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THE PREFERRED EXTERNALITIES-CORRECTING SYSTEM FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATION 实际应用中的首选外部效应校正系统
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.22190/teme231119014d
Srđan Đinđić
This study sets two goals which are represented by the answers to the following two basic questions. What are the possibilities of national policy-makers in terms of the efficient correction of negative externalities? Since available externality correction systems give suboptimal ex post results, which system is preferable, and under what conditions? The possibilities of the policy-maker to ensure the social optimum are determined by ‘enlightenment’ (‘knowledge’) and ‘commitment’ to social goals. When the actual (ex post) marginal private costs for emission reduction are higher than the planned (ex ante) marginal private costs for emission reduction, and when the marginal social benefit is elastic, the Cap-and-Trade system is more undesirable than the price system. When the actual (ex post) marginal private costs for emission reduction are greater than the planned (ex ante) marginal private costs for emission reduction, and when the marginal social benefit is inelastic, the price system is more undesirable than Cap-and-Trade system.
本研究设定了两个目标,即回答以下两个基本问题。国家决策者在有效纠正负外部性方面有哪些可能性?既然现有的外部性纠正系统会产生次优的事后结果,那么哪种系统更可取?决策者确保社会最优的可能性取决于 "悟性"("知识")和对社会目标的 "承诺"。当实际(事后)的边际私人减排成本高于计划(事前)的边际私人减排成本,且边际社会效益具有弹性时,限额交易制度比价格制度更不可取。当减排的实际(事后)边际私人成本高于减排的计划(事前)边际私人成本,且边际社会效益无弹性时,价格体系比总量控制与交易体系更不可取。
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引用次数: 0
TENETS OF THE SLOW FOOD MOVEMENT AS MOTIVATION FOR TOURISTS TO VISIT RURAL TOURIST HOUSEHOLDS IN SERBIA 慢食运动的原则促使游客访问塞尔维亚乡村旅游家庭
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.22190/teme230619011l
Darija Lunić, Tamara Surla, Tatjana Pivac, Roberto Micera
Local cuisine is one of the foundations for how Serbian rural communities are presented to tourists. The desire for regional cuisine has recently increased, which has created opportunities for the promotion of regional and, most importantly, traditional production. The changing behaviours of travellers, who are becoming more conscious of the value of authenticity and quality when travelling, offer opportunities for rural areas to thrive while also creating a new horizon for tourism centered on the discovery of traditional cuisine and rural communities. This kind of travel can be compared to slow travel, which was developed in conjunction with the Slow Food movement. The Slow Food movement is a political and cultural movement with the goal of opposing the industrialisation of food production, promoting locally made, high-quality, sustainable food, and making a significant contribution to rural areas. Three guiding principles – good, clean, and fair – define what food should be and form the foundation of this movement. The major objective of this paper is to present the driving elements that have the biggest impact on tourists’ enthusiasm to visit rural tourist houses in Serbia. The research also seeks to determine how much the respondents’ desire to return to Serbia’s rural tourist households is influenced by motivating factors.
地方美食是向游客展示塞尔维亚农村社区的基础之一。最近,人们对地方美食的需求有所增加,这为推广地方美食,最重要的是推广传统美食创造了机会。旅行者的行为不断变化,他们在旅行时越来越意识到真实性和质量的价值,这为农村地区的繁荣提供了机会,同时也为以发现传统美食和农村社区为中心的旅游业开辟了新的前景。这种旅游可以与慢游相提并论,后者是与慢食运动(Slow Food movement)共同发展起来的。慢食运动是一场政治和文化运动,其目标是反对食品生产的工业化,推广本地制造的优质、可持续食品,并为农村地区做出重大贡献。三项指导原则--良好、清洁和公平--定义了食品应该是什么,并构成了这一运动的基础。本文的主要目的是介绍对游客访问塞尔维亚乡村旅游屋的热情产生最大影响的驱动因素。研究还试图确定受访者重返塞尔维亚乡村旅游屋的愿望在多大程度上受驱动因素的影响。
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引用次数: 0
DOES EMPLOYER BRANDING RETAIN EMPLOYEES? JOB SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATOR 雇主品牌能否留住员工?以工作满意度为中介
Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.22190/teme230227006s
Marko Slavković, Marija Mirić
The development and quality of human capital determine contemporary companies’ long–term competitive potential. Consequently, in addition to the goods and services market, companies aspire to be competitive in the labour market in order to acquire and retain skilled employees. Creating a distinct employer brand is a successful strategic reaction by top management to the increasing pressures to reduce turnover rates. This study aims to look at job satisfaction’s role as a mediator in the link between employer brand and employee retention. The research was conducted on a sample of 128 companies in the Republic of Serbia, with primary data acquired by the survey method. We applied the PLS-SEM and found that satisfaction acts as a competitive mediator in the relationship between organisational culture and employee retention, and as a complete mediator in the link between training and development, and retention. Furthermore, the analysis showed that job satisfaction appears as a complementary intervening variable in the employer reputation-employee retention path. The study provides a foundation for a more comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of the interaction between the investigated components of the employer brand and staff retention, as well as assistance for management decision-making in the creation of initiatives to prevent voluntary turnover.
