Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060329
A. Dzvonkovskaya, H. Rohling
The high-frequency (HF) surface wave radar system located at the coast is well-known as a tool for synoptic on-line mapping of sea surface current fields and the spatial distribution of the sea waves. Especially for oceanographic applications, low power HF radar systems have been developed, which use surface wave propagation along the salty sea surface. Such HF radar system brings area surveillance far beyond the conventional microwave radar coverage. Additional options for oceanographic radar applications can be vessel and aircraft monitoring above sea surface. This paper describes a new attempt in signal processing approach for detection of fast-moving targets in the radar observations based on a constant false-alarm-rate algorithm. The target locations detected by the HF radar are passed to a tracking filter using range and azimuth information to track the locations of fast-moving targets. A special short coherent integration time mode has been applied for processing real radar measurements. The tracking procedure is performed for fast-moving target observation using two monostatic HF radar systems located at the coast.
{"title":"Fast-moving target observation using high-frequency surface wave radar","authors":"A. Dzvonkovskaya, H. Rohling","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060329","url":null,"abstract":"The high-frequency (HF) surface wave radar system located at the coast is well-known as a tool for synoptic on-line mapping of sea surface current fields and the spatial distribution of the sea waves. Especially for oceanographic applications, low power HF radar systems have been developed, which use surface wave propagation along the salty sea surface. Such HF radar system brings area surveillance far beyond the conventional microwave radar coverage. Additional options for oceanographic radar applications can be vessel and aircraft monitoring above sea surface. This paper describes a new attempt in signal processing approach for detection of fast-moving targets in the radar observations based on a constant false-alarm-rate algorithm. The target locations detected by the HF radar are passed to a tracking filter using range and azimuth information to track the locations of fast-moving targets. A special short coherent integration time mode has been applied for processing real radar measurements. The tracking procedure is performed for fast-moving target observation using two monostatic HF radar systems located at the coast.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"116 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132483620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060294
O. Rabaste, L. Savy, G. Desodt
In this article, we consider the problem of detecting multiple targets in MIMO radar. MIMO ambiguity functions generally present strong range/angle coupling or high sidelobe levels so that weak targets will often be buried in the sidelobes of stronger targets. We propose to solve this problem by iteratively building an approximation of the multitarget matched filter through an Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) procedure that permits to clean the received signal from the strong target sidelobes and thus to detect the low-SNR targets. However, whereas classic OMP exploits a finite discretization of the target parameter space, this procedure must be adapted here to deal with real radar targets that can be located anywhere in the range/angle/doppler cell. We propose here to solve this problem by jointly estimating at each iteration the target states in the maximum likelihood sense via a gradient descent algorithm. We also show that the stopping criteria for this iterative procedure can be set to satisfy a given false alarm probability. Simulations show that the proposed method permits to solve the multitarget detection problem in the MIMO framework and retrieve low-SNR targets buried in the high sidelobes of strong targets produced by the MIMO matched filter.
{"title":"Approximate multitarget matched filter for MIMO radar detection via Orthogonal Matching Pursuit","authors":"O. Rabaste, L. Savy, G. Desodt","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060294","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we consider the problem of detecting multiple targets in MIMO radar. MIMO ambiguity functions generally present strong range/angle coupling or high sidelobe levels so that weak targets will often be buried in the sidelobes of stronger targets. We propose to solve this problem by iteratively building an approximation of the multitarget matched filter through an Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) procedure that permits to clean the received signal from the strong target sidelobes and thus to detect the low-SNR targets. However, whereas classic OMP exploits a finite discretization of the target parameter space, this procedure must be adapted here to deal with real radar targets that can be located anywhere in the range/angle/doppler cell. We propose here to solve this problem by jointly estimating at each iteration the target states in the maximum likelihood sense via a gradient descent algorithm. We also show that the stopping criteria for this iterative procedure can be set to satisfy a given false alarm probability. Simulations show that the proposed method permits to solve the multitarget detection problem in the MIMO framework and retrieve low-SNR targets buried in the high sidelobes of strong targets produced by the MIMO matched filter.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134106170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Range Cell Migration Correction (RCMC) is an important issue in Randomly Stepped Frequency SAR Imaging. In this work we use the newly proposed compressive sensing (CS) algorithms to correct range migration and to form SAR images of random data. This algorithm makes randomly stepped frequency echo data equivalent to the observed value of evenly stepped frequency echo data, and integrates range migration correction operator into the part of sparse representation. High-resolution range profiles (HRRP) are directly obtained after migration correction via CS reconstruction algorithm, and then the target scene imaging is completed by azimuth pulse compression. Even under conditions of lack of spectrum resources, experimental result also shows that the algorithm is able to achieve high resolution imaging.
