Galuh Chrismaningwang, H. Hardiyatmo, A. D. Adi, T. Fathani
One of the most common soft soil enhancement techniques used to expedite the consolidation time significantly is Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD). This technique needs a sufficient discharge capacity value because it primarily functions as a drainage channel. The deformation of PVD is considered as one of the primary factors which affect discharge capacity. Therefore, this research determined the influence of upper-side deformation on PVD's discharge capacity (qw) using a specific design apparatus known as ASTM D4716, which manages the determination of transmissivity and flow rate at the longitudinal direction of geosynthetics. Furthermore, two PVD samples with dimensions of 3 and 4 mm thickness, 100 mm width, and 1000 mm length were examined under straight and buckled conditions. Stepwise confining pressures from 50 to 200 kPa were subjected to the samples under hydraulic gradients with values of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0. The results showed that samples with greater thickness had higher discharge capacity, which significantly reduced in the lower hydraulic gradient. The deformation on the upper side of PVD induced a decrease of discharge capacity by approximately 13-16%, which led to a delay in the consolidation time. The discharge capacity values obtained from the experiments were employed as parameters in a time factor ratio of Th,w/Th. The analysis results show that the buckled PVD has a more considerable consolidation time due to the increase in the Th,w/Th ratio, with a discharge capacity value below 10-4 m3/s. It can be concluded that the deformation in the form of buckled conditions on the upper side of PVD had a considerable impact on PVD effectiveness.
{"title":"Effect of Well Resistance on Time Factor Ratio Due to PVD Deformation","authors":"Galuh Chrismaningwang, H. Hardiyatmo, A. D. Adi, T. Fathani","doi":"10.22146/jcef.64381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.64381","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common soft soil enhancement techniques used to expedite the consolidation time significantly is Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD). This technique needs a sufficient discharge capacity value because it primarily functions as a drainage channel. The deformation of PVD is considered as one of the primary factors which affect discharge capacity. Therefore, this research determined the influence of upper-side deformation on PVD's discharge capacity (qw) using a specific design apparatus known as ASTM D4716, which manages the determination of transmissivity and flow rate at the longitudinal direction of geosynthetics. Furthermore, two PVD samples with dimensions of 3 and 4 mm thickness, 100 mm width, and 1000 mm length were examined under straight and buckled conditions. Stepwise confining pressures from 50 to 200 kPa were subjected to the samples under hydraulic gradients with values of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0. The results showed that samples with greater thickness had higher discharge capacity, which significantly reduced in the lower hydraulic gradient. The deformation on the upper side of PVD induced a decrease of discharge capacity by approximately 13-16%, which led to a delay in the consolidation time. The discharge capacity values obtained from the experiments were employed as parameters in a time factor ratio of Th,w/Th. The analysis results show that the buckled PVD has a more considerable consolidation time due to the increase in the Th,w/Th ratio, with a discharge capacity value below 10-4 m3/s. It can be concluded that the deformation in the form of buckled conditions on the upper side of PVD had a considerable impact on PVD effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75562915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frequency analysis is a method for predicting the probability of future hydrological events based on historical data. Frequency analysis of rain data and discharge data is generally carried out using the moment method, but the moment method has a large bias, variant, and slope so that it has the potential to produce inaccurate hydrological design magnitudes. The L-moment method is a linear combination of Probability Weighted Moment which processes data in a concise and linear manner. This research was conducted that L-moment method will obtain a regional probability distribution and design rainfall which can be used as a basis for calculating hydrological planning in anticipation of disasters. The location of the study in Mount Merapi area was chosen in order to more accurately predict the maximum rainfall that could cause cold lava in the area to reduce the risk of loss to the people living around Mount Merapi. The results showed that the entire rainfall stations homogeneous and no data was released. The L-moment regional ratio results τ2R = 0.203, τ3R = 0.166, dan τ4R = 0.169. The homogeneity and heterogeneity tests show that all rainfall stations are uniform or homogeneous. No data were released from the discordance test results. Growth factor value increases in each design rainfall return periods. The regional probability distribution that is suitable for the research area is Generalized Logistic distribution with design rainfall equation has been formulated. Test model showed the minimum RBias = 0.45%, maximum RBias = 41.583%, minimum RRSME = 0.45%, and maximum RRSME = 71.01%. The stability of L-moment method showed by model test minimum error = 1.64% and maximum error = 16.60%.
