Pub Date : 2019-11-08DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20190406.12
R. Jastania
One of the major principles in healthcare is patient safety. Any intervention in healthcare should be safe, regardless of its benefits. The implementation of laboratory information system (LIS) has a multidimensional effect on the healthcare system. LIS plays a role in medical informatics, consumer informatic and translational bioinformatics. Nevertheless, implementation of LIS impacts patient safety in many different aspects. The aim of this paper is to investigate how patient safety can be improved by laboratory information system. The author conducted this review by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and the World Wide Web (reports, blogs, news) for articles published in English on the following keywords were searched: laboratory information system, patient safety, and quality. We found that there is a broad framework of dimensions to evaluate LIS. The framework is based on two concepts: brain-to-brain loop process, and HOT-fit dimensions. The brain-to-brain loop process can be divided into five phases: 1) pre-test, 2) pre-analytic, 3) analytic, 4) post-analytic and 5) post-test phases. In each phase, LIS provides functions to facilitate performing different tasks. In the HOT-fit model, there are three broad dimensions that need to be analyzed and considered in LIS. These are: 1) Human dimension, 2) Organizational dimensions, and 3) Technology dimensions. LIS plays a critical role in patient safety in the components of this framework. We concluded that Implementation of LIS has certainly a multidimensional impact on patient safety in different aspects on informatics. This includes LIS roles in three field of health informatics: medical informatics, consumer informatics and translational bioinformatics. LIS can integrate these fields to provide safer healthcare.
{"title":"How Laboratory Information System Improves Patient Safety","authors":"R. Jastania","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190406.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190406.12","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major principles in healthcare is patient safety. Any intervention in healthcare should be safe, regardless of its benefits. The implementation of laboratory information system (LIS) has a multidimensional effect on the healthcare system. LIS plays a role in medical informatics, consumer informatic and translational bioinformatics. Nevertheless, implementation of LIS impacts patient safety in many different aspects. The aim of this paper is to investigate how patient safety can be improved by laboratory information system. The author conducted this review by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and the World Wide Web (reports, blogs, news) for articles published in English on the following keywords were searched: laboratory information system, patient safety, and quality. We found that there is a broad framework of dimensions to evaluate LIS. The framework is based on two concepts: brain-to-brain loop process, and HOT-fit dimensions. The brain-to-brain loop process can be divided into five phases: 1) pre-test, 2) pre-analytic, 3) analytic, 4) post-analytic and 5) post-test phases. In each phase, LIS provides functions to facilitate performing different tasks. In the HOT-fit model, there are three broad dimensions that need to be analyzed and considered in LIS. These are: 1) Human dimension, 2) Organizational dimensions, and 3) Technology dimensions. LIS plays a critical role in patient safety in the components of this framework. We concluded that Implementation of LIS has certainly a multidimensional impact on patient safety in different aspects on informatics. This includes LIS roles in three field of health informatics: medical informatics, consumer informatics and translational bioinformatics. LIS can integrate these fields to provide safer healthcare.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114191986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ER, PR and HER 2/neu receptor studies are known to be prognostic and predictive biomarkers of breast carcinoma. Hence the status of ER, PR and HER 2/neu receptors are routinely assessed in breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry using paraffin embedded tissue blocks. The reason for assessing the receptor status is to decide on the best treatment regime for breast cancer patients. Ki 67 which is a biomarker of cellular proliferation is also assessed to guide the oncologist by determining the proliferative capacity of the tumour. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted during January 2016 to December 2018 in three specialized surgical centres. Study sample included 92 patients with histologically confirmed breast carcinoma. ER, PR, HER2/neu receptor status and Ki 67 proliferative index were assessed to determine the prognostic implications of breast carcinoma. Mean age at presentation was 53.99 years and the most common histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (84.78%). In the cohort of 92 patients with breast carcinoma 73.91% were ER positive, 58.69% were PR positive, and 11.95% were HER2/neu positive. Lymph nodal involvement was seen in 31.52% of the patients. There was no statistically significant association with HER2/neu status and nodal involvement (p = 0.629). Distant metastasis was seen in 4.35% cases. The association with HER2/neu status and distant metastasis was not statistically significant (p = 0.085). ER status showed a significant negative correlation with HER2 status (rho = -0.634, p < 0.0001). PR status showed a significant negative correlation with HER2 status (rho = -0.834, p < 0.0001). Ki67 index showed a significant positive correlation with HER2 status (rho = 0.248, p = 0.017).
