Food safety is a very important issue and needs to get the main attention in the supervision, especially in developing countries including Indonesia. Many of the diseases in circulation are sourced from foods where consumers are less aware of the usual foods being consumed may be unhygienic or unhealthy. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 107 consumers at a urban area, Greater Jakarta, in Indonesia. This paper specifically discusses the preliminary study of food hygiene knowledge and practices. A web-based questionnaire pertaining to knowledge and practices related to personal hygiene (5 items), food handling practices (11 items), food hygiene preferences (6 items), and eating places preferences (8 items). A score of 5 was given to strongly agree and 1 to the strongly disagree. Mean age of consumers was 22 years old (sd 5.96), female (65.42%), mostly undergraduates students. Overall mean knowledge score (personal hygiene 4.23 ± 0.81; food handling practices 3.91 ± 0.87, food hygiene preferences 3.59 ± 0.96, eating places preferences 4.22 ± 0.83). Overall knowledge was significantly associated with age (p=0.040) and level of education (p=0.005). While preferences of eating place was significantly associated with level of education (p=0.001). This study suggested there is positive relationship between food handling practices, food hygiene preferences, eating place preferences among respondents.
{"title":"FOOD HYGIENE KNOWLEDGE AND PREFERENCES OF EATING PLACES AMONG CONSUMERS IN GREATER JAKARTA, INDONESIA","authors":"Laras Cempaka","doi":"10.53555/eijaer.v3i2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v3i2.21","url":null,"abstract":"Food safety is a very important issue and needs to get the main attention in the supervision, especially in developing countries including Indonesia. Many of the diseases in circulation are sourced from foods where consumers are less aware of the usual foods being consumed may be unhygienic or unhealthy. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 107 consumers at a urban area, Greater Jakarta, in Indonesia. This paper specifically discusses the preliminary study of food hygiene knowledge and practices. A web-based questionnaire pertaining to knowledge and practices related to personal hygiene (5 items), food handling practices (11 items), food hygiene preferences (6 items), and eating places preferences (8 items). A score of 5 was given to strongly agree and 1 to the strongly disagree. Mean age of consumers was 22 years old (sd 5.96), female (65.42%), mostly undergraduates students. Overall mean knowledge score (personal hygiene 4.23 ± 0.81; food handling practices 3.91 ± 0.87, food hygiene preferences 3.59 ± 0.96, eating places preferences 4.22 ± 0.83). Overall knowledge was significantly associated with age (p=0.040) and level of education (p=0.005). While preferences of eating place was significantly associated with level of education (p=0.001). This study suggested there is positive relationship between food handling practices, food hygiene preferences, eating place preferences among respondents.","PeriodicalId":319265,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128913385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this review, we discussed about camel origin, history, population, characteristics, raising and wool, hair and skin from camel. The camelides belong to order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) and sub-order Tylopoda. The family Camelidae is divided into 3 genera, The old world camels (genus Camelus, one-humped camel, Camelus dromedarius and The Bactrian or two-humped camel, Camelus bactrianus) and the new world camels (genus Lama with the species L. glama, L. guanicoe, L. pacos and genus Vicugna with the species V. vicugna). The Camelini had reached Eurasia via the Bering Isthmus about 5-3 million years ago, whereas Lamini dispersed to South America via Panam’s Isthmus about 3 million years ago. Scientists have been reconstructed an evolutionary life tree of the camelidae based on its genome sequences analysis. The camel can tolerate severe condition more than other animals and will continue to produce during severe drought in comparison to others. Breeding, feeding, housing, disease control and care all affect the growth and production of camels. In all the arguments against camel raising, the most important fact has been overlooked by the planners and the owners of the camels. The wool and hair of the old world camels is of lesser quality and value than that of the new-world camels. The Bactrian gives more wool than the dromedary and its wool is also of a higher quality. The wool is used for making padded cloth, quilts and mattresses, the hair used for making rope, clothes, tents, carpets, robes, saddlegirths and blankets.
