Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20210603.12
P. Akpa, B. Kwaghe, E. Innocent, B. Otene, Dominic Akolo Azagaku, I. Okwudire-Ejeh
Introduction/Aim: There is scanty detailed published literature on meningiomas in Nigeria and other parts of Africa. This study is aimed at exploring the demographics, histopathology and presenting symptoms/signs of meningioma in our tertiary health facility and comparing it with other published literature. Methodology: This is a hospital based retrospective study of all histopathologically diagnosed meningioma cases at the department of histopathology of the Jos University Teaching Hospital in plateau state North-Central Nigeria. The period of review is between the 1st of January 2012 to the 31st of December 2020. Materials utilized for this research consisted of Archival histopathology glass slides, paraffin wax tissue blocks, electronic surgical pathology result data base, electronic cancer registry entries and hard copies of patient case files. The age, sex, intracranial location, histomorphological variant, grade and presenting symptom/sign was documented for all cases and analyzed. Results: Thirty-four (34) cases of meningioma out of 87 primary intracranial neoplasms were histopathologically diagnosed over the 9 years of review. There was a female predominance, with a M:F of 1:1.61. The peak age of diagnoses occurred in the 5th and 6th decades for females and males respectively. The commonest histomorphological variant was the Meningothelial type with the commonest intracranial site of diagnosis being the convexities. The most frequently occurring presenting symptom/sign were headache, seizures and visual impairment. Conclusion: Meningioma is the commonest intracranial tumour diagnosed at the Jos University teaching Hospital, In North central Nigeria. This tumour occurs at a relatively younger age in our environment. The sex distribution, variants, grades and symptoms/signs of this tumour in our study conforms to what is obtainable in other parts of the world.
{"title":"A Retrospective Analysis of Intracranial Meningiomas in a Tertiary Health Care Facility in North Central Nigeria","authors":"P. Akpa, B. Kwaghe, E. Innocent, B. Otene, Dominic Akolo Azagaku, I. Okwudire-Ejeh","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20210603.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20210603.12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction/Aim: There is scanty detailed published literature on meningiomas in Nigeria and other parts of Africa. This study is aimed at exploring the demographics, histopathology and presenting symptoms/signs of meningioma in our tertiary health facility and comparing it with other published literature. Methodology: This is a hospital based retrospective study of all histopathologically diagnosed meningioma cases at the department of histopathology of the Jos University Teaching Hospital in plateau state North-Central Nigeria. The period of review is between the 1st of January 2012 to the 31st of December 2020. Materials utilized for this research consisted of Archival histopathology glass slides, paraffin wax tissue blocks, electronic surgical pathology result data base, electronic cancer registry entries and hard copies of patient case files. The age, sex, intracranial location, histomorphological variant, grade and presenting symptom/sign was documented for all cases and analyzed. Results: Thirty-four (34) cases of meningioma out of 87 primary intracranial neoplasms were histopathologically diagnosed over the 9 years of review. There was a female predominance, with a M:F of 1:1.61. The peak age of diagnoses occurred in the 5th and 6th decades for females and males respectively. The commonest histomorphological variant was the Meningothelial type with the commonest intracranial site of diagnosis being the convexities. The most frequently occurring presenting symptom/sign were headache, seizures and visual impairment. Conclusion: Meningioma is the commonest intracranial tumour diagnosed at the Jos University teaching Hospital, In North central Nigeria. This tumour occurs at a relatively younger age in our environment. The sex distribution, variants, grades and symptoms/signs of this tumour in our study conforms to what is obtainable in other parts of the world.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129643958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-14DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20210602.13
S. Kocturk, Derin Nabaz Fisal Fisal, H. Alma