已知ER, PR和HER 2/ new受体研究是乳腺癌的预后和预测性生物标志物。因此，使用石蜡包埋组织块的免疫组织化学方法常规评估乳腺癌中ER、PR和HER 2/neu受体的状态。评估受体状态的原因是决定乳腺癌患者的最佳治疗方案。Ki 67是细胞增殖的生物标志物，也被评估来指导肿瘤学家确定肿瘤的增殖能力。一项描述性横断面研究于2016年1月至2018年12月在三个专业外科中心进行。研究样本包括92例组织学证实的乳腺癌患者。评估ER、PR、HER2/neu受体状态和Ki 67增殖指数，以确定乳腺癌的预后意义。平均发病年龄为53.99岁，病理类型以浸润性导管癌为主(84.78%)。在92例乳腺癌患者中，73.91%为ER阳性，58.69%为PR阳性，11.95%为HER2/neu阳性。淋巴结受累占31.52%。HER2/neu状态与淋巴结受累无统计学意义(p = 0.629)。远处转移4.35%。与HER2/neu状态和远处转移的相关性无统计学意义(p = 0.085)。ER状态与HER2状态呈显著负相关(rho = -0.634, p < 0.0001)。PR水平与HER2水平呈显著负相关(rho = -0.834, p < 0.0001)。Ki67指数与HER2状态呈显著正相关(rho = 0.248, p = 0.017)。
{"title":"Prognostic Implications of ER, PR and HER2/Neu Protein Expression in a Cohort of Breast Carcinoma","authors":"Seneviratne Bimalka, Seneviratne Senali, Adikaram Lakna","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190406.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190406.11","url":null,"abstract":"ER, PR and HER 2/neu receptor studies are known to be prognostic and predictive biomarkers of breast carcinoma. Hence the status of ER, PR and HER 2/neu receptors are routinely assessed in breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry using paraffin embedded tissue blocks. The reason for assessing the receptor status is to decide on the best treatment regime for breast cancer patients. Ki 67 which is a biomarker of cellular proliferation is also assessed to guide the oncologist by determining the proliferative capacity of the tumour. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted during January 2016 to December 2018 in three specialized surgical centres. Study sample included 92 patients with histologically confirmed breast carcinoma. ER, PR, HER2/neu receptor status and Ki 67 proliferative index were assessed to determine the prognostic implications of breast carcinoma. Mean age at presentation was 53.99 years and the most common histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (84.78%). In the cohort of 92 patients with breast carcinoma 73.91% were ER positive, 58.69% were PR positive, and 11.95% were HER2/neu positive. Lymph nodal involvement was seen in 31.52% of the patients. There was no statistically significant association with HER2/neu status and nodal involvement (p = 0.629). Distant metastasis was seen in 4.35% cases. The association with HER2/neu status and distant metastasis was not statistically significant (p = 0.085). ER status showed a significant negative correlation with HER2 status (rho = -0.634, p < 0.0001). PR status showed a significant negative correlation with HER2 status (rho = -0.834, p < 0.0001). Ki67 index showed a significant positive correlation with HER2 status (rho = 0.248, p = 0.017).","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127916587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-18DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20190405.12
Taoufik Rokni, A. Rabi, N. Soraa, Hassan Ait Bahssain, Younous Said, T. Salama, Fouraiji Karima, Kamili El Ouafi El Aouni, Oulad Saiad Mohamed
Child peritonitis are severe intra-abdominal infections, involving vital prognosis. The available microbiological data of peritonitis in children are inadequate, and antibiotic therapy is not consensual. Description of the bacteriological profile and the antibiotic resistance of the isolated bacteria in the various samples of peritoneal fluid from the different departments of the University Hospital of Marrakech. It is a descriptive study spread over two years. carried out at the Laboratory of Microbiology of the Mohamed VI Hospital of Marrakech (CHU MED VI), covering all the bacterial strains, isolated in the peritoneal fluid samples from the various pediatric departments of the University Hospital. During this period, 92 samples were treated in the laboratory with a positivity rate of 80%. The average age of his children is 11.7 years with a sex ratio of 1.4. The infection was polymicrobial in 40%. Escherichia. coli dominated the bacteriological profile of these peritonitis in 74% of cases, followed by Streptococcus spp (30%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18%), Enterobacter cloacae (6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1%). The susceptibility to amoxicillin in enterobacteria isolated from peritonitis was 32%, 68% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 92% for 3rd generation cephalosporins, 97% for fluoroquinolones, 67% for cotrimoxazole and 89% for gentamycin. Only one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to ceftazidime. All strains remained sensitive to amikacin and carbapenems. Resistance of Enterobacteria to 3rd generation cephalosporins by the production of Extended Spectrum Betalactamase (ESBL) in the isolates was 4%. This prompts us to reconsider our therapeutic approach. We believe that the association C3G + aminoglycoside + metronidazole should be used first-line in severe pediatric peritonitis in our context. The quick initiation of an antibiotic therapy adapted to the resistance profile would be an important factor in improving the prognosis, hence the interest of close collaboration between surgeons, anesthesiologist-intensive care and microbiologists.
