Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060262
S. Doo, G. Smith, Chris Baker
In this paper, a novel point scatterer model is introduced that is able to accurately represent complex targets. It is well known that radar measurement data are highly sensitive to minute azimuth angle shifts or trivial target structure variations. Signal fluctuations caused by relative phase differences among scatterers is commonly regarded as the source of this sensitivity. This sensitivity can be demonstrated through interference of just two point scatterers. Less well known are the effects of “phase jumps”, and the results of matched filtering. All of these are included in our model. Results for 3-D representations of T-72 tank models are generated. Target length and range profile variability patterns are extracted from the target models and compared with real target measurement data, the MSTAR dataset. They show remarkably close similarity in both comparisons.
{"title":"Point scatterer modeling of complex targets","authors":"S. Doo, G. Smith, Chris Baker","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060262","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel point scatterer model is introduced that is able to accurately represent complex targets. It is well known that radar measurement data are highly sensitive to minute azimuth angle shifts or trivial target structure variations. Signal fluctuations caused by relative phase differences among scatterers is commonly regarded as the source of this sensitivity. This sensitivity can be demonstrated through interference of just two point scatterers. Less well known are the effects of “phase jumps”, and the results of matched filtering. All of these are included in our model. Results for 3-D representations of T-72 tank models are generated. Target length and range profile variability patterns are extracted from the target models and compared with real target measurement data, the MSTAR dataset. They show remarkably close similarity in both comparisons.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129637806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060253
Alexey S. Narykov, O. Krasnov, A. Yarovoy
Radar resource management (RRM) is an active research field that has a strong practical importance and attracts the attention of both the scientists and industry experts. A discussion of the various approaches to RRM became essentially a discussion on how to formulate the optimization problem. Although much work has been done on optimal performance-based RRM, the approaches that take mission objectives into account still belong to the domain of heuristic RRM. This paper proposes a shift from performance-based management and presents a novel effectiveness-based approach to optimal RRM. The approach is illustrated with a case study of a single target tracking.
{"title":"Effectiveness-based radar resource management for target tracking","authors":"Alexey S. Narykov, O. Krasnov, A. Yarovoy","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060253","url":null,"abstract":"Radar resource management (RRM) is an active research field that has a strong practical importance and attracts the attention of both the scientists and industry experts. A discussion of the various approaches to RRM became essentially a discussion on how to formulate the optimization problem. Although much work has been done on optimal performance-based RRM, the approaches that take mission objectives into account still belong to the domain of heuristic RRM. This paper proposes a shift from performance-based management and presents a novel effectiveness-based approach to optimal RRM. The approach is illustrated with a case study of a single target tracking.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130957852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060369
David Kenney, Drew Stroter, J. Staudinger, Eugin Cherkansky
Development of a ground-based foliage penetration (FOPEN) radar would significantly aid surveillance and border protection of forested regions; however it presents several design challenges. Transmission through dense foliage yields substantial two-way attenuation losses, more than 50 dB through 400m of forest at VHF/UHF frequencies. The need to operate at lower frequencies also imposes challenges to fielding a portable system. An ultra-wideband (UWB) FOPEN radar prototype has been developed with the goal of detecting slow moving human targets through dense foliage while maintaining a portable size. Field testing of the system has yielded favorable comparisons to theory with detection to 1200m in tower mounted, mixed foliage scenarios and to 300m in tripod mounted, dense foliage scenarios.
