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ABU JA’FAR TAHAWI’S WORK «AQIDA»: GENERAL CONTENT AND THE COPIES OF ITS MANUSCRIPTS ABU ja 'far tahawi的作品《aqida》:一般内容及其手稿副本
Pub Date : 2021-11-06 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/2/8
This article provides information on the content, as well as an analysis of manuscripts of the treatise “Aqeeda” by Abu Jafar Tahawi who was a famous Egyptian scholar with his works in the field of hadith, Qur’an and Islamic theology, and lived in the 9th-10th centuries. The work “al-Aqeeda al-Tahawiyya” is widely known, and was also commented by medieval and modern scholars not only in those countries where the Hanafi School predominates, but also in other regions where the rest of the madhhabs “Ahl al-Sunna wal-Jama’a” are spread. In particular, in the article, some topics of Aqeeda are deeply investigated through conducting a codicological analysis of different copies of manuscripts of the book stored in various funds of the world. Also, after conducting a comparative analysis of copies of manuscripts of the work, the reasons for the use of certain terms in the same context are assessed from the point of Aqeeda. The article used copies of the manuscripts of the book, which are stored in Egypt, where the author himself lived, as well as Turkish funds, which are famous for the large number of manuscripts of various Islamic works.
本文提供了有关内容的信息,并分析了阿布·贾法尔·塔哈维(Abu Jafar Tahawi)的论文《阿基达》(Aqeeda)的手稿。塔哈维是埃及著名学者,生活在9 -10世纪,在圣训、古兰经和伊斯兰神学领域都有著述。《al-Aqeeda al-Tahawiyya》广为人知,中世纪和现代学者不仅在哈纳菲学派占主导地位的国家,而且在其他地区也有其他madhhabs“Ahl al-Sunna wal-Jama 'a”的传播,对它进行了评论。特别是,在文章中,通过对存放在世界各地的不同基金的书的手稿副本进行法典分析,深入研究了Aqeeda的一些主题。此外,在对该作品的手稿副本进行比较分析之后,从Aqeeda的角度评估了在同一上下文中使用某些术语的原因。这篇文章使用了该书手稿的副本,这些手稿保存在作者本人居住的埃及,以及土耳其的基金,这些基金以大量各种伊斯兰作品的手稿而闻名。
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引用次数: 0
CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF RELIGIOUS-MYSTICAL SYMBOLS 宗教神秘符号研究中的概念方法
Pub Date : 2021-10-17 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/2/2
The article presents the description of the lexical and terminological meanings of the words “symbol”, “character”, “sign” and “set of symbols” as well as various definitions of the “symbol” and “set of symbols” given by foreign scholars and experts in this field and results of the research which reveal the essence of their content. In addition to the analysis of theories on the topic “symbols” and “signs”, the article also classifies their types. In particular, there are classifications such as language symbols, activity-ritual symbols, nature symbols, symbols in art. The article also discusses the functions of the symbols. In particular, the symbols encourage the realization of the thought expressed in the human imagination. For example, when a Christian hangs a sign of the cross around his neck, with this sign, he remembers the torment that Jesus Christ suffered. This is one of the main functions of the symbol. However, the article also reveals the differences between the symbol and the sign. Attention is also paid to the features of the symbols and the meanings they represent.
本文介绍了“符号”、“文字”、“符号”、“符号集”等词的词汇和术语含义,以及国外学者和专家对“符号”和“符号集”的各种定义和研究成果,揭示了其内容的实质。文章除了对“符号”和“符号”这一主题进行理论分析外,还对它们的类型进行了分类。特别是有语言符号、活动-仪式符号、自然符号、艺术符号等分类。文章还讨论了符号的功能。特别是,这些符号鼓励实现人类想象中表达的思想。例如,当一个基督徒在他的脖子上挂一个十字架的标志,用这个标志,他记得耶稣基督所遭受的折磨。这是符号的主要功能之一。然而,文章也揭示了符号与符号的区别。还注意到符号的特征和它们所代表的意义。
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引用次数: 0
MODERN METHODS OF MISSIONARY AND MEANS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION 现代传教方法及其实施手段
Pub Date : 2021-10-16 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/2/3
The is known that the religious factor plays an essential role in modern political, social, and even economic processes. The positive use of this factor leads to the spiritual development of society. But the use of this factor in a negative or biased sense leads to its decline. It should be noted that over time, missionary methods and tools have improved. Today, along with classical methods, new, modern methods, and tools, including television, audio, video, radio, and computer technologies, are widely used. This article discusses and analyzes the methods and tools used by missionary organizations to increase their followers.