{"title":"Regional Frequency Analysis of Rainfall Using L-Moment Method as A Design Rainfall Prediction","authors":"Devita Mayasari","doi":"10.22146/jcef.60498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.60498","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency analysis is a method for predicting the probability of future hydrological events based on historical data. Frequency analysis of rain data and discharge data is generally carried out using the moment method, but the moment method has a large bias, variant, and slope so that it has the potential to produce inaccurate hydrological design magnitudes. The L-moment method is a linear combination of Probability Weighted Moment which processes data in a concise and linear manner. This research was conducted that L-moment method will obtain a regional probability distribution and design rainfall which can be used as a basis for calculating hydrological planning in anticipation of disasters. The location of the study in Mount Merapi area was chosen in order to more accurately predict the maximum rainfall that could cause cold lava in the area to reduce the risk of loss to the people living around Mount Merapi. The results showed that the entire rainfall stations homogeneous and no data was released. The L-moment regional ratio results τ2R = 0.203, τ3R = 0.166, dan τ4R = 0.169. The homogeneity and heterogeneity tests show that all rainfall stations are uniform or homogeneous. No data were released from the discordance test results. Growth factor value increases in each design rainfall return periods. The regional probability distribution that is suitable for the research area is Generalized Logistic distribution with design rainfall equation has been formulated. Test model showed the minimum RBias = 0.45%, maximum RBias = 41.583%, minimum RRSME = 0.45%, and maximum RRSME = 71.01%. The stability of L-moment method showed by model test minimum error = 1.64% and maximum error = 16.60%.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"72 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83594283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water shortages has an impact on all aspects of life in Dili, Timor Leste. To support the government vision and program in water sector, a study on the developing of water resource management strategies has been carried out. The priority strategy has resulted that is developing water resource infrastructure to meet urban water demand. One action plan of this strategy is to build reservoir infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the construction of small or large reservoir to meet the water demand in Dili. Evaluation of the strategy implementation plan of the reservoirs development in the Beemos and Becora Rivers through analysis of the reliability and capacity of the reservoir using a simulation model of water release standard operating rules method. Water balance simulation results show that the reliability of clean water services from the two small reservoirs of Beemos and Becora cannot reach 100%, due to the limited capacity of the reservoir. The results of capacity optimization of large Beemos Reservoir show that the potential for inflow can be utilized 90%, therefore it can meet urban water demand until 2030. Although the simulation results show a good indication, the government still must carry out a detailed feasibility study in the upstream area before it is implemented. The developing of large reservoir can be recommended for implemented in the development of water resources to meet water demand in Dili therefore can support the Timor Leste's targets or vision in the water sector and the Sustainable Development Goals in the clean water and sanitation sector.
{"title":"Evaluation of Reservoir Capacity and Reliability for urban water purpose in Dili, Timor Leste","authors":"Aderita Mariana Takeleb, J. Sujono, R. Jayadi","doi":"10.22146/jcef.58538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.58538","url":null,"abstract":"Water shortages has an impact on all aspects of life in Dili, Timor Leste. To support the government vision and program in water sector, a study on the developing of water resource management strategies has been carried out. The priority strategy has resulted that is developing water resource infrastructure to meet urban water demand. One action plan of this strategy is to build reservoir infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the construction of small or large reservoir to meet the water demand in Dili. Evaluation of the strategy implementation plan of the reservoirs development in the Beemos and Becora Rivers through analysis of the reliability and capacity of the reservoir using a simulation model of water release standard operating rules method. Water balance simulation results show that the reliability of clean water services from the two small reservoirs of Beemos and Becora cannot reach 100%, due to the limited capacity of the reservoir. The results of capacity optimization of large Beemos Reservoir show that the potential for inflow can be utilized 90%, therefore it can meet urban water demand until 2030. Although the simulation results show a good indication, the government still must carry out a detailed feasibility study in the upstream area before it is implemented. The developing of large reservoir can be recommended for implemented in the development of water resources to meet water demand in Dili therefore can support the Timor Leste's targets or vision in the water sector and the Sustainable Development Goals in the clean water and sanitation sector.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81976017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bond strength between rebar and concrete is important for the quality performance of reinforced concrete structures. At the interface, bond strength development mainly depends on surface configuration. Different rib configuration improves the strength significantly in high yield rebars as compared to mild steel. This study examines the bond strength behavior of ordinary MS (Mild Steel) rebars, HYSD (High Yield Strength Deformed) parallel rib, and HYSD diamond rib rebars. Experimental analysis to obtain pull-out behavior of rebar in concrete was based on IS 2770 Part I – 1967: Reaffirmed 2007; Indian Standard Methods of Testing Bond in Reinforced Concrete. Importantly, the concrete of M30 grade was used and a total of nine specimens were tested. The cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were cast with centrally embedded rebar provided up to 20 mm from their bottom faces. Additionally, the pull-out test was conducted in 1000 kN capacity Universal Testing Machine. The usable bond strength values were calculated from the load at 0.025 mm free and 0.25 mm loaded end slips. The results showed that the usable bond strength value of HYSD diamond rib rebars is very large compared to MS and appreciably greater than HYSD parallel rib. Moreover, the usable bond strength of HYSD diamond rib rebars is 60.06% and 35.60 % greater than that of the MS rebars and HYSD parallel rib pattern rebars, respectively. The high frictional resistance developed in the bond strength test of HYSD diamond rib rebars because of the better mechanical interlocking. This was primarily due to the presence of a more frictional surface area of lugs.
