Pub Date : 2017-05-22DOI: 10.2047/ijltfesvol6iss4-1210-1221
M. Sousa, V. S. Duarte
We assess the general impact of land reforms on growth using human capital growth models due to Arrow (1962) - the main newness of the paper- after surveying the literature and building a typology. Thus, we conclude that land reform can yet been used as a modern tool to spur growth and development, but with our approach we can define the main limits and constraints that can block this growth. We conclude that a raise in undifferentiated wages after land reform leads to an unrecoverable society welfare loss; thus, yielding a lesson to political agents’ decision-makers elected after land reforms – wage raise land reform should not be used as an electoral motto.
{"title":"Don´t do Land Reform: a simple theorem","authors":"M. Sousa, V. S. Duarte","doi":"10.2047/ijltfesvol6iss4-1210-1221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2047/ijltfesvol6iss4-1210-1221","url":null,"abstract":"We assess the general impact of land reforms on growth using human capital growth models due to Arrow (1962) - the main newness of the paper- after surveying the literature and building a typology. Thus, we conclude that land reform can yet been used as a modern tool to spur growth and development, but with our approach we can define the main limits and constraints that can block this growth. We conclude that a raise in undifferentiated wages after land reform leads to an unrecoverable society welfare loss; thus, yielding a lesson to political agents’ decision-makers elected after land reforms – wage raise land reform should not be used as an electoral motto.","PeriodicalId":320274,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117010922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-22DOI: 10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS4-1238-1243
M. Sousa
Focusing on the concept of Rawlsian-welfare-analysis, we evaluate land reform in a context of human capital. This theoretical and conceptual analysis is applied to the question of equity and social inclusion: our model previews that latifundia will be divided creating either mesofundia or microfundia. The way the social optimum is achieved, and the way we express the social welfare function is new to the literature, as far as we know, no Rawlsian including land reform has been tempted. The Rawlsian welfare function, in a context of uncertainty, corresponds to the max-min criteria. This means that if land is given to the social underdog, then his welfare improves, but the amount of land must be large enough in order to get him out of the poverty trap (human capital defined) threshold. The iteration of this principle to the successive “underdogs” creates the notion of a dynamic social including Rawlsian land reform. Equity can be improved if we look by the planner’s eyes in a Rawlsian way. This analysis then can be expanded to free market analysis, using the Second Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Analysis and market prices can be retrieved by the Negishi procedure. We also present a criticism to Rawlsian land reform, in the form of the least state interventionism, an utmost version of the liberal paradigm, the anarchic one - Nozickian land reform.
{"title":"Rawlsian Land Reform with Human Capital: A Social Inclusion Process for the Landless ‘Underdog’","authors":"M. Sousa","doi":"10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS4-1238-1243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS4-1238-1243","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on the concept of Rawlsian-welfare-analysis, we evaluate land reform in a context of human capital. This theoretical and conceptual analysis is applied to the question of equity and social inclusion: our model previews that latifundia will be divided creating either mesofundia or microfundia. The way the social optimum is achieved, and the way we express the social welfare function is new to the literature, as far as we know, no Rawlsian including land reform has been tempted. The Rawlsian welfare function, in a context of uncertainty, corresponds to the max-min criteria. This means that if land is given to the social underdog, then his welfare improves, but the amount of land must be large enough in order to get him out of the poverty trap (human capital defined) threshold. The iteration of this principle to the successive “underdogs” creates the notion of a dynamic social including Rawlsian land reform. Equity can be improved if we look by the planner’s eyes in a Rawlsian way. This analysis then can be expanded to free market analysis, using the Second Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Analysis and market prices can be retrieved by the Negishi procedure. We also present a criticism to Rawlsian land reform, in the form of the least state interventionism, an utmost version of the liberal paradigm, the anarchic one - Nozickian land reform.","PeriodicalId":320274,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133465179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-22DOI: 10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS4-1231-1237
M. F. Ferreiro
The paper explores some fundamental aspects of a Political Economy of Land such as the definition of rights and duties in legal and ethical terms. The increasing demands of sustainability introduces the need of a critical analysis of this institution with the purpose to explain and improve the present discussion that pursue alternative forms of appropriation and use of natural resources such as land. The responsibility involved in property rights and, thus, its conception in reciprocal terms, is present in some of the most important works of economic thought, namely Classical Political Economy and Old Institutionalism. These theories present important insights to the conception of land and its exploitation. The analysis of the legal rules that define property rights in the Portuguese case stresses the rights and duties involved in property. Besides Law, a Political Economy of Land should consider Ethics, namely Land Ethics. Therefore, the paper presents an essay for the analysis of property rights trough economic, legal and ethical concerns envisaging the design of a Political Economy of Land.