小儿腹膜炎是严重的腹内感染，影响预后。现有的儿童腹膜炎的微生物学数据是不充分的，抗生素治疗不是自愿的。描述从马拉喀什大学医院不同科室的各种腹膜液样本中分离出的细菌的细菌学特征和抗生素耐药性。这是一项历时两年的描述性研究。在马拉喀什穆罕默德六世医院微生物实验室(CHU MED VI)进行，涵盖了从大学医院各儿科的腹膜液样本中分离出的所有菌株。在此期间，实验室处理了92份样品，阳性率为80%。他的孩子平均年龄为11.7岁，性别比为1.4。40%为多微生物感染。大肠。74%的腹膜炎以大肠杆菌为主，其次是链球菌(30%)、铜绿假单胞菌(18%)、阴沟肠杆菌(6%)和肺炎克雷伯菌(1%)。腹膜炎分离肠杆菌对阿莫西林的敏感性为32%，对阿莫西林/克拉维酸的敏感性为68%，对第三代头孢菌素的敏感性为92%，对氟喹诺酮类药物的敏感性为97%，对复方新诺唑的敏感性为67%，对庆大霉素的敏感性为89%。只有1株铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶耐药。所有菌株对阿米卡星和碳青霉烯类均保持敏感。肠杆菌对第三代头孢菌素的耐药率为4%。这促使我们重新考虑我们的治疗方法。我们认为C3G +氨基糖苷+甲硝唑联合治疗小儿重症腹膜炎应在一线应用。迅速开始适应耐药情况的抗生素治疗将是改善预后的重要因素，因此外科医生，麻醉师，重症监护医师和微生物学家之间密切合作的兴趣。
{"title":"Bacteriology of Peritonitis in Children Treated at the University Hospital of Marrakech","authors":"Taoufik Rokni, A. Rabi, N. Soraa, Hassan Ait Bahssain, Younous Said, T. Salama, Fouraiji Karima, Kamili El Ouafi El Aouni, Oulad Saiad Mohamed","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190405.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190405.12","url":null,"abstract":"Child peritonitis are severe intra-abdominal infections, involving vital prognosis. The available microbiological data of peritonitis in children are inadequate, and antibiotic therapy is not consensual. Description of the bacteriological profile and the antibiotic resistance of the isolated bacteria in the various samples of peritoneal fluid from the different departments of the University Hospital of Marrakech. It is a descriptive study spread over two years. carried out at the Laboratory of Microbiology of the Mohamed VI Hospital of Marrakech (CHU MED VI), covering all the bacterial strains, isolated in the peritoneal fluid samples from the various pediatric departments of the University Hospital. During this period, 92 samples were treated in the laboratory with a positivity rate of 80%. The average age of his children is 11.7 years with a sex ratio of 1.4. The infection was polymicrobial in 40%. Escherichia. coli dominated the bacteriological profile of these peritonitis in 74% of cases, followed by Streptococcus spp (30%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18%), Enterobacter cloacae (6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1%). The susceptibility to amoxicillin in enterobacteria isolated from peritonitis was 32%, 68% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 92% for 3rd generation cephalosporins, 97% for fluoroquinolones, 67% for cotrimoxazole and 89% for gentamycin. Only one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to ceftazidime. All strains remained sensitive to amikacin and carbapenems. Resistance of Enterobacteria to 3rd generation cephalosporins by the production of Extended Spectrum Betalactamase (ESBL) in the isolates was 4%. This prompts us to reconsider our therapeutic approach. We believe that the association C3G + aminoglycoside + metronidazole should be used first-line in severe pediatric peritonitis in our context. The quick initiation of an antibiotic therapy adapted to the resistance profile would be an important factor in improving the prognosis, hence the interest of close collaboration between surgeons, anesthesiologist-intensive care and microbiologists.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130102764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20190405.11
I. Karrati, H. Mouhib, H. Yahyaoui, R. Amaddah, M. Aitameur, M. Chakour
Thrombophilia is a situation characterized by an increased tendency to thrombosis. The main objective of this work is to report on the experience of the Haematology Laboratory of the Avicenne Military Hospital of Marrakech, through a retrospective descriptive study carried out over a period of 9 years, on 200 requests for a thrombophilia check-up; and secondly, to discuss its indications and interest in the etiological diagnosis of unexplained thrombosis in the light of the latest recommendations. The thrombogenic risk factor most commonly found in our study was PS deficiency, in contrast to the predominance of Factor V mutation in Western countries, hence the importance of emphasizing that in clinical practice, the first-line thrombophilia assessment should always combine, in accordance with the latest recommendations: inhibitor deficiencies, F V and F II mutations, antiphospholipid antibodies and possibly F VIII determination.
