Pub Date : 2011-11-22DOI: 10.1108/17538291111185476
P. Lillrank, Minni Särkkä
Purpose – Understanding and depicting service operations is important, as the contractual agreements have become more complex, particularly in offshore outsourcing. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Service Machine as a metaphor and a parsimonious conceptual framework for analyzing outsourced service operations in a Business‐to‐Business‐to‐Consumer context. Conventional machines have frames or platforms that connect various components. The equivalent of a machine in services is a system of contracts linking a client, a service provider, and the end‐users. Clients have the interest to know how, when, where, by whom and with what instructions are their operations being produced. As a result depicting both the service operations and the contractual framework becomes increasingly important.Design/methodology/approach – Through a review of the existing theoretical literature on outsourcing, operations management, contracting and governance, the paper explores a new conceptual model for governing ou...
{"title":"The service machine as a service operation framework","authors":"P. Lillrank, Minni Särkkä","doi":"10.1108/17538291111185476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17538291111185476","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – Understanding and depicting service operations is important, as the contractual agreements have become more complex, particularly in offshore outsourcing. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Service Machine as a metaphor and a parsimonious conceptual framework for analyzing outsourced service operations in a Business‐to‐Business‐to‐Consumer context. Conventional machines have frames or platforms that connect various components. The equivalent of a machine in services is a system of contracts linking a client, a service provider, and the end‐users. Clients have the interest to know how, when, where, by whom and with what instructions are their operations being produced. As a result depicting both the service operations and the contractual framework becomes increasingly important.Design/methodology/approach – Through a review of the existing theoretical literature on outsourcing, operations management, contracting and governance, the paper explores a new conceptual model for governing ou...","PeriodicalId":319712,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal","volume":"145 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129615051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-28DOI: 10.1108/17538291111147982
Tomi Solakivi, Juuso Töyli, J. Engblom, L. Ojala
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the current state of and future expectations concerning the usage of the outsourcing of logistics operations in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), and to analyse and quantify the relationships between logistics outsourcing, costs and performance, financial performance, and the company context.Design/methodology/approach – The data were 223 manufacturing and trading SMEs from the Finnish logistics survey combined with detailed financial report‐based data, both referring to the year 2008. Statistical analyses including ANOVA and factor analysis were applied.Findings – Transport activities are excessively outsourced. Most companies report no outsourcing of order processing and invoicing, and half of them have not outsourced logistics IT systems. Outsourcing is expected to grow in all areas with strongest expectations in materials management, value‐added services, and in IT. The logistics costs for companies engaging in the medium level of outsourcing...
{"title":"Logistics outsourcing and company performance of SMEs","authors":"Tomi Solakivi, Juuso Töyli, J. Engblom, L. Ojala","doi":"10.1108/17538291111147982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17538291111147982","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the current state of and future expectations concerning the usage of the outsourcing of logistics operations in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), and to analyse and quantify the relationships between logistics outsourcing, costs and performance, financial performance, and the company context.Design/methodology/approach – The data were 223 manufacturing and trading SMEs from the Finnish logistics survey combined with detailed financial report‐based data, both referring to the year 2008. Statistical analyses including ANOVA and factor analysis were applied.Findings – Transport activities are excessively outsourced. Most companies report no outsourcing of order processing and invoicing, and half of them have not outsourced logistics IT systems. Outsourcing is expected to grow in all areas with strongest expectations in materials management, value‐added services, and in IT. The logistics costs for companies engaging in the medium level of outsourcing...","PeriodicalId":319712,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal","volume":"392 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124737707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-28DOI: 10.1108/17538291111147991
K. Sharda, Leena Chatterjee
Purpose – There is an increasing recognition of outsourcing firms as new organizational forms with unique systems and practices. This paper seeks to use a configurational approach to integrate learning from outsourcing literature, organization and management theory, strategic management and strategic human resource management in order to understand similarities and differences between outsourcing firms and their performance. It aims to examine if certain combinations of work designs, strategic orientations, client relations and contexts could lead to better organizational performance within a sample of outsourcing firms.Design/methodology/approach – A combination of descriptive and exploratory research design has been used to collect data from 60 outsourcing firms across India. Using survey and semi‐structured interviews, data have been collected from the top management team and non‐managerial employees in each organization (n=836 respondents). Principal components factor analysis, Ward's minimum variance...