众所周知,宗教因素在现代政治、社会甚至经济进程中起着至关重要的作用。积极利用这一因素可以促进社会的精神发展。但是,在消极或有偏见的意义上使用这一因素会导致其下降。应该指出的是,随着时间的推移,传教的方法和工具已经有所改进。今天,随着经典的方法,新的,现代的方法和工具,包括电视,音频,视频,广播和计算机技术,被广泛使用。本文讨论和分析了传教组织增加追随者的方法和工具。
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引用次数: 0
THE CRITICISMS THAT IMAM MATURIDI DIRECTED TO KHARIJITES IN THE CONTEXT OF MURTAKIB AL-KABIRA 伊玛目马图里迪在穆塔基卜·卡比拉事件中对哈里吉派的批评
Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/1/1
The Kharijites are cited as the first sect in the history of Islam to initiate takfir and terrorist acts. According to them, if a believer who has committed a “big sin” does not repent, he will immediately become a disbeliever and will be required to be executed. There are some contradictions in the sources regarding this concept, which comes as “murtakib al-kabira”. Imam Maturidi, based on many reasonable and traditional arguments, proved that the views of Kharijites regarding the “murtakib al-kabira” contradicted reason and the Qur’an. In addition to quoting Imam Maturidi’s definition of “grave sin”, the article analyzes the views expressed by the scholar against the thoughts of Kharijites in this regard.
Kharijites被认为是伊斯兰历史上第一个发起塔克菲尔和恐怖主义行为的教派。根据他们的说法,如果一个犯了“大罪”的信徒不悔改,他将立即成为一个不信的人,并将被要求被处决。有关这一概念的资料中有一些矛盾之处,这一概念被称为“murtakib al-kabira”。伊玛目马图里迪根据许多合理和传统的论点,证明了哈里吉派关于“murtakib al-kabira”的观点与理性和《古兰经》相矛盾。本文除了引用伊玛目马图里迪对“重罪”的定义外,还分析了这位学者对哈里吉派在这方面的思想所表达的观点。
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引用次数: 0
THE INFLUENCE OF MATURIDIYYA ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUFISM IN MAWARANNAHR (IX-XX CENTURIES) 成熟性对玛瓦拉纳尔苏菲主义发展的影响(6 - 20世纪)
Pub Date : 2021-09-19 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/2/12
The article analyzes the role of the Hanafiyya and Maturidiyya in the spread of Sufism in Mawarannahr, early representatives of Sufism in this area, different tariqahs which were active in the region as well as their views based on the works by themselves. The article also represents the mportance of Sufism in society in today’s Uzbekistan and shows its peculiarities. For centuries, the Hanafiyya was popular among the jurisprudential sects and the doctrinal issues were solved on the Maturidiyya teachings in Mawarannahr. Therefore, the Sufism of Mawarannahr was based on the principles of Imam Maturidi in doctrinal issues. Sufism played an important role in the lives of Muslims in the region. Especially during the Mongol invasion and after the 13th century, the influence of Sufi sheikhs, who emerged as the successors of the Hanafi scholars, intensified. According to the article, the Sufis of Mawarannahr followed the tariqahs of Yassaviyya, Naqshbandiyya, and Qadiriyya for centuries, but they strictly adhered to the principles of Hanafiyya in Fiqh and Maturidiyya in Aqeedah.
