This paper presents a robust control for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic power system. A perturbation and observation method is adapted to the MPPT, the maximum power point is tracked by increasing or decreasing the duty ratio of on-state of switching device. The variation of duty ratio is determined by considering its circuit parameters. However, it is known, that actual capacitance of an electrolytic capacitor in parallel with the photovoltaic array has 50% tolerance of its nominal value. If the variation of duty ratio is determined based on its nominal value, the performance of MPPT is degraded. Thus, accordingly one must construct a robust system. In the authors' system, they adopt a robust controller for the MPPT, then one can control the voltage of the photovoltaic array accurately. As a result, one may obtain high performance MPPT. Experimental results are shown using an inverter using back-boost chopper circuits.
{"title":"Robust control for maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic power system","authors":"N. Kasa, T. Iida, G. Majumdar","doi":"10.1109/PCC.2002.997627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCC.2002.997627","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a robust control for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic power system. A perturbation and observation method is adapted to the MPPT, the maximum power point is tracked by increasing or decreasing the duty ratio of on-state of switching device. The variation of duty ratio is determined by considering its circuit parameters. However, it is known, that actual capacitance of an electrolytic capacitor in parallel with the photovoltaic array has 50% tolerance of its nominal value. If the variation of duty ratio is determined based on its nominal value, the performance of MPPT is degraded. Thus, accordingly one must construct a robust system. In the authors' system, they adopt a robust controller for the MPPT, then one can control the voltage of the photovoltaic array accurately. As a result, one may obtain high performance MPPT. Experimental results are shown using an inverter using back-boost chopper circuits.","PeriodicalId":320424,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124711872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of aged people is increasing rapidly and this problem will be more serious in Japan. For this reason, there will be many disabled people who have difficulty in walking in the near future. As one area of engineering support for them, a new control method and mechanism for a power limb are proposed in this paper. The main function of the power limb is to support and transport the human body, and so far, electric motors have been used as actuators. However, a general control method for the power limb has not been established. Furthermore, there is an important problem that the mechanism using only motors costs a large amount of energy during walking. In this paper, past research for artificial legs including power limbs and their problems are reviewed, and a new method for the control of a power limb is proposed. First, to realize effective walking, a novel method for determination of walking parameters is identified. Next, a new design method using variable stiffness to suppress the energy consumption at the knee joint is described. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Basic research on power limb using variable stiffness mechanism","authors":"N. Hata, Y. Hori","doi":"10.1109/PCC.2002.997644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCC.2002.997644","url":null,"abstract":"The number of aged people is increasing rapidly and this problem will be more serious in Japan. For this reason, there will be many disabled people who have difficulty in walking in the near future. As one area of engineering support for them, a new control method and mechanism for a power limb are proposed in this paper. The main function of the power limb is to support and transport the human body, and so far, electric motors have been used as actuators. However, a general control method for the power limb has not been established. Furthermore, there is an important problem that the mechanism using only motors costs a large amount of energy during walking. In this paper, past research for artificial legs including power limbs and their problems are reviewed, and a new method for the control of a power limb is proposed. First, to realize effective walking, a novel method for determination of walking parameters is identified. Next, a new design method using variable stiffness to suppress the energy consumption at the knee joint is described. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":320424,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129866777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a design method of the L-C output filter for three-phase UPS inverter. The harmonic components of the output voltages are dependent on the L-C value and the system time constant defined by the switching frequency, the speed of control processor the controller gain, etc., but their characteristics are complicated and entangled with each other. In this paper the relation between the L-C value and the system time constant are described with the closed form and the filter values can be calculated to meet the limit of voltage THD considering the system time constant. The schematic design procedure is given by a single flow chart and the proposed filter design algorithm is verified through the simulation and experiments.
{"title":"Design and analysis of output filter for 3-phase UPS inverter","authors":"Byoungwoo Ryu, Jaesig Kim, Jaeho Choi, C. Choi","doi":"10.1109/PCC.2002.998095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCC.2002.998095","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a design method of the L-C output filter for three-phase UPS inverter. The harmonic components of the output voltages are dependent on the L-C value and the system time constant defined by the switching frequency, the speed of control processor the controller gain, etc., but their characteristics are complicated and entangled with each other. In this paper the relation between the L-C value and the system time constant are described with the closed form and the filter values can be calculated to meet the limit of voltage THD considering the system time constant. The schematic design procedure is given by a single flow chart and the proposed filter design algorithm is verified through the simulation and experiments.","PeriodicalId":320424,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125696516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method is studied which suppresses common mode currents flowing in a motor drive system. The method is based on the analyses of EMI noises at high frequencies. EMI noises are analyzed using the FFT method, and separating the motor drive system into three parts: the source (ACL) side, the power converter side and the load (motor) side. It is found through these analyses that there are four resonance frequency components having a strong influence on common mode currents appearing in the motor drive system. Three components of them are generated in power converters (rectifier and inverter); i.e. the two resonance components are produced by switching operations of power converters, and the third component is produced by DC voltage fluctuations superposing on P (or N)- power transmission lines of the converter (rectifier) and inverter. The fourth one is produced by a micro-surge occurring at the terminals of the motor. A method is proposed that controls these resonance components, separating the motor drive system into the three sides. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulations and experiments.
