size of about 2 nm), particles with a “wurtzite” structure can be more advantageous. Particles of the “wurtzite” and “rock-salt” types have an electronic structure with an energy gap. For particles with the “wurtzite”structure, the gap width decreases with increasing particle size: from 3.3 eV to 2.2 eV as the particle increases from 0.5 nm to 1.5 nm. For particles of the “rock-salt” type, the gap width grows slightly, remaining about 3 eV.“Sphalerite”-type particles have a metal-like electronic structure.
{"title":"Total Energy and Electronic States of CdSe Nanoparticles","authors":"V. Zavodinsky, O. Gorkusha, A. Kuzmenko","doi":"10.30564/ssid.v4i1.4420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ssid.v4i1.4420","url":null,"abstract":"The authors fulfilled calculations of the total energy and electronic states of CdnSen nanoparticle:“wurzite”, “sphalerite” and “rock-salt” types of the structure. It was shown that at n ≤ 72 the “rock-salt” type is the most favorable energetically. However the extrapolation of the behavior of the energy per Cd-Se atomic pair shows that for n > 130 (corresponding to a size of about 2 nm), particles with a “wurtzite” structure can be more advantageous. Particles of the “wurtzite” and “rock-salt” types have an electronic structure with an energy gap. For particles with the “wurtzite”structure, the gap width decreases with increasing particle size: from 3.3 eV to 2.2 eV as the particle increases from 0.5 nm to 1.5 nm. For particles of the “rock-salt” type, the gap width grows slightly, remaining about 3 eV.“Sphalerite”-type particles have a metal-like electronic structure.","PeriodicalId":315789,"journal":{"name":"Semiconductor Science and Information Devices","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129611950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Tun, Khin Kyu Kyu Win, Z. Naing, Devasis Pradhan, P. K. Sahu
The system analysis of specific absorption rate (SAR) in human body exposed to a base station antenna by using finite difference time domain techniques was presented in this research works. The objectives of this work are to evaluate the knowledge and awareness about SAR among human body and mobile base station. The paper investigates the electromagnetic wave absorption inside a human body. The human body has been identified using dataset based on 2D object considering different electrical parameters.The SAR convinced inside the human body model exposed to a radiating base station antenna (BSA) has been considered for multiple numbers of carrier frequencies and input power of 20 W/carrier at GSM 900 band.The distance (R) of human body from BSA is varied in the range of 0.1 m to 5.0 m. For the number of carrier frequency equal to one and R = 0.1 m,the concentrated value of whole-body average SAR obtained by FDTD technique is found to be 0.68 W/kg which decreases either with increase of R or decrease of number of carrier frequencies. Safety distance for general public is found to be 1.5 m for number of carrier frequencies equal to one.The performance accuracy of this analysis meets the high level condition by comparing with the relevant system development in recent time.
{"title":"Measurement Analysis of Specific Absorption Rate in Human Body Exposed to a Base Station Antenna by Using Finite Difference Time Domain Techniques","authors":"H. Tun, Khin Kyu Kyu Win, Z. Naing, Devasis Pradhan, P. K. Sahu","doi":"10.30564/ssid.v3i2.3861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ssid.v3i2.3861","url":null,"abstract":"The system analysis of specific absorption rate (SAR) in human body exposed to a base station antenna by using finite difference time domain techniques was presented in this research works. The objectives of this work are to evaluate the knowledge and awareness about SAR among human body and mobile base station. The paper investigates the electromagnetic wave absorption inside a human body. The human body has been identified using dataset based on 2D object considering different electrical parameters.The SAR convinced inside the human body model exposed to a radiating base station antenna (BSA) has been considered for multiple numbers of carrier frequencies and input power of 20 W/carrier at GSM 900 band.The distance (R) of human body from BSA is varied in the range of 0.1 m to 5.0 m. For the number of carrier frequency equal to one and R = 0.1 m,the concentrated value of whole-body average SAR obtained by FDTD technique is found to be 0.68 W/kg which decreases either with increase of R or decrease of number of carrier frequencies. Safety distance for general public is found to be 1.5 m for number of carrier frequencies equal to one.The performance accuracy of this analysis meets the high level condition by comparing with the relevant system development in recent time.","PeriodicalId":315789,"journal":{"name":"Semiconductor Science and Information Devices","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123949382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as a biosensor. The FBGs were etched using a chemical agent,namely,hydrofluoric acid (HF). This implies the removal of some part of the cladding layer. Consequently, the evanescent field propagating out of the core will be closer to the environment and become more sensitive to the change in the surrounding. The proposed FBG sensor was utilized to detect toxic heavy metal ions aqueous medium namely, copper ions (Cu2+). Two FBG sensors were etched with 20 and 40 μm diameters and fabricated. The sensors were studied towards Cu2+ with different concentrations using wavelength shift as a result of the interaction between the evanescent field and copper ions. The FBG sensors showed a good response in terms of significant wavelength shift in corresponding to varying Cu2+ concentrations when immersed in aqueous mediums. The sensors exhibited excellent repeatability towards Cu ions.The results demonstrate that the smaller FBG etching diameter, the better optical response in terms of wavelength and linearity.