文章分析了哈纳菲亚派和玛图里迪亚派在马瓦拉纳尔地区苏菲派传播中的作用,苏菲派在该地区的早期代表人物,活跃于该地区的不同教派,以及他们根据自己的作品所持的观点。这篇文章也反映了苏非主义在当今乌兹别克斯坦社会中的重要性和特殊性。几个世纪以来,哈纳菲耶在法理学教派中很流行,教义问题在Mawarannahr的Maturidiyya教义中得到解决。因此,Mawarannahr的苏菲主义是基于伊玛目马图里迪在教义问题上的原则。苏菲派在该地区穆斯林的生活中扮演着重要的角色。特别是在蒙古入侵期间和13世纪之后,作为哈纳菲学者的继承者而出现的苏菲教长的影响增强了。文章称,Mawarannahr的苏菲派几个世纪以来一直遵循Yassaviyya、Naqshbandiyya和Qadiriyya的教义,但他们严格遵守Fiqh的Hanafiyya和Aqeedah的Maturidiyya的原则。
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引用次数: 0
SALAFĪ IDEOLOGY: A NEED FOR AN ENLIGHTENMENT FROM IMĀM AL-MĀTURĪDĪ’S SUNNI SYNTHETIC THEOLOGY SalafĪ意识形态:对imĀm al-mĀturĪdĪ逊尼派综合神学启示的需要
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/1/3
The greatest contribution of Imam Maturidi to the development of Islamic theology was undoubtedly the theory ofknowledge proposed by him. The scholar’s unique scientific method in learning of the science of aqeedah, his abilityto approach all the facts objectively and critically, ensured that he became one of the greatest thinkers of all time. Inhis time, Imam Maturidi made extensive use of reason as well as naqli evidence in solving problems related to Islamictheology. This led to the spread of the teachings he founded widely and became one of the doctrines of Sunni Muslims.The article analyzes the views of representatives of the Western Utopian School on utopian theory as well as Muslimphilosophers. In particular, the results of the scientific research by Abu Nasr al-Farabi and the English philosopherThomas More on this subject have been studied comparatively. In addition, the article reveals the differences betweenas-Salaf as-salih who lived in the first three centuries of Islam and the destructive ideas of the group that claims to beSalaf today. Furthermore, the scientific and practical significance of the doctrine of Maturidiyya, founded by ImamMaturidi, in the struggle against various misguided sects is substantiated.
伊玛目马图里迪对伊斯兰神学发展的最大贡献无疑是他提出的知识论。这位学者在学习aqeedah科学方面独特的科学方法,以及他客观和批判地处理所有事实的能力,确保了他成为有史以来最伟大的思想家之一。在他的时代,伊玛目马图里迪在解决与伊斯兰神学有关的问题时广泛使用了理性和纳克利证据。这导致了他创立的教义的广泛传播,并成为逊尼派穆斯林的教义之一。本文分析了西方乌托邦学派代表人物以及穆斯林哲学家对乌托邦理论的看法。特别是对法拉比和英国哲学家莫尔在这方面的科学研究成果进行了比较研究。此外,这篇文章还揭示了生活在伊斯兰教最初三个世纪的salaf as-salih与今天自称为beSalaf的团体的破坏性思想之间的差异。此外,由伊玛目马图里迪创立的Maturidiyya学说的科学和实践意义,在与各种误入歧途的教派的斗争中得到证实。
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引用次数: 0
EXPLANATION OF THE TOPIC OF “FAITH” IN SAADUDDIN TAFTAZANI’S WORKS 解读萨阿丁·塔夫塔扎尼作品中的“信仰”主题
Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/2/10
One of the brightest representatives of the Second Eastern Renaissance of the Middle Ages is Allama Saʻd al-Dīn Taftāzānī al-Ḥanafı̄(722-792/1322-1390). He was a scholar in the fields of grammar (nahw), morphology (sarf), eloquence (balagha) usul al-fiqh and furu al-fiqh (ḥanafī, shāfiʿī and mālikī), logic, aqeedah, hadith, tafsir, geometry, astronomy and other similar sciences. In particular, more than fifty works of the allāma on various subjects have been identified. Saʻd al-Dīn Taftāzānī occupies an important place in the development of the teachings of māturīdīyya. The work of the scholar in this area can be divided into three categories: writing of books, an analytical summary of the various views of previous scholars on a specific creedal issue and additional substantiation of the issues on a scientific basis. In particular, these three cases are reflected in the views of the scholar on the topic “Iman” (Faith). Even because this topic is the basis of creed, the scholar dwelled on it in detail. Indeed, through a comparative analysis of the theological works of Saʻd al-Dīn Taftāzānī and “Kitāb al-Tawḥīd” by Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī (243-332/857-944), it is advisable to determine the scholar’s contribution to the development of the teachings of māturīdīyya on the topic “Iman”. This article focuses on this issue.