{"title":"Configurations of outsourcing firms and organizational performance: A study of outsourcing industry in India","authors":"K. Sharda, Leena Chatterjee","doi":"10.1108/17538291111147991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17538291111147991","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – There is an increasing recognition of outsourcing firms as new organizational forms with unique systems and practices. This paper seeks to use a configurational approach to integrate learning from outsourcing literature, organization and management theory, strategic management and strategic human resource management in order to understand similarities and differences between outsourcing firms and their performance. It aims to examine if certain combinations of work designs, strategic orientations, client relations and contexts could lead to better organizational performance within a sample of outsourcing firms.Design/methodology/approach – A combination of descriptive and exploratory research design has been used to collect data from 60 outsourcing firms across India. Using survey and semi‐structured interviews, data have been collected from the top management team and non‐managerial employees in each organization (n=836 respondents). Principal components factor analysis, Ward's minimum variance...","PeriodicalId":319712,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125614893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-28DOI: 10.1108/17538291111147973
T. M. Srithika, Sanghamitra Bhattacharyya
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a scale for measuring value progress in outsourcing organizations. The scale is also intended to capture the differences in the nature of progress between different categories of outsourcing organizations.Design/methodology/approach – The procedure for developing measures suggested by Churchill was adopted. The balanced scorecard framework has been used to generate items. Data were collected from 693 employees in 49 outsourcing organizations in India (specifically, those categorized as knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) and business process outsourcing (BPO)) and the scale reliability and validity was tested using content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and co‐efficient alpha scores. Confirmatory fit indices have been used to establish validity and unidimensionality of the measures.Findings – The study statistically establishes a tool to measure progress of outsourcing organizations. The findings reveal that some organ...
{"title":"Measuring value progress in outsourcing organizations","authors":"T. M. Srithika, Sanghamitra Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1108/17538291111147973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17538291111147973","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a scale for measuring value progress in outsourcing organizations. The scale is also intended to capture the differences in the nature of progress between different categories of outsourcing organizations.Design/methodology/approach – The procedure for developing measures suggested by Churchill was adopted. The balanced scorecard framework has been used to generate items. Data were collected from 693 employees in 49 outsourcing organizations in India (specifically, those categorized as knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) and business process outsourcing (BPO)) and the scale reliability and validity was tested using content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and co‐efficient alpha scores. Confirmatory fit indices have been used to establish validity and unidimensionality of the measures.Findings – The study statistically establishes a tool to measure progress of outsourcing organizations. The findings reveal that some organ...","PeriodicalId":319712,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124575864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-28DOI: 10.1108/17538291111148008
Saji K. Mathew
Purpose – Although risks and client‐vendor relationships in IT outsourcing have been studied in prior research, there is a paucity of studies providing insights on the mitigation of client risks through the relationship. This research aims to focus on mitigation of the ex post risks of firms engaged in offshore software development (OSD). Client risks due to service provider behavior are identified first. Further, this work seeks to identify relationship variables that could reduce the impact of determinants of risk on a risk category.Design/methodology/approach – This research followed a multiple case study method aiming to build insights and directions that would facilitate further research. The paper's goal of sampling was to choose cases which were likely to extend the emergent theory pertaining to risks and their mitigation through relationships.Findings – Findings from this study show that shirking, loss of control over information assets, and service provider lock‐in are the three categories of ex ...
{"title":"Mitigation of risks due to service provider behavior in offshore software development: A relationship approach","authors":"Saji K. Mathew","doi":"10.1108/17538291111148008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17538291111148008","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – Although risks and client‐vendor relationships in IT outsourcing have been studied in prior research, there is a paucity of studies providing insights on the mitigation of client risks through the relationship. This research aims to focus on mitigation of the ex post risks of firms engaged in offshore software development (OSD). Client risks due to service provider behavior are identified first. Further, this work seeks to identify relationship variables that could reduce the impact of determinants of risk on a risk category.Design/methodology/approach – This research followed a multiple case study method aiming to build insights and directions that would facilitate further research. The paper's goal of sampling was to choose cases which were likely to extend the emergent theory pertaining to risks and their mitigation through relationships.Findings – Findings from this study show that shirking, loss of control over information assets, and service provider lock‐in are the three categories of ex ...","PeriodicalId":319712,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132091335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-22DOI: 10.1108/17538291111108444
Joachim Timlon
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the factors that influence strategic sourcing decisions to the Brazilian market based on societal and natural values.Design/methodology/approach – A case study method is used because of its suitability for exploring how a Scandinavian multinational corporation can respond to the social context in the Brazilian market by matching, in competition with other firms, its own values, norms and beliefs to those prevailing in the Brazilian market.Findings – The response to the social context in the Brazilian market and the integration with the group's ethical standards comprise certain appropriate corporate social responsibility practices that result in natural and social benefits for the stakeholders, which in turn creates social advantages.Research limitations/implications – The study is focused on the Brazilian market and would benefit from the availability of data in other emerging country markets that pose potential outsourcing destinations, enab...