{"title":"Range migration correction for random stepped-frequency SAR imaging","authors":"Qun Zhang, Yi-chang Chen, Zhi’an Li, Yong-an Chen, Yong Wu","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060463","url":null,"abstract":"Range Cell Migration Correction (RCMC) is an important issue in Randomly Stepped Frequency SAR Imaging. In this work we use the newly proposed compressive sensing (CS) algorithms to correct range migration and to form SAR images of random data. This algorithm makes randomly stepped frequency echo data equivalent to the observed value of evenly stepped frequency echo data, and integrates range migration correction operator into the part of sparse representation. High-resolution range profiles (HRRP) are directly obtained after migration correction via CS reconstruction algorithm, and then the target scene imaging is completed by azimuth pulse compression. Even under conditions of lack of spectrum resources, experimental result also shows that the algorithm is able to achieve high resolution imaging.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132947538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060303
C. Loyez, N. Rolland, M. Bocquet
This study deals with UWB technology applied to location systems operating in the millimeter-wave frequency band. Sub-nanosecond impulse topologies are considered to achieve indoor location systems operating at 60 GHz. For each system, an original focusing technique is implemented to minimize the degradation of the location error due to the impact of the multipath propagation.
{"title":"UWB technology applied to millimeter-wave indoor location systems","authors":"C. Loyez, N. Rolland, M. Bocquet","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060303","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with UWB technology applied to location systems operating in the millimeter-wave frequency band. Sub-nanosecond impulse topologies are considered to achieve indoor location systems operating at 60 GHz. For each system, an original focusing technique is implemented to minimize the degradation of the location error due to the impact of the multipath propagation.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130909147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060270
A. Fiche, S. Angélliaume, L. Rosenberg, A. Khenchaf
This paper investigates the statistical analysis of two low grazing angle (3° and 10°) synthetic aperture radar datasets collected by ONERA's SETHI X-band radar off the coast of France. The focus of the work is to find the most suitable probability density function which matches the data. Particular attention is paid to the tail region, where the threshold is determined in a detection scenario. To measure the effectiveness of each model fit, the Bhattacharyya metric has been extended to measure the goodness of fit in this region.
{"title":"Statistical analysis of low grazing angle high resolution X-band SAR sea clutter","authors":"A. Fiche, S. Angélliaume, L. Rosenberg, A. Khenchaf","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060270","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the statistical analysis of two low grazing angle (3° and 10°) synthetic aperture radar datasets collected by ONERA's SETHI X-band radar off the coast of France. The focus of the work is to find the most suitable probability density function which matches the data. Particular attention is paid to the tail region, where the threshold is determined in a detection scenario. To measure the effectiveness of each model fit, the Bhattacharyya metric has been extended to measure the goodness of fit in this region.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132900221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060427
Jean-François Degurse, L. Savy, S. Marcos
Classical space-time adaptive processing (STAP) detectors are strongly limited when facing highly heterogeneous environments. Indeed, in this case, representative target free data are no longer available. Single dataset algorithms such as the MLED algorithm, have proved their efficiency in overcoming this problem by only working on primary data. These methods are based on the APES algorithm which removes the useful signal from the covariance matrix. However, a small part of the clutter signal is also removed from the covariance matrix in this operation. Consequently a degradation of clutter rejection performance is observed. We propose two algorithms that use deterministic-aided STAP to overcome this issue of the single dataset APES method. The results on realistic simulated data and real data show that these methods outperform traditional single dataset methods in detection and in clutter rejection.
{"title":"Single dataset methods and deterministic-aided STAP for heterogeneous environments","authors":"Jean-François Degurse, L. Savy, S. Marcos","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060427","url":null,"abstract":"Classical space-time adaptive processing (STAP) detectors are strongly limited when facing highly heterogeneous environments. Indeed, in this case, representative target free data are no longer available. Single dataset algorithms such as the MLED algorithm, have proved their efficiency in overcoming this problem by only working on primary data. These methods are based on the APES algorithm which removes the useful signal from the covariance matrix. However, a small part of the clutter signal is also removed from the covariance matrix in this operation. Consequently a degradation of clutter rejection performance is observed. We propose two algorithms that use deterministic-aided STAP to overcome this issue of the single dataset APES method. The results on realistic simulated data and real data show that these methods outperform traditional single dataset methods in detection and in clutter rejection.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134499813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060334
A. Blyakhman, V. Burov, A. V. Myakinkov, A. G. Ryndyk
The capabilities of detection of low-observable unmanned aerial vehicles via the forward scattering radar are considered. The configuration of multi-static forward scattering radar enabling the improvement of target detection efficiency is proposed. The forward scattering radar cross section of the widely spread unmanned aerial vehicles is calculated. The required power of the airborne transmitter is estimated.
