I. Sudarma, N. Suniti, Ni Nengah Darmiati, I. Bagus
The cause of wilt disease in pepperis Phytophthora capsicifungi, which attacked the pepper plantation area in Kertalangu Village, East Denpasar Sub-district, Denpasar-Bali. The results showed that the fungi on conducive soil were Phytophthora sp., Aspergillussp., and Neurosporasp. With the highest prevalence attained by Neurosporasp. of 80%, while on suppressive soil found mycellia sterillia fungus, Fusariumsp., Neurosporasp. Aspergillussp., Penicilliumsp., Mucorsp., and Trichodermasp. With the highest prevalence achieved by Penicilliumsp. By 27%. The antagonistic fungus found only in suppressive soils isthe fungus Neurosporasp., Trichodermasp., Aspergillussp., Penicillium sp., and Mucorsp. each with a percentage of resistance of 67.78 ± 1.6%, 68.52 ± 2.62%, 75.93 ± 2.62%, 68.77 ± 5.43%; and 67.59 ± 3.82%. The highest inhibition abilityis achieved byAspergillussp.
{"title":"MYCOFLORA POTENTIAL IN RIZOSPHER AS BIOLOGICAL GENTSTOCONTROLWILTDISEASES ON PEPPER PLANT","authors":"I. Sudarma, N. Suniti, Ni Nengah Darmiati, I. Bagus","doi":"10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.44","url":null,"abstract":"The cause of wilt disease in pepperis Phytophthora capsicifungi, which attacked the pepper plantation area in Kertalangu Village, East Denpasar Sub-district, Denpasar-Bali. The results showed that the fungi on conducive soil were Phytophthora sp., Aspergillussp., and Neurosporasp. With the highest prevalence attained by Neurosporasp. of 80%, while on suppressive soil found mycellia sterillia fungus, Fusariumsp., Neurosporasp. Aspergillussp., Penicilliumsp., Mucorsp., and Trichodermasp. With the highest prevalence achieved by Penicilliumsp. By 27%. The antagonistic fungus found only in suppressive soils isthe fungus Neurosporasp., Trichodermasp., Aspergillussp., Penicillium sp., and Mucorsp. each with a percentage of resistance of 67.78 ± 1.6%, 68.52 ± 2.62%, 75.93 ± 2.62%, 68.77 ± 5.43%; and 67.59 ± 3.82%. The highest inhibition abilityis achieved byAspergillussp.","PeriodicalId":319265,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133014713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) has been traditional oil crop of Ethiopia and it is the third most important oilseeds in the higher altitudes. It is the leading oil crop in Bale highlands in terms of its area of production and productivity. Regardless of the potential for linseed production; diseases are the major yield limiting factors in Ethiopia. Pasmo (Septoria linicola) and powdery mildew (Odium lini) are among the most important diseases associated with linseed production. This experiment is intended to develop an option for the management of these major diseases. The experiment was conducted for three years in two locations. An improved linseed variety ‘‘Dibene’’ and a local cultivar were planted in RCB design with three replications. At Sinana On-station, ANOVA has depicted that for pasmo disease there was statistically significant (P<0.05) variation among treatments. The highest disease severity of 23.46% and the lowest 12.96% were recorded from local cultivar without fungicide spray and ‘Dibene’ variety sprayed at seven days interval, respectively. Similarly, statistically justifiable variations (P<0.05) were observed for Powdery mildew. The highest and the lowest powdery mildew severities of 46.3% and 22.84 % were recorded from local cultivar without fungicide spray and ‘Dibene’ variety sprayed at seven days interval, respectively. Similarly, ANOVA have depicted that there are significant difference (P<0.05) between treatments for thousand seed weigh (TSW) and grain yields. The highest and lowest TSW of 6.73g and 6.07g were recorded from ‘Dibene’ variety sprayed at twenty one days local cultivar without fungicide spray, respectively. Whereas, the highest and lowest grain yield of 2859.30kg/ha and 2316.8kg/ha was obtained from ‘Dibene’ variety sprayed at fourteen days (14) days and local cultivar without fungicide spray. Similarly, the result follows the same trend at welte’i berisa. ANAVA have shown that there application of a fungicide have made a significant difference (P<0.05) between treatments for TSW and grain yield. The highest and lowest TSW of 5.87gand 5.27g was recorded from ‘Dibene’ variety sprayed at twenty one days interval and local cultivar without fungicide spray, respectively. In case of grain yield, the largest and smallest grain yield of 1733.6kg/ha and 1045.6kg/ha were obtained from ‘Dibene’ variety sprayed at fourteen days days interval and the local cultivar without fungicide spray, respectively. Therefore, One to two times spray of a fungicide Odeon (Chlorothalonil) at a rate of 2.5 kg/ha and at an interval of 14 days is recommended for the management of Powdery mildew and Pasmo diseases on linseed.