The aim at the current study was to determine that essential oils of mastic gum Pistacia khinjuk has some antibacterial activity. The essential oil was obtained with two methods (conventional and microwave method) for obtanining aqeous extract of gum essential oils with some biological activities from Pistacia khinjuk gum of Iraqian. The analysis of highest essential oil yield of the gum for microwave method was in 200W for 90 min and the lowest yield in 500W for 60 min while in conventional method the highest yield was in 90 min and lowest was in 30 min. obtained from the study made in another laboratory in same university. Moreover, the analysis of physicochemical and phytochemical components of Pistacia khinjuk gum essentials oil by GC-MS in my colleaques’ research in Natural and Applied Sciences field. The main compounds were (+)-α-Pinene, (±)-β-Pinene, D- Limonene and Camphene. The antibacterial activity of essential oil provided by two methods were compared against different species of bacteria. The results of the antimicrobial activity tests (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and agar-disk diffusion) indicate that essential oils of mastic gum Pistacia khinjuk provided by both methods have higher activity against the tested strains compared to Gentamicin and Ampicilin, confirming its traditional uses. Moreover, mastic gum oil was found to inhibit both gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 23456 and gram-negative bacteria; Salmonella enterica NTCT 13, E coli O157:H7 ATCC 35130, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603 with the exception of Chronobactersakazakii ATCC 29544.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from Pistacia Khinjuk Stoks Gum of Iraqian Using Broth Microdilution","authors":"S. Kocturk, Derin Nabaz Fisal Fisal, H. Alma","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20210602.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20210602.13","url":null,"abstract":"The aim at the current study was to determine that essential oils of mastic gum Pistacia khinjuk has some antibacterial activity. The essential oil was obtained with two methods (conventional and microwave method) for obtanining aqeous extract of gum essential oils with some biological activities from Pistacia khinjuk gum of Iraqian. The analysis of highest essential oil yield of the gum for microwave method was in 200W for 90 min and the lowest yield in 500W for 60 min while in conventional method the highest yield was in 90 min and lowest was in 30 min. obtained from the study made in another laboratory in same university. Moreover, the analysis of physicochemical and phytochemical components of Pistacia khinjuk gum essentials oil by GC-MS in my colleaques’ research in Natural and Applied Sciences field. The main compounds were (+)-α-Pinene, (±)-β-Pinene, D- Limonene and Camphene. The antibacterial activity of essential oil provided by two methods were compared against different species of bacteria. The results of the antimicrobial activity tests (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and agar-disk diffusion) indicate that essential oils of mastic gum Pistacia khinjuk provided by both methods have higher activity against the tested strains compared to Gentamicin and Ampicilin, confirming its traditional uses. Moreover, mastic gum oil was found to inhibit both gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 23456 and gram-negative bacteria; Salmonella enterica NTCT 13, E coli O157:H7 ATCC 35130, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603 with the exception of Chronobactersakazakii ATCC 29544.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125936298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-14DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20210603.11
A. Thabet, Danah Al-Shatti, Mohamed Elrahwan
Point of care testing (POCT) coagulometers are widely used for international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring for patients on vitamin K antagonists (VKA) therapy. In our study, we investigated the accuracy and reliability of CoaguChek pro II (Roche Diagnostics) as an alternative for standard laboratory testing (SLT) by ACL TOP 500 top system in outpatient department setting. Methods: We enrolled a total of 174 INR results in our study which were measured by CoaguChek ProII and ACL TOP 500 top. The three arms of the study were: INR <3.5, 3.5-4.4, and ≥4.5. The results were compared using Passing Bablok regression analysis and Bland-Altman plot. The agreement between the two methods was further evaluated to demonstrate the impact on dosing decision. Furthermore, the degree of patient satisfaction with POCT in our INR clinic was assessed by participating in a survey. Results: The overall correlation of INR measurements between POCT and SLT in our study was strong (r = 0.95), however, the correlation between the two methods in the 3.5-4.4 arm was moderate (r = 0.502). The overall agreement between the two methods in all three arms of the study in terms of dosing decision was good (Kappa = 0.862), with only 12.6% of INR measurements showing a difference in dosing decision. Ninety-Seven percent of all INR values measured by CoaguChek Pro II within therapeutic range (INR<3.5) were within 0.5 INR units when compared to ACL TOP 500 Top. Furthermore, we concluded that more than 90% of the patients in our center were satisfied with the POC service. Conclusion: We concluded that POCT is a good alternative to SLT in INR values falling in therapeutic and supra-therapeutic ranges; however, additional comparative studies investigating the accuracy and reliability between the two methods for INR results between 3.5-4.4 will add to the current body of knowledge. Furthermore, the majority of patients were satisfied with the service provided in the POC INR clinic.
