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PRINCIPLES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES IN THE NEW UZBEKISTAN 新乌兹别克斯坦伊斯兰研究发展的原则
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2022/1/1
The article discusses the development of the religious and educational sphere, in particular, positive changes in religious education in our country over the years of independence. In the first years of independence, Islamic studies in Uzbekistan began to form within religious studies. In particular, in 2000, the specialties «Theory of Religion», «Islamic History and Source Studies», «Islamic Law» were included in the «List of training of higher scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel» in the field of Oriental studies. In addition, in recent years, special attention has been paid to the translation of textbooks on Islamic studies into Russian and English. The final part of the article shows the current issues facing the field of Islamic studies in the future and ways to bring the scientific, spiritual, religious, and educational heritage of Uzbek scientists in Arabic, Persian and Uzbek to various fields of science
本文论述了宗教与教育领域的发展,特别是独立以来我国宗教教育的积极变化。在乌兹别克斯坦独立的最初几年,伊斯兰研究开始在宗教研究中形成。特别是在2000年,“宗教理论”、“伊斯兰历史和来源研究”、“伊斯兰法”等专业被列入东方研究领域的“高等科学和科学教学人员培训清单”。此外,近年来,特别注意将伊斯兰教研究教科书翻译成俄文和英文。文章的最后部分显示了伊斯兰研究领域未来面临的问题,以及如何将乌兹别克科学家在阿拉伯语、波斯语和乌兹别克语的科学、精神、宗教和教育遗产带入各个科学领域
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF FAMILY MATTERS IN THE HANAFI MASTERPIECES WRITTEN IN THE 12TH CENTURY IN MAWARANNAHR 12世纪马瓦拉纳尔的哈纳菲名作中的家庭事务分析
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2022/1/5
The article is devoted to studying the scientific activities of the great Hanafi fuqaha of the 12th century in Mawarannahr, such as Burhanuddin Marginani, Iftikharuddin Tahir al-Bukhari, Alauddin Samarkandi, and Alauddin al-Kasani. The article analyzes the structure, methods, chapters, and themes of the famous works of these scholars, which are significant for today. The paper also talks about the role of their books in Islamic law. It examines the universal values and ideas of philanthropy, especially the oriental moral education set out in the views of the scholars of Mawarannahr relating to family relationships. In addition, the article emphasizes and analyzes the importance and role of family rules in Islam, its peculiar properties, socio-economic, cultural, and educational bases that are very effective in educating family members in the spirit of a national idea, values, and patriotism.
本文致力于研究12世纪Mawarannahr伟大的Hanafi fuqaha的科学活动,如Burhanuddin Marginani, Iftikharuddin Tahir al-Bukhari, Alauddin Samarkandi和Alauddin al-Kasani。本文分析了这些学者名著的结构、方法、篇章和主题,对今天的研究具有重要意义。本文还讨论了他们的著作在伊斯兰法律中的作用。它考察了慈善事业的普遍价值和理念,特别是Mawarannahr学者关于家庭关系的观点中所提出的东方道德教育。此外,文章还强调和分析了伊斯兰家庭规则的重要性和作用,它的特殊性质,社会经济、文化和教育基础,这些都非常有效地教育了家庭成员的国家观念、价值观和爱国主义精神。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF THE VERSES RELATED TO THE LEASE (IJARAH) AGREEMENT IN THE QUR’AN 分析《古兰经》中与租赁(ijarah)协议有关的经文
Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/2/5
In this article, the verses related to the lease agreement in the Qur’an on social and legal relations have been studied. An important aspect of the study of this topic is that it will be a solution to today’s pressing problems in the field along with the regulation of socio-legal relations between people. The scientific article describes the meanings of the words used in the meaning of lease in Arabic in the Qur’an. The Qur’an also contains verses on the legality of a lease agreement, including verse 233 of Surah al-Baqara, verse 6 of Surah at-Talaq, verse 27 of Surah al-Qasas, verse 72 of Surah al-Kahf, verse 10 of Surah al-Jum’a, verse 72 of Surah Yusuf, and verse 198 of Surah al-Baqara. The views of the mufassirs and faqihs on these verses have been described, compared, and scientific conclusions have been made. The works of commentators who were prominent in the field of tafsir in the Islamic world such as Abu Bakr Jassas (d. 980), Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi (d. 1241), Shamsuddin Qurtubi (d. 1273), Ibn Kathir of Damascus (d. 1373), and other scholars of Mawarannahr, such as Imam Maturidi (d. 945) and Abul Lays Samarkandi (d. 1003) were used in writing the article.