人力资本的发展和质量决定了当代企业的长期竞争潜力。因此,除了商品和服务市场,企业还希望在劳动力市场上具有竞争力,以获得并留住有技能的员工。创建一个与众不同的雇主品牌,是高层管理者对日益增大的降低员工流失率压力做出的成功战略反应。本研究旨在探讨工作满意度在雇主品牌与留住员工之间的中介作用。研究以塞尔维亚共和国的 128 家公司为样本,通过调查法获得了第一手数据。我们运用 PLS-SEM,发现满意度在组织文化与员工保留率之间的关系中起着竞争性中介的作用,在培训和发展与员工保留率之间的关系中起着完全中介的作用。此外,分析表明,工作满意度在雇主声誉--员工保留路径中是一个互补的干预变量。这项研究为更全面地了解所调查的雇主品牌组成部分与员工保留之间的复杂互动性质奠定了基础,并有助于管理层在制定防止自愿离职的措施时做出决策。
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引用次数: 0
THE MADNESS OF TWO HEROES: HERACLES AND MARKO KRALJEVIĆ 两个英雄的疯狂:赫拉克勒斯和马尔科-克拉列维奇
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.22190/teme221104053v
S. Vukadinović, I. Radulović
The motif of insanity was quite frequent in Ancient Greek Literature. In turns, it was viewed as obsession, illness, or just and justified punishment. Insanity always brought some kind of self-inspection and self-cognition. Heracles is an ancient hero who committed a crime against his closest relatives in a state of severe madness. The Serbian epic hero Marko Kraljević shared a similar fate. The authors of the paper will investigate the motives of insanity of both heroes in two different, but traditionally close cultures: Greek and South Slavic. The motif of heroic madness is explored in tragedies related to Heracles, and in Serbian epic poetry known as the epic cycle of Marko Kraljević.
精神错乱这一主题在古希腊文学中十分常见。精神错乱反过来又被视为痴迷、疾病或公正合理的惩罚。精神错乱总是带来某种自我反省和自我认知。赫拉克勒斯是一位古代英雄,他在严重精神错乱的状态下对自己的至亲犯下了罪行。塞尔维亚史诗英雄马尔科-克拉列维奇也有类似的命运。本文作者将研究这两位英雄在两种不同但传统上接近的文化中精神错乱的动机:希腊文化和南斯拉夫文化。在与赫拉克勒斯有关的悲剧和塞尔维亚史诗《马尔科-克拉列维奇史诗集》中探讨了英雄疯狂的主题。
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引用次数: 0
THE INFLUENCE OF THE STANDARD OF LIVING ON BREAST CANCER MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN EUROPE IN THE PERIOD BETWEEN 2017 AND 2019 2017 至 2019 年期间生活水平对欧洲乳腺癌发病率和死亡率的影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.22190/teme221121054n
Tereza Nanaši, Ivan Marinković, Ivana Poljak
This paper explores the hypothesis that there is a connection between the standard of living (expressed by the Human Development Index) and the standardised rates of breast cancer incidence and mortality in the female population of Europe. The examination whether the standard of living has an impact on breast cancer incidence and mortality is based on the use of bivariate correlation, as the simplest form of quantitative analysis of two variables which seeks to determine the empirical relationship between them. The second part of the analysis involves the determination of linear relationships using simple linear regression analysis models testing the average impact of the Human Development Index on the standardised breast cancer incidence and mortality rates. The analysis takes into account the importance of yet another socioeconomic factor – response to screening, which can have a major impact on breast cancer mortality.