{"title":"Epidemiological Profile of Thrombophilia in Marrakech (Morocco): About 200 Cases","authors":"I. Karrati, H. Mouhib, H. Yahyaoui, R. Amaddah, M. Aitameur, M. Chakour","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190405.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190405.11","url":null,"abstract":"Thrombophilia is a situation characterized by an increased tendency to thrombosis. The main objective of this work is to report on the experience of the Haematology Laboratory of the Avicenne Military Hospital of Marrakech, through a retrospective descriptive study carried out over a period of 9 years, on 200 requests for a thrombophilia check-up; and secondly, to discuss its indications and interest in the etiological diagnosis of unexplained thrombosis in the light of the latest recommendations. The thrombogenic risk factor most commonly found in our study was PS deficiency, in contrast to the predominance of Factor V mutation in Western countries, hence the importance of emphasizing that in clinical practice, the first-line thrombophilia assessment should always combine, in accordance with the latest recommendations: inhibitor deficiencies, F V and F II mutations, antiphospholipid antibodies and possibly F VIII determination.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117253366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sominahouin, G. G. Padonou, Rodrigue Landéhou, A. Salako, H. Sagbohan, I. Ahogni, Sylvain Lokonon, R. Ossè, A. Fassinou, B. Assogba, Fiacre R Agossa, Fortuné Dagnon, Christophe S. Houssou, M. Akogbeto
Background: Climate variability influence the diversity and abundance of malaria vectors and thereby on malaria transmission dynamics. Examine its effect on Anopheles parameters involved in transmission may predict the potential malaria hotspot as a right target for its control intervention strategies. Here, we investigated the influence of meteorological parameters on the aggressiveness and infectivity of Anopheles in two health districts zones where IRS has been extended in Northern Benin. Methods: Mosquito collections were carried out using human landing catches to evaluate rates of aggression and infectivity in twelve villages. Concomitantly, meteorological data from synoptic stations of Benin and neighbouring countries were collected in 2016-2017. Results: The spatial distribution of infective bites of An. gambiae is characterized by an intense aggression in the rural villages of the study area. Analysis of variances showed significant HBR difference according to the period but not according to the locality. However, the same analysis carried out with the infectivity rate shows no significant difference according to the period and the locality. In addition, the number of infective bites per man per month is higher in August and October, and the climatic parameters that have mainly favoured aggression are wind speed, humidity, sunshine and temperature. Indeed, the peak of wind speed is concentrated around 1.2 km / h and in September (5 km / h) whereas the aggressiveness score of Anopheles in the region is greater than 10 infective bites per man a year. Conclusion Malaria transmission by Anopheles is influenced by climatic factors. The climate observed in the districts where IRS was extended in northern Benin has a real impact on Anopheles density and weakens current and future vector control strategies. This could lead to a series of modifications observed in anopheline populations just after IRS implementation ranging from a tendency to exophagy, from a decrease in the rate of blood-feeding to changes in the time, and change in aggressiveness. These phenomena most likely contribute to the sustainability of malaria transmission despite vector control measures. Keywords: Infectivity, aggression, Climate, Anopheles gambiae ( s.l. ), IRS, Benin.