本文对《古兰经》中有关租赁协议的社会和法律关系的经文进行了研究。研究这一主题的一个重要方面是,它将解决当今在该领域的紧迫问题,以及人与人之间的社会法律关系的调节。这篇科学文章描述了《古兰经》中阿拉伯语“租约”的含义中使用的单词的含义。《古兰经》中也有关于租赁协议合法性的经文,包括《巴卡拉苏拉》233节、《塔拉格苏拉》6节、《卡萨斯苏拉》27节、《卡夫苏拉》72节、《朱马苏拉》10节、《优素福苏拉》72节和《巴卡拉苏拉》198节。穆法西尔和法奇对这些经文的看法已经被描述、比较,并作出了科学的结论。在撰写这篇文章时,参考了伊斯兰世界中在教法领域非常杰出的评论者的著作,如阿布·巴克尔·贾萨斯(公元980年)、穆尤丁·伊本·阿拉比(公元1241年)、沙姆苏丁·库尔图比(公元1273年)、大马士革的伊本·卡西尔(公元1373年)和其他Mawarannahr学者的著作,如伊玛目·马图里迪(公元945年)和阿布·莱斯·萨马卡迪(公元1003年)。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT AND SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE SCIENCE OF “SIYAR” “锡亚尔”学的发展与特点
Pub Date : 2021-12-19 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/2/4
The article provides information on the formation and development of the “Siyar” branch of Islamic law, which is the science of regulating international relations in Islam. Siyar first described the life of the prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). In addition, Siyar is the science of rules arranging the relations of Muslims with members of other religions in times of war and peace. In particular, rules of jurisprudence on the treaties of war and peace between Muslims and non-Muslims, the humanitarian principles to be followed in waging war, the procedure for sending ambassadors to other countries, the rights and obligations of representatives of other religions living in Muslim lands were studied through Siyar science.The development of Siyar science was a necessity of the time. As a result of the expansion of the Arab Caliphate, there was a need to establish relations with members of different religions and nationalities. This led scientists to write works on Siyar. In particular, faqihs such as Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Sha’bi, Imam Muhammad, Awza’i, Sawri and Fazari wrote works on this subject. Specialists who have studied the science of Siyar also showed its peculiarities in their works. In particular, they expressed that international relations in Islam were based on moral principles.
本文介绍了伊斯兰教法“锡亚尔”分支的形成和发展,这是一门关于伊斯兰教国际关系的科学。Siyar首先描述了先知穆罕默德的生活(安拉的和平与祝福在他身上)。此外,Siyar是在战争与和平时期安排穆斯林与其他宗教成员关系的规则科学。特别是穆斯林与非穆斯林之间的战争与和平条约的法理规则、发动战争时应遵循的人道主义原则、向其他国家派遣大使的程序、生活在穆斯林土地上的其他宗教代表的权利和义务,都通过锡雅科学进行了研究。锡亚尔科学的发展是当时的需要。由于阿拉伯哈里发的扩张,有必要与不同宗教和民族的成员建立关系。这促使科学家们写了关于锡亚尔的著作。特别是,诸如伊玛目阿布哈尼法、伊玛目沙比、伊玛目穆罕默德、奥扎伊、萨里和法扎里等法奇赫就这一主题撰写了著作。研究锡亚尔科学的专家也在他们的作品中展示了它的独特性。他们特别表示,伊斯兰教的国际关系是以道德原则为基础的。
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引用次数: 0
KHABAR (NARRATION) AND IT S TYPES ACCORDING TO IM AM M ATURIDI 哈巴(旁白)和它的类型,根据我和我的阿图里迪
Pub Date : 2021-12-19 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/2/1
The great scholar Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Samarkandi al-Maturidi was the founder of the doctrine of Maturidiyya, one of the two major sects of the Ahl as-Sunnah. His place is indisputable, especially in the sciences of Kalam, Tafsir, Fiqh and Usul. The study of Imam Maturidi’s views on hadith/khabar is as important today as it was in the past. This article seeks to explain the principles of Imam Maturidi’s method of narration by identifying his place in the science of hadith, its importance today, his contribution to the development of existing hadith science, and his unique views that differ from the the other scholars. Imam Maturidi described the place and status of the hadith/ khabar, which was accepted as the second source of religion after the Qur’an, within the system of knowledge. In Imam Maturidi’s system of knowledge, the khabar is divided into two in terms of source. The source of the first is directly Allah Himself. It is a wahi (revelation) when it comes from Allah to the Prophet, and a “khabar ar-rasul” from the Prophet to us. Imam Maturidi divided the khabar of the Prophet into two types, mutawatir and ahad.
