Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060311
F. Vincent, Noblet Mathieu, Lahaye Robert, P. Nicolas, B. Christophe
Forward propagation above dielectric surfaces is studied using the Split Step Fourier (SSF) resolution technique. The introduction of Fresnel Boundary Conditions (SSF-FBC) and Leontovitch Boundary Conditions (SSF-LBC) is described. The numerical singularity induced by the reflection coefficient at pseudo-Brewster incidence is analyzed, and the DMFT solution for SSF-LBC resolution is retrieved. The limit induced by the Leontovitch assumption is studied on typical grounds. Numerical validations of the proposed method are presented by comparison with the asymptotic formulation. As the SSF is based on an FFT algorithm, the acceleration using a GPU implementation is studied and the numerical time gains are given.
{"title":"Propagation modeling using the Split Step Fourier method: Ground boundary conditions analysis and acceleration by GPU","authors":"F. Vincent, Noblet Mathieu, Lahaye Robert, P. Nicolas, B. Christophe","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060311","url":null,"abstract":"Forward propagation above dielectric surfaces is studied using the Split Step Fourier (SSF) resolution technique. The introduction of Fresnel Boundary Conditions (SSF-FBC) and Leontovitch Boundary Conditions (SSF-LBC) is described. The numerical singularity induced by the reflection coefficient at pseudo-Brewster incidence is analyzed, and the DMFT solution for SSF-LBC resolution is retrieved. The limit induced by the Leontovitch assumption is studied on typical grounds. Numerical validations of the proposed method are presented by comparison with the asymptotic formulation. As the SSF is based on an FFT algorithm, the acceleration using a GPU implementation is studied and the numerical time gains are given.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125575409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060313
J. Cilliers, J. Steyn, J. C. Smit, C. Pienaar, M. Pienaar
The role of RCS calculation tools in modern radar and EW engineering is becoming more pronounced, but the requirements and determination of CAD model accuracy are not always clear. This paper considers metrics with which to measure and compare CAD models as well as differences in RCS results arising from small and large CAD model differences.
{"title":"Considering CAD model accuracy for Radar Cross Section and signature calculations of electrically large complex targets","authors":"J. Cilliers, J. Steyn, J. C. Smit, C. Pienaar, M. Pienaar","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060313","url":null,"abstract":"The role of RCS calculation tools in modern radar and EW engineering is becoming more pronounced, but the requirements and determination of CAD model accuracy are not always clear. This paper considers metrics with which to measure and compare CAD models as well as differences in RCS results arising from small and large CAD model differences.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122273956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060421
A. O. Oude Nijhuis, O. Krasnov, C. Unal, H. Russchenberg, A. Yarovoy
In this paper we introduce the 4D-Var wind retrieval, which is inspired on four-dimensional variational assimilation, typically used in numerical weather models. We simulate simple wind scenarios, with single or double vortices, to get insight in radar measurements.We apply the linear wind model to radar measurements of IDRA radar measurements and identify some problems with the linear wind model retrieval technique. Then we apply the 4D-Var wind retrieval on the same IDRA measurements and the results are compared and discussed. In the implementation it is possible to specify correlation lengths for the horizontal wind speed and horizontal wind direction. With this option, it is possible to show the ambiguity of the wind field, that is associated with the radar measurements.
{"title":"Outlook for a new wind field retrieval technique: The 4D-Var wind retrieval","authors":"A. O. Oude Nijhuis, O. Krasnov, C. Unal, H. Russchenberg, A. Yarovoy","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060421","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we introduce the 4D-Var wind retrieval, which is inspired on four-dimensional variational assimilation, typically used in numerical weather models. We simulate simple wind scenarios, with single or double vortices, to get insight in radar measurements.We apply the linear wind model to radar measurements of IDRA radar measurements and identify some problems with the linear wind model retrieval technique. Then we apply the 4D-Var wind retrieval on the same IDRA measurements and the results are compared and discussed. In the implementation it is possible to specify correlation lengths for the horizontal wind speed and horizontal wind direction. With this option, it is possible to show the ambiguity of the wind field, that is associated with the radar measurements.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122307144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060385
Yeonghwan Ju, Youngseok Jin, Jonghun Lee
In this paper, we designed and implemented a 24 GHz FMCW radar system based on FPGA and DSP. We also developed a 24 GHz FMCW radar RF module composed of a single transmitter and a single transmitting antenna array of five elements to measure distances at a high degree of accuracy for 24 GHz FMCW radar. To verify the developed radar system, a test bed was fabricated to measure the distance for every 1 mm. The experimental results show that the system is accurate to a distance of approximately 3 cm between 0.5 m and 3.4 m.