护理点检测(POCT)凝血仪被广泛用于维生素K拮抗剂(VKA)治疗患者的国际标准化比率(INR)监测。在我们的研究中，我们调查了CoaguChek pro II(罗氏诊断)作为门诊设置ACL TOP 500顶级系统标准实验室检测(SLT)的替代方案的准确性和可靠性。方法:本研究共纳入174例INR结果，采用CoaguChek ProII和ACL TOP 500 TOP进行测量。研究的三个组分别为:INR <3.5、3.5-4.4和≥4.5。采用Passing Bablok回归分析和Bland-Altman图对结果进行比较。进一步评估了两种方法之间的一致性，以证明对剂量决策的影响。此外，通过参与调查来评估我们INR诊所的患者对POCT的满意度。结果:在我们的研究中，POCT与SLT的INR测量的总体相关性很强(r = 0.95)，但在3.5-4.4组中，两种方法之间的相关性为中等(r = 0.502)。两种方法在研究的所有三个组中在给药决策方面的总体一致性很好(Kappa = 0.862)，只有12.6%的INR测量显示在给药决策方面存在差异。与ACL TOP 500 TOP相比，CoaguChek Pro II在治疗范围内(INR<3.5)测量的所有INR值中有97%在0.5 INR单位内。此外，我们得出的结论是，超过90%的患者在我中心的POC服务满意。结论:在治疗和超治疗范围内，POCT是SLT较好的替代方案;然而，调查两种方法在3.5-4.4之间INR结果的准确性和可靠性的额外比较研究将增加现有的知识体系。此外，大多数患者对POC INR诊所提供的服务感到满意。
{"title":"Reliability of CoaguChek Pro II Point of Care System in Outpatient Setting in Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait","authors":"A. Thabet, Danah Al-Shatti, Mohamed Elrahwan","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20210603.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20210603.11","url":null,"abstract":"Point of care testing (POCT) coagulometers are widely used for international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring for patients on vitamin K antagonists (VKA) therapy. In our study, we investigated the accuracy and reliability of CoaguChek pro II (Roche Diagnostics) as an alternative for standard laboratory testing (SLT) by ACL TOP 500 top system in outpatient department setting. Methods: We enrolled a total of 174 INR results in our study which were measured by CoaguChek ProII and ACL TOP 500 top. The three arms of the study were: INR <3.5, 3.5-4.4, and ≥4.5. The results were compared using Passing Bablok regression analysis and Bland-Altman plot. The agreement between the two methods was further evaluated to demonstrate the impact on dosing decision. Furthermore, the degree of patient satisfaction with POCT in our INR clinic was assessed by participating in a survey. Results: The overall correlation of INR measurements between POCT and SLT in our study was strong (r = 0.95), however, the correlation between the two methods in the 3.5-4.4 arm was moderate (r = 0.502). The overall agreement between the two methods in all three arms of the study in terms of dosing decision was good (Kappa = 0.862), with only 12.6% of INR measurements showing a difference in dosing decision. Ninety-Seven percent of all INR values measured by CoaguChek Pro II within therapeutic range (INR<3.5) were within 0.5 INR units when compared to ACL TOP 500 Top. Furthermore, we concluded that more than 90% of the patients in our center were satisfied with the POC service. Conclusion: We concluded that POCT is a good alternative to SLT in INR values falling in therapeutic and supra-therapeutic ranges; however, additional comparative studies investigating the accuracy and reliability between the two methods for INR results between 3.5-4.4 will add to the current body of knowledge. Furthermore, the majority of patients were satisfied with the service provided in the POC INR clinic.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122882210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-16DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20210602.12
C. M. C. Sánchez, Jose Carlos Garcia Roque, L. Rodríguez, L. A. G. Leon, J. Velázquez, Isbety Acosta Escanaverino, Daniel Rodríguez Hurtado
COVID-19 is one of the most relevant pathologies in recent months, becoming one of the most deadly pandemics that the world has faced; Since the detection of the first cases in Wuhan (China) until today, the evolution of those infected has been a bit unpredictable, although without a doubt comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Arterial Hypertension (HTN) have been an essential link in fatality of clinical evolutions and the main cause of transfer to intensive care units. A bibliographic analysis was carried out, using the Scielo, Scopus, EBSCO and Google Academic databases, where information was obtained from twenty-two bibliographic references in order to determine the influence of arterial hypertension and diabetes as risk factors in the evolution of patients with covid 19. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who have hypertension and diabetes as a personal medical history are more likely to develop complications during the course of the disease and even die. The control and isolation of these patients is of special importance, taking into account the risk posed by presenting these pathologies. The research work carried out in Cuba maintains the control and knowledge of the health personnel of the state of vulnerable patients.