背景:气候变率影响疟疾病媒的多样性和丰度，从而影响疟疾传播动态。研究其对参与传播的按蚊参数的影响，可以预测潜在的疟疾热点，作为其控制干预策略的正确靶点。在本研究中，我们调查了气象参数对贝宁北部两个卫生区按蚊侵袭性和传染性的影响。方法:采用人落法采集蚊虫，对12个村庄进行侵害率和传染性评价。同时，还收集了2016-2017年贝宁及其邻国气象站的气象数据。结果:我市蜱虫感染叮咬的空间分布。冈比亚的特点是在研究地区的农村发生了激烈的侵略。方差分析表明，不同时期的HBR差异显著，而不同地区的HBR差异不显著。然而，同样的传染性分析显示，不同时期和地区之间没有显著差异。8月和10月人均侵染叮咬数较高，主要有利于侵染的气候参数为风速、湿度、日照和温度。事实上，该地区的峰值风速集中在1.2 km / h左右，9月份(5 km / h)，而该地区按蚊的侵袭性评分大于每人每年10次感染叮咬。结论疟蚊传播受气候因素影响。在贝宁北部扩大室内控制措施的地区观测到的气候对按蚊密度产生了实际影响，并削弱了当前和未来的病媒控制战略。这可能导致在IRS实施后，按蚊种群中观察到的一系列变化，从嗜食倾向，从吸血速率的降低到时间的变化，以及攻击性的变化。尽管采取了病媒控制措施，但这些现象很可能助长了疟疾传播的可持续性。关键词:传染性，侵袭性，气候，冈比亚按蚊，IRS，贝宁
{"title":"Influence of Climatic Factors on Aggression and Infectivity of Anopheles in the Districts the Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) in Northern Benin, West Africa","authors":"A. Sominahouin, G. G. Padonou, Rodrigue Landéhou, A. Salako, H. Sagbohan, I. Ahogni, Sylvain Lokonon, R. Ossè, A. Fassinou, B. Assogba, Fiacre R Agossa, Fortuné Dagnon, Christophe S. Houssou, M. Akogbeto","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.14494/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.14494/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Climate variability influence the diversity and abundance of malaria vectors and thereby on malaria transmission dynamics. Examine its effect on Anopheles parameters involved in transmission may predict the potential malaria hotspot as a right target for its control intervention strategies. Here, we investigated the influence of meteorological parameters on the aggressiveness and infectivity of Anopheles in two health districts zones where IRS has been extended in Northern Benin. Methods: Mosquito collections were carried out using human landing catches to evaluate rates of aggression and infectivity in twelve villages. Concomitantly, meteorological data from synoptic stations of Benin and neighbouring countries were collected in 2016-2017. Results: The spatial distribution of infective bites of An. gambiae is characterized by an intense aggression in the rural villages of the study area. Analysis of variances showed significant HBR difference according to the period but not according to the locality. However, the same analysis carried out with the infectivity rate shows no significant difference according to the period and the locality. In addition, the number of infective bites per man per month is higher in August and October, and the climatic parameters that have mainly favoured aggression are wind speed, humidity, sunshine and temperature. Indeed, the peak of wind speed is concentrated around 1.2 km / h and in September (5 km / h) whereas the aggressiveness score of Anopheles in the region is greater than 10 infective bites per man a year. Conclusion Malaria transmission by Anopheles is influenced by climatic factors. The climate observed in the districts where IRS was extended in northern Benin has a real impact on Anopheles density and weakens current and future vector control strategies. This could lead to a series of modifications observed in anopheline populations just after IRS implementation ranging from a tendency to exophagy, from a decrease in the rate of blood-feeding to changes in the time, and change in aggressiveness. These phenomena most likely contribute to the sustainability of malaria transmission despite vector control measures. Keywords: Infectivity, aggression, Climate, Anopheles gambiae ( s.l. ), IRS, Benin.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126967557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study’s aim is to evaluate the vaccination status against viral hepatitis B and the prevalence of HBs antigen in the medical staff of the University Hospital of Marrakech. This cross-sectional survey was conducted at the level of the various hospital services with the medical staff of Med VI University Hospital of Marrakech. A systematic search for the antigen /antibody pair level (Ag HBs/Ac antiHBs) and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies (Ac antiHBc) was performed in every person who participated in this study. A total of 172 doctors participated in the screening; the participation rate was 74%. 93% of the screened physicians were unaware of their serologic status with respect to the hepatitis B virus and 36% were not vaccinated against hepatitis B. The prevalence of HBsAg was 1.7% in our context with only one identified case of cure. As for the risk factors studied. In properly vaccinated doctors, 77% were immunized (≥100 IU / l) and this immunization rate was 8% in people who received 2 doses of vaccine. Health personnel constitute a population at risk for both infection and transmission of the Hepatitis B virus. Hence, raising staff awareness and introducing compulsory HBV vaccination for all health professionals is important.