{"title":"New methods to suppress EMI noises produced in the motor drive system","authors":"N. Mutoh, M. Ogata, K. Gulez, F. Harashima","doi":"10.1109/PCC.2002.998123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCC.2002.998123","url":null,"abstract":"A method is studied which suppresses common mode currents flowing in a motor drive system. The method is based on the analyses of EMI noises at high frequencies. EMI noises are analyzed using the FFT method, and separating the motor drive system into three parts: the source (ACL) side, the power converter side and the load (motor) side. It is found through these analyses that there are four resonance frequency components having a strong influence on common mode currents appearing in the motor drive system. Three components of them are generated in power converters (rectifier and inverter); i.e. the two resonance components are produced by switching operations of power converters, and the third component is produced by DC voltage fluctuations superposing on P (or N)- power transmission lines of the converter (rectifier) and inverter. The fourth one is produced by a micro-surge occurring at the terminals of the motor. A method is proposed that controls these resonance components, separating the motor drive system into the three sides. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulations and experiments.","PeriodicalId":320424,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133787094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power electronics is a key enabling technology in modern power conversion. However, there are rather substantial challenges which limit its more widespread acceptance. The challenges covered in this paper relate to fundamental design paradigms that could be changed via a true multidisciplinary focus. Amongst such major challenges are (1) the need for solid geometric concurrent design methods, (2) the need for enhanced dynamic range consistent with applications, (3) the need for sustained operation in physical limits without shutdown, and (4) the need for integrated sensing methodologies. For each of these challenges, the paper identifies and discusses the salient issues and relates them to promising new multidisciplinary technologies in power electronic systems.
{"title":"Power conversion challenges with a multidisciplinary focus","authors":"R. Lorenz","doi":"10.1109/PCC.2002.997541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCC.2002.997541","url":null,"abstract":"Power electronics is a key enabling technology in modern power conversion. However, there are rather substantial challenges which limit its more widespread acceptance. The challenges covered in this paper relate to fundamental design paradigms that could be changed via a true multidisciplinary focus. Amongst such major challenges are (1) the need for solid geometric concurrent design methods, (2) the need for enhanced dynamic range consistent with applications, (3) the need for sustained operation in physical limits without shutdown, and (4) the need for integrated sensing methodologies. For each of these challenges, the paper identifies and discusses the salient issues and relates them to promising new multidisciplinary technologies in power electronic systems.","PeriodicalId":320424,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133970056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Shirai, T. Matsushige, M. Ishitobi, T. Myoui, M. Nakaoka, D. Bessyo, H. Omori
In this paper, a circuit topology of a half bridge quasi-resonant ZVS-PWM high frequency inverter type AC-DC converter using IGBTs for the consumer magnetron drive is presented, which can use the high frequency high voltage transformer, voltage doubler and power semiconductor switching devices (IGBTs) used in active voltage clamped quasi-resonant PWM inverters suitable for 100 V utility AC power systems. The operating analysis and characteristic evaluations of a switching power supply converter circuit for a microwave oven in a 200 VAC utility power system used in Europe, China and Japan are discussed on the basis of simulation and experimental results. Moreover, a new 60 Hz sinewave partial pulse modulation pattern control scheme of the pulse operating frequency modulation and pulse width modulation is proposed and discussed in order to improve harmonic current components in 200 V utility AC power grid under a condition of the peak limitation of the magnetron anode current.
{"title":"Pulse pattern modulated soft commutation inverter-type AC-DC power converter with harmonic current components reduction in utility power side","authors":"H. Shirai, T. Matsushige, M. Ishitobi, T. Myoui, M. Nakaoka, D. Bessyo, H. Omori","doi":"10.1109/PCC.2002.998192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCC.2002.998192","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a circuit topology of a half bridge quasi-resonant ZVS-PWM high frequency inverter type AC-DC converter using IGBTs for the consumer magnetron drive is presented, which can use the high frequency high voltage transformer, voltage doubler and power semiconductor switching devices (IGBTs) used in active voltage clamped quasi-resonant PWM inverters suitable for 100 V utility AC power systems. The operating analysis and characteristic evaluations of a switching power supply converter circuit for a microwave oven in a 200 VAC utility power system used in Europe, China and Japan are discussed on the basis of simulation and experimental results. Moreover, a new 60 Hz sinewave partial pulse modulation pattern control scheme of the pulse operating frequency modulation and pulse width modulation is proposed and discussed in order to improve harmonic current components in 200 V utility AC power grid under a condition of the peak limitation of the magnetron anode current.","PeriodicalId":320424,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134028179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Takashima, M. Tomita, Zhiqian Chen, M. Satoh, S. Doki, S. Okuma
In sensorless control methods of the cylindrical brushless DC motors (BLMs), it is impossible to drive motors at low speeds and at standstill because the EMF is used in their methods. This paper proposes to paste nonmagnetic materials on the rotor surface and to use the model including the extended EMF. In the proposed method, the inductance changes depending on the rotor position because of eddy currents, which flow on the nonmagnetic material at high frequency. The rotor position can be estimated at standstill and at low speeds. The simulation results show that the proposed method is very useful.