本文综述了骆驼的来源、历史、种群、特点、饲养以及骆驼的毛、毛、皮。骆驼属偶蹄目(偶趾有蹄类)和蹄足亚目。骆驼科分为3属，旧大陆骆驼(骆驼属，单峰骆驼，单峰骆驼，单峰骆驼和双峰骆驼，双峰骆驼)和新世界骆驼(骆驼属，种:L. glama, L. guanicoe, L. pacos和骆马属，种:V.骆马)。Camelini在大约5- 300万年前通过白令海峡到达欧亚大陆，而Lamini在大约300万年前通过巴拿马地峡分散到南美洲。科学家们基于对骆驼科基因组序列的分析，重建了一棵进化生命树。骆驼比其他动物更能忍受恶劣的条件，在严重干旱的情况下也比其他动物更能继续生产。饲养、饲养、住房、疾病控制和护理都影响骆驼的生长和生产。在所有反对养骆驼的争论中，最重要的事实被计划者和骆驼的主人忽视了。旧大陆骆驼的羊毛和毛的质量和价值都不如新大陆骆驼。双峰驼产出的羊毛比单峰驼多，羊毛质量也更高。羊毛用于制作棉被、棉被和床垫，毛用于制作绳子、衣服、帐篷、地毯、长袍、鞍带和毯子。
{"title":"INTRODUCTION TO CAMEL ORIGIN, HISTORY, RAISING, CHARACTERISCTICS, AND WOOL, HAIR AND SKIN, A REVIEW","authors":"B. Z. Yam, M. Khomeiri","doi":"10.53555/eijaer.v1i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v1i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we discussed about camel origin, history, population, characteristics, raising and wool, hair and skin from camel. The camelides belong to order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) and sub-order Tylopoda. The family Camelidae is divided into 3 genera, The old world camels (genus Camelus, one-humped camel, Camelus dromedarius and The Bactrian or two-humped camel, Camelus bactrianus) and the new world camels (genus Lama with the species L. glama, L. guanicoe, L. pacos and genus Vicugna with the species V. vicugna). The Camelini had reached Eurasia via the Bering Isthmus about 5-3 million years ago, whereas Lamini dispersed to South America via Panam’s Isthmus about 3 million years ago. Scientists have been reconstructed an evolutionary life tree of the camelidae based on its genome sequences analysis. The camel can tolerate severe condition more than other animals and will continue to produce during severe drought in comparison to others. Breeding, feeding, housing, disease control and care all affect the growth and production of camels. In all the arguments against camel raising, the most important fact has been overlooked by the planners and the owners of the camels. The wool and hair of the old world camels is of lesser quality and value than that of the new-world camels. The Bactrian gives more wool than the dromedary and its wool is also of a higher quality. The wool is used for making padded cloth, quilts and mattresses, the hair used for making rope, clothes, tents, carpets, robes, saddlegirths and blankets. ","PeriodicalId":319265,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116504032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-27DOI: 10.3844/AJABSSP.2017.182.188
A. Bawa, Lukman Yussif
Phosphorus fertilizer application and planting distance play a major role in the production of shoot, root and nodule dry biomass of cowpea. However, phosphorus is a major limiting nutrient in soils in Ghana. Selection of cowpea varieties that produce good biomass yield under low soil phosphorus or those with high phosphorus response efficiency can be a low input approach in solving this problem in Ghana. Two-season experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of phosphorus (P) fertilizer and row spacing on growth, nodulation and biomass yield in cowpea. Each of the two experiments comprised of 16 treatment combinations of 4 cowpea varieties, 2 levels of row spacing and 2 levels of P2O5 application laid out in a 4 x 2 x 2 factorial experiments in RCBD with four replications. The cowpea varieties were IT x P 148, Valenga, Bengkpla and DPC. The levels of row spacing were 60 x 20 cm and 40 x 20 cm, whilst the levels of P were 0 and 30 kgha-1 P2O5. The study revealed that varieties DPC and Valenga performed relatively better with respect to shoot and root dry biomass production, number of nodules produced and nodule dry biomass production across both levels of row spacing and phosphorus fertilizer application. The study further established that row spacing of 60 cm x 40 cm and P level of 30 kgha-1 also produced significantly higher quantities of shoot and root dry biomass, number of nodules and nodule dry biomass as compared to row spacing of 40 cm x 20 cm and P level of 0 kgha-1. For the purpose of producing leguminous fodder crops for feeding livestock, varieties DPC and Valenga should be cultivated for improved animal nutrition. Row spacing of 60 cm x 40 cm and phosphorus fertilizer application level of 30 kgha-1 should also be used for increased biomass yield.
