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Criminalization Based on the Principle of Human Rights Limitation 基于人权限制原则的刑事定罪
Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.26555/novelty.v13i1.a23606
Mahrus Ali, Irwan Hafid, Kurnia Dewi Anggraeny
Introduction to The Problem: The use of criminal law to limit the freedom of citizen s’ civil rights must be done with caution since it intimately links to the infringement of such rights. Purpose/Objective Study: The present study aims to explore the criteria of criminalization based on the principle of limitations of human rights. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employed doctrinal legal research using both conceptual and statutory approaches Findings: In the policy formation of illegal acts, the legislator frequently formulates rights constraints. The criminalization criteria specified in the human rights limitation can be used to apply this restriction. Restriction-containing offenses determined by the legislature must be by law, legitimate aim, and necessity in a democratic society. A consistent model of criteria for democratic society demands does not exist. This last criterion is linked to both the proportionality principle in human rights and the concept of criminal law as a last resort.
问题简介:使用刑法来限制公民公民权利的自由必须谨慎,因为它与侵犯公民权利密切相关。目的/目的研究:本研究旨在探讨基于人权限制原则的刑事定罪标准。设计/方法/方法:本研究采用了理论法律研究,同时使用了概念和法定方法。研究结果:在非法行为的政策制定中,立法者经常制定权利约束。人权限制规定的刑事定罪标准可用于适用这一限制。立法机构确定的限制犯罪必须是法律、合法目的和民主社会的必要性。民主社会要求的标准不存在一致的模式。最后一项标准与人权中的相称性原则和作为最后手段的刑法概念都有联系。
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引用次数: 0
Reposition of Ta’zir and Ta’wid on Moral Hazard Behavior in Islamic Banking in Indonesia 塔齐尔和塔维德对印尼伊斯兰银行业道德风险行为的重新定位
Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.26555/novelty.v13i1.a21505
Muhammad Ridha Haykal Amal, F. Muhammadi
Introduction to The Problem: The use of ta'zīr and ta'wīḍ in dealing with moral hazards in Islamic banking has been legalized through Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 7/46/PBI/2005 and DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 17/DSN-MUI/IX/2000. However, some scholars do not justify these policies because they are contrary to sharia rules. Purpose/Objective: This research aims to reposition ta'zīr and ta'wīḍ in dealing with moral hazard behavior. The repositioning in this context is to look for alternative ways to deal with customer moral hazard behavior. Design/Methodology/Approach: This is qualitative research involving secondary data arranged in an inductive-descriptive manner. It is also associated with a case study to obtain a complete picture of ta'zīr and ta'wīḍ in preventing moral hazards in Islamic banking. The data collected were analyzed through the stages of (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data display, and (4) conclusion/verification. Findings: Based on the results, the repositioning of ta'zīr and ta'wīḍ is necessary because, presently, its implementation contains elements of usury, which Islam forbids. Therefore, the proposed form enables customers to pay back debt in two or three installments without increasing its value in one payment. This policy enables customers whose late payment is not due to force majeure but an element of intent or bad faith.