{"title":"Sensorless position and velocity control of cylindrical brushless DC motors at low speed using eddy current","authors":"H. Takashima, M. Tomita, Zhiqian Chen, M. Satoh, S. Doki, S. Okuma","doi":"10.1109/PCC.2002.998161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCC.2002.998161","url":null,"abstract":"In sensorless control methods of the cylindrical brushless DC motors (BLMs), it is impossible to drive motors at low speeds and at standstill because the EMF is used in their methods. This paper proposes to paste nonmagnetic materials on the rotor surface and to use the model including the extended EMF. In the proposed method, the inductance changes depending on the rotor position because of eddy currents, which flow on the nonmagnetic material at high frequency. The rotor position can be estimated at standstill and at low speeds. The simulation results show that the proposed method is very useful.","PeriodicalId":320424,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134290411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with a self-commutated BTB (back-to-back) system for the purpose of power flow control and/or frequency change in transmission systems. Each BTB unit consists of two sets of 16 three-phase voltage-source converters, and their AC terminals are connected in series with each other via 16 three-phase transformers. Hence, the BTB unit uses totally 192 switching devices capable of achieving gate commutation. This results in a great reduction of voltage and current harmonics without performing PWM control. Simulation results verify the validity of the proposed system configuration and control scheme not only under a normal operating condition but also under a single-line-to-ground fault condition.
{"title":"Performance of a self-commutated BTB system under a single-line-to-ground fault condition","authors":"M. Hagiwara, H. Akagi, H. Fujita","doi":"10.1109/PCC.2002.998130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCC.2002.998130","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a self-commutated BTB (back-to-back) system for the purpose of power flow control and/or frequency change in transmission systems. Each BTB unit consists of two sets of 16 three-phase voltage-source converters, and their AC terminals are connected in series with each other via 16 three-phase transformers. Hence, the BTB unit uses totally 192 switching devices capable of achieving gate commutation. This results in a great reduction of voltage and current harmonics without performing PWM control. Simulation results verify the validity of the proposed system configuration and control scheme not only under a normal operating condition but also under a single-line-to-ground fault condition.","PeriodicalId":320424,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132258744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multilevel converter is suitable for high power application and is able to reduce harmonics while keeping switching frequency at the fundamental frequency. We propose to apply multilevel converter configuration for back-to-back HVDC link to suppress harmonics without multi-pulse PWM method which introduces large switching loss. In this paper, 9, 11 and 13 level converters are described and compared from the point of harmonic reduction. Theoretically, 9-level can suppress 5th, 7th and 11th harmonics, however 11-level cannot suppress 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonics and 13-level is required.
{"title":"Suppression of harmonics of multi-level converter applied for back-to-back HVDC link","authors":"N. Kimura, A. Kouno, T. Morizan, K. Taniguchi","doi":"10.1109/PCC.2002.998131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCC.2002.998131","url":null,"abstract":"Multilevel converter is suitable for high power application and is able to reduce harmonics while keeping switching frequency at the fundamental frequency. We propose to apply multilevel converter configuration for back-to-back HVDC link to suppress harmonics without multi-pulse PWM method which introduces large switching loss. In this paper, 9, 11 and 13 level converters are described and compared from the point of harmonic reduction. Theoretically, 9-level can suppress 5th, 7th and 11th harmonics, however 11-level cannot suppress 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonics and 13-level is required.","PeriodicalId":320424,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114585181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel formulation of induction machines with modified nodal analysis is proposed for simulations of power electronics systems. The size of formulated matrix of a three-phase induction machine becomes 15/spl times/15, which includes the voltage and torque equations. The simulation written in C++ programming language and experiment of the generator system, which consists of a cascaded induction generator and a six-pulse rectifier, were carried out. These results prove the effectiveness of the proposed formulation.
{"title":"Analysis of power electronics systems including cascaded induction machines with modified nodal analysis","authors":"S. Kato, N. Hoshi, K. Oguchi","doi":"10.1109/PCC.2002.998561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCC.2002.998561","url":null,"abstract":"A novel formulation of induction machines with modified nodal analysis is proposed for simulations of power electronics systems. The size of formulated matrix of a three-phase induction machine becomes 15/spl times/15, which includes the voltage and torque equations. The simulation written in C++ programming language and experiment of the generator system, which consists of a cascaded induction generator and a six-pulse rectifier, were carried out. These results prove the effectiveness of the proposed formulation.","PeriodicalId":320424,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114624516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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