钢筋与混凝土的粘结强度对钢筋混凝土结构的质量性能至关重要。在界面处，粘结强度的发展主要取决于表面形态。与低碳钢相比，不同的肋形结构显著提高了高屈服钢筋的强度。本研究考察了普通MS(低碳钢)钢筋、HYSD(高屈服强度变形)平行肋和HYSD菱形肋钢筋的粘结强度行为。基于IS 2770第1部分- 1967:重申2007，对钢筋在混凝土中的拉拔性能进行了试验分析;印度钢筋混凝土粘结试验标准方法。重要的是，采用了M30级混凝土，共测试了9个试件。尺寸为150mm x 150mm x 150mm的立方体由中央嵌入的螺纹钢浇铸而成，螺纹钢距其底部20毫米。并在1000kn万能试验机上进行了拉拔试验。可用的粘结强度值是根据0.025 mm自由载荷和0.25 mm加载端卡瓦的载荷计算的。结果表明:HYSD菱形肋筋的可用粘结强度值比MS大，明显高于HYSD平行肋筋。HYSD菱形筋的有效粘结强度比MS筋和HYSD平行筋分别提高了60.06%和35.60%。在HYSD菱形筋的粘结强度试验中，由于具有较好的机械联锁性，产生了较高的摩擦阻力。这主要是由于存在更大的摩擦表面积的耳。
{"title":"The Influence of Rib Configuration on Bond Strength Development between Steel and Concrete","authors":"S. Wani, Dar Sarvat Gull, I. Amin","doi":"10.22146/jcef.53893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.53893","url":null,"abstract":" The bond strength between rebar and concrete is important for the quality performance of reinforced concrete structures. At the interface, bond strength development mainly depends on surface configuration. Different rib configuration improves the strength significantly in high yield rebars as compared to mild steel. This study examines the bond strength behavior of ordinary MS (Mild Steel) rebars, HYSD (High Yield Strength Deformed) parallel rib, and HYSD diamond rib rebars. Experimental analysis to obtain pull-out behavior of rebar in concrete was based on IS 2770 Part I – 1967: Reaffirmed 2007; Indian Standard Methods of Testing Bond in Reinforced Concrete. Importantly, the concrete of M30 grade was used and a total of nine specimens were tested. The cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were cast with centrally embedded rebar provided up to 20 mm from their bottom faces. Additionally, the pull-out test was conducted in 1000 kN capacity Universal Testing Machine. The usable bond strength values were calculated from the load at 0.025 mm free and 0.25 mm loaded end slips. The results showed that the usable bond strength value of HYSD diamond rib rebars is very large compared to MS and appreciably greater than HYSD parallel rib. Moreover, the usable bond strength of HYSD diamond rib rebars is 60.06% and 35.60 % greater than that of the MS rebars and HYSD parallel rib pattern rebars, respectively. The high frictional resistance developed in the bond strength test of HYSD diamond rib rebars because of the better mechanical interlocking. This was primarily due to the presence of a more frictional surface area of lugs. ","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"419 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78113055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Landslides are one of the most frequent disasters which occur widespread in Indonesia. This disaster often causes damages and fatalities. One of the mitigations efforts to reduce potential loss is by predicting the area affected by landslide movement. This research developed a numerical model of landslide movement by incorporating the erosion and deposition laws along the flow path. This model improves the accuracy of the previous models which assume that landslide volume is constant without any consideration for the erosion and deposition. The governing equation of this newly developed model uses the Eulerian numerical approach based on the finite difference scheme. The erosion-deposition laws applied in this research are from Egashira et al. (2001), McDougall and Hungr (2005), and Blanc (2008). The simulation program applies Python programming language and examines an imaginary slope with ellipsoid-shaped of source area. The simulation result shows that the additional erosion-deposition formula can enlarge the volume and the affected area of landslide movement. It is clarified that the erosion rate is a determinant factor affecting the results of calculation.