伟大的学者阿布·曼苏尔·穆罕默德·伊本·穆罕默德·al-Samarkandi al-Maturidi是Maturidiyya教义的创始人,该教义是圣训的两个主要教派之一。他的地位是无可争辩的,特别是在卡拉姆、塔夫西尔、菲qh和乌苏尔等科学领域。研究伊玛目马图里迪关于圣训/哈巴的观点在今天和过去一样重要。本文试图通过确定伊玛目马图里迪在圣训科学中的地位、它在今天的重要性、他对现有圣训科学发展的贡献,以及他与其他学者不同的独特观点,来解释他的叙述方法的原则。伊玛目马图里迪(Imam Maturidi)描述了圣训/哈巴(khabar)在知识体系中的地位和地位,它被认为是继《古兰经》之后的第二个宗教来源。在伊玛目马图里迪的知识体系中,哈巴根据来源分为两部分。第一个的来源直接是安拉自己。这是真主对先知的启示,也是先知对我们的启示。伊玛目马图里迪将先知的哈巴分为两种类型,mutawatir和ahad。
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引用次数: 0
ALI KUSHCHI’S WORK “SHARH TAJRID AL-AQAEED” AND ITS COPIES
Pub Date : 2021-12-05 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/2/9
The article provides information about Tajrid and its comments, hashiyas, in particular “Sharh Tajrid al-Aqaeed” by Ali Kushchi and manuscripts, published versions and their features. Tajrid differs from other theological works with its small form. It attracted the attention of many commentators in a short period shortly after the death of the author. The researcher who refers to some of the Sharhs and Hashiyas in the manuscript funds can witness their value. The 30-page commentary of Ali Kushchi on the Tajrid, written almost 200 years later (1420), is over 200 pages. Both of them state the issues of Aqeedah in six objectives. Also, the simultaneous analysis of both philosophical and doctrinal issues in one play shows that the authors were encyclopedic scholars in both the religious and secular sciences. Indeed, the works of both Tusi and Ali Kushchi in the formal, natural and social sciences were well-known and admired by experts in the field. The scientific spheres of most commentators are similar. One of the most famous of them was Dawwani. He wrote treatises on Fiqh and Kalam together with Philosophy, Logic, Ethics, Mathematics, and Geometry. If we evaluate the significance of the work Tajrid in terms of time and place before reviewing its content, it becomes clear that many scholars referred to the book in each period. Its historical-chronological and geographical coverage is significant.