{"title":"Cladding Modified Fiber Bragg Grating for Copper Ions Detection","authors":"H. A. Mohammed, Aqiel Almamori, A. Alwahib","doi":"10.30564/ssid.v3i2.3749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ssid.v3i2.3749","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as a biosensor. The FBGs were etched using a chemical agent,namely,hydrofluoric acid (HF). This implies the removal of some part of the cladding layer. Consequently, the evanescent field propagating out of the core will be closer to the environment and become more sensitive to the change in the surrounding. The proposed FBG sensor was utilized to detect toxic heavy metal ions aqueous medium namely, copper ions (Cu2+). Two FBG sensors were etched with 20 and 40 μm diameters and fabricated. The sensors were studied towards Cu2+ with different concentrations using wavelength shift as a result of the interaction between the evanescent field and copper ions. The FBG sensors showed a good response in terms of significant wavelength shift in corresponding to varying Cu2+ concentrations when immersed in aqueous mediums. The sensors exhibited excellent repeatability towards Cu ions.The results demonstrate that the smaller FBG etching diameter, the better optical response in terms of wavelength and linearity. ","PeriodicalId":315789,"journal":{"name":"Semiconductor Science and Information Devices","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127727620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the absence of specialized encryption hardware,cryptographic operations must be performed in main memory.As such,it is common place for cyber criminals to examine the content of main memory with a view to retrieving high-value data in plaintext form and/or the associated decryption key.In this paper,the author presents a number of simple methods for identifying and extracting cryptographic keys from memory dumps of software applications that utilize the Microsoft .NET Framework,as well as sourcecode level countermeasures to protect against same.Given the EXE file of an application and a basic knowledge of the cryptographic libraries utilized in the .NET Framework,the author shows how to create a memory dump of a running application and how to extract cryptographic keys from same using WinDBG - without any prior knowledge of the cryptographic key utilized.Whilst the proof-of-concept application utilized as part of this paper uses an implementation of the DES cipher,it should be noted that the steps shown can be utilized against all three generations of symmetric and asymmetric ciphers supported within the .NET Framework.