该研究的目的是评估马拉喀什大学医院医务人员的病毒性乙型肝炎疫苗接种状况和HBs抗原流行率。这项横断面调查是在马拉喀什第六医科大学医院的医务人员的各个医院服务层面进行的。系统搜索抗原/抗体对水平(Ag HBs/Ac antiHBs)和抗核衣壳抗体(Ac antiHBc)在每个参与本研究的人身上进行。共有172名医生参与了筛查;参与率为74%。93%的筛查医生不知道他们的乙型肝炎病毒血清学状况，36%未接种乙型肝炎疫苗。在我们的研究中，HBsAg的患病率为1.7%，只有一例确诊的治愈病例。对于危险因素的研究。在适当接种疫苗的医生中，77%的人免疫(≥100 IU / l)，接种2剂疫苗的人免疫接种率为8%。卫生人员构成了乙型肝炎病毒感染和传播的危险人群。因此，提高工作人员的认识并对所有卫生专业人员强制接种乙肝疫苗是很重要的。
{"title":"Hepatitis B Screening and Evaluation of Hepatitis B Vaccination Status Among Medical Staff at Med VI University Hospital of Marrakech (CHU)","authors":"Amaddah Radia, Hamraoui Amina, Bahri Raihan, Saffour Hajar, Soraa Nabila","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190404.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190404.12","url":null,"abstract":"The study’s aim is to evaluate the vaccination status against viral hepatitis B and the prevalence of HBs antigen in the medical staff of the University Hospital of Marrakech. This cross-sectional survey was conducted at the level of the various hospital services with the medical staff of Med VI University Hospital of Marrakech. A systematic search for the antigen /antibody pair level (Ag HBs/Ac antiHBs) and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies (Ac antiHBc) was performed in every person who participated in this study. A total of 172 doctors participated in the screening; the participation rate was 74%. 93% of the screened physicians were unaware of their serologic status with respect to the hepatitis B virus and 36% were not vaccinated against hepatitis B. The prevalence of HBsAg was 1.7% in our context with only one identified case of cure. As for the risk factors studied. In properly vaccinated doctors, 77% were immunized (≥100 IU / l) and this immunization rate was 8% in people who received 2 doses of vaccine. Health personnel constitute a population at risk for both infection and transmission of the Hepatitis B virus. Hence, raising staff awareness and introducing compulsory HBV vaccination for all health professionals is important.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124624951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-19DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20190404.11
Rachidi Meriem, Tali Abdelali, Zahir Hanane, E. Nawal, Chabaa Laila
Vitamin D (Vitamine D), classically recognized as an important player in bone and phosphocalcic metabolism, has shown, through recent studies, its involvement in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in case of deficiency. The aim of this work is to describe the profile of vitamin D in a type 2 diabetic population and to correlate the vitamin D status with the different metabolic parameters in this population admitted in the University Hospital of Marrakech. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study of a population of type 2 diabetic patients, coming for a follow-up assessment of diabetes and having performed an evaluation of the level of 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 in blood. Demographic, clinical, evolutionary and biological data were collected. The mean of 25 (OH) vitamin D3 was 12.55 ± 8.14 ng / ml for the group, and was 13.15 ± 8.93 ng / ml for women and 11.82 ± 7.31 ng / ml for men. These patients were classified into three groups: Group 1: 25 (OH) D 30 ng / ml present in 4 patients in this population (4, 8%). Several studies have reported an association between vitamin D status and the development of type 2 diabetes. Experimental studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency decreases insulin sensitivity, carbohydrate tolerance and β-pancreatic function. The data of this work underline the high frequency of vitamin D deficiency in the Moroccan population suffering from type 2 diabetes.
维生素D (Vitamin D)在骨骼和磷钙代谢中发挥着重要作用，近年来的研究表明，维生素D缺乏与胰岛素抵抗的发病机制有关。这项工作的目的是描述维生素D在2型糖尿病人群的概况，并将维生素D状态与在马拉喀什大学医院入院的这一人群的不同代谢参数相关联。这是一项对2型糖尿病患者的描述性横断面研究，对糖尿病患者进行随访评估，并对血液中25羟基维生素D3的水平进行评估。收集了人口统计学、临床、进化和生物学数据。25 (OH)维生素D3的平均值为12.55±8.14 ng / ml，女性为13.15±8.93 ng / ml，男性为11.82±7.31 ng / ml。这些患者被分为三组:第1组:25 (OH) D 30 ng / ml，该人群中有4例患者(4.8%)。一些研究报告了维生素D水平与2型糖尿病的发展之间的联系。实验研究表明，维生素D缺乏会降低胰岛素敏感性、碳水化合物耐受性和β-胰腺功能。这项工作的数据强调了摩洛哥2型糖尿病患者维生素D缺乏症的高频率。
{"title":"Type 2 Diabetes and Vitamin D Status","authors":"Rachidi Meriem, Tali Abdelali, Zahir Hanane, E. Nawal, Chabaa Laila","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190404.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190404.11","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D (Vitamine D), classically recognized as an important player in bone and phosphocalcic metabolism, has shown, through recent studies, its involvement in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in case of deficiency. The aim of this work is to describe the profile of vitamin D in a type 2 diabetic population and to correlate the vitamin D status with the different metabolic parameters in this population admitted in the University Hospital of Marrakech. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study of a population of type 2 diabetic patients, coming for a follow-up assessment of diabetes and having performed an evaluation of the level of 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 in blood. Demographic, clinical, evolutionary and biological data were collected. The mean of 25 (OH) vitamin D3 was 12.55 ± 8.14 ng / ml for the group, and was 13.15 ± 8.93 ng / ml for women and 11.82 ± 7.31 ng / ml for men. These patients were classified into three groups: Group 1: 25 (OH) D 30 ng / ml present in 4 patients in this population (4, 8%). Several studies have reported an association between vitamin D status and the development of type 2 diabetes. Experimental studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency decreases insulin sensitivity, carbohydrate tolerance and β-pancreatic function. The data of this work underline the high frequency of vitamin D deficiency in the Moroccan population suffering from type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132849291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-02DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20190403.12
Sabrina Shafiq, Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan, Bipasha Majumder, Mohammad Shahinul Alam, M. Islam, T. Sultana
Cirrhosis of liver is characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue by scar tissue. The Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score is used to assess the prognosis of cirrhosis and included five factors: total bilirubin level, serum albumin, prothrombin time, ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. CTP score depends on clinical assessment which may result variation in scoring. Recently a new score is introduced, Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) score which may be done instead of CTP scoring in cirrhotic patient. This cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Hepatology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from March 2018 to February 2019. Blood samples were assayed from eighty one diagnosed cirrhotic patients. For all statistical analysis SPSS version 22 was used. The mean age of the study group was 46.1±16.0 years. 64.2% were male and 35.8% were female. Kappa (k) value was 0.759 between ALBI and CTP score. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) test showed significant strong positive correlation between CTP score and ALBI score (r=+0.853, p<0.001). This study concluded that the ALBI score may be done alternative to the CTP score in cirrhotic patient because it’s simple, two parameters only, more evidence based and more objective.