{"title":"Design challenges and capability of a ground-based foliage penetration radar","authors":"David Kenney, Drew Stroter, J. Staudinger, Eugin Cherkansky","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060369","url":null,"abstract":"Development of a ground-based foliage penetration (FOPEN) radar would significantly aid surveillance and border protection of forested regions; however it presents several design challenges. Transmission through dense foliage yields substantial two-way attenuation losses, more than 50 dB through 400m of forest at VHF/UHF frequencies. The need to operate at lower frequencies also imposes challenges to fielding a portable system. An ultra-wideband (UWB) FOPEN radar prototype has been developed with the goal of detecting slow moving human targets through dense foliage while maintaining a portable size. Field testing of the system has yielded favorable comparisons to theory with detection to 1200m in tower mounted, mixed foliage scenarios and to 300m in tripod mounted, dense foliage scenarios.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129693593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060389
G. Rubio-Cidre, A. Badolato, Luis Úbeda-Medina, B. Mencia-Oliva, J. Grajal, A. García-Pino, B. Gonzalez-Valdes, Oscar Rubinos Lopez
A complete characterization of a 300 GHz high-resolution imaging radar with large Field of View is carried out in order to optimize its operational parameters. This imaging radar has been designed for standoff detection in security applications. The characterization is focused primarily on the spatial and range resolution. The results show that the imaging radar presents a resolution better than 2 cm. 3D images revealing a threat hidden under clothing validate the imaging radar performance.
{"title":"Characterization of a 300 GHz imaging radar for standoff detection","authors":"G. Rubio-Cidre, A. Badolato, Luis Úbeda-Medina, B. Mencia-Oliva, J. Grajal, A. García-Pino, B. Gonzalez-Valdes, Oscar Rubinos Lopez","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060389","url":null,"abstract":"A complete characterization of a 300 GHz high-resolution imaging radar with large Field of View is carried out in order to optimize its operational parameters. This imaging radar has been designed for standoff detection in security applications. The characterization is focused primarily on the spatial and range resolution. The results show that the imaging radar presents a resolution better than 2 cm. 3D images revealing a threat hidden under clothing validate the imaging radar performance.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114312214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060321
Lars W. Jochumsen, M. O. Pedersen, K. Hansen, S. H. Jensen, J. Ostergaard
In this paper, it is shown that kinematic and static features are very useful in on-line classification of surveillance radar tracks based on real radar data. A simple classifier called recursive Gaussian mixture model (RGMM) is constructed using a recursive naive Bayesian approach combined with a multivariate GMM. The kinematic features used in the RGMM classifier are speed and normal acceleration, the geographic features are road, sea, land and the sensor features are intensities. It is then shown that if the feature vector is augmented with information about the temporal dynamics of the kinematic parameters, a substantial improvement in target classification is achieved. The classifiers are tested with several target classes relevant for coastal surveillance and different data sources such as radar and GPS. The proposed algorithms are classifying with 86% accuracy with 10 target classes versus 78% for the RGMM classifier.
{"title":"Recursive Bayesian classification of surveillance radar tracks based on kinematic with temporal dynamics and static features","authors":"Lars W. Jochumsen, M. O. Pedersen, K. Hansen, S. H. Jensen, J. Ostergaard","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060321","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, it is shown that kinematic and static features are very useful in on-line classification of surveillance radar tracks based on real radar data. A simple classifier called recursive Gaussian mixture model (RGMM) is constructed using a recursive naive Bayesian approach combined with a multivariate GMM. The kinematic features used in the RGMM classifier are speed and normal acceleration, the geographic features are road, sea, land and the sensor features are intensities. It is then shown that if the feature vector is augmented with information about the temporal dynamics of the kinematic parameters, a substantial improvement in target classification is achieved. The classifiers are tested with several target classes relevant for coastal surveillance and different data sources such as radar and GPS. The proposed algorithms are classifying with 86% accuracy with 10 target classes versus 78% for the RGMM classifier.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116440017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060374
S. Azarian, Jean-Jacques Maintoux, F. Rible, Jeremy Maintoux
When a high speed meteoroid enters atmosphere, its ablation produced by friction with the air molecules ionizes the surrounding gas into a plasma reflecting electromagnetic waves. This phenomenon is well known for radars where the plasma creates a moving target reflecting back the transmitted pulses. This reflection mechanism is also the key for point to point communications where specific wireless systems are designed to use these opportunistic reflectors to open obstructed channels. Most meteoroids fully ablate during their atmospheric entry, from which micrometeorites will eventually reach the ground. For more massive objects which can survive to their atmospheric entry, it is of high interest for scientists and astronomers to collect fallen meteorites. Meteor detection and tracking is the core research work done in the RETRAM group. Conversely to most of the published work on the topic, this project uses passive radar techniques and continuous processing to detect falling objects and to try to estimate their trajectory. Experiment started in the vicinity of Paris, France. This paper describes the underlying physics and architecture of the system, the different illuminators of opportunity used and gives some results for the main showers since 2012.