{"title":"Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus as Risk Factors in the Evolution of Patients with COVID-19","authors":"C. M. C. Sánchez, Jose Carlos Garcia Roque, L. Rodríguez, L. A. G. Leon, J. Velázquez, Isbety Acosta Escanaverino, Daniel Rodríguez Hurtado","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20210602.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20210602.12","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is one of the most relevant pathologies in recent months, becoming one of the most deadly pandemics that the world has faced; Since the detection of the first cases in Wuhan (China) until today, the evolution of those infected has been a bit unpredictable, although without a doubt comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Arterial Hypertension (HTN) have been an essential link in fatality of clinical evolutions and the main cause of transfer to intensive care units. A bibliographic analysis was carried out, using the Scielo, Scopus, EBSCO and Google Academic databases, where information was obtained from twenty-two bibliographic references in order to determine the influence of arterial hypertension and diabetes as risk factors in the evolution of patients with covid 19. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who have hypertension and diabetes as a personal medical history are more likely to develop complications during the course of the disease and even die. The control and isolation of these patients is of special importance, taking into account the risk posed by presenting these pathologies. The research work carried out in Cuba maintains the control and knowledge of the health personnel of the state of vulnerable patients.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130274040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-12DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20210601.12
Mohamad Alhamss, A. Tabash, A. M. Elregeb, A. Mustafa, Asmaa Hejazi, Riyad Shaban, Ramy Sarafandi, Yaser Elarja, Nedal Hasanain, Shawgy Elhessy, F. Allyan
There are limited data on the assessment biochemical and hematological profile in the CRF (CRF) of before and after hemodialysis in the Gaza Strip. The study aimed to evaluating some biochemical parameters and hematological profile in the CRF of before and after hemodialysis at Martyr Mohammed El-Najjar Hospital in Rafah, Gaza Strip, Palestine. Forty-three (end-stage renal disease) ESRD patients, aged 20-70 years old who were referred to Martyr Mohammed Youssef Al-Najjar Hospital in Rafah for the hemodialysis department. 43 apparently healthy individuals matched for ages were used as a control group for comparisons. The results showed that after-dialysis higher statistically significant in Hb, RBC, HCT, PLT, AST, ALT, ALP and Ca level than before-dialysis. While Ph, WBC, RDW, creatinine (Cr.), Urea was lower statistically significant in after hemodialysis than before-dialysis (P < 0.05). theses indicate to: chronic kidney disease shows abnormal hematological parameters, precisely reduced levels of RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count, in addition, before-dialysis patients are more anemic and thrombocytopenic than after-dialysis patients and this is may indicate of lack of blood pressure and type2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) control in these patients. AST& ALT activities vary in concentration before and after hemodialysis and make the after-dialysis patients are higher than before-dialysis.