{"title":"POWDERY MILDEW (ODIUM LINI) AND PASMO (SEPTORIA LINICOLA) COMBINED EFFECT ON YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS OF LINSEED (LINUM USITATISSIMUM L.)","authors":"Ermias Teshome","doi":"10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.59","url":null,"abstract":"Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) has been traditional oil crop of Ethiopia and it is the third most important oilseeds in the higher altitudes. It is the leading oil crop in Bale highlands in terms of its area of production and productivity. Regardless of the potential for linseed production; diseases are the major yield limiting factors in Ethiopia. Pasmo (Septoria linicola) and powdery mildew (Odium lini) are among the most important diseases associated with linseed production. This experiment is intended to develop an option for the management of these major diseases. The experiment was conducted for three years in two locations. An improved linseed variety ‘‘Dibene’’ and a local cultivar were planted in RCB design with three replications. At Sinana On-station, ANOVA has depicted that for pasmo disease there was statistically significant (P<0.05) variation among treatments. The highest disease severity of 23.46% and the lowest 12.96% were recorded from local cultivar without fungicide spray and ‘Dibene’ variety sprayed at seven days interval, respectively. Similarly, statistically justifiable variations (P<0.05) were observed for Powdery mildew. The highest and the lowest powdery mildew severities of 46.3% and 22.84 % were recorded from local cultivar without fungicide spray and ‘Dibene’ variety sprayed at seven days interval, respectively. Similarly, ANOVA have depicted that there are significant difference (P<0.05) between treatments for thousand seed weigh (TSW) and grain yields. The highest and lowest TSW of 6.73g and 6.07g were recorded from ‘Dibene’ variety sprayed at twenty one days local cultivar without fungicide spray, respectively. Whereas, the highest and lowest grain yield of 2859.30kg/ha and 2316.8kg/ha was obtained from ‘Dibene’ variety sprayed at fourteen days (14) days and local cultivar without fungicide spray. Similarly, the result follows the same trend at welte’i berisa. ANAVA have shown that there application of a fungicide have made a significant difference (P<0.05) between treatments for TSW and grain yield. The highest and lowest TSW of 5.87gand 5.27g was recorded from ‘Dibene’ variety sprayed at twenty one days interval and local cultivar without fungicide spray, respectively. In case of grain yield, the largest and smallest grain yield of 1733.6kg/ha and 1045.6kg/ha were obtained from ‘Dibene’ variety sprayed at fourteen days days interval and the local cultivar without fungicide spray, respectively. Therefore, One to two times spray of a fungicide Odeon (Chlorothalonil) at a rate of 2.5 kg/ha and at an interval of 14 days is recommended for the management of Powdery mildew and Pasmo diseases on linseed.","PeriodicalId":319265,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114268891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the quantity and rate of medical waste generation in purposely selected public hospitals located within Akure metropolis of Ondo State and determined the characteristics of the waste generated. The quantity of medical waste generated was measured daily in kg per day, kg per bed per day, and kg per patient per day while, the physical and chemical characteristics were determined according to standard methods. This study indicated that the quantity of medical waste generated by Ondo State Specialist Hospital Akure, and Mother and Child Hospital Akure were 124.5 kg/day and 0.44 kg/patient/day. Over two-thirds were general waste while the remainder (30.9%) were considered to be infectious and hazardous wastes. The result obtained from physical characterization of the medical waste revealed that the percentage of moisture content and bulk density of cellulose in the medical waste composition exceed other components of the waste. However, from proximate analysis of the medical waste, cellulose has the highest percentage of fixed carbon, volatile matter and ash while the result obtained from ultimate analysis indicated that the percentage content of hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen and carbon is higher than that of other composition of medical waste.