本文探讨了生活水平(以人类发展指数表示)与欧洲女性乳腺癌发病率和死亡率之间存在联系的假设。生活水平对乳腺癌发病率和死亡率是否有影响的研究是基于双变量相关性的使用,这是对两个变量进行定量分析的最简单形式,旨在确定它们之间的经验关系。分析的第二部分是利用简单的线性回归分析模型确定线性关系,检验人类发展指数对标准化乳腺癌发病率和死亡率的平均影响。该分析考虑到了另一个社会经济因素--对筛查的反应--的重要性,它可能对乳腺癌死亡率产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF LIP-READING 读唇术的作用和意义
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.22190/teme230125057k
Tamara R. Kovačević, Ljubica Isaković
Lip-reading is a complex psychophysiological process, which involves the visual perception of oral movements, their kinaesthetic memorisation, and the psychological act of recognising (identifying) words for their better understanding. The need of each person to supplement and clarify the received message is emphasised by the careful observation of the face and lips, especially in unfavourable environmental conditions. The main aim of the study is to point to the role, importance, specific features, and the benefits and limitations of lip-reading through the review of available literature. The methods of analysis and evaluation were applied to the relevant available literature. Numerous pieces of data on the characteristics, factors and features which affect lip-reading were obtained. Lip-reading, i.e. the ability to understand speech on the basis of observing the movements of speech organs is a very specific skill. It is one of the components of speech development, and it represents a part of the communication speech chain which comprises the speaker and the one who reads speech. It has a manifold application in the transcription of speech in cases when sound is not available. What can have a negative impact on the perception of speech is the possibility of sound and lip movements not being synchronised. It is of particular significance for deaf persons and persons hard of hearing who rely on this process fully in their everyday communication, which makes it easier for them to receive information from their surroundings. It enables their better communication, education, independence and coping in their daily functioning.
唇读是一个复杂的心理生理过程,包括对口腔动作的视觉感知、动觉记忆以及为更好地理解而识别(辨认)词语的心理行为。每个人都需要通过仔细观察面部和嘴唇来补充和澄清接收到的信息,尤其是在不利的环境条件下。本研究的主要目的是通过对现有文献的回顾,指出读唇术的作用、重要性、具体特点、益处和局限性。分析和评估方法适用于现有的相关文献。我们获得了大量有关影响唇读的特点、因素和特征的数据。唇读,即通过观察发音器官的动作来理解语音的能力,是一种非常特殊的技能。它是语音发展的组成部分之一,是由说话者和读唇者组成的交流语音链的一部分。在没有声音的情况下,它在语音转录中有着多方面的应用。声音和嘴唇动作不同步可能对语音感知产生负面影响。这对聋人和重听人来说意义尤为重大,他们在日常交流中完全依赖这一过程,这使他们更容易从周围环境中接收信息。这使他们在日常活动中能够更好地交流、接受教育、独立和应对。
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引用次数: 0
THE CONCEPT OF HABITUS IN THE RESEARCH OF DIGITAL DIVIDES AND INEQUALITIES 数字鸿沟和不平等研究中的习性概念
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.22190/teme221221055r
Dušan Ristić, Aleksej Kišjuhas
In the paper, we discuss the relevance of the concept of habitus, developed by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, in the research of social inequalities and divides in digital practices. We approach digitalisation as a field of practice and social inequality, in which social processes are deeply imbued with the mediation of technologies. We particularly emphasise dimensions and levels of digital inequalities and divides, including the first-level digital divide that points to Internet access, the second-level digital divide that aims to differentiate the binary inequalities of Internet access from inequalities in skills and uses, and the third-level digital divide that poses the question of inequalities in the outcomes of Internet use. We present relevant empirical studies, with the aim of testing our main hypothesis regarding the relevance of the concept of habitus as an adequate research tool in the field. We confirm the hypothesis, demonstrating that this concept has both theoretical and methodological significance in the research of digital divides and inequalities.
在本文中,我们讨论了法国社会学家皮埃尔-布尔迪厄(Pierre Bourdieu)提出的 "习性"(habitus)概念在研究数字化实践中的社会不平等和鸿沟方面的相关性。我们将数字化视为一个实践和社会不平等的领域,其中的社会进程深深融入了技术的中介作用。我们特别强调数字不平等和鸿沟的层面和层次,包括指向互联网接入的第一层数字鸿沟,旨在区分互联网接入的二元不平等与技能和使用不平等的第二层数字鸿沟,以及提出互联网使用结果不平等问题的第三层数字鸿沟。我们介绍了相关的实证研究,目的是检验我们关于 "习性 "概念作为该领域适当研究工具的相关性的主要假设。我们证实了这一假设,表明这一概念在数字鸿沟和不平等研究中具有理论和方法论意义。
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引用次数: 0
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MOTIVATIONAL FACTOR OF CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE ACCEPTANCE OF FOREIGN BRANDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA 文化智能这一激励因素对塞尔维亚共和国接受外国品牌的影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.22190/teme230515059s
Srđan Šapić, Jovana Filipović, Stefan Zdravković
Cultural intelligence represents a set of competencies and skills that enable a person to adapt in situations that are multicultural in nature. It consists of four basic factors, namely the metacognitive, cognitive, motivational and behavioural factors. The main goal of this paper is to examine the influence of the motivational factor of cultural intelligence on the decision of consumers from the Republic of Serbia to accept foreign brands. Empirical research was carried out using the survey method, the total number of respondents in the sample is 122, their answers were analysed using statistical software SPSS, and the statistical analyses used were reliability analysis, correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, the ANOVA test, and the T-test for two independent samples. The results of the research show that the motivational factor of cultural intelligence achieves a positive influence on the decision of consumers to accept foreign brands, that the degree of cultural intelligence is equally pronounced among people belonging to Generations X, Y and Z, as well as that the degree of cultural intelligence is more pronounced among people with a university level education compared to people with a high school education. The existing research gap in scientific literature is filled by the results of this research, while the managerial implications of the study are reflected in the provision of information to marketers about the importance of the cultural intelligence of consumers. In other words, it is emphasised that this group of consumers has cosmopolitan views, that they are part of a global consumer culture, that they are innovative, and that they buy foreign brands, which should be taken into account when formulating a marketing strategy.