{"title":"Assessment of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in the CRF of Before and After Hemodialysis at Martyr Mohammed El-Najjar Hospital in Gaza Strip, Palestine","authors":"Mohamad Alhamss, A. Tabash, A. M. Elregeb, A. Mustafa, Asmaa Hejazi, Riyad Shaban, Ramy Sarafandi, Yaser Elarja, Nedal Hasanain, Shawgy Elhessy, F. Allyan","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20210601.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20210601.12","url":null,"abstract":"There are limited data on the assessment biochemical and hematological profile in the CRF (CRF) of before and after hemodialysis in the Gaza Strip. The study aimed to evaluating some biochemical parameters and hematological profile in the CRF of before and after hemodialysis at Martyr Mohammed El-Najjar Hospital in Rafah, Gaza Strip, Palestine. Forty-three (end-stage renal disease) ESRD patients, aged 20-70 years old who were referred to Martyr Mohammed Youssef Al-Najjar Hospital in Rafah for the hemodialysis department. 43 apparently healthy individuals matched for ages were used as a control group for comparisons. The results showed that after-dialysis higher statistically significant in Hb, RBC, HCT, PLT, AST, ALT, ALP and Ca level than before-dialysis. While Ph, WBC, RDW, creatinine (Cr.), Urea was lower statistically significant in after hemodialysis than before-dialysis (P < 0.05). theses indicate to: chronic kidney disease shows abnormal hematological parameters, precisely reduced levels of RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count, in addition, before-dialysis patients are more anemic and thrombocytopenic than after-dialysis patients and this is may indicate of lack of blood pressure and type2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) control in these patients. AST& ALT activities vary in concentration before and after hemodialysis and make the after-dialysis patients are higher than before-dialysis.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121541911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Delay in diagnosis and initiation of effective treatment associated with increase in morbidity, mortality and on-going person-to-person transmission in the community at large. In Ethiopia, several studies have been conducted regarding health system delay among tuberculosis patients. However, studies assessing the health system delay in treatment of tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia had inconsistent and inconclusive findings. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled median time of the health system delay in the treatment of tuberculosis and its determinants in Ethiopia. Methods: We systematically searched from different databases: Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Springer link databases for studies published from June 6, 1997 up to December 20, 2020. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale adapted for observational studies. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I squared statistic. We conducted a meta-analysis for the pooled median time of health system delay and its determinants using random-effects model in R version 4.0.3 software(for median estimation) and Stata version 14 (for metan). The pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were presented using forest plots. Results: A total of 14 studies which comprising 6161 patients satisfying a priori set criteria were included. Our meta-analysis showed that, the estimated pooled median time of the health system delay was 15.29(95%CI: 9.94–20.64) days. In the subgroup analysis, studies conducted from 1997 to 2015 the pooled median health system delay was 21.63(95% CI: 14.38-28.88) days, whereas studies conducted after 2015 the pooled median time of 9.33(95% CI: 3.95-14.70) days. Living in rural area (pooled OR: 2.42, 95%CI: 1.16-5.02) was significantly associated with health system delay. Conclusions: In Ethiopia, patients are delayed more-than two weeks in the treatment of tuberculosis. Being from rural residence was more likely to lead prolonged health system delay. Implementing efforts by targeting rural residence may help to shorten the health system delay and important implications for the success of tuberculosis control.