{"title":"QUANTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEDICAL WASTE IN PUBLIC HEALTH CARE FACILITIES WITHIN AKURE METROPOLIS, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"O. Olanrewaju","doi":"10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.55","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the quantity and rate of medical waste generation in purposely selected public hospitals located within Akure metropolis of Ondo State and determined the characteristics of the waste generated. The quantity of medical waste generated was measured daily in kg per day, kg per bed per day, and kg per patient per day while, the physical and chemical characteristics were determined according to standard methods. This study indicated that the quantity of medical waste generated by Ondo State Specialist Hospital Akure, and Mother and Child Hospital Akure were 124.5 kg/day and 0.44 kg/patient/day. Over two-thirds were general waste while the remainder (30.9%) were considered to be infectious and hazardous wastes. The result obtained from physical characterization of the medical waste revealed that the percentage of moisture content and bulk density of cellulose in the medical waste composition exceed other components of the waste. However, from proximate analysis of the medical waste, cellulose has the highest percentage of fixed carbon, volatile matter and ash while the result obtained from ultimate analysis indicated that the percentage content of hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen and carbon is higher than that of other composition of medical waste.","PeriodicalId":319265,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114560857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bonzi, K. Dossa, Y. Millogo, I. Somda, B. Sorgho
The fungicidal properties of formulation based on essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Lippia multiflora and swelling clayey powder containing montmorillonite (26 wt.%), iolites (21 wt.%), kaolinite (7 wt.%), orthoclase (20 wt.%), quartz (15 wt.%), goethite (2 wt.%) and hematite (4 wt.%) with specific surface area of 34.68 m2/g have been tested against sorghum seed-borne fungi, on two varieties (Framida and Kapelga). Aromatized powders were applied at 100 g and 800 g for 5 kg of seeds and the infection levels were evaluated after 7 days of incubation compared with untreated seeds and seeds treated with synthetic fungicide. The aromatized powders exhibited moderate to strong antifungal activity against the fungi Fusarium moniliforme and Phoma sorghina in both varieties. The mass formulation of 800 g for 5 kg of seeds showed the best antifungal activity. Clay-C. citratus oil formulation was the most potent as compared to the synthetic fungicide in the two varieties. It reduced P. sorghina infection by 87.50% and 92.85% in Framida and Kapelga respectively. F. moniliforme infection was reduced by 40.74% and 74.15% respectively in Kapelga and Framida. The findings suggest that formulation based on essential oils adsorbed on swelling clayey material can be considered as alternative to synthetic fungicide for use in controlling sorghum seedborne fungi.