{"title":"Sustainable strategic sourcing decisions: The logic of appropriateness applied to the Brazilian market","authors":"Joachim Timlon","doi":"10.1108/17538291111108444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17538291111108444","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the factors that influence strategic sourcing decisions to the Brazilian market based on societal and natural values.Design/methodology/approach – A case study method is used because of its suitability for exploring how a Scandinavian multinational corporation can respond to the social context in the Brazilian market by matching, in competition with other firms, its own values, norms and beliefs to those prevailing in the Brazilian market.Findings – The response to the social context in the Brazilian market and the integration with the group's ethical standards comprise certain appropriate corporate social responsibility practices that result in natural and social benefits for the stakeholders, which in turn creates social advantages.Research limitations/implications – The study is focused on the Brazilian market and would benefit from the availability of data in other emerging country markets that pose potential outsourcing destinations, enab...","PeriodicalId":319712,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117032504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-22DOI: 10.1108/17538291111108417
Antônio, K. Lau
Purpose – In response to stakeholder concerns for social responsibility in global supply chains, companies have implemented codes of conduct in outsourcing activities. The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically how a multinational buying office implements its social responsibility and the codes in purchasing activities in the Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta (HK/PRD) region.Design/methodology/approach – This paper reports a case study that reviews the experience from three sourcing projects of a multinational buying office in the HK/PRD region. This company has successfully adopted purchasing social responsibility (PSR) practices for years.Findings – The results show that the environment, ethics, health and safety, and human rights are more important than diversity, community, and financial responsibility in PSR practices in the HK/PRD region. The benefits of adopting PSR include reduced operating costs, enhanced brand image and reputation, increased sales and customer loyalty, increased productiv...
{"title":"The implementation of social responsibility in purchasing in Hong Kong/Pearl River Delta: A case study","authors":"Antônio, K. Lau","doi":"10.1108/17538291111108417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17538291111108417","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – In response to stakeholder concerns for social responsibility in global supply chains, companies have implemented codes of conduct in outsourcing activities. The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically how a multinational buying office implements its social responsibility and the codes in purchasing activities in the Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta (HK/PRD) region.Design/methodology/approach – This paper reports a case study that reviews the experience from three sourcing projects of a multinational buying office in the HK/PRD region. This company has successfully adopted purchasing social responsibility (PSR) practices for years.Findings – The results show that the environment, ethics, health and safety, and human rights are more important than diversity, community, and financial responsibility in PSR practices in the HK/PRD region. The benefits of adopting PSR include reduced operating costs, enhanced brand image and reputation, increased sales and customer loyalty, increased productiv...","PeriodicalId":319712,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal","volume":"398 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132338077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-22DOI: 10.1108/17538291111108426
R. Babin, B. Nicholson
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the intersection of sustainability and global IT outsourcing (GITO). GITO is well established as a business practice towards reducing costs and improving performance. Sustainability issues related to carbon footprint and greenhouse gases are increasingly important for all organizations. Responsible and economic energy management is a critical business capability and environmental responsibility in global outsourcing.Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on empirical work undertaken in the UK and North America together with content analysis of public data from leading GITO providers, this paper presents a model for measuring sustainability in outsourcing.Findings – The research findings demonstrate a growing environmental maturity in GITO firms, as measured against external recognized standards such as the Global Reporting Initiative, the Carbon Disclosure Project, the UN Global Compact and the ISO environmental and social responsibility standards.Practical...