{"title":"Towards a Political Economy of Land: Reciprocal Rights and Duties in Private Property","authors":"M. F. Ferreiro","doi":"10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS4-1231-1237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS4-1231-1237","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores some fundamental aspects of a Political Economy of Land such as the definition of rights and duties in legal and ethical terms. The increasing demands of sustainability introduces the need of a critical analysis of this institution with the purpose to explain and improve the present discussion that pursue alternative forms of appropriation and use of natural resources such as land. The responsibility involved in property rights and, thus, its conception in reciprocal terms, is present in some of the most important works of economic thought, namely Classical Political Economy and Old Institutionalism. These theories present important insights to the conception of land and its exploitation. The analysis of the legal rules that define property rights in the Portuguese case stresses the rights and duties involved in property. Besides Law, a Political Economy of Land should consider Ethics, namely Land Ethics. Therefore, the paper presents an essay for the analysis of property rights trough economic, legal and ethical concerns envisaging the design of a Political Economy of Land.","PeriodicalId":320274,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134360079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-22DOI: 10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS4-1244-1246
A. Caleiro
It is generally assumed that equity and inequality evolve in different directions. This assumption is the target of analysis in this short-paper, for this considering the particular case of two agents (e.g., landowners), which allows a graphical approach to the subject.
{"title":"Are Equity and Inequality Incompatible? A graphical response","authors":"A. Caleiro","doi":"10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS4-1244-1246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS4-1244-1246","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally assumed that equity and inequality evolve in different directions. This assumption is the target of analysis in this short-paper, for this considering the particular case of two agents (e.g., landowners), which allows a graphical approach to the subject.","PeriodicalId":320274,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114793690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-22DOI: 10.2047/ijltfesvol6iss4-1207-1209
M. Sousa, J. Filipe
This number of the IJLTFES - International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences is dedicated specifically to Political Economy of Land Reform. The discussion involving these subjects comprises several authors who have contributed to this number of the Journal with their work and to whom the Editors would like to thank for their participation. After this recognition, it is suitable to thank also to all the reviewers for their contributions for the improvement of the Journal’s issue.
{"title":"Editorial Note “Political Economy of Land Reform”","authors":"M. Sousa, J. Filipe","doi":"10.2047/ijltfesvol6iss4-1207-1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2047/ijltfesvol6iss4-1207-1209","url":null,"abstract":"This number of the IJLTFES - International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences is dedicated specifically to Political Economy of Land Reform. The discussion involving these subjects comprises several authors who have contributed to this number of the Journal with their work and to whom the Editors would like to thank for their participation. After this recognition, it is suitable to thank also to all the reviewers for their contributions for the improvement of the Journal’s issue.","PeriodicalId":320274,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116551165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-22DOI: 10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS4-1222-1230
M. Branco
Many rights, most especially of the second and third generations, are taken as human rights because they constitute a prerequisite to secure recognized other human rights of previous generations. Access to land falls typically under this category and can therefore be regarded among these rights. Indeed, access to land is a precondition for an equal access to food and housing; as an item of cultural liberty, especially critical for indigenous peoples; and as a requirement for gender equality, for instance. Securing access to land often means transferring land rights, in other words reforming the agrarian structure. Land reform, thus, ends up being converted into an instrument to secure human rights. As usually in human rights discourse, responsibility is a key issue. In other words, one must determine what institution should conduct land reform. This essay tries to show that despite the fact that markets have somewhat been claiming for a more active intervention, the state is yet the most eligible institution to do it.
{"title":"Human Rights Based Approach to Land Reform","authors":"M. Branco","doi":"10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS4-1222-1230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS4-1222-1230","url":null,"abstract":"Many rights, most especially of the second and third generations, are taken as human rights because they constitute a prerequisite to secure recognized other human rights of previous generations. Access to land falls typically under this category and can therefore be regarded among these rights. Indeed, access to land is a precondition for an equal access to food and housing; as an item of cultural liberty, especially critical for indigenous peoples; and as a requirement for gender equality, for instance. Securing access to land often means transferring land rights, in other words reforming the agrarian structure. Land reform, thus, ends up being converted into an instrument to secure human rights. As usually in human rights discourse, responsibility is a key issue. In other words, one must determine what institution should conduct land reform. This essay tries to show that despite the fact that markets have somewhat been claiming for a more active intervention, the state is yet the most eligible institution to do it.","PeriodicalId":320274,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115330769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-22DOI: 10.2047/ijltfesvol6iss4-1250-1252
Manuel Ferreira
The objective of this work is the book “Agricultural Cooperative Management and Policy (New Robust, Reliable and Coherent Modelling Tools)”, 978-3-319-06634-9, from Springer Series “Cooperative Management”, review.