{"title":"Detection of unmanned aerial vehicles via multi-static forward scattering radar with airborne transmit positions","authors":"A. Blyakhman, V. Burov, A. V. Myakinkov, A. G. Ryndyk","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060334","url":null,"abstract":"The capabilities of detection of low-observable unmanned aerial vehicles via the forward scattering radar are considered. The configuration of multi-static forward scattering radar enabling the improvement of target detection efficiency is proposed. The forward scattering radar cross section of the widely spread unmanned aerial vehicles is calculated. The required power of the airborne transmitter is estimated.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115804986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060391
A. Massa, G. Oliveri
The synthesis of high-performance and complex electromagnetic devices is carried out through an innovative approach. The features of metasurfaces and metamaterials are exploited to design innovative field manipulation devices. More in detail, a set of instances of the System-by-Design paradigm are applied to the synthesis of metasurface and metamaterial-enhanced electromagnetic devices in order to demonstrate the flexibility, modularity, and performance of the arising synthesis tools as well as of the obtained devices. Selected numerical examples are reported to give the readers some insights on the potentialities of the proposed synthesis framework.
{"title":"Metasurface and metamaterial by design","authors":"A. Massa, G. Oliveri","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060391","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of high-performance and complex electromagnetic devices is carried out through an innovative approach. The features of metasurfaces and metamaterials are exploited to design innovative field manipulation devices. More in detail, a set of instances of the System-by-Design paradigm are applied to the synthesis of metasurface and metamaterial-enhanced electromagnetic devices in order to demonstrate the flexibility, modularity, and performance of the arising synthesis tools as well as of the obtained devices. Selected numerical examples are reported to give the readers some insights on the potentialities of the proposed synthesis framework.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124565477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060328
M. Adjrad, S. Dudley, M. Ghavami
This paper studies the feasibility of estimating vital signs exploiting commercially available Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) radar. The focus is on extracting breathing and heart beat rates following the consideration of a nonstationary analytical model for the reflected signal from the human body. The Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT), which is adaptive to nonlinear and nonstationary signals, is proposed and applied to the intrinsic mode functions of the received signal providing frequency information evolving with time and quantifying the amount of variation due to different signal content contribution. Experimental results are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed technique for determining respiration and heartbeat rates.
{"title":"Experimental vital signs estimation using commercially available IR-UWB radar","authors":"M. Adjrad, S. Dudley, M. Ghavami","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060328","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the feasibility of estimating vital signs exploiting commercially available Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) radar. The focus is on extracting breathing and heart beat rates following the consideration of a nonstationary analytical model for the reflected signal from the human body. The Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT), which is adaptive to nonlinear and nonstationary signals, is proposed and applied to the intrinsic mode functions of the received signal providing frequency information evolving with time and quantifying the amount of variation due to different signal content contribution. Experimental results are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed technique for determining respiration and heartbeat rates.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124502222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060396
N. Deltimple, Victor Dupuy, E. Kerhervé, B. Mallet-Guy, Claude Auric, J. Plaze, Y. Mancuso, P. Garrec
A fully integrated two-stage power amplifier is described for 4-6 W saturated output power over a 4GHz to 11GHz frequency range. The PA topology is chosen to obtain the best bandwidth, output power and Power Added Efficiency (PAE). The output stage is composed of two unit power cells and the power recombination is made by a stacked balun. The differential input of the power stage is provided by the first stage which realized a single to differentiel conversion. The PA is designed and fabricated in a 0.25μm GaN integrated technology from UMS foundry. Both simulations and measurement results are presented. This GaN PA provides 38 dBm of maximum saturated power and 18% to 31% peak PAE in the 4GHz to 11GHz frequency range.
{"title":"A compact fully integrated GaN high power amplifier for C-X band applications","authors":"N. Deltimple, Victor Dupuy, E. Kerhervé, B. Mallet-Guy, Claude Auric, J. Plaze, Y. Mancuso, P. Garrec","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060396","url":null,"abstract":"A fully integrated two-stage power amplifier is described for 4-6 W saturated output power over a 4GHz to 11GHz frequency range. The PA topology is chosen to obtain the best bandwidth, output power and Power Added Efficiency (PAE). The output stage is composed of two unit power cells and the power recombination is made by a stacked balun. The differential input of the power stage is provided by the first stage which realized a single to differentiel conversion. The PA is designed and fabricated in a 0.25μm GaN integrated technology from UMS foundry. Both simulations and measurement results are presented. This GaN PA provides 38 dBm of maximum saturated power and 18% to 31% peak PAE in the 4GHz to 11GHz frequency range.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"53 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124646752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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