{"title":"Extracting Cryptographic Keys from .NET Applications","authors":"Shaun Mc Brearty, William Farrelly, K. Curran","doi":"10.30564/SSID.V3I2.3347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/SSID.V3I2.3347","url":null,"abstract":"In the absence of specialized encryption hardware,cryptographic operations must be performed in main memory.As such,it is common place for cyber criminals to examine the content of main memory with a view to retrieving high-value data in plaintext form and/or the associated decryption key.In this paper,the author presents a number of simple methods for identifying and extracting cryptographic keys from memory dumps of software applications that utilize the Microsoft .NET Framework,as well as sourcecode level countermeasures to protect against same.Given the EXE file of an application and a basic knowledge of the cryptographic libraries utilized in the .NET Framework,the author shows how to create a memory dump of a running application and how to extract cryptographic keys from same using WinDBG - without any prior knowledge of the cryptographic key utilized.Whilst the proof-of-concept application utilized as part of this paper uses an implementation of the DES cipher,it should be noted that the steps shown can be utilized against all three generations of symmetric and asymmetric ciphers supported within the .NET Framework.","PeriodicalId":315789,"journal":{"name":"Semiconductor Science and Information Devices","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124730257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E-Government is the use of information and communication Technologies (ICT) such as internet, smart phones, telecommunication, mobile company among others to interact between government and the citizens in running the affairs of the country such as decision making etc. The impact and potential of ICTs have not been fully exploited in the Nigerian context, leaving government in a weak position to formulate policy comprehensively and implement plans effectively. Despite the fact that E-government has been implemented for a while now in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria Abuja, but its effectiveness is not impressive. The citizens connection to the government is limited it can be improved more easily using electronic means of communication, A reduction in corruption cases as accountability and transparency can also be increased, Equal opportunity will be given to all to access information irrespective of the person’s physical location or disability and the elimination of the bureaucracy experienced in government offices. This research work is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of e-government in federal capital territory of Nigeria Abuja using Seoul Metropolitan Government as a yard stick for measuring the effectiveness. Questionnaire was used as a primary method of data collection, internet and library as secondary data. The data obtained from the questionnaire has been analyzed using frequency table and percentage. The findings of this work shows that 41.91% of the respondents agree e-government initiatives have decreased civil servants corruption in Abuja, 46.81% of the respondents agree that E-government services has increased citizens trust in Abuja, 58.11% of the respondents believe that E-government initiative have increased the accessibility to the government in Abuja however 37.11% agree that Lack of IT infrastructure is the major problem affecting E-government in Abuja.
{"title":"Assessing the Effectiveness of Adhoc-Network and Electronic Government in Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"Ibrahim Goni, Abdulrahman Saidu, Umar Maigari T.","doi":"10.30564/ssid.v2i2.2496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ssid.v2i2.2496","url":null,"abstract":"E-Government is the use of information and communication Technologies (ICT) such as internet, smart phones, telecommunication, mobile company among others to interact between government and the citizens in running the affairs of the country such as decision making etc. The impact and potential of ICTs have not been fully exploited in the Nigerian context, leaving government in a weak position to formulate policy comprehensively and implement plans effectively. Despite the fact that E-government has been implemented for a while now in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria Abuja, but its effectiveness is not impressive. The citizens connection to the government is limited it can be improved more easily using electronic means of communication, A reduction in corruption cases as accountability and transparency can also be increased, Equal opportunity will be given to all to access information irrespective of the person’s physical location or disability and the elimination of the bureaucracy experienced in government offices. This research work is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of e-government in federal capital territory of Nigeria Abuja using Seoul Metropolitan Government as a yard stick for measuring the effectiveness. Questionnaire was used as a primary method of data collection, internet and library as secondary data. The data obtained from the questionnaire has been analyzed using frequency table and percentage. The findings of this work shows that 41.91% of the respondents agree e-government initiatives have decreased civil servants corruption in Abuja, 46.81% of the respondents agree that E-government services has increased citizens trust in Abuja, 58.11% of the respondents believe that E-government initiative have increased the accessibility to the government in Abuja however 37.11% agree that Lack of IT infrastructure is the major problem affecting E-government in Abuja.","PeriodicalId":315789,"journal":{"name":"Semiconductor Science and Information Devices","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131358096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ibrahim Goni, J. M. Gumpy, T. U. Maigari, Murtala Muhammad, Abdulrahman Saidu
We live in a connected world of digital devices which include mobile devices, workstations, control systems, transportation systems, base stations, satellites of different interconnected networks, Global positioning system (GPS) with their associated e-services in which internet provide platform for the connection of this devices worldwide. cyber forensics as a sub-branch of computer security that uses software and predefined techniques which is aim at extracting evidences from any form of digital device and can be presented to a court of law for criminal and/or civil proceedings provided that it satisfy this three conditions; comprehensiveness, authenticity and objectivity. Cyber space is recently considered a domain worth exploring and investigating and securing after lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. Cyber threats, attacks and breaches have become a normal incident in day-to-day life of internet users. However, it is noted that cybersecurity is based on confidentiality, integrity and validity of data. In this research work machine learning algorithms applied to cybersecurity and cyber forensics are clearly explored and pave away for further research directions on the application of deep learning, computational intelligence, soft computing to cybersecurity and cyber forensics.