中世纪第二次东方文艺复兴最杰出的代表之一是Allama Sa haud al- d n Taftāzānī al-Ḥanafı(722-792/1322-1390)。他是语法(nahw)、形态学(sarf)、口才(balagha)、usul al-fiqh和furu al-fiqh (ḥanafī、shāfi和mālikī)、逻辑、aqeedah、圣训、tafsir、几何、天文学和其他类似科学领域的学者。特别是,已经确定了allāma关于各种主题的五十多部作品。在māturīdīyya教义的发展过程中,Sa had al- d n Taftāzānī占有重要的地位。学者在这一领域的工作可分为三类:著书、分析总结前人对某一特定信条问题的各种观点、在科学基础上进一步证实这些问题。这三个案例尤其体现在学者对“Iman”(信仰)这一话题的看法上。即使因为这个话题是信条的基础,这位学者也对它进行了详细的探讨。的确,通过比较分析萨伊德·d·d·d·n Taftāzānī和阿布·Manṣūr al-Māturīdī(243-332/857-944)的神学著作“Kitāb al-Tawḥīd”,确定这位学者对māturīdīyya关于“伊曼”主题的教义发展的贡献是明智的。本文主要讨论这个问题。
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引用次数: 0
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE DOCTRINE OF ABU MANSUR AL-MATURIDI AND IT’S DEVELOPMENT IN THE VOLGA-URAL REGION 马图里迪学说的基本原则及其在伏尔加乌拉地区的发展
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/1/7
The authenticity of the teachings of Abu Mansur al-Maturidi in theology is justified by its connection with the Prophet Muhammad, the main sources of Islam, as well as the principle of rationality. So the theologian’s doctrine spread to many regions of the world, including the Volga-Ural region. The purpose of this article is to study the basic features of the teachings of Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, as well as to trace its spread in the Volga-Ural region. Accordingly, the objectives of the study are: first, to identify and characterize the basic features of the Maturidite faith. Secondly, to trace the history of the Maturidis doctrine in the Volga-Ural region. Third, to identify the names of theologians and the titles of works devoted to the Maturidite doctrine. The source base of the study was the published works of the theologian. In the course of the study, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the historical and comparative method were used. The analysis of the text of “Kitab at-tawhid” and tafsir of the theologian revealed the basic principles of his teaching and methodology of the theologian. In particular, it was revealed that the main basic principles of the theologian were: continuity with the Prophet Muhammad, moderation and rationality. It was also found that after entry to the territory of the Volga-Ural region, the doctrine of Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, depending on socio-political changes, experienced periods of rise and decline.
Abu Mansur al-Maturidi的神学教义的真实性是由其与先知穆罕默德(伊斯兰教的主要来源)以及理性原则的联系来证明的。因此,这位神学家的学说传播到了世界上许多地区,包括伏尔加河-乌拉尔地区。本文的目的是研究阿布·曼苏尔·马图里迪教义的基本特征,并追溯其在伏尔加-乌拉尔地区的传播。因此,本研究的目的是:首先,确定和描述玛图里德信仰的基本特征。其次,追溯了伏尔加-乌拉尔地区马图里迪斯主义的历史。第三,识别神学家的名字和致力于马图里德教义的作品的标题。这项研究的来源基础是这位神学家出版的作品。在研究过程中,采用了分析与综合的方法,以及历史与比较的方法。通过对《神学家经》文本和神学家工作的分析,揭示了其教学的基本原则和神学家的方法论。特别是,据透露,神学家的主要基本原则是:与先知穆罕默德的连续性,节制和理性。还发现,在进入伏尔加-乌拉尔地区领土后,阿布·曼苏尔·马图里迪的学说根据社会政治变化,经历了兴衰时期。
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引用次数: 0
THE DOCTRINE OF MATURIDIYYA IS THE TRUE WAY AND PURE SECT 成熟主义是真正的道路和纯粹的教派
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/1/9
The article briefly discusses Imam Maturidi and the teachings of Maturidi, the belonging of the Maturidis to the Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jama’ah, their adherence to Abu Hanifa in their usul (roots) and furu’ (branches) and the fact that Maturidi is a moderate doctrine. It emphasizes that the main source of this doctrine is aql (human intellect) and the Qur’anic text (nass). Some specific views of the Maturidis, in particular their approaches to issues such as takfir (accusation of apostasy), qadar (predestination), human verbs are described. The article also highlights one of the most important issues in the science of ‘aqeedah, namely, the views of the Maturidis on the quality of takwin (Creation) and points out the differences with the Ash’arites in this regard.