本文提供了有关Tajrid及其评论的信息,特别是Ali Kushchi的“Sharh Tajrid al-Aqaeed”和手稿、出版版本及其特色。塔吉里德不同于其他神学作品与它的小形式。在作者去世后不久,它就引起了许多评论家的注意。研究人员在手稿基金中提到了一些Sharhs和Hashiyas,可以见证它们的价值。阿里·库什奇(Ali Kushchi)对《塔吉里德》(Tajrid)的30页评论,写于近200年后(1420年),超过200页。他们都在六个目标中陈述了亚基达的问题。此外,在一部戏剧中同时分析哲学和教义问题表明,作者是宗教和世俗科学的百科全书学者。事实上,图斯和阿里·库什奇在形式科学、自然科学和社会科学方面的著作都为该领域的专家所熟知和钦佩。大多数评论员的科学领域都是相似的。其中最著名的是达瓦尼。他写了关于菲格和卡拉姆以及哲学、逻辑、伦理学、数学和几何的论文。如果我们在回顾其内容之前,从时间和地点的角度来评估《塔吉里德》的意义,就会清楚地看到,每个时期都有许多学者提到了这本书。它的历史时间和地理覆盖是重要的。
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引用次数: 0
ALAUDDIN UTHMANDI - FOLLOWER OF THE MATURIDIYYA SCHOOL 阿劳丁·奥斯曼-成熟学派的追随者
Pub Date : 2021-12-04 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/2/6
This article deals with the origin and evolution of the Maturidiyya doctrine under the Samanids and Karakhanids. It also refers to the formation of two theological schools in Samarkand – Dar al-Juzjaniyah and Dar al-Iyadiyah. Besides that, this article tells us the life and scientific heritage of Alauddin al-Usmandi as-Samarkandi, as well as his role in the development of the Mawarannahr Kalam School. There is information about the works of the scholar, as well as copies of the manuscript that are currently stored in world funds. In addition, there is historical evidence that the scholar, who was buried at the «Usmat Ota» shrine in Bakhmal district today, is Alauddin al-Usmandi.
本文论述了萨曼王朝和卡拉汗王朝时期马图里迪亚教义的起源和演变。它也指的是在撒马尔罕形成的两所神学院——Dar al-Juzjaniyah和Dar al-Iyadiyah。除此之外,本文还向我们讲述了Alauddin al-Usmandi as- samarkandi的生平和科学遗产,以及他在Mawarannahr Kalam学派发展中的作用。有关于这位学者的作品的信息,以及目前存放在世界基金的手稿副本。此外,有历史证据表明,今天被埋葬在Bakhmal地区的“Usmat Ota”神社的学者是Alauddin al-Usmandi。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH ON RELIGIOUS CONSCIOUSNESS (IN THE EXAMPLE OF BELARUSIAN AND RUSSIAN RESEARCHERS’ EXPERIENCE) 宗教意识研究分析(以白俄罗斯和俄罗斯研究者的经验为例)
Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/2/7
The article analyzes the research carried out on the religious consciousness of the population of the republics of the North Caucasus of the Russian Federation and Belarus. Thus, in the North Caucasus, based on opinion polls, the state of mass Islamic consciousness in the region was analyzed to identify Salafi components in its content. By comparing the religious positions of the demographic groups of young people and the older generation, we identified the features and trends in the development of Salafi consciousness. The main hypothesis of the study boiled down to the fact that in the mass Islamic consciousness of the region, the Salafi consciousness is widespread to a sufficient extent, in connection with which, one could speak of the presence of a solid social base for followers of Salafism in the region. By the tasks of their research, Belarusian scientists determined the study of religious consciousness in its most comprehensive and broad understanding, setting the goal of obtaining a religious worldview model, as well as determining the factors that influence its dynamics. The hypothesis is that the degree of respondents’ religiosity forms a spectrum from declarative through weak and moderate to deep involvement.