{"title":"FUNGICIDAL FORMULATION BASED ON ESSENTIAL OILS OF CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS, LIPPIA MULTIFLORA AND NATURAL CLAY IN CONTROLLING SORGHUM SEED-BORNE FUNGI","authors":"S. Bonzi, K. Dossa, Y. Millogo, I. Somda, B. Sorgho","doi":"10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.58","url":null,"abstract":"The fungicidal properties of formulation based on essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Lippia multiflora and swelling clayey powder containing montmorillonite (26 wt.%), iolites (21 wt.%), kaolinite (7 wt.%), orthoclase (20 wt.%), quartz (15 wt.%), goethite (2 wt.%) and hematite (4 wt.%) with specific surface area of 34.68 m2/g have been tested against sorghum seed-borne fungi, on two varieties (Framida and Kapelga). Aromatized powders were applied at 100 g and 800 g for 5 kg of seeds and the infection levels were evaluated after 7 days of incubation compared with untreated seeds and seeds treated with synthetic fungicide. The aromatized powders exhibited moderate to strong antifungal activity against the fungi Fusarium moniliforme and Phoma sorghina in both varieties. The mass formulation of 800 g for 5 kg of seeds showed the best antifungal activity. Clay-C. citratus oil formulation was the most potent as compared to the synthetic fungicide in the two varieties. It reduced P. sorghina infection by 87.50% and 92.85% in Framida and Kapelga respectively. F. moniliforme infection was reduced by 40.74% and 74.15% respectively in Kapelga and Framida. The findings suggest that formulation based on essential oils adsorbed on swelling clayey material can be considered as alternative to synthetic fungicide for use in controlling sorghum seedborne fungi.","PeriodicalId":319265,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123885466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To study early autumn and late spring frosts and its relation to the yield of agriculture crops in Semnan province we used statistics the least daily minimum temperature of 6 stations in the months of October and November and April during the period (1993-2014) as well as information on yield of agricultural crops from horticulture department of agriculture Organization. Using Pearson correlation coefficient between yield and frequency of early autumn and late spring frosts were studied and finally induced to study the frosts trends for each station. Early frosts of autumn in the province date from 20 October to 23 November and latest frosts ranged from 3 to 23 April and Biarjomand station experience earliest autumn and latest spring frosts. The Relationship between crop yields with frost Occurrence frequency shows that by increasing the number of days of early autumn frosts reduced wheat yield. This condition is for crops such as peas, walnuts and grapes, too. Amongst, the greatest impact is on the potato crop, which is closely related to the pattern of cultivation and harvest. On the other hand, it was found that late spring frosts in the province have the greatest impact on horticultural crops such as cherries, peaches, walnuts and grapes. As a result, early and late frosts changes in Semnan and Miami has increased, which in coming years will be also affected by this situation. Also, early frosts of autumn at harvest time and late spring frosts during flowering have many effects on crop yield.
{"title":"STUDYING THE IMPACT OF EARLY AUTUMN AND LATE SPRING FROSTS ON AGRICULTURAL CROPS YIELD IN IRAN","authors":"M. Kianian, H. Hajimohammadi","doi":"10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.53","url":null,"abstract":"To study early autumn and late spring frosts and its relation to the yield of agriculture crops in Semnan province we used statistics the least daily minimum temperature of 6 stations in the months of October and November and April during the period (1993-2014) as well as information on yield of agricultural crops from horticulture department of agriculture Organization. Using Pearson correlation coefficient between yield and frequency of early autumn and late spring frosts were studied and finally induced to study the frosts trends for each station. Early frosts of autumn in the province date from 20 October to 23 November and latest frosts ranged from 3 to 23 April and Biarjomand station experience earliest autumn and latest spring frosts. The Relationship between crop yields with frost Occurrence frequency shows that by increasing the number of days of early autumn frosts reduced wheat yield. This condition is for crops such as peas, walnuts and grapes, too. Amongst, the greatest impact is on the potato crop, which is closely related to the pattern of cultivation and harvest. On the other hand, it was found that late spring frosts in the province have the greatest impact on horticultural crops such as cherries, peaches, walnuts and grapes. As a result, early and late frosts changes in Semnan and Miami has increased, which in coming years will be also affected by this situation. Also, early frosts of autumn at harvest time and late spring frosts during flowering have many effects on crop yield. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":319265,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126988222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was undertaken to determine the economic importance of Quinoa, through identifying production constraints and economic features of the investment as well as the possibility of expansion in its production in ElKharga city, New Valley Governorate, Egypt. Quinoa seeds are very nutritious. Seed, in comparison with other cereals, is higher in protein content (approx. 14.6%).Quinoa is considered an important crop supplement for wheat and it is able to reduce the food gap in Egypt, which it is cultivated in desert areas. Economics of its cultivation in the study area was also assessed. The results refer to high economic efficiency of cultivating Quinoa in the study area. investment in cultivation Quinoa is economical as the gained profit was higher than opportunity cost, since the return of the pound investor reached about 1.19.In addition to the positive contribution to the national income due to the increase in the added net value compared to the wages based on the social surplus. This research has highlighted several economic advantages about encouraging farmers, young graduates and investors to cultivate Quinoaas an untraditional crop in the New valley. Then they should be provided by seedlings from reliable sources, knowledge about its cultivation and finally production marketing. Increasing the production and establishment food from Quinoa would result in increasing the income and establishing some industries depending on by-products like fodders and fertilizers from leaves and crop west of quinoa.