本文简要讨论伊玛目马图里迪和马图里迪的教义,马图里迪人属于Ahl as-Sunnah wa ' l- jama ' ah,他们在他们的usul(根)和furu '(分支)中坚持阿布哈尼法,以及马图里迪是一个温和的教义。它强调,这一学说的主要来源是aql(人类的智力)和古兰经文本(nass)。Maturidis的一些具体观点,特别是他们对诸如takfir(叛教指控)、qadar(预定)等问题的处理方法,以及人类动词的描述。文章还强调了“阿基达”科学中最重要的问题之一,即马图里迪斯人对“创造”质量的看法,并指出了他们与阿什阿里特人在这方面的差异。
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引用次数: 0
THE ROLE OF IMAM MATURIDI IN THE SCIENTIFIC ENVIRONMENT OF MAWARANNAHR 伊玛目马图里迪在mawarannahr科学环境中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.47980/moturidiy/2021/1/8
Abu Mansur Maturidi is a mufassir, faqih, and imam of guidance who had a significant impact on the scientific environment of Mawеrannahr. On the basis of the Hanafi school, he contributed to the development of “usul al-din” and “usul al-fiqh”, as well as wrote “Ta’wilat al-Qur’an” in the field of ta’wil. Imam Maturidi’s views in the field of logic and philosophy are of great importance in the study of Islamic philosophy today. It is known that in the IX century, various sects in Mawerannahr caused the spread of mutual contradictions among the people by announcing to the public the conflicting doctrinal issues. At the same time, Abu Mansur Maturidi promoted the teachings of Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jama’ah and called on the society to unite in a single faith and a moderate doctrine. In this regard, the doctrine of Maturidiyya gained a special significance in Mawerannahr and neighboring regions. The article provides information about the life, teachers, students, and scientific heritage of Abu Mansur Maturidi, the founder of the doctrine of Maturidiyya. It also mentions the family of Imam Maturidi and the reasons why he was given the kunya “Abu Mansur” and analyzes relevant information in detail. The article also discusses Imam Maturidi’s doctrinal, jurisprudential, and mystical views based on Ta’wilat al-Qur’an.
阿布·曼苏尔·马图里迪(Abu Mansur Maturidi)是一位穆法西尔、法奇赫和指导者伊玛目,他对mawronranahr的科学环境产生了重大影响。在哈纳菲派的基础上,他对“常尔丁”和“常尔菲格”的发展做出了贡献,并在“会”领域撰写了《塔威拉特古兰经》。伊玛目马图里迪在逻辑和哲学领域的观点对今天的伊斯兰哲学研究具有重要意义。众所周知,在9世纪,Mawerannahr的各个教派通过向公众宣布相互冲突的教义问题,导致了人们之间相互矛盾的传播。与此同时,阿布·曼苏尔·马图里迪提倡“圣训”的教义,并呼吁社会团结在一个单一的信仰和一个温和的教义中。在这方面,Maturidiyya的教义在Mawerannahr和邻近地区获得了特殊的意义。这篇文章提供了关于马图里迪教义创始人阿布·曼苏尔·马图里迪的生平、老师、学生和科学遗产的信息。文中还提到了伊玛目马图里迪的家族及其被授予“阿布·曼苏尔”称号的原因,并详细分析了有关资料。本文还讨论了伊玛目马图里迪基于《古兰经》的教义、法理和神秘主义观点。
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The Maturidiyya
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