{"title":"A Numerical Analysis of Landslide Movements Considering the Erosion and Deposition along the Flow Path","authors":"T. Fathani, Aminudin Syah, F. Faris","doi":"10.22146/jcef.43808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.43808","url":null,"abstract":"Landslides are one of the most frequent disasters which occur widespread in Indonesia. This disaster often causes damages and fatalities. One of the mitigations efforts to reduce potential loss is by predicting the area affected by landslide movement. This research developed a numerical model of landslide movement by incorporating the erosion and deposition laws along the flow path. This model improves the accuracy of the previous models which assume that landslide volume is constant without any consideration for the erosion and deposition. The governing equation of this newly developed model uses the Eulerian numerical approach based on the finite difference scheme. The erosion-deposition laws applied in this research are from Egashira et al. (2001), McDougall and Hungr (2005), and Blanc (2008). The simulation program applies Python programming language and examines an imaginary slope with ellipsoid-shaped of source area. The simulation result shows that the additional erosion-deposition formula can enlarge the volume and the affected area of landslide movement. It is clarified that the erosion rate is a determinant factor affecting the results of calculation.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84423163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urwatul Wusqo, A. Awaludin, A. F. Setiawan, Inggar Septhia Irawati
The connection system is a critical part of Timber – Concrete Composite (TCC) floor structures. The behaviour of the connection needs to be known to predict the behaviour of composite structure accurately. Screws are one kind of connector that mostly used in the composite structure due to its installation ease and high withdrawal strength. This study carried out a two-dimensional numerical simulation to examine the behaviour of LVL Sengon-concrete joint using OpenSees software. The lag screw used to connect LVL Sengon and concrete. In this simulation, the screw was assumed as a beam with hinges element that supported by a set of springs representing the strength of LVL Sengon and concrete. Some input parameters for this simulation were obtained from the material test and previous research. The effect of secondary axial force was considered into the load-displacement curve resulted from the numerical simulation. This study performed several simulations towards the variation of the screw diameter, penetration depth, and concrete compressive strength. The capacity of the connections resulted from the numerical simulation were overestimates the manual calculation using EYM theory and NDS 2018 equations. The capacity of the connection increased about 146% to 284% due to the addition of secondary axial forces. In addition, this simulation can adequately predict the shear force, bending moment, and deformation of the screw. There is a plastic hinge formed in the screw after the screw being deformed a quite large. It shows the same yield mode with the manual calculation using EYM theory and NDS 2018 equations. This simulation also can show the contribution of each spring elements to resist the load until its ultimate strength.
{"title":"Study of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Sengon to Concrete Joint Using Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation","authors":"Urwatul Wusqo, A. Awaludin, A. F. Setiawan, Inggar Septhia Irawati","doi":"10.22146/jcef.47694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.47694","url":null,"abstract":"The connection system is a critical part of Timber – Concrete Composite (TCC) floor structures. The behaviour of the connection needs to be known to predict the behaviour of composite structure accurately. Screws are one kind of connector that mostly used in the composite structure due to its installation ease and high withdrawal strength. This study carried out a two-dimensional numerical simulation to examine the behaviour of LVL Sengon-concrete joint using OpenSees software. The lag screw used to connect LVL Sengon and concrete. In this simulation, the screw was assumed as a beam with hinges element that supported by a set of springs representing the strength of LVL Sengon and concrete. Some input parameters for this simulation were obtained from the material test and previous research. The effect of secondary axial force was considered into the load-displacement curve resulted from the numerical simulation. This study performed several simulations towards the variation of the screw diameter, penetration depth, and concrete compressive strength. The capacity of the connections resulted from the numerical simulation were overestimates the manual calculation using EYM theory and NDS 2018 equations. The capacity of the connection increased about 146% to 284% due to the addition of secondary axial forces. In addition, this simulation can adequately predict the shear force, bending moment, and deformation of the screw. There is a plastic hinge formed in the screw after the screw being deformed a quite large. It shows the same yield mode with the manual calculation using EYM theory and NDS 2018 equations. This simulation also can show the contribution of each spring elements to resist the load until its ultimate strength.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90560792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to use material efficiently, non-prismatic column sections are frequently employed. Tapered-web column cross-sections are commonly used, and design guides of such sections are available. In this study, various web-and-flange-tapered column sections were analysed numerically using finite element method to obtain each buckling load assuming the material as elastic-perfectly plastic material. For each non-prismatic column, the analysis was also performed assuming the column is prismatic using average cross-section with the same length and boundary conditions. Buckling load of the prismatic columns were obtained using equation provided by AISC 360-16. This study proposes a multiplier that can be applied to the buckling load of a prismatic column with an average cross-section to acquire the buckling load of the corresponding non-prismatic column. The multiplier proposed in this study depends on three variables, namely the depth tapered ratio, width tapered ratio, and slenderness ratio of the prismatic section. The equation that uses those three variables to obtain the multiplier is obtained using regression of the finite element results with a coefficient of determination of 0.96.