{"title":"THE ECONOMICS STUDY OF QUINOA PRODUCTION TO REDUCE FOOD POVERTY GAP IN NEW VALLEY GOVERNORATE-EGYPT","authors":"D. Mansour","doi":"10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.56","url":null,"abstract":"This research was undertaken to determine the economic importance of Quinoa, through identifying production constraints and economic features of the investment as well as the possibility of expansion in its production in ElKharga city, New Valley Governorate, Egypt. Quinoa seeds are very nutritious. Seed, in comparison with other cereals, is higher in protein content (approx. 14.6%).Quinoa is considered an important crop supplement for wheat and it is able to reduce the food gap in Egypt, which it is cultivated in desert areas. Economics of its cultivation in the study area was also assessed. The results refer to high economic efficiency of cultivating Quinoa in the study area. investment in cultivation Quinoa is economical as the gained profit was higher than opportunity cost, since the return of the pound investor reached about 1.19.In addition to the positive contribution to the national income due to the increase in the added net value compared to the wages based on the social surplus. This research has highlighted several economic advantages about encouraging farmers, young graduates and investors to cultivate Quinoaas an untraditional crop in the New valley. Then they should be provided by seedlings from reliable sources, knowledge about its cultivation and finally production marketing. Increasing the production and establishment food from Quinoa would result in increasing the income and establishing some industries depending on by-products like fodders and fertilizers from leaves and crop west of quinoa.","PeriodicalId":319265,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125230111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Illustrated guideswith identificationkeys, notes on distributionand habitats offreshwater fish species of Sudan weredue toBoulenger,1907; Sandon, 1950; Abu Gideiri, 1984,Bailey, 1994and Neumannet al.(2016).With respect to the Blue Nilein SudanAbu Gideiri (1967) studied the fish species between Khartoum and Roseires. Those of Lake Roseires were recorded by Mishrigi, 1970; Mahmoud et al., 2009; SMEC, 2010 and Elsayed, 2012. In addition, twoun publishedlistswere made byOmer and Hagar (2014) and Hagar (2017). The list might be a useful monitor for the impact, if any, of fully operating Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on Lake Roseris fish diversity.
苏丹淡水鱼种类分布和生境的图解指南(含识别关键字、注释)于1907年交付oulenger;这种物质,1950;Abu Gideiri, 1984; Bailey, 1994; Neumannet al.(2016)。关于蓝尼罗河，苏丹的abu Gideiri(1967)研究了喀土穆和罗塞雷斯之间的鱼类。Roseires湖的记录由Mishrigi, 1970;Mahmoud et al.， 2009;SMEC, 2010; Elsayed, 2012。此外，omer and Hagar(2014)和Hagar(2017)也发布了两份榜单。如果大埃塞俄比亚复兴大坝(GERD)全面运行对罗塞里斯湖的鱼类多样性有影响的话，这份名单可能是一个有用的监测指标。
{"title":"FISH SPECIES ENCOUNTERED OVER 47 YEARS IN LAKE ROSERIS","authors":"E. Hagar, Z. Mahmoud","doi":"10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.51","url":null,"abstract":"Illustrated guideswith identificationkeys, notes on distributionand habitats offreshwater fish species of Sudan weredue toBoulenger,1907; Sandon, 1950; Abu Gideiri, 1984,Bailey, 1994and Neumannet al.(2016).With respect to the Blue Nilein SudanAbu Gideiri (1967) studied the fish species between Khartoum and Roseires. Those of Lake Roseires were recorded by Mishrigi, 1970; Mahmoud et al., 2009; SMEC, 2010 and Elsayed, 2012. In addition, twoun publishedlistswere made byOmer and Hagar (2014) and Hagar (2017). The list might be a useful monitor for the impact, if any, of fully operating Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on Lake Roseris fish diversity.","PeriodicalId":319265,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130471291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food security is a multidisciplinary and multidimensional subject, rendering food security governance a complex issue. However, it is important for food security researchers, policy-makers, and other interested parties to realize the international food security framework. Understanding the dimensions of the food security framework facilitates planning and improves the national food security system. As achieving national food security requires collaboration and coordination among several domestic organizations, an efficient food security framework should be in place that highlights the roles of each contributing organization. Furthermore, governments should apply measures to ensure the suitability and adequacy of their state of food security. National food security should be regularly assessed using sound, accurate, and up-to-date food security indicators and internationally recognized food security assessment models to support the decision-making process. This review paper highlights the international food security framework to provide insight for national governments regarding the governance of food security. However, based on an extensive review of the international food security framework, this paper suggests five major dimensions thereof. These dimensions should be considered for any national food security system, as they are crucial to achieving national food security by improving food availability and affordability. These dimensions are a sustainable agriculture and food system, food trade, nutrition, food security knowledge and databases, and fighting poverty.