肝硬化的特点是正常肝组织被瘢痕组织取代。child - turcote - pugh (CTP)评分用于评估肝硬化的预后，包括总胆红素水平、血清白蛋白、凝血酶原时间、腹水和肝性脑病5个因素。CTP评分取决于临床评估，这可能导致评分的变化。近年来引入了一种新的评分方法，即白蛋白-胆红素(ALBI)评分，可以代替肝硬化患者的CTP评分。该横断面研究于2018年3月至2019年2月在检验医学系与达卡BSMMU肝脏内科合作进行。对81例肝硬化患者的血液样本进行了分析。所有统计分析均使用SPSS version 22。研究组平均年龄46.1±16.0岁。男性占64.2%，女性占35.8%。ALBI与CTP评分的Kappa (k)值为0.759。Pearson相关系数(r)检验显示CTP评分与ALBI评分呈正相关(r=+0.853, p<0.001)。本研究认为，肝硬化患者使用ALBI评分可以替代CTP评分，因为它简单，只有两个参数，更有证据基础，更客观。
{"title":"\"Correlation of Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) Score with Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) Score in the Evaluation of Liver Cirrhosis \"","authors":"Sabrina Shafiq, Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan, Bipasha Majumder, Mohammad Shahinul Alam, M. Islam, T. Sultana","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190403.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190403.12","url":null,"abstract":"Cirrhosis of liver is characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue by scar tissue. The Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score is used to assess the prognosis of cirrhosis and included five factors: total bilirubin level, serum albumin, prothrombin time, ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. CTP score depends on clinical assessment which may result variation in scoring. Recently a new score is introduced, Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) score which may be done instead of CTP scoring in cirrhotic patient. This cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Hepatology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from March 2018 to February 2019. Blood samples were assayed from eighty one diagnosed cirrhotic patients. For all statistical analysis SPSS version 22 was used. The mean age of the study group was 46.1±16.0 years. 64.2% were male and 35.8% were female. Kappa (k) value was 0.759 between ALBI and CTP score. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) test showed significant strong positive correlation between CTP score and ALBI score (r=+0.853, p<0.001). This study concluded that the ALBI score may be done alternative to the CTP score in cirrhotic patient because it’s simple, two parameters only, more evidence based and more objective.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"328 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117180563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-24DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20190403.11
M. Abdeldayem, Kadry Abdelkader El-bakry, A. El-Bialy
Egypt maintains the highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection, affecting an estimated 15%–20% of the population, new cases reported, so we search about uncommon source of hepatitis C virus infection. Occult hepatitis C Virus infection can be detected and founded in the overall public obviously haven’t any diseases, Detection of viral replication in PBMCs may increase spread and transmission of hepatitis C virus during blood transfusion, hemodialysis, and made liver disease development in occult Hepatitis C Virus infected individual. The present study aimed to detect the occult hepatitis C virus infection in healthy blood donors from Damietta-Egypt, And detection of Hepatitis C Virus core antigen. One hundred and fifty blood donors from El-Azhar University Hospital blood bank in New Damietta City were used into the present study. Detection of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in Peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMCs) and plasma by reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and also detection of hepatitis C virus core antigen from plasma by ELISA. We founded that: Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by nested PCR from PBMC among studied donors are eleven (7.9%) on the other hand Hepatitis C Virus RNA in plasma are two (1.4%) so occult C virus are 9/140 (6.4%). By comparison between results of Hepatitis C Virus core Ag and PCR evidence sensitivity 27%, specificity 98.4% in PBMC and sensitivity 100%, specificity 97.8% in Plasma.