{"title":"Health system delay in the treatment of tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Kenaw Tegegne, Fasil Wagnew, Yihalem Abebe Belay, Dawit Eyayu, D. Bekele","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20210604.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20210604.11","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Delay in diagnosis and initiation of effective treatment associated with increase in morbidity, mortality and on-going person-to-person transmission in the community at large. In Ethiopia, several studies have been conducted regarding health system delay among tuberculosis patients. However, studies assessing the health system delay in treatment of tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia had inconsistent and inconclusive findings. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled median time of the health system delay in the treatment of tuberculosis and its determinants in Ethiopia. Methods: We systematically searched from different databases: Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Springer link databases for studies published from June 6, 1997 up to December 20, 2020. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale adapted for observational studies. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I squared statistic. We conducted a meta-analysis for the pooled median time of health system delay and its determinants using random-effects model in R version 4.0.3 software(for median estimation) and Stata version 14 (for metan). The pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were presented using forest plots. Results: A total of 14 studies which comprising 6161 patients satisfying a priori set criteria were included. Our meta-analysis showed that, the estimated pooled median time of the health system delay was 15.29(95%CI: 9.94–20.64) days. In the subgroup analysis, studies conducted from 1997 to 2015 the pooled median health system delay was 21.63(95% CI: 14.38-28.88) days, whereas studies conducted after 2015 the pooled median time of 9.33(95% CI: 3.95-14.70) days. Living in rural area (pooled OR: 2.42, 95%CI: 1.16-5.02) was significantly associated with health system delay. Conclusions: In Ethiopia, patients are delayed more-than two weeks in the treatment of tuberculosis. Being from rural residence was more likely to lead prolonged health system delay. Implementing efforts by targeting rural residence may help to shorten the health system delay and important implications for the success of tuberculosis control.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132451262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-22DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20210601.11
Yashodha Weerasinghe, C. Gunasekara, M. Weerasekera, S. Jayakody, B. Seneviratne, D. Weerasekara, Chaturika Jayasinghe, N. Perera, T. Gamage, N. Fernando
Background/Aim: A considerable high number of dyspeptic patients were reported even with the decreasing prevalence of H. pylori in Sri Lanka. Several microbial, host, and environmental factors may associate with the disease outcome. Pyrin secreted by the white blood cells may modulate the inflammatory process by assembling inflammasome complexes in response to pathogen infection. This study focused on the role of pyrin gene polymorphism in gastric mucosal severity and H. pylori infection. Materials and Methods: Among the ninety dyspeptic patients three gastric biopsies were taken and the presence of H. pylori, yeast species and the gastric mucosal severity was determined. EDTA blood was used for DNA extraction and identification of pyrin gene polymorphism. 12 MEFV gene mutations were tested. Results: Most of the patients (61%) had mild chronic gastritis. Among them 11.1% specimens gave positive bands for NL1/LS2 PCR of yeast DNA. H. pylori was positive in 17 patients. No homozygous mutations were found in the MEFV gene. The most common three heterozygous mutations were E148Q (45%), P369S (5%), M680I (11.6%). No significant difference was observed between the presence of the gene polymorphism, gastric mucosal severity or the presence of H. pylori and yeast species in the study group. Conclusion: The absence of homozygous mutations in the MEFV gene suggests that it is not a main factor contributing to gastric mucosal severity. The presence of H. pylori and yeasts reinforce the concept that stomach is a non-sterile environment.
{"title":"Pyrin Gene Polymorphisms and H. pylori-associated Dyspepsia: A Sri Lankan Study","authors":"Yashodha Weerasinghe, C. Gunasekara, M. Weerasekera, S. Jayakody, B. Seneviratne, D. Weerasekara, Chaturika Jayasinghe, N. Perera, T. Gamage, N. Fernando","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20210601.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20210601.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: A considerable high number of dyspeptic patients were reported even with the decreasing prevalence of H. pylori in Sri Lanka. Several microbial, host, and environmental factors may associate with the disease outcome. Pyrin secreted by the white blood cells may modulate the inflammatory process by assembling inflammasome complexes in response to pathogen infection. This study focused on the role of pyrin gene polymorphism in gastric mucosal severity and H. pylori infection. Materials and Methods: Among the ninety dyspeptic patients three gastric biopsies were taken and the presence of H. pylori, yeast species and the gastric mucosal severity was determined. EDTA blood was used for DNA extraction and identification of pyrin gene polymorphism. 12 MEFV gene mutations were tested. Results: Most of the patients (61%) had mild chronic gastritis. Among them 11.1% specimens gave positive bands for NL1/LS2 PCR of yeast DNA. H. pylori was positive in 17 patients. No homozygous mutations were found in the MEFV gene. The most common three heterozygous mutations were E148Q (45%), P369S (5%), M680I (11.6%). No significant difference was observed between the presence of the gene polymorphism, gastric mucosal severity or the presence of H. pylori and yeast species in the study group. Conclusion: The absence of homozygous mutations in the MEFV gene suggests that it is not a main factor contributing to gastric mucosal severity. The presence of H. pylori and yeasts reinforce the concept that stomach is a non-sterile environment.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114267400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20200506.14