文化智能代表了一套使人能够适应多元文化环境的能力和技能。它包括四个基本因素,即元认知因素、认知因素、动机因素和行为因素。本文的主要目的是研究文化智能的动机因素对塞尔维亚共和国消费者决定接受外国品牌的影响。实证研究采用调查法进行,样本中的受访者总数为 122 人,他们的回答使用统计软件 SPSS 进行分析,使用的统计分析方法包括信度分析、相关分析、简单回归分析、方差分析检验和两个独立样本的 T 检验。研究结果表明,文化智商这一动机因素对消费者接受外国品牌的决策产生了积极影响,X、Y、Z 三代人的文化智商程度同样明显,与高中文化程度的人相比,大学文化程度的人的文化智商程度更加明显。本研究成果填补了科学文献中现有的研究空白,而研究的管理意义则体现在为营销人员提供了有关消费者文化智能重要性的信息。换句话说,研究强调了这一消费者群体具有世界主义观点,他们是全球消费文化的一部分,他们具有创新精神,他们购买外国品牌,在制定营销战略时应考虑到这一点。
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引用次数: 0
CRYPTOCURRENCIES AND CRIME 加密货币与犯罪
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.22190/teme220701060d
Darko Dimovski
In the introductory part of the paper, the author briefly explores the emergence of the first cryptocurrency (Bitcoin), which was initially devised for the purpose of securing easier transactions without intermediaries. Criminals soon realised that cryptocurrencies, due to their inherent characteristics, could provide them with anonymity. As other cryptocurrencies (altcoins) emerged, it was necessary to define their conceptual framework. While cryptocurrencies were initially used in illegal sales of narcotics, their application soon spread to a number of other criminal activities. In that context, the author first presents the reasons that led criminals to turn to cryptocurrencies in their financial transactions, and then explains the possible uses of cryptocurrencies in the commission of crime. The central part of the paper provides examples of criminal activities committed by using cryptocurrencies. It is reasonable to expect that, in the future, the use of cryptocurrencies will extend to other criminal activities, which are still unaffected by the trend that has existed for the last ten years.
在本文的导言部分,作者简要探讨了第一种加密货币(比特币)的出现。犯罪分子很快意识到,加密货币因其固有的特性,可以为他们提供匿名性。随着其他加密货币(altcoins)的出现,有必要确定其概念框架。虽然加密货币最初被用于非法销售麻醉品,但其应用很快扩展到其他一些犯罪活动。在此背景下,作者首先介绍了导致犯罪分子在金融交易中转向加密货币的原因,然后解释了加密货币在犯罪中的可能用途。本文的中心部分提供了利用加密货币实施犯罪活动的实例。我们有理由期待,在未来,加密货币的使用将扩展到其他犯罪活动,而这些犯罪活动在过去十年中仍未受到这一趋势的影响。
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引用次数: 0
MCDM METHODS-BASED ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 基于 MDM 方法的学习管理系统评估
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.22190/teme230209058p
Đorđe Pucar, Gabrijela Popović, Goran Milovanović
The paper proposes a Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods-based approach to assess Learning Management Systems (LMS). The proposed approach includes the objective weighting method MEREC, used to determine the criteria weights, and CRADIS, applied in assessing alternatives and choosing the optimal one. It is revealed that the objectivity degree decreases when the qualitative type of criteria, which strongly depends on the subjective opinion of decision-makers, is used. The proposed approach gave adequate results, confirmed by conducting a sensitivity analysis based on the TOPSIS, ARAS, and MARCOS methods, and by comparing the results with similar research studies.
本文提出了一种基于多重标准决策(MCDM)方法的学习管理系统(LMS)评估方法。该方法包括用于确定标准权重的客观加权法 MEREC 和用于评估备选方案并选择最优方案的 CRADIS。结果表明,当使用定性标准时,客观程度会降低,因为定性标准在很大程度上取决于决策者的主观意见。通过基于 TOPSIS、ARAS 和 MARCOS 方法进行敏感性分析,并将结果与类似的研究成果进行比较,证实了所提出的方法能够提供充分的结果。
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引用次数: 0
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