{"title":"Occult Hepatitis C Virus in Blood Donors in Damietta - Egypt","authors":"M. Abdeldayem, Kadry Abdelkader El-bakry, A. El-Bialy","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190403.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190403.11","url":null,"abstract":"Egypt maintains the highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection, affecting an estimated 15%–20% of the population, new cases reported, so we search about uncommon source of hepatitis C virus infection. Occult hepatitis C Virus infection can be detected and founded in the overall public obviously haven’t any diseases, Detection of viral replication in PBMCs may increase spread and transmission of hepatitis C virus during blood transfusion, hemodialysis, and made liver disease development in occult Hepatitis C Virus infected individual. The present study aimed to detect the occult hepatitis C virus infection in healthy blood donors from Damietta-Egypt, And detection of Hepatitis C Virus core antigen. One hundred and fifty blood donors from El-Azhar University Hospital blood bank in New Damietta City were used into the present study. Detection of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in Peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMCs) and plasma by reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and also detection of hepatitis C virus core antigen from plasma by ELISA. We founded that: Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by nested PCR from PBMC among studied donors are eleven (7.9%) on the other hand Hepatitis C Virus RNA in plasma are two (1.4%) so occult C virus are 9/140 (6.4%). By comparison between results of Hepatitis C Virus core Ag and PCR evidence sensitivity 27%, specificity 98.4% in PBMC and sensitivity 100%, specificity 97.8% in Plasma.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133953301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phenomenon of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a major public health problem. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is rapidly increasing with heavy consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality and health care costs. Tigecycline is a new active glycylcycline on this type of germ and could be a therapeutic alternative for the management of these infections. The aim of this work is to evaluate the in vitro activity of Tigecycline against multidrug-resistant organisms isolated at Mohammed VI hospital in Marrakech. It is a descriptive prospective study of a series of 171 multidrug-resistant bacteria including 102 clinical isolates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) and 85 clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The in vitro activity of Tigecycline was measured by the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by diffusion method on agar medium using the strips "E-test" according to the recommendations of the CASFM. 71% of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were sensitive to Tigecycline of with MIC ≤1mg / l, while 17.6% of tested strains had intermediate sensitivity to Tigecycline with a MIC between 1 and 2 mg / l, 11,4% were resistant with a MIC> 2 mg / l. ESBL enterobacterial strains were mostly (77,5%) with a MIC ≤ 1 mg / l. Intermediate sensitivity was found in 15.6% of the isolates with a MIC between 1 and 2 mg / l, however, resistance to Tigecycline was found in 6.8% of enterobacterial isolates with a MIC> 2 mg /l. Tigecycline is an interesting therapeutic option and may have an important role in the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections. Detection of the sensitivity status of Tigecycline is necessary to optimize its use and preserve this molecule in our therapeutic arsenal.
{"title":"Evaluation of Tigecycline Susceptibility in Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria at the University Hospital of Marrakech (Morocco)","authors":"Zemrani Yassin, Ahroui Yassine, Ait Zirri Khadija, Eddyb Saadia, Soraa Nabila","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190402.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190402.14","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a major public health problem. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is rapidly increasing with heavy consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality and health care costs. Tigecycline is a new active glycylcycline on this type of germ and could be a therapeutic alternative for the management of these infections. The aim of this work is to evaluate the in vitro activity of Tigecycline against multidrug-resistant organisms isolated at Mohammed VI hospital in Marrakech. It is a descriptive prospective study of a series of 171 multidrug-resistant bacteria including 102 clinical isolates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) and 85 clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The in vitro activity of Tigecycline was measured by the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by diffusion method on agar medium using the strips \"E-test\" according to the recommendations of the CASFM. 71% of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were sensitive to Tigecycline of with MIC ≤1mg / l, while 17.6% of tested strains had intermediate sensitivity to Tigecycline with a MIC between 1 and 2 mg / l, 11,4% were resistant with a MIC> 2 mg / l. ESBL enterobacterial strains were mostly (77,5%) with a MIC ≤ 1 mg / l. Intermediate sensitivity was found in 15.6% of the isolates with a MIC between 1 and 2 mg / l, however, resistance to Tigecycline was found in 6.8% of enterobacterial isolates with a MIC> 2 mg /l. Tigecycline is an interesting therapeutic option and may have an important role in the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections. Detection of the sensitivity status of Tigecycline is necessary to optimize its use and preserve this molecule in our therapeutic arsenal.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127165426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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