{"title":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Forensics: Machine Learning Approach","authors":"Ibrahim Goni, J. M. Gumpy, T. U. Maigari, Murtala Muhammad, Abdulrahman Saidu","doi":"10.30564/ssid.v2i2.2495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ssid.v2i2.2495","url":null,"abstract":"We live in a connected world of digital devices which include mobile devices, workstations, control systems, transportation systems, base stations, satellites of different interconnected networks, Global positioning system (GPS) with their associated e-services in which internet provide platform for the connection of this devices worldwide. cyber forensics as a sub-branch of computer security that uses software and predefined techniques which is aim at extracting evidences from any form of digital device and can be presented to a court of law for criminal and/or civil proceedings provided that it satisfy this three conditions; comprehensiveness, authenticity and objectivity. Cyber space is recently considered a domain worth exploring and investigating and securing after lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. Cyber threats, attacks and breaches have become a normal incident in day-to-day life of internet users. However, it is noted that cybersecurity is based on confidentiality, integrity and validity of data. In this research work machine learning algorithms applied to cybersecurity and cyber forensics are clearly explored and pave away for further research directions on the application of deep learning, computational intelligence, soft computing to cybersecurity and cyber forensics.","PeriodicalId":315789,"journal":{"name":"Semiconductor Science and Information Devices","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132814872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many organizations are struggling to provide high bandwidth and reliable internet connectivity at their branch offices and business locations and getting the most out of their operational expense. The need for internet connectivity at any branch offices and business locations is not a luxury anymore but is a necessity. Let us try to understand how to plan and document the SDWAN (Software Defined- Wide Area Network) implementation in an organization. We will try to understand why it is essential to implement the new technology instead of investing in the existing MPLS (Multi-Protocol label switching) by taking an example of a retail organization.
{"title":"SDWAN (Software Defined-WAN) Network Engineering and Project Management","authors":"Anshuman Awasthi","doi":"10.30564/ssid.v2i1.1870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ssid.v2i1.1870","url":null,"abstract":"Many organizations are struggling to provide high bandwidth and reliable internet connectivity at their branch offices and business locations and getting the most out of their operational expense. The need for internet connectivity at any branch offices and business locations is not a luxury anymore but is a necessity. Let us try to understand how to plan and document the SDWAN (Software Defined- Wide Area Network) implementation in an organization. We will try to understand why it is essential to implement the new technology instead of investing in the existing MPLS (Multi-Protocol label switching) by taking an example of a retail organization.","PeriodicalId":315789,"journal":{"name":"Semiconductor Science and Information Devices","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127264224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With apparent size and weight advantages, on-chip spectrometer could be a good choice for the spectrum analysis application which has been widely used in numerous areas such as optical network performance monitoring, materials analysis and medical research. In order to realize the broadband and the high resolution simultaneously, we propose a new on-chip spectrometer structure, which is a two-stage structure. The coarse wavelength division is realized by the cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers, which is the first stage of the spectrometer. The output of the Mach-Zehnder interferometers are further dispersed by the second stage structure, which can be realized either by arrayed waveguide gratings or by digital Fourier transform spectrometer structure. We further implemented the thermo-optic modulation for the arrayed waveguide gratings to achieve a higher spectral resolution. The output channel wavelengths of the spectrometer are modulated by the embedded heater to obtain the first order derivative spectra of the input optical signal to obtain a 2nm resolution. With respect to the computer simulation and device characterization results, the 400nm spectral range and the nanoscale resolution have been demonstrated.