问题简介:ta'zīr和ta'wī的使用ḍ 通过印度尼西亚银行第7/46/PBI/2005号条例和DSN-MUI Fatwa第17/DSN-MUI/IX/2000号条例,处理伊斯兰银行道德风险的行为已合法化。然而,一些学者并没有为这些政策辩护,因为它们违反了伊斯兰教法。目的/目的:本研究旨在重新定位ta'zīr和ta'wīḍ 在处理道德风险行为方面。在这种情况下,重新定位是为了寻找处理客户道德风险行为的替代方法。设计/方法/方法:这是一项定性研究,涉及以归纳描述性方式排列的二次数据。它还与一个案例研究相关联,以获得ta'zīr和ta'wī的完整图像ḍ 防止伊斯兰银行业的道德风险。通过(1)数据收集、(2)数据缩减、(3)数据显示和(4)结论/验证阶段对收集的数据进行分析。研究结果:根据研究结果,ta'zīr和ta'wīr的重新定位ḍ 这是必要的,因为目前,它的实施包含了伊斯兰教禁止的高利贷元素。因此,拟议的形式使客户能够分两次或三次偿还债务,而不会一次性增加其价值。该政策适用于非因不可抗力而是出于故意或恶意而延迟付款的客户。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis on the Income Tax Compliance Behavior of Muzaki at Lazismu Sragen 木崎在Lazismu公司的所得税合规行为分析
Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.26555/novelty.v13i1.a20316
Arvie Johan, Dito Karisma Prasetyo
Introduction to The Problem: Zakat as a deduction of taxable income has become an issue that has attracted the attention of the public economy. The most obvious thing is that the low realization of zakat collection and tax ratios affect the welfare gap (distribution function) and public services received by the citizens (allocation function). On an extreme scale, non-compliance with zakat and tax may threaten social cohesion and legal authority. Purpose/Objective Study: This study aims to find out how zakat regulation as a deduction of taxable income affects muzaki's behavior to comply or not comply with tax obligations. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research design is empirical legal research with qualitative analysis. The primary source builds on focus group discussions (FGDs). Otherwise, secondary sources are collected through a literature study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Findings: Zakat as a deduction of taxable income affects muzaki's behavior to comply with tax obligations. The zakat scheme as a deduction of taxable income greatly influences muzaki's behavior within the level of tax compliance, specifically the level of resistance to tax because the system is considered oppressive, to move up to the level of tax compliance trying to comply but having difficulty understanding tax. This significant change occurs because the Zakat scheme as a deduction of taxable income is able to eliminate the characteristic of “tax is conflicting with zakat” in t he level of tax compliance resistance because the system is considered oppressive.
问题简介:天课作为应纳税所得额的抵扣,已经成为一个引起公共经济关注的问题。最明显的是,天课征收和税收比例的低实现影响了福利差距(分配函数)和公民获得的公共服务(分配函数)。在极端情况下,不遵守天课和税收可能会威胁到社会凝聚力和法律权威。目的/目的研究:本研究旨在了解作为应纳税所得额扣除的天课规定如何影响舞崎人遵守或不遵守纳税义务的行为。设计/方法/途径:本研究设计为实证法律研究与定性分析。主要来源建立在焦点小组讨论(fgd)上。另外,二手资料是通过对初级、二级和三级法律材料的文献研究收集的。研究发现:天课作为应纳税所得额的一种扣除方式,会影响舞崎的纳税行为。zakat计划作为一种应纳税所得额的扣除,极大地影响了muzaki在税收合规层面的行为,特别是抵制税收的水平,因为该制度被认为是压迫性的,上升到税收合规的水平,试图遵守,但很难理解税收。这一重大变化的发生,是因为天课制度作为一种应纳税所得额的扣除,能够消除由于该制度被认为是压迫性的,在税收合规抵抗水平上“税收与天课相冲突”的特征。
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引用次数: 0
The Displacement of the Law by Technicity 法律被技术性取代
Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.26555/novelty.v13i1.a23822
Stefan Koos
Introduction to The Problem: Trust towards the legal system and interpersonal trust might lose significance and be increasingly replaced by technical determinacy following the loss of state sovereignty as a result of the deterritorialization of the law in the technical globalized world. The future evolution of artificial intelligence and digitalization may provide instruments to displace law as a social control instrument and at the same time reduce the human factor in the law. Purpose/Objective Study: This paper is describing the connection between the ubiquity of the internet and the rise of disruptive technologies. It asks for the future role of the ethic in the legal system in a technologized society.