{"title":"Design and implementation of a 24 GHz FMCW radar system for automotive applications","authors":"Yeonghwan Ju, Youngseok Jin, Jonghun Lee","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060385","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we designed and implemented a 24 GHz FMCW radar system based on FPGA and DSP. We also developed a 24 GHz FMCW radar RF module composed of a single transmitter and a single transmitting antenna array of five elements to measure distances at a high degree of accuracy for 24 GHz FMCW radar. To verify the developed radar system, a test bed was fabricated to measure the distance for every 1 mm. The experimental results show that the system is accurate to a distance of approximately 3 cm between 0.5 m and 3.4 m.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116246422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060384
Y. Mancuso, C. Renard
This paper presents new developments and perspectives in Phased Arrays Radars and Electronic Warfare for the next generations of T/R modules (medium/long term), in order to decrease the mass production cost, while increasing the level of performance and reliability. In terms of physical architecture, even if the brick one is more current at mid-term, the tile concept is investigated for conformal and/or multifunction phased array antennas: a 3-dimension module will lead to a drastic reduction of size and weight of the antenna. MMICs are always the key components, with evolutions towards multifunction chips, new processes like GaN,SiGe, MEMS power switches. Concerning the packaging, a technological roadmap indicates the different capabilities: thick film multilayer ceramic circuits, co-fired ceramics based on LTCC or HTCC processes, surfacemounted packages on printed circuits boards,and 3D architectures. The interconnection domain is also now more and more important in order to be compatible with the level of integration required for the microwave modules: fuzz buttons, flex, subminiature connectors. All these technologies mastered by Thales are dual for Airborne and Space, Military and Civilian applications.
{"title":"New developments and trends for active antennas and TR modules","authors":"Y. Mancuso, C. Renard","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060384","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents new developments and perspectives in Phased Arrays Radars and Electronic Warfare for the next generations of T/R modules (medium/long term), in order to decrease the mass production cost, while increasing the level of performance and reliability. In terms of physical architecture, even if the brick one is more current at mid-term, the tile concept is investigated for conformal and/or multifunction phased array antennas: a 3-dimension module will lead to a drastic reduction of size and weight of the antenna. MMICs are always the key components, with evolutions towards multifunction chips, new processes like GaN,SiGe, MEMS power switches. Concerning the packaging, a technological roadmap indicates the different capabilities: thick film multilayer ceramic circuits, co-fired ceramics based on LTCC or HTCC processes, surfacemounted packages on printed circuits boards,and 3D architectures. The interconnection domain is also now more and more important in order to be compatible with the level of integration required for the microwave modules: fuzz buttons, flex, subminiature connectors. All these technologies mastered by Thales are dual for Airborne and Space, Military and Civilian applications.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"37 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121694809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060316
J. Houssay, N. Pinel, Yann-Hervé Hellouvry, G. Monnier, C. Le Barbu, C. Cochin, Y. Hurtaud
This paper describes a fast simulation tool for computing a sea surface remotely sensed by radar, by using parallel computing on GPU cards. The electromagnetic backscattering model is based on the two-scale model, with the incorporation of shadowing and spike effects at low-grazing elevation angles. The contribution of breaking waves is analysed. This intuitive and interactive simulation tool offers the possibility to test a large range of environmental and radar configurations through the various functionalities of its graphical user interface.
{"title":"A physical radar simulation tool of the sea clutter","authors":"J. Houssay, N. Pinel, Yann-Hervé Hellouvry, G. Monnier, C. Le Barbu, C. Cochin, Y. Hurtaud","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060316","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a fast simulation tool for computing a sea surface remotely sensed by radar, by using parallel computing on GPU cards. The electromagnetic backscattering model is based on the two-scale model, with the incorporation of shadowing and spike effects at low-grazing elevation angles. The contribution of breaking waves is analysed. This intuitive and interactive simulation tool offers the possibility to test a large range of environmental and radar configurations through the various functionalities of its graphical user interface.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123881736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060345
N. Pinel, G. Monnier, J. Houssay
This paper describes the fast simulation of a sea surface remotely sensed by radar, by using parallel computing on GPU cards. The approach which consists in adding two “grids” of the surface with different spatial resolutions is tested. The high-frequency (HF) grid corresponds to the HF part of the resolved surface spectrum, and the low-frequency (LF) grid to its LF counterpart. Numerical tests on the surface slope PDF and autocorrelation function show that adding these two grids with interpolation of the LF grid give very satisfactory results, provided that an appropriate windowing is applied. Then, this very efficient surface generation makes it possible to simulate a moving sea surface remotely sensed by radar with highly reduced computing resources.