{"title":"Non-Linear Buckling Analysis of Axially Loaded Column with Non-Prismatic I-Section","authors":"A. Dharma, B. Suryoatmono","doi":"10.22146/jcef.47607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.47607","url":null,"abstract":"In order to use material efficiently, non-prismatic column sections are frequently employed. Tapered-web column cross-sections are commonly used, and design guides of such sections are available. In this study, various web-and-flange-tapered column sections were analysed numerically using finite element method to obtain each buckling load assuming the material as elastic-perfectly plastic material. For each non-prismatic column, the analysis was also performed assuming the column is prismatic using average cross-section with the same length and boundary conditions. Buckling load of the prismatic columns were obtained using equation provided by AISC 360-16. This study proposes a multiplier that can be applied to the buckling load of a prismatic column with an average cross-section to acquire the buckling load of the corresponding non-prismatic column. The multiplier proposed in this study depends on three variables, namely the depth tapered ratio, width tapered ratio, and slenderness ratio of the prismatic section. The equation that uses those three variables to obtain the multiplier is obtained using regression of the finite element results with a coefficient of determination of 0.96.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79420704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) West 1 and 2 models are employed to predict the ground motion parameters of strong earthquake during the 6.9 Mw Kobe Earthquake in 1995. This study is initiated by collecting the data of ground motion parameters of the earthquake. Furthermore, the ground motion prediction is performed by using the NGA models. There are three ground motion parameters observed, i.e. peak ground acceleration (PGA), spectral acceleration (SA) at 0.2 second and SA at 1 second. The performances of the models are evaluated by using the Residual Values and Root Mean Square (RMS) Error. The results show that the NGA models could predict the ground motion parameters quite appropriately. It can be seen from the correlation values of the observed and the predicted values, which is relatively consistent each other, especially for peak ground acceleration. In general, this study could recommend the procedure in selecting the attenuation model for strong earthquakes. The study framework could be implemented to predict the ground motion in other regions.
采用新生代衰减(NGA) West 1和West 2模型对1995年6.9 Mw神户地震强震的地震动参数进行了预测。这项研究是通过收集地震的地面运动参数数据而开始的。此外，利用NGA模型进行了地震动预测。观测到三个地面运动参数，即0.2秒时的峰值地面加速度(PGA)、谱加速度(SA)和1秒时的SA。利用残差和均方根误差对模型的性能进行了评价。结果表明，NGA模型能较好地预测地震动参数。从观测值与预测值的相关值可以看出，两者的相关值相对一致，尤其是对峰值地加速度的相关值。总的来说，本研究可为强震衰减模型的选择提供参考。该研究框架可应用于其他地区的地面运动预测。
{"title":"Performance of NGA Models in Predicting Ground Motion Parameters of The Strong Earthquake","authors":"L. Z. Mase","doi":"10.22146/jcef.46651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.46651","url":null,"abstract":"Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) West 1 and 2 models are employed to predict the ground motion parameters of strong earthquake during the 6.9 Mw Kobe Earthquake in 1995. This study is initiated by collecting the data of ground motion parameters of the earthquake. Furthermore, the ground motion prediction is performed by using the NGA models. There are three ground motion parameters observed, i.e. peak ground acceleration (PGA), spectral acceleration (SA) at 0.2 second and SA at 1 second. The performances of the models are evaluated by using the Residual Values and Root Mean Square (RMS) Error. The results show that the NGA models could predict the ground motion parameters quite appropriately. It can be seen from the correlation values of the observed and the predicted values, which is relatively consistent each other, especially for peak ground acceleration. In general, this study could recommend the procedure in selecting the attenuation model for strong earthquakes. The study framework could be implemented to predict the ground motion in other regions. ","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89086701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikael Gabra Gani, D. Dewanti, M. Z. Irawan, Faza Fawzan Bastarianto
Nowadays, airports are expected to be operated as a self-service organisation that provides efficient and high-quality services. Since the satisfaction of passengers is essential for airport’s operators, the efforts to provide better services for passengers become a concern for airport’s operators by increasing the quality of service to passengers. It is crucial to identify which kind of services that would be the top priority service for the passengers. Thus, this study aims to improve the quality of service to passengers that are conducted by combining the Servqual method and Kano model. Servqual method is used to capture consumer perceptions and expectations of service along with the multi-dimensional research instrument, while the Kano model is a theory to observe costumer’s satisfaction preferences. The combination of the methods aims to determine the type of service that becomes the top priority for immediate improvement so that it can improve the service quality effectively. The selection of the priority services is based on the magnitude of the gap between expectations and perceptions of passengers on a particular service, and the assessment of passengers on the type of service that significantly influences passengers’ satisfaction with the service performance at the airport. The results of this research showed that there were three types of services as the top priority for improving their performance, namely the type of services related to the personal attention to passengers, the attractive waiting room conditions, and the understanding of each passenger’s needs individually. The airport management is expected to immediately improve the performance of the services so that the quality of service can immediately increase.