{"title":"FOOD SECURITY MANAGEMENT AND ASSESSMENT","authors":"Mohammad A. Alshuniaber","doi":"10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.52","url":null,"abstract":"Food security is a multidisciplinary and multidimensional subject, rendering food security governance a complex issue. However, it is important for food security researchers, policy-makers, and other interested parties to realize the international food security framework. Understanding the dimensions of the food security framework facilitates planning and improves the national food security system. As achieving national food security requires collaboration and coordination among several domestic organizations, an efficient food security framework should be in place that highlights the roles of each contributing organization. Furthermore, governments should apply measures to ensure the suitability and adequacy of their state of food security. National food security should be regularly assessed using sound, accurate, and up-to-date food security indicators and internationally recognized food security assessment models to support the decision-making process. This review paper highlights the international food security framework to provide insight for national governments regarding the governance of food security. However, based on an extensive review of the international food security framework, this paper suggests five major dimensions thereof. These dimensions should be considered for any national food security system, as they are crucial to achieving national food security by improving food availability and affordability. \u0000These dimensions are a sustainable agriculture and food system, food trade, nutrition, food security knowledge and databases, and fighting poverty.","PeriodicalId":319265,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114465472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural disasters such as cyclone and flood in the coastal areas of Bangladesh has become a common phenomenon, especially since the last two decades due to the impact of global climate change and global warming. The impacts of natural disasters among the residents of coastal areas are enormous. They face huge financial loss due to the unemployment, deaths of domestic animals, lower crop productions, broken or affected houses, and so on. In addition, they become vulnerable both physically and psychologically during and post-disaster period. However, the impacts of the natural disasters are not the same over men and women. Women become more vulnerable due to their double duties, lack of safety, and for the patriarchal nature of society. The microcredit organizations arguably try to reduce the vulnerabilities of these women by providing short-term loan and also claim to empower them. Therefore, the study emphasizes whether these women are, in reality, becoming empowered. The study was conducted among 384 women who were purposively selected from 6367 households in Southkhali Union, Sarankhola Upazila (sub-district), Bagherhat district, Bangladesh. Results show the overwhelming majority of the participants (90%) were somehow affected by the last natural disaster, either by a cyclone or flood. Regarding the usage of microcredit, the majority of the participants (57%) who are the receivers of microcredit could not use the money independently, as their husbands took the loan from them forcefully. And only 8% of them could invest the microcredit in productive activity such as starting a small business. It is worth noting that 82% of the participants mentioned that their engagement with the microcredit organizations could not change their role in the family, e.g., they could participate in the decision making procedure within the household.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF THE MICROCREDIT PROGRAM IN WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT IN A NATURAL DISASTER-PRONE AREA OF BANGLADESH: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS","authors":"Mst. Jesmin Ara","doi":"10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.50","url":null,"abstract":"Natural disasters such as cyclone and flood in the coastal areas of Bangladesh has become a common phenomenon, especially since the last two decades due to the impact of global climate change and global warming. The impacts of natural disasters among the residents of coastal areas are enormous. They face huge financial loss due to the unemployment, deaths of domestic animals, lower crop productions, broken or affected houses, and so on. In addition, they become vulnerable both physically and psychologically during and post-disaster period. However, the impacts of the natural disasters are not the same over men and women. Women become more vulnerable due to their double duties, lack of safety, and for the patriarchal nature of society. The microcredit organizations arguably try to reduce the vulnerabilities of these women by providing short-term loan and also claim to empower them. Therefore, the study