本文分析了对俄罗斯联邦和白俄罗斯北高加索共和国人口宗教意识进行的研究。因此,在北高加索,根据民意调查,分析了该地区群众伊斯兰意识的状况,以确定其内容中的萨拉菲成分。通过比较年轻人和老一代人口群体的宗教立场,我们确定了萨拉菲意识发展的特征和趋势。这项研究的主要假设归结为这样一个事实,即在该地区的大众伊斯兰意识中,萨拉菲派意识广泛到足够的程度,与此相关的是,人们可以说该地区萨拉菲派追随者有一个坚实的社会基础。通过他们的研究任务,白俄罗斯科学家确定了对宗教意识进行最全面和最广泛理解的研究,确定了获得宗教世界观模型的目标,并确定了影响其动态的因素。假设被调查者的宗教虔诚程度形成了一个从宣示性到弱、中度到深度参与的光谱。
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引用次数: 0
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE STUDY OF THE DOCTRINE OF MATURIDIYYA IN UZBEKISTAN 乌兹别克斯坦成熟主义研究的科学研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/1/4
In the new Uzbekistan, which is laying the foundation of the third Renaissance, large-scale reforms are beingcarried out in the field of religion and enlightenment, as well as in various spheres of life. The opening of scientific andeducational institutions in our country, such as the Center for Islamic Civilization in Uzbekistan, Imam Bukhari andImam Tirmidhi International Scientific Research Centers, the Higher School of Hadith, the Mir Arab Higher Madrasah,shows that great attention is being paid to the development of Islamic studies. The opening of the International IslamicAcademy of Uzbekistan has also made a significant contribution to the development of Islamic studies. In 2017,a new field of “Islamic Studies” was added to the “List of Higher Scientific, Scientific and Pedagogical Specialties”,within which “Islamic History and Source Studies”, “Quranic Studies”, “Hadith Studies”, “Fiqh, Kalam. Theology”,“Oriental classical literature and source studies”, “Religious studies”, “Psychology of religion” specialties were opened.This article discusses the research conducted in our country on the study of the doctrine of Maturidiyya and theimportant results achieved.
在正在为第三次文艺复兴奠定基础的新乌兹别克斯坦,正在宗教和启蒙领域以及在生活的各个领域进行大规模改革。乌兹别克斯坦伊斯兰文明研究中心、伊玛目布哈里和伊玛目蒂尔米迪国际科学研究中心、圣训高等学校、米尔阿拉伯高等宗教学校等科学教育机构的成立,表明了对伊斯兰研究发展的高度重视。乌兹别克斯坦国际伊斯兰学院的成立也为伊斯兰研究的发展作出了重大贡献。2017年,“高等科学、科学和教学专业清单”中增加了一个新的“伊斯兰研究”领域,其中包括“伊斯兰历史和来源研究”、“古兰经研究”、“圣训研究”、“菲qh,卡拉姆”。开设了“神学”、“东方古典文学与源流研究”、“宗教学研究”、“宗教心理学”等专业。本文论述了我国对成熟学说的研究及其取得的重要成果。
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引用次数: 0
THE MATURIDIYYA IS THE TRUE AND PURE DOCTRINE 成熟是真实而纯粹的教义
Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/2/11
The teachings of Maturidiyya became known as one of the schools of kalam (Islamic theology), which discussed doctrinal issues based on moderation and tolerance, embodied the spirit of peace and tolerance of Islam, and stayed away from the principle of self-righteousness. Since its foundation by Imam Abu Mansur Maturidi in Samarkand and throughout the political, ideological, scientific, and social history of Islam, this school of Sunni kalam has fought against various misguided sects such as the Khawarij, the Mu’tazilites, and the Shia. This article explores the role of the doctrine of Maturidiyya in the fight against extremist movements in the Southeast Asian region. It emphasizes that the Maturidiyya School has been able to preserve the principle of moderation (al-Wasatiyya) of the Islamic faith in society for centuries.
Maturidiyya的教义被称为kalam(伊斯兰神学)学派之一,它以温和和宽容为基础讨论教义问题,体现了伊斯兰教的和平与宽容精神,并远离自以为是的原则。自撒马尔罕伊玛目阿布·曼苏尔·马图里迪创立以来,在整个伊斯兰教的政治、意识形态、科学和社会历史中,这个逊尼派卡拉姆学派一直在与各种误入歧途的教派作斗争,如哈瓦里派、穆塔齐利派和什叶派。本文探讨了马图里迪亚教义在东南亚地区打击极端主义运动中的作用。它强调,几个世纪以来,Maturidiyya学派一直能够在社会中保存伊斯兰信仰的节制原则(al-Wasatiyya)。
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引用次数: 0
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The Maturidiyya
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