{"title":"Fast simulation of a moving sea surface remotely sensed by radar","authors":"N. Pinel, G. Monnier, J. Houssay","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060345","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the fast simulation of a sea surface remotely sensed by radar, by using parallel computing on GPU cards. The approach which consists in adding two “grids” of the surface with different spatial resolutions is tested. The high-frequency (HF) grid corresponds to the HF part of the resolved surface spectrum, and the low-frequency (LF) grid to its LF counterpart. Numerical tests on the surface slope PDF and autocorrelation function show that adding these two grids with interpolation of the LF grid give very satisfactory results, provided that an appropriate windowing is applied. Then, this very efficient surface generation makes it possible to simulate a moving sea surface remotely sensed by radar with highly reduced computing resources.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122660015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060363
Yunhua Zhang, W. Zhai, Xiang Gu, Xiaojin Shi, Xueyan Kang
An experiment for ground moving train (GMT) imaging at multi-aspect angles by a stationary wide-band radar is introduced. The radar works at Ka band which incorporates both frequency-stepped chirp signals (SFCSs) and frequency-stepped noise signals (SFNSs). The total bandwidth covered by 20 sub-signals is 2GHz, whose carrier frequencies are 100MHz stepped. Each sub-signal has 120MHz bandwidth and 5μs time duration. A GMT are imaged at ±17.5°, ±15.0°, ±12.5°, ±10.0°, ±7.5°, ±5.0°, ±2.5°, 0.0° angles (we should point out that these angles are just relative without accurate calibration). The Doppler spectra of different aspect angles are presented and analyzed, which are consistent with expectation. The images from SFCS and SFNS are presented and compared. It is shown that the SFNS images are generally comparable with that of SFCS, or even better at some angles, e.g. 0.0° and 17.5°. The anti-interference advantage of noise radar is well demonstrated because the imaging environment is quite complicated with a lot of multi scatterings occur between the target and the metal fence of the bridge where the train passed by.
{"title":"Multi-aspect imaging of gound moving target by a stationary wide-band radar","authors":"Yunhua Zhang, W. Zhai, Xiang Gu, Xiaojin Shi, Xueyan Kang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060363","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment for ground moving train (GMT) imaging at multi-aspect angles by a stationary wide-band radar is introduced. The radar works at Ka band which incorporates both frequency-stepped chirp signals (SFCSs) and frequency-stepped noise signals (SFNSs). The total bandwidth covered by 20 sub-signals is 2GHz, whose carrier frequencies are 100MHz stepped. Each sub-signal has 120MHz bandwidth and 5μs time duration. A GMT are imaged at ±17.5°, ±15.0°, ±12.5°, ±10.0°, ±7.5°, ±5.0°, ±2.5°, 0.0° angles (we should point out that these angles are just relative without accurate calibration). The Doppler spectra of different aspect angles are presented and analyzed, which are consistent with expectation. The images from SFCS and SFNS are presented and compared. It is shown that the SFNS images are generally comparable with that of SFCS, or even better at some angles, e.g. 0.0° and 17.5°. The anti-interference advantage of noise radar is well demonstrated because the imaging environment is quite complicated with a lot of multi scatterings occur between the target and the metal fence of the bridge where the train passed by.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122690749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060417
S. Kennedy, B. Mulgrew, D. Greig, A. Robinson
This paper presents results of SAR-based GMTI using the displaced phase-centre antenna (DPCA) and along-track interferometry (ATI) techniques when the channel alignment is carried out adaptively through measurement of the SAR images. Using adaptive channel alignment (ACA) removes the need for accurate antenna position information and implicitly handles any mismatch between the channels. Results are presented for DPCA and ATI detection in SAR images gathered by an experimental radar system. The use of ACA is further demonstrated on a little-known hybrid detection algorithm that combines DPCA and ATI to utilise the strengths of each technique while overcoming their weaknesses.
{"title":"Adaptive channel alignment for displaced phase-centre antenna and along-track interferometry: Trials results","authors":"S. Kennedy, B. Mulgrew, D. Greig, A. Robinson","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060417","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents results of SAR-based GMTI using the displaced phase-centre antenna (DPCA) and along-track interferometry (ATI) techniques when the channel alignment is carried out adaptively through measurement of the SAR images. Using adaptive channel alignment (ACA) removes the need for accurate antenna position information and implicitly handles any mismatch between the channels. Results are presented for DPCA and ATI detection in SAR images gathered by an experimental radar system. The use of ACA is further demonstrated on a little-known hybrid detection algorithm that combines DPCA and ATI to utilise the strengths of each technique while overcoming their weaknesses.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133227588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060362
W. Zhai, Yunhua Zhang
When the stepped frequency chirp signal (SFCS) is used by a radar for high-speed moving target imaging, motion compensation is the very crucial step because the time-bandwidth product is usually very large, serious motion induced phase error is thus suffered. In this paper, the impact of high-speed target motion on the synthetic range profile of SFCS is first analyzed. Then a new motion parameters estimation approach called extended cross-correlation inner frame (ECCIF) method is proposed, which can measure both the radial velocity and acceleration of a target by using the echoes of sub-pulses within a burst, thus accurate motion compensation can be performed. Simulations are conducted to verify the proposed method and very well focused range profile are obtained.
{"title":"Motion parameters estimation of high-speed moving target for stepped frequency chirp signal","authors":"W. Zhai, Yunhua Zhang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060362","url":null,"abstract":"When the stepped frequency chirp signal (SFCS) is used by a radar for high-speed moving target imaging, motion compensation is the very crucial step because the time-bandwidth product is usually very large, serious motion induced phase error is thus suffered. In this paper, the impact of high-speed target motion on the synthetic range profile of SFCS is first analyzed. Then a new motion parameters estimation approach called extended cross-correlation inner frame (ECCIF) method is proposed, which can measure both the radial velocity and acceleration of a target by using the echoes of sub-pulses within a burst, thus accurate motion compensation can be performed. Simulations are conducted to verify the proposed method and very well focused range profile are obtained.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134138342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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