磷肥施用量和种植距离对豇豆茎、根和根瘤干生物量的产量有重要影响。然而，磷是加纳土壤中的主要限制性养分。在加纳，选择在低磷土壤条件下生物量产量高或磷响应效率高的豇豆品种可以作为解决这一问题的低投入方法。通过两季试验，研究了施用磷肥和行距对豇豆生长、结瘤和生物量产量的影响。2个试验分别由4个豇豆品种、2个行距水平和2个P2O5水平的16个处理组合组成，在RCBD上进行4 × 2 × 2的4个重复试验。豇豆品种为IT x p148、Valenga、Bengkpla和DPC。行距为60 × 20 cm和40 × 20 cm, P水平为0和30 kga -1 P2O5。研究表明，在不同行距和施磷肥水平上，DPC和Valenga在茎部和根系干生物量产量、结瘤数和结瘤干生物量产量方面表现较好。研究进一步证实，行距为60 cm × 40 cm和施磷水平为30 kga -1时，茎、根干生物量、根瘤数和根瘤干生物量均显著高于行距为40 cm × 20 cm和施磷水平为0 kga -1时。以生产畜禽用豆科饲料作物为目的，应培育DPC和Valenga品种，以改善动物营养。行距为60 cm × 40 cm，磷肥施用量为30 kga -1，也可提高生物量产量。
{"title":"NODULATION AND BIOMASS YIELD RESPONSE OF COWPEA TO ROW SPACING AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN THE GUINEA SAVANNA AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONE OF GHANA","authors":"A. Bawa, Lukman Yussif","doi":"10.3844/AJABSSP.2017.182.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJABSSP.2017.182.188","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus fertilizer application and planting distance play a major role in the production of shoot, root and nodule dry biomass of cowpea. However, phosphorus is a major limiting nutrient in soils in Ghana. Selection of cowpea varieties that produce good biomass yield under low soil phosphorus or those with high phosphorus response efficiency can be a low input approach in solving this problem in Ghana. Two-season experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of phosphorus (P) fertilizer and row spacing on growth, nodulation and biomass yield in cowpea. Each of the two experiments comprised of 16 treatment combinations of 4 cowpea varieties, 2 levels of row spacing and 2 levels of P2O5 application laid out in a 4 x 2 x 2 factorial experiments in RCBD with four replications. The cowpea varieties were IT x P 148, Valenga, Bengkpla and DPC. The levels of row spacing were 60 x 20 cm and 40 x 20 cm, whilst the levels of P were 0 and 30 kgha-1 P2O5. The study revealed that varieties DPC and Valenga performed relatively better with respect to shoot and root dry biomass production, number of nodules produced and nodule dry biomass production across both levels of row spacing and phosphorus fertilizer application. The study further established that row spacing of 60 cm x 40 cm and P level of 30 kgha-1 also produced significantly higher quantities of shoot and root dry biomass, number of nodules and nodule dry biomass as compared to row spacing of 40 cm x 20 cm and P level of 0 kgha-1. For the purpose of producing leguminous fodder crops for feeding livestock, varieties DPC and Valenga should be cultivated for improved animal nutrition. Row spacing of 60 cm x 40 cm and phosphorus fertilizer application level of 30 kgha-1 should also be used for increased biomass yield.","PeriodicalId":319265,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128894297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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