问题导论:在技术全球化的世界中,随着法律的非属地化导致国家主权丧失,对法律制度和人际信任的信任可能会失去意义,并日益被技术确定性所取代。未来人工智能和数字化的发展可能会提供替代法律作为社会控制工具的工具,同时减少法律中的人为因素。目的/目的研究:本文描述了互联网的无处不在和颠覆性技术的兴起之间的联系。它提出了伦理在技术社会法律体系中的未来角色。
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引用次数: 1
Industrial Relations with Specific Time Work Agreements after the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 in The Perspective of Legal Justice 印度尼西亚共和国宪法法院第91/PUU-XVIII/2020号判决后,法律正义视角下的特定时间工作协议劳资关系
Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.26555/novelty.v13i1.a22545
Fithriatus Shalihah
Introduction to The Problem: The constitutional court decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 stated that the establishment of Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation contradicts the 1945 Constitution and is considered conditional unconstitutional. Thus, within two years of Law No. 11 of 2020, its derivative rules are still enforced until there is an improvement. However, two years is a legal certainty, but it is uncertain in the business and industrial worlds. Purpose/Objective Study: This study aims to find out how the effect of the issuance of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 on the implementation of Law No. 11 of 2020 on the Employment Cluster and its derivative rules and how alternative efforts in creating harmonious industrial relations on the issue of working relations with Specific Time Work Agreements after the constitutional court decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research method used is doctrinal legal research. Findings: This research resulted in a study that the influence of constitutional court decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 impacts the uncertainty of legal protection guarantees in the business and the industrial world. Because it takes two years to implement the provisions of Law No. 11 of 2020 in the Employment cluster and its derivative rules, namely Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021, the business and the industrial world cannot implement the provisions without any guarantee of sustainable time, and it will lead to injustice in industrial relations. One alternative to continue creating harmonious industrial relations with Specific Time Work Agreements is to return to local wisdom, prioritizing the principle of consensus deliberation that prioritizes the parties' agreement in working relations including the fulfillment of rights in compensation payments when there is a termination of employment.
问题简介:宪法法院第91/PU-XVIII/2020号裁决指出,制定关于创造就业的2020年第11号法律与1945年《宪法》相矛盾,被视为有条件违宪。因此,在2020年第11号法律颁布的两年内,其衍生规则仍在执行,直到有所改善。然而,两年在法律上是确定的,但在商业和工业界是不确定的。目的/目标研究:本研究旨在了解印度尼西亚共和国宪法法院第91/PU-XVIII/2020号法令的颁布对实施2020年第11号《就业集群法》及其衍生规则的影响,以及在具体时间工作协议的工作关系问题上,为建立和谐的劳资关系所做的其他努力在宪法法院第91/PU-XVIII/2020号裁决之后。设计/方法论/方法论:所使用的研究方法是理论法律研究。调查结果:这项研究的结果表明,宪法法院第91/PU-XVIII/2020号裁决的影响影响了商业和工业界法律保护保障的不确定性。由于在就业集群中实施2020年第11号法律及其衍生规则,即2021年第35号政府条例,需要两年时间,如果没有任何可持续时间的保障,企业和工业界就无法实施这些规定,这将导致劳资关系中的不公正。通过《特定时间工作协议》继续建立和谐的劳资关系的一种选择是回归当地智慧,优先考虑协商一致原则,该原则优先考虑双方在工作关系中的协议,包括在雇佣关系终止时履行赔偿金的权利。
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引用次数: 2
Insider Trading: Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 1995 on Capital Market from Typewriters to Digital Era 内幕交易:印度尼西亚共和国1995年第8号法律,关于从打字机时代到数字时代的资本市场
Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.26555/novelty.v13i1.a19101
Suwinto Johan, A. Ariawan, L. Yuan
Introduction to The Problem : Symmetric information is an essential factor in the capital market. Symmetric information will create an efficient capital market. Insider trading is one of the things that makes asymmetric information. The regulations on the capital market determine the criteria for insider trading. Insider trading is people who have non-public information on the company and earn financial benefits from non-public information. Purpose/Objective Study : This research aims to determine the insider trading criteria on the Indonesian Capital Market Law Number 8 of 1995. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research uses the normative juridical method. The study utilizes several cases that occur in countries as a discussion. Findings : This research concludes that the definition of insider trading consists of stakeholders who have interests and non-public information on public companies. The scope of insider trading is also extended to family members of stakeholders. Stakeholders include management, related companies' employees, officials, suppliers, shareholders, and their family members. The definition of family members is the spouse, children, and parents. The definition of insider trading should be extended to the current regulations. The related individuals must carry out the obligation to report share ownership.