{"title":"RETRAM: A network of passive radars to detect and track meteors","authors":"S. Azarian, Jean-Jacques Maintoux, F. Rible, Jeremy Maintoux","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060374","url":null,"abstract":"When a high speed meteoroid enters atmosphere, its ablation produced by friction with the air molecules ionizes the surrounding gas into a plasma reflecting electromagnetic waves. This phenomenon is well known for radars where the plasma creates a moving target reflecting back the transmitted pulses. This reflection mechanism is also the key for point to point communications where specific wireless systems are designed to use these opportunistic reflectors to open obstructed channels. Most meteoroids fully ablate during their atmospheric entry, from which micrometeorites will eventually reach the ground. For more massive objects which can survive to their atmospheric entry, it is of high interest for scientists and astronomers to collect fallen meteorites. Meteor detection and tracking is the core research work done in the RETRAM group. Conversely to most of the published work on the topic, this project uses passive radar techniques and continuous processing to detect falling objects and to try to estimate their trajectory. Experiment started in the vicinity of Paris, France. This paper describes the underlying physics and architecture of the system, the different illuminators of opportunity used and gives some results for the main showers since 2012.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134358420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060439
D. Gray, J. Le Kernec, J. Thornton
Initial numerical and experimental results are given for minimal layer lens antennas for Forward Looking Airborne Radar as the primary sensor onboard small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles adapted for fully autonomous long distance maritime patrol. 27dBi was achieved by a single material lens that is dimensionally compatible with the fuselage of a 6-meter class Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Numerical results for 2 and 3 layer lenses up to 38dBi directivity were given, been comparable to the reflector antennas presently used in P-3C and P-8A manned maritime patrol aircraft.
{"title":"Assessment of Sochacki lenses for autonomous maritime patrol FLAR","authors":"D. Gray, J. Le Kernec, J. Thornton","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060439","url":null,"abstract":"Initial numerical and experimental results are given for minimal layer lens antennas for Forward Looking Airborne Radar as the primary sensor onboard small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles adapted for fully autonomous long distance maritime patrol. 27dBi was achieved by a single material lens that is dimensionally compatible with the fuselage of a 6-meter class Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Numerical results for 2 and 3 layer lenses up to 38dBi directivity were given, been comparable to the reflector antennas presently used in P-3C and P-8A manned maritime patrol aircraft.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134095595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060314
C. Bourlier, H. Li, V. Fabbro
One popular approach to solve the sea surface scattering and propagation in a ducting environment is the parabolic wave equation (PWE) method. An alternative method is the boundary integral equations (BIE) method. The implementation of the BIE in inhomogeneous media (ducting environments) is not straightforward, however, since the Green's function for such a medium is not usually known. In this paper, a closed-form approximation of the Green's function for a two-dimensional (2-D) ducting environment made up of a duct having a linear-square refractive index profile below a medium of constant refractive index, recently published, is used. This paper demonstrates how the BIE method can model the combined effects of surface roughness and medium inhomogeneity. Furthermore, it illustrates its capability of accurately predicting scattering in all directions including backscattering. Then, the PWE combined with the Split-Step Fourier (SSF) method is compared with this method.