{"title":"On-chip Spectrometer Formed by a Multi-stage Structure","authors":"Li Jin, Shaoyu Zhao, Zhipeng Hu, Xiaoyan Hu","doi":"10.30564/ssid.v1i1.648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ssid.v1i1.648","url":null,"abstract":"With apparent size and weight advantages, on-chip spectrometer could be a good choice for the spectrum analysis application which has been widely used in numerous areas such as optical network performance monitoring, materials analysis and medical research. In order to realize the broadband and the high resolution simultaneously, we propose a new on-chip spectrometer structure, which is a two-stage structure. The coarse wavelength division is realized by the cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers, which is the first stage of the spectrometer. The output of the Mach-Zehnder interferometers are further dispersed by the second stage structure, which can be realized either by arrayed waveguide gratings or by digital Fourier transform spectrometer structure. We further implemented the thermo-optic modulation for the arrayed waveguide gratings to achieve a higher spectral resolution. The output channel wavelengths of the spectrometer are modulated by the embedded heater to obtain the first order derivative spectra of the input optical signal to obtain a 2nm resolution. With respect to the computer simulation and device characterization results, the 400nm spectral range and the nanoscale resolution have been demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":315789,"journal":{"name":"Semiconductor Science and Information Devices","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128345634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silicon photonics is a disruptive semiconductor technology that taps into the extraordinary properties of light while taking full advantage of the already matured CMOS processes developed in the semiconductor industry. However, just like electronic industry in the 1970s, currently, Silicon Photonics is in its infancy. The fundamental building blocks of silicon photonics such as waveguides, lasers, modulators, etc. are yet to be fully optimized for low-cost-mass-manufacturing. In this paper, the current state-of-the-art related to developing and optimizing these aforementioned key components will be presented. The challenges of process integration regarding Silicon photonics will also be discussed.
{"title":"A Review of the Building Blocks of Silicon Photonics: From Fabrication Perspective","authors":"Jubayer Shawon Shawon, Feng Li","doi":"10.30564/ssid.v1i1.1282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ssid.v1i1.1282","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon photonics is a disruptive semiconductor technology that taps into the extraordinary properties of light while taking full advantage of the already matured CMOS processes developed in the semiconductor industry. However, just like electronic industry in the 1970s, currently, Silicon Photonics is in its infancy. The fundamental building blocks of silicon photonics such as waveguides, lasers, modulators, etc. are yet to be fully optimized for low-cost-mass-manufacturing. In this paper, the current state-of-the-art related to developing and optimizing these aforementioned key components will be presented. The challenges of process integration regarding Silicon photonics will also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":315789,"journal":{"name":"Semiconductor Science and Information Devices","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125096337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multidimensional sensing is a highly desired attribute for allowing human-machine interfaces (HMIs) to perceive various types of information from both users and the environment, thus enabling the advancement of various smart electronics/applications, e.g., smartphones and smart cities. Conventional multidimensional sensing is achieved through the integration of multiple discrete sensors, which introduces issues such as high energy consumption and high circuit complexity. These disadvantages have motivated the widespread use of functional materials for detecting various stimuli at low cost with low power requirements. This work presents an overview of simply structured touch interfaces for multidimensional (x-y location, force and temperature) sensing enabled by piezoelectric, piezoresistive, triboelectric, pyroelectric and thermoelectric materials. For each technology, the mechanism of operation, state-of-the-art designs, merits, and drawbacks are investigated. At the end of the article, the author discusses the challenges limiting the successful applications of functional materials in commercial touch interfaces and corresponding development trends.
{"title":"Functional-Material-Based Touch Interfaces for Multidimensional Sensing for Interactive Displays: A Review","authors":"Shuo Gao","doi":"10.30564/ssid.v1i1.1171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ssid.v1i1.1171","url":null,"abstract":"Multidimensional sensing is a highly desired attribute for allowing human-machine interfaces (HMIs) to perceive various types of information from both users and the environment, thus enabling the advancement of various smart electronics/applications, e.g., smartphones and smart cities. Conventional multidimensional sensing is achieved through the integration of multiple discrete sensors, which introduces issues such as high energy consumption and high circuit complexity. These disadvantages have motivated the widespread use of functional materials for detecting various stimuli at low cost with low power requirements. This work presents an overview of simply structured touch interfaces for multidimensional (x-y location, force and temperature) sensing enabled by piezoelectric, piezoresistive, triboelectric, pyroelectric and thermoelectric materials. For each technology, the mechanism of operation, state-of-the-art designs, merits, and drawbacks are investigated. At the end of the article, the author discusses the challenges limiting the successful applications of functional materials in commercial touch interfaces and corresponding development trends.","PeriodicalId":315789,"journal":{"name":"Semiconductor Science and Information Devices","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133824852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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