emphasizes whether these women are, in reality, becoming empowered. The study was conducted among 384 women who were purposively selected from 6367 households in Southkhali Union, Sarankhola Upazila (sub-district), Bagherhat district, Bangladesh. Results show the overwhelming majority of the participants (90%) were somehow affected by the last natural disaster, either by a cyclone or flood. Regarding the usage of microcredit, the majority of the participants (57%) who are the receivers of microcredit could not use the money independently, as their husbands took the loan from them forcefully. And only 8% of them could invest the microcredit in productive activity such as starting a small business. It is worth noting that 82% of the participants mentioned that their engagement with the microcredit organizations could not change their role in the family, e.g., they could participate in the decision making procedure within the household.","PeriodicalId":319265,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114636051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is necessary to investigate the relationship between the vegetation each area with the soil because with this method determines the relationship between the condition and different factors in nature with the area vegetation. Therefore, was investigated the relationship in Delazian, Semnan. To study the vegetation, we identified vegetation types by aerial photography and determination of work units and using field survey and GPS. Typing based on physical appearance, canopy cover percentage, density, and distribution range of dominant plant species was carried out by plot and transect. 5 vegetation types were diagnosed (respectively, from upland to the saline lake are including Tamarix Sp. (1), Seidlitzia rosmarinus (2), Nitraria Schubert (3), Salsola rigida (4) and Haloxylon persicum (5)). Then, the soil samples were taken from within the types. Physicalchemical soil factors such as salinity, Gypsum, soluble cations, and anions, organic matter, lime, etc. were taken from depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm. In order to investigate the relationship between vegetation types and environmental factors (soil factors such as salinity, SAR, cations and anions and other environmental factors such as groundwater depth, rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, altitude) was used of software PC-ORD and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that soil factors are effective in the establishment and distribution of vegetative tape and factors affecting on the differentiation of plant communities are including salinity, SAR, cation exchange capacity, OM, clay, silt, sand, K+, Cl-, calcium, magnesium, sodium, gypsum and limestone, carbonate and bicarbonate, sulfate and water table level.
{"title":"STUDYING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON HALOPHYTE AND XEROPHYTE PLANTS ESTABLISHMENT IN DESERT REGION (CASE STUDY: SEMNAN, IRAN)","authors":"M. Golafshani, H. Ravanbakhsh, H. Ara, S. Nikou","doi":"10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v5i1.48","url":null,"abstract":"It is necessary to investigate the relationship between the vegetation each area with the soil because with this method determines the relationship between the condition and different factors in nature with the area vegetation. Therefore, was investigated the relationship in Delazian, Semnan. To study the vegetation, we identified vegetation types by aerial photography and determination of work units and using field survey and GPS. Typing based on physical appearance, canopy cover percentage, density, and distribution range of dominant plant species was carried out by plot and transect. 5 vegetation types were diagnosed (respectively, from upland to the saline lake are including Tamarix Sp. (1), Seidlitzia rosmarinus (2), Nitraria Schubert (3), Salsola rigida (4) and Haloxylon persicum (5)). Then, the soil samples were taken from within the types. Physicalchemical soil factors such as salinity, Gypsum, soluble cations, and anions, organic matter, lime, etc. were taken from depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm. In order to investigate the relationship between vegetation types and environmental factors (soil factors such as salinity, SAR, cations and anions and other environmental factors such as groundwater depth, rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, altitude) was used of software PC-ORD and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that soil factors are effective in the establishment and distribution of vegetative tape and factors affecting on the differentiation of plant communities are including salinity, SAR, cation exchange capacity, OM, clay, silt, sand, K+, Cl-, calcium, magnesium, sodium, gypsum and limestone, carbonate and bicarbonate, sulfate and water table level. ","PeriodicalId":319265,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133213523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：