{"title":"Determining Priority Service of Yogyakarta Adisutjipto Airport Using Servqual Method and Kano Model","authors":"Mikael Gabra Gani, D. Dewanti, M. Z. Irawan, Faza Fawzan Bastarianto","doi":"10.22146/jcef.45364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.45364","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, airports are expected to be operated as a self-service organisation that provides efficient and high-quality services. Since the satisfaction of passengers is essential for airport’s operators, the efforts to provide better services for passengers become a concern for airport’s operators by increasing the quality of service to passengers. It is crucial to identify which kind of services that would be the top priority service for the passengers. Thus, this study aims to improve the quality of service to passengers that are conducted by combining the Servqual method and Kano model. Servqual method is used to capture consumer perceptions and expectations of service along with the multi-dimensional research instrument, while the Kano model is a theory to observe costumer’s satisfaction preferences. The combination of the methods aims to determine the type of service that becomes the top priority for immediate improvement so that it can improve the service quality effectively. The selection of the priority services is based on the magnitude of the gap between expectations and perceptions of passengers on a particular service, and the assessment of passengers on the type of service that significantly influences passengers’ satisfaction with the service performance at the airport. The results of this research showed that there were three types of services as the top priority for improving their performance, namely the type of services related to the personal attention to passengers, the attractive waiting room conditions, and the understanding of each passenger’s needs individually. The airport management is expected to immediately improve the performance of the services so that the quality of service can immediately increase.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74783934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. H. Ling, Yong Tat Lim, W. K. Leong, E. Jusli, H. T. Sia
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and silica fume (SF) are the by-products of the oil palm plantation and the ferroalloy smelting industries, respectively. Improper disposal of these materials leads to negative implication to the environment. This study was carried out to investigate the potential application of EFB and SF in cement bricks. EFB fibre and SF replaced up to 25% of sand and cement in the mix, respectively, in several groups of specimens that distinguished the normal, EFB-, SF- and EFB-SF-cement bricks. The specimens were tested for the compressive strength, density and water absorption property. The results reveal that SF, at an optimum amount of 10% cement replacement, increased 10% of the strength of the cement brick. EFB fibre reduced the strength and density but increased water absorption property of the cement brick. For application in the construction industry, SF and EFB fibre contents should be kept within 10% and 20% respectively.
{"title":"Properties of Cement Brick with Partial Replacement of Sand and Cement with Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Silica Fume","authors":"J. H. Ling, Yong Tat Lim, W. K. Leong, E. Jusli, H. T. Sia","doi":"10.22146/jcef.47982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.47982","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and silica fume (SF) are the by-products of the oil palm plantation and the ferroalloy smelting industries, respectively. Improper disposal of these materials leads to negative implication to the environment. This study was carried out to investigate the potential application of EFB and SF in cement bricks. EFB fibre and SF replaced up to 25% of sand and cement in the mix, respectively, in several groups of specimens that distinguished the normal, EFB-, SF- and EFB-SF-cement bricks. The specimens were tested for the compressive strength, density and water absorption property. The results reveal that SF, at an optimum amount of 10% cement replacement, increased 10% of the strength of the cement brick. EFB fibre reduced the strength and density but increased water absorption property of the cement brick. For application in the construction industry, SF and EFB fibre contents should be kept within 10% and 20% respectively.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74887734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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