{"title":"Radar propagation modeling using the boundary integral equations in a maritime environment with a duct","authors":"C. Bourlier, H. Li, V. Fabbro","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060314","url":null,"abstract":"One popular approach to solve the sea surface scattering and propagation in a ducting environment is the parabolic wave equation (PWE) method. An alternative method is the boundary integral equations (BIE) method. The implementation of the BIE in inhomogeneous media (ducting environments) is not straightforward, however, since the Green's function for such a medium is not usually known. In this paper, a closed-form approximation of the Green's function for a two-dimensional (2-D) ducting environment made up of a duct having a linear-square refractive index profile below a medium of constant refractive index, recently published, is used. This paper demonstrates how the BIE method can model the combined effects of surface roughness and medium inhomogeneity. Furthermore, it illustrates its capability of accurately predicting scattering in all directions including backscattering. Then, the PWE combined with the Split-Step Fourier (SSF) method is compared with this method.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133224156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060462
A. Bacci, M. Martorella, D. Gray, F. Berizzi
Non-cooperative moving targets appear defocussed within SAR images. Moreover, in the case of ground targets, the blurring effect due to the uncompensated target motion decreases detection capabilities. In this work, clutter suppression by means of Space Doppler Adaptive Processing and ISAR imaging are combined to obtain high resolution images of non-cooperative moving targets within SAR images. Results obtained by processing a real dataset prove the effectiveness of the proposed processing chain.
{"title":"High resolution imaging of moving ground targets via clutter mitigation and ISAR processing","authors":"A. Bacci, M. Martorella, D. Gray, F. Berizzi","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060462","url":null,"abstract":"Non-cooperative moving targets appear defocussed within SAR images. Moreover, in the case of ground targets, the blurring effect due to the uncompensated target motion decreases detection capabilities. In this work, clutter suppression by means of Space Doppler Adaptive Processing and ISAR imaging are combined to obtain high resolution images of non-cooperative moving targets within SAR images. Results obtained by processing a real dataset prove the effectiveness of the proposed processing chain.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116148482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060326
M. Khodjet-Kesba, K. El Khamlichi Drissi, Sukhan Lee, C. Faure, C. Pasquier, K. Kerroum
In this paper, we propose a robust method for UWB automatic radar classification in white Gaussian noise and different aspect angles between the radar and the target. The method is based on the use of Matrix Pencil Method in Frequency Domain (MPMFD) for feature extraction and Mahalanobis Distance for classification. In order to test the accuracy of the proposed method, we have used complex target geometries modeled by perfectly conducting, straight, thin wires. Simulation results show that accurate results of radar target classification can be obtained by the proposed method. In addition, we prove that the proposed method has better ability to tolerate noise effects in radar target classification.
本文提出了一种在高斯白噪声和雷达与目标之间不同迎角条件下的超宽带雷达自动分类方法。该方法基于频域矩阵铅笔法(Matrix Pencil method in Frequency Domain, MPMFD)进行特征提取，马氏距离(Mahalanobis Distance)进行分类。为了测试所提出方法的准确性，我们使用了复杂的目标几何形状，这些几何形状是由完美导电的、直的、细的导线模拟的。仿真结果表明，该方法能够获得较准确的雷达目标分类结果。此外，我们还证明了该方法在雷达目标分类中具有较好的抗噪声能力。
{"title":"Robust UWB radar target classification in white Gaussian noise based on Matrix Pencil Method in Frequency Domain and Mahalanobis Distance","authors":"M. Khodjet-Kesba, K. El Khamlichi Drissi, Sukhan Lee, C. Faure, C. Pasquier, K. Kerroum","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060326","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a robust method for UWB automatic radar classification in white Gaussian noise and different aspect angles between the radar and the target. The method is based on the use of Matrix Pencil Method in Frequency Domain (MPMFD) for feature extraction and Mahalanobis Distance for classification. In order to test the accuracy of the proposed method, we have used complex target geometries modeled by perfectly conducting, straight, thin wires. Simulation results show that accurate results of radar target classification can be obtained by the proposed method. In addition, we prove that the proposed method has better ability to tolerate noise effects in radar target classification.","PeriodicalId":317910,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Radar Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122368776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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