M. Hossain, M. N. Huda, Mohammad Ekramul Islam, A. Mosaddik, S. Islam, Q. Rahman, F. Begum, S. M. Rahman, T. Paul
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common clinical condition in the first week of neonatal life. The common causes are haemolytic disease of the newborn (rhesus), ABO incompatibility, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, spherocytosis and infection. Any study was not conducted in Bangladesh to find out the correlation between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and zinc level. So, the objective of this was to evaluate the correlation between the level of serum zinc and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. This cross sectional study was done at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total 594 numbers of sample were collected from neonatology department of BSMMU from January 2016 to April 2019 and samples were divided in two groups. Case group and control group consists 319 and 275 numbers of sample respectively. All the laboratory parameters were done at clinical pathology department of BSMMU by automated analyzer machine and strictly followed quality control. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Results were considered statistically significant if p<0.05. The result showed that the level of serum bilirubin was 171.14 mg/L and 35.42 mg/L and the level of serum zinc was (0.50 mg/L) and (0.68mg/L) in case and control group respectively. The bilirubin level was significantly (p<0.001) high in case group and zinc level was significantly (p<0.001) decreased in case group when compared with control group. Is also showed there was a significant (p value<0.001) correlation between hyperbilirubinemia and serum zinc level in this study. Therefore, it can be concluded, the deficiency of zinc may have a relationship followed by in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
{"title":"Association Between Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and Serum Zinc Levels in Dhaka City of Bangladesh","authors":"M. Hossain, M. N. Huda, Mohammad Ekramul Islam, A. Mosaddik, S. Islam, Q. Rahman, F. Begum, S. M. Rahman, T. Paul","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20200506.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20200506.14","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common clinical condition in the first week of neonatal life. The common causes are haemolytic disease of the newborn (rhesus), ABO incompatibility, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, spherocytosis and infection. Any study was not conducted in Bangladesh to find out the correlation between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and zinc level. So, the objective of this was to evaluate the correlation between the level of serum zinc and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. This cross sectional study was done at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total 594 numbers of sample were collected from neonatology department of BSMMU from January 2016 to April 2019 and samples were divided in two groups. Case group and control group consists 319 and 275 numbers of sample respectively. All the laboratory parameters were done at clinical pathology department of BSMMU by automated analyzer machine and strictly followed quality control. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Results were considered statistically significant if p<0.05. The result showed that the level of serum bilirubin was 171.14 mg/L and 35.42 mg/L and the level of serum zinc was (0.50 mg/L) and (0.68mg/L) in case and control group respectively. The bilirubin level was significantly (p<0.001) high in case group and zinc level was significantly (p<0.001) decreased in case group when compared with control group. Is also showed there was a significant (p value<0.001) correlation between hyperbilirubinemia and serum zinc level in this study. Therefore, it can be concluded, the deficiency of zinc may have a relationship followed by in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"94 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115832936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-04DOI: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20200506.13
Hiroshani Hansamali Kulatunga, Ajith Aloka Pathirana, N. Fernando, B. Gamage, A. Epa, Asanga Sampath, C. Sosai, B. Seneviratne
Over the past thirty years thyroid tumor incidence has triplicated and it is currently 7% of a given population. However, interestingly the thyroid cancer incidence is quite low and is approximately 5-10% of the thyroid tumor patients. Expeditious diagnosis of the thyroid nodules at the pre surgery stage is important to determine the tumor prognosis. A Widely used diagnostic approach is the direct observation of the fine needle aspiration specimens. However, using only this method many reported cases of unnecessary surgeries and re-operative incidents due to false diagnosis at the preoperative stage have been observed. Poor cellularity, loss of tissue architecture, poor cytomorphologic features in fine needle aspiration smears leads to incorrect diagnosis. Cell block technique is a better diagnostic approach at the pre-operative stage to overcome the pitfalls in direct smears as it concentrates the cells and preserve tissue architecture. Further, multiple sections with same cellularity can be prepared from a single cell block allowing the use for more advanced techniques like immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnosis. Cell block technique strengthen the diagnosis of tumors by fine needle aspiration specimens. Combined use of cell block technique with fine needle aspiration can reach to a sensitivity of about 95-100% suggesting that every FNAC specimen should be subjected to cell block preparation whenever possible.