{"title":"Agricultural Cooperative Management and Policy (New Robust, Reliable and Coherent Modelling Tools) A Book Review","authors":"Manuel Ferreira","doi":"10.2047/ijltfesvol6iss4-1250-1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2047/ijltfesvol6iss4-1250-1252","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is the book “Agricultural Cooperative Management and Policy (New Robust, Reliable and Coherent Modelling Tools)”, 978-3-319-06634-9, from Springer Series “Cooperative Management”, review.","PeriodicalId":320274,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124587865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-23DOI: 10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS3-1153-1161
Raya Kanazireva
This paper presents the results of an empirical study of corporate entrepreneurship (CE) in Bulgarian software industry. The study assesses the levels of entrepreneurial intensity and the internal organizational climate for corporate entrepreneurship among the employees of established Bulgarian-owned software companies. The CE factors validated by the study are management support, autonomy /work discretion and rewards/ reinforcement. The relationships among the factors of the organizational climate for CE and entrepreneurial intensity (EI) are tested and a model for the CE factors explaining EI is presented.
{"title":"Corporate Entrepreneurship in Bulgarian Software Companies","authors":"Raya Kanazireva","doi":"10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS3-1153-1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2047/IJLTFESVOL6ISS3-1153-1161","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of an empirical study of corporate entrepreneurship (CE) in Bulgarian software industry. The study assesses the levels of entrepreneurial intensity and the internal organizational climate for corporate entrepreneurship among the employees of established Bulgarian-owned software companies. The CE factors validated by the study are management support, autonomy /work discretion and rewards/ reinforcement. The relationships among the factors of the organizational climate for CE and entrepreneurial intensity (EI) are tested and a model for the CE factors explaining EI is presented.","PeriodicalId":320274,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134422113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-23DOI: 10.2047/ijltfesvol6iss3-1150-1152
D. Yordanova
This special issue of the International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences is dedicated to entrepreneurship, management and performance in transition and emerging countries. Although emerging and transition economies are low or middle-income economies, they exhibit growth orientation and therefore have increasing importance for the world economy. The creation of new businesses and management and performance of established companies are driving forces behind this fast economic development. It was acknowledged that findings in the field of entrepreneurship and management from developed economies may not be directly applicable to other countries and contexts (Bruton et al., 2008; Wright at al., 2005). Both emerging and established businesses operating in emerging and transition economies may face specific challenges related to institutional environment, availability of resources, policy issues, organizational arrangements such as business groups and networks (Hoskisson et al., 2000). The papers included in this special issue of the Journal investigate a wide range of topics related to entrepreneurship, management and performance in transition and emerging economies in an attempt to fill existing knowledge gaps.
本期《国际财经科学最新趋势杂志》特刊致力于探讨转型和新兴国家的企业家精神、管理和绩效。虽然新兴和转型经济体是低收入或中等收入经济体，但它们表现出增长导向，因此对世界经济的重要性日益增加。新业务的创建以及老牌公司的管理和业绩是这种快速经济发展背后的推动力。人们承认，发达经济体在创业和管理领域的发现可能无法直接适用于其他国家和背景(Bruton等人，2008;Wright at al.， 2005)。在新兴和转型经济体中运营的新兴和老牌企业都可能面临与制度环境、资源可用性、政策问题、组织安排(如商业团体和网络)相关的具体挑战(Hoskisson et al.， 2000)。本期《华尔街日报》特刊收录的论文调查了与转型和新兴经济体的创业、管理和绩效相关的广泛主题，试图填补现有的知识空白。
{"title":"Editorial Note: Entrepreneurship, Management and Performance in Transition and Emerging Economies","authors":"D. Yordanova","doi":"10.2047/ijltfesvol6iss3-1150-1152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2047/ijltfesvol6iss3-1150-1152","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of the International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences is dedicated to entrepreneurship, management and performance in transition and emerging countries. Although emerging and transition economies are low or middle-income economies, they exhibit growth orientation and therefore have increasing importance for the world economy. The creation of new businesses and management and performance of established companies are driving forces behind this fast economic development. It was acknowledged that findings in the field of entrepreneurship and management from developed economies may not be directly applicable to other countries and contexts (Bruton et al., 2008; Wright at al., 2005). Both emerging and established businesses operating in emerging and transition economies may face specific challenges related to institutional environment, availability of resources, policy issues, organizational arrangements such as business groups and networks (Hoskisson et al., 2000). The papers included in this special issue of the Journal investigate a wide range of topics related to entrepreneurship, management and performance in transition and emerging economies in an attempt to fill existing knowledge gaps.","PeriodicalId":320274,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128238961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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