问题简介:信息对称是资本市场的一个重要因素。信息对称将创造一个有效的资本市场。内幕交易是造成信息不对称的原因之一。资本市场的规则决定了内幕交易的标准。内幕交易是指掌握公司非公开信息并从非公开信息中获取经济利益的人。目的/目的研究:本研究旨在确定印度尼西亚1995年第8号资本市场法的内幕交易标准。设计/方法/途径:本研究采用规范的法律方法。该研究利用发生在各国的几个案例进行讨论。研究发现:内幕交易的定义包括对上市公司有利益和非公开信息的利益相关者。内幕交易的范围也扩大到利益相关者的家庭成员。利益相关者包括管理层、相关公司的员工、官员、供应商、股东及其家庭成员。家庭成员的定义是配偶、子女和父母。内幕交易的定义应扩展到现行法规。相关个人必须履行股权报告义务。
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引用次数: 1
Legal Protection for Women and Children as Victims of Human Trafficking in Indonesia 印度尼西亚对作为人口贩运受害者的妇女和儿童的法律保护
Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.26555/novelty.v13i1.a18738
Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini, Ida Bagus Wyasa Putra, Gede Marhaendra Wija Atmaja, Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku
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引用次数: 2
The Challenge of Local Revenue Enhancement through Boarding House Taxation Policy in Yogyakarta City 日惹市膳宿税政策对地方增收的挑战
Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.26555/novelty.v13i1.a19741
Fatimah Nuraini, N. Nasrullah, Abd Hamid Bin Abd Murad
Introduction to The Problem: In early 2019, the total data on Building Permits for Boarding Houses in Yogyakarta City reached more than 700 houses, and the local tax revenue for the category Boarding House did not reach 40 homes yearly. The urgency of enforcement of the boarding house tax regulation is relevant to increasing tax compliance rates and local revenue from boarding houses. Objective Study: This study examines the enforcement of the Regional Regulation of Number 1 of 2011 on Local Tax and the obstacles to its implementation using the law system components, the law enforcement factors and the law enforcement elements. Methodology: The data used are primary data and secondary data through a regulatory approach. Data collection uses a structured interview process by interviewing five interviewees who handled the enforcement of boarding house tax rules. Findings: The service quality of tax authority factor, law enforcement officers’ factor, and tax sanctions factor have adjusted the public needs (as a legal benefit) and legal certainty while does not provide justice to the community. Implications of the study for tax policy of the Boarding House category are the imposition of criminal sanctions and administrative sanctions against non-compliance boarding house taxpayers, the coordination between tax authorities and law enforcers to enforce boarding house tax rules, and the development of boarding house tax regulations relating to the tax sanctions theory. The urgencies of this legal research are to analyze the enforcement of the Regional Regulation of Yogyakarta City Number 1 of 2011 concerning Local Tax on boarding houses by the Local Government of Yogyakarta City and to analyze the obstacles to the enforcement of the regulation for increasing local revenue through boarding house tax. The contribution of this legal research would give suggestions for the Yogyakarta City Government on tax policy that the enhancement of local revenue could be obtained through the law enforcement of Regional Regulation of Yogyakarta City Number 1 of 2011 concerning Local Tax on boarding house tax.