{"title":"Cell Block Preparation for Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid; Cost Effective Method in a Resource Poor Setting","authors":"Hiroshani Hansamali Kulatunga, Ajith Aloka Pathirana, N. Fernando, B. Gamage, A. Epa, Asanga Sampath, C. Sosai, B. Seneviratne","doi":"10.11648/j.ajlm.20200506.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20200506.13","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past thirty years thyroid tumor incidence has triplicated and it is currently 7% of a given population. However, interestingly the thyroid cancer incidence is quite low and is approximately 5-10% of the thyroid tumor patients. Expeditious diagnosis of the thyroid nodules at the pre surgery stage is important to determine the tumor prognosis. A Widely used diagnostic approach is the direct observation of the fine needle aspiration specimens. However, using only this method many reported cases of unnecessary surgeries and re-operative incidents due to false diagnosis at the preoperative stage have been observed. Poor cellularity, loss of tissue architecture, poor cytomorphologic features in fine needle aspiration smears leads to incorrect diagnosis. Cell block technique is a better diagnostic approach at the pre-operative stage to overcome the pitfalls in direct smears as it concentrates the cells and preserve tissue architecture. Further, multiple sections with same cellularity can be prepared from a single cell block allowing the use for more advanced techniques like immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnosis. Cell block technique strengthen the diagnosis of tumors by fine needle aspiration specimens. Combined use of cell block technique with fine needle aspiration can reach to a sensitivity of about 95-100% suggesting that every FNAC specimen should be subjected to cell block preparation whenever possible.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125981703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-19DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLM.20200506.12
Mahmoud Radwan, A. Elsous, R. Hussain
Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recognized as a global public health threat and announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the absence of vaccine development for the COVID-19, one of the most common and currently implemented ways to combat the COVID-19 is to test the currently used antivirals through vitro and vivo trials. Objective: This mini-review aims at reviewing the latest available evidence on the potentially effective and safe antiviral drugs that can be used for controlling the COVID-19. Methods: Three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane) were rapidly searched from 30 March to 2nd of October 2020 on studies reporting clinical outcomes of antivirals against SARS, MERS, or COVID-19. Findings/Conclusion: Currently, many antivirals that have been used with previous infectious diseases, are being used to treat the COVID-19 infection. Most of the observational studies and the RCTs have provided mixed or confusing findings. Due to the lack of reliable evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), no effective antiviral drug proved its efficacy and safety against the COVID-19. This rapid review focuses mainly on the latest findings of the most common used antivirals, hoping to continue the next reviews once we have stronger published RCTs based evidence.
{"title":"Updates on the Current Antivirals Therapy for the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mini-Review","authors":"Mahmoud Radwan, A. Elsous, R. Hussain","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20200506.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20200506.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recognized as a global public health threat and announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the absence of vaccine development for the COVID-19, one of the most common and currently implemented ways to combat the COVID-19 is to test the currently used antivirals through vitro and vivo trials. Objective: This mini-review aims at reviewing the latest available evidence on the potentially effective and safe antiviral drugs that can be used for controlling the COVID-19. Methods: Three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane) were rapidly searched from 30 March to 2nd of October 2020 on studies reporting clinical outcomes of antivirals against SARS, MERS, or COVID-19. Findings/Conclusion: Currently, many antivirals that have been used with previous infectious diseases, are being used to treat the COVID-19 infection. Most of the observational studies and the RCTs have provided mixed or confusing findings. Due to the lack of reliable evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), no effective antiviral drug proved its efficacy and safety against the COVID-19. This rapid review focuses mainly on the latest findings of the most common used antivirals, hoping to continue the next reviews once we have stronger published RCTs based evidence.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129377977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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