{"title":"How green is my outsourcer? Measuring sustainability in global IT outsourcing","authors":"R. Babin, B. Nicholson","doi":"10.1108/17538291111108426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17538291111108426","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the intersection of sustainability and global IT outsourcing (GITO). GITO is well established as a business practice towards reducing costs and improving performance. Sustainability issues related to carbon footprint and greenhouse gases are increasingly important for all organizations. Responsible and economic energy management is a critical business capability and environmental responsibility in global outsourcing.Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on empirical work undertaken in the UK and North America together with content analysis of public data from leading GITO providers, this paper presents a model for measuring sustainability in outsourcing.Findings – The research findings demonstrate a growing environmental maturity in GITO firms, as measured against external recognized standards such as the Global Reporting Initiative, the Carbon Disclosure Project, the UN Global Compact and the ISO environmental and social responsibility standards.Practical...","PeriodicalId":319712,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134081300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-22DOI: 10.1108/17538291111108435
P. Sinha, M. Akoorie, Q. Ding, Qian Wu
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the motivations for offshore outsourcing encountered by manufacturing small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and their suppliers in China. The paper explores the motivations and challenges encountered by SMEs choosing to outsource their manufacturing activities and why their suppliers engage with them.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative case study method was utilized. The authors obtained perspectives of SME managers as well as the suppliers for each of the cases, conducting in‐depth interviews in order to obtain comprehensive information about their outsourcing activities. Then, cross‐case analysis was carried out using content analysis techniques to identify key themes for the motivations to undertake offshore outsourcing.Findings – The results showed that the first rationale for offshore outsourcing relates to increasing efficiency and labor cost reduction while holding quality constant. The second rationale is to maintain flexibility in res...
{"title":"What motivates manufacturing SMEs to outsource offshore in China? Comparing the perspectives of SME manufacturers and their suppliers","authors":"P. Sinha, M. Akoorie, Q. Ding, Qian Wu","doi":"10.1108/17538291111108435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17538291111108435","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the motivations for offshore outsourcing encountered by manufacturing small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and their suppliers in China. The paper explores the motivations and challenges encountered by SMEs choosing to outsource their manufacturing activities and why their suppliers engage with them.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative case study method was utilized. The authors obtained perspectives of SME managers as well as the suppliers for each of the cases, conducting in‐depth interviews in order to obtain comprehensive information about their outsourcing activities. Then, cross‐case analysis was carried out using content analysis techniques to identify key themes for the motivations to undertake offshore outsourcing.Findings – The results showed that the first rationale for offshore outsourcing relates to increasing efficiency and labor cost reduction while holding quality constant. The second rationale is to maintain flexibility in res...","PeriodicalId":319712,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131252507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-22DOI: 10.1108/17538291111108408
L. Willcocks
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and assess the evolution of client and supplier approaches and capabilities from 1989 to 2010 in relation to outsourcing and delineate four phases which client learning can be observed to pass through over time. It assesses the lessons that outsourcing stakeholders can absorb from this short but rich history.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a detailed review of 20 years of research into 1,600+outsourcing arrangements studied overtime, and carried out by the author with a range of colleagues, covering IT and business process outsourcing and offshoring practices.Findings – The paper finds that learning has been slow and not passed well within organizations or across from the fields of ITO to BPO and offshore outsourcing. Retained capabilities emerge as a key lifebelt for survival. However, the more recent history has seen more moves towards greater collaboration, which make more objectives and innovation possible.Research limitations/impl...
{"title":"Machiavelli, management and outsourcing: still on the learning curve","authors":"L. Willcocks","doi":"10.1108/17538291111108408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17538291111108408","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and assess the evolution of client and supplier approaches and capabilities from 1989 to 2010 in relation to outsourcing and delineate four phases which client learning can be observed to pass through over time. It assesses the lessons that outsourcing stakeholders can absorb from this short but rich history.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a detailed review of 20 years of research into 1,600+outsourcing arrangements studied overtime, and carried out by the author with a range of colleagues, covering IT and business process outsourcing and offshoring practices.Findings – The paper finds that learning has been slow and not passed well within organizations or across from the fields of ITO to BPO and offshore outsourcing. Retained capabilities emerge as a key lifebelt for survival. However, the more recent history has seen more moves towards greater collaboration, which make more objectives and innovation possible.Research limitations/impl...","PeriodicalId":319712,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127166306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：