问题简介:2019年初,日惹市寄宿房屋建筑许可证的总数据达到700多套,寄宿房屋类别的地方税收每年没有达到40套。执行寄宿公寓税收法规的紧迫性与提高税收合规率和寄宿公寓的地方收入有关。目标研究:本研究利用法律体系的组成部分、执法因素和执法要素,审查了2011年第1号地方税区域法规的执行情况及其实施障碍。方法:使用的数据是通过监管方法获得的主要数据和次要数据。数据收集采用结构化访谈过程,访谈了五名负责寄宿家庭税收规则执行的受访者。调查结果:税务机关因素、执法人员因素和税务制裁因素的服务质量调整了公众需求(作为一种法律利益)和法律确定性,但没有为社区提供正义。该研究对寄宿公寓类税收政策的影响包括对不遵守规定的寄宿公寓纳税人实施刑事制裁和行政制裁,税务机关和执法者之间协调执行寄宿公寓税收规则,以及与税收制裁理论相关的寄宿公寓税收法规的发展。本法律研究的紧迫性是分析日惹市地方政府执行《日惹市2011年第1号地方法规》中关于寄宿房屋地方税的情况,并分析通过寄宿房屋税增加地方收入的法规执行障碍。这项法律研究的贡献将为日惹市政府的税收政策提供建议,即可以通过执法《日惹市2011年第1号地区条例》(关于寄宿房屋税的地方税)来增加当地收入。
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引用次数: 0
The Correlation Between the Criminal Sentence Period and the Intention of Prisoners to Stop Using Drugs in Class I Correctional Facility of Bandar Lampung 班达尔楠榜一级惩教所罪犯的刑期与停止吸毒意图的相关性
Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.26555/NOVELTY.V12I2.A18927
Aditia Arief Firmanto, Prida Harkina, Vira Sandayanti
Introduction to the Problem: The length of the criminal sencenting can create an intention in prisoners to stop using drugs. Psychologically, the intention is seen from how strong a person's desire to display behavior and how much effort is planned or will be made to display behavior. Objective: This study intends to determine the relationship between the length of the sentence and the intention to stop using drugs in Class I prisons of Bandar Lampung. The variables in this study were the length of the sentence and the intention to stop using drugs. The research samples in this study were the drug convicts in Class I Correctional Facility of Bandar Lampung, Methodology: Data collection method uses quantitative and combines with the qualitative method. The data analysis method of descriptive quantitative uses Linkert Scale approach accumulated with the Pearson Product Moment correlation technique by using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences 20 application program. Data analysis method of qualitative descriptive uses empirical normative approach. Findings: The result in this study is that there is no relationship between the length of the sentence and the intention to stop using drugs in the Class I Correctional Facility in Bandar Lampung. Based on the correlation test results, the r value was -0.088 with significance = 0.381 where (p> 0.05).  The data shows the relationship between the length of the sentence and the intention to stop using drugs in the Class I Correctional Facility in Bandar Lampung is not proven. It means that there are other aspects that more influencing the intention of drug use. Additionally, the effectiveness of imprisonment for drug users in the Class I prison in Bandar Lampung has not run optimally, namely supporting facilities and facilities such as overcapacity for prisoners and prisoners. Paper Type: Research Article
问题简介:犯罪刑期的长短会使囚犯产生停止使用毒品的意图。从心理学上讲,意图是从一个人表现行为的欲望有多强烈,以及计划或将付出多少努力来表现行为来看出的。目的:本研究旨在确定班达尔楠榜一级监狱的刑期与停止使用毒品意图之间的关系。这项研究中的变量是刑期和停止使用药物的意图。本研究的研究样本为班达尔楠榜一级惩教所的毒品罪犯,方法:数据收集方法采用定量和定性相结合的方法。描述性定量的数据分析方法使用了Linkert量表方法,该方法通过使用社会科学20应用程序的统计包与Pearson乘积矩相关技术积累。定性描述的数据分析方法采用实证规范方法。研究结果:这项研究的结果是,刑期长短与在班达尔楠榜一级惩教所停止使用毒品的意图之间没有关系。根据相关检验结果,r值为-0.088,显著性=0.381,其中(p>0.05)。数据显示,班达尔楠榜一级惩教所的刑期与停止使用药物的意图之间的关系尚未得到证实。这意味着还有其他方面更能影响药物使用的意图。此外,班达尔楠榜一级监狱对吸毒者的监禁效果不佳,即配套设施和设施,如囚犯和囚犯的产能过剩。论文类型:研究文章
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引用次数: 0
Proof Power of Authentic Deed Transfer of Land Rights in Legal Perspective of Civil Procedures 民事诉讼法律视野下的土地确权证书转让证明权
Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.26555/NOVELTY.V12I2.A18604
Yuda Anrova, Eman Suparman, Hazar Kusmayanti
Introduction to The Problem: Evidence is a process carried out by the parties in resolving disputes to prove the arguments presented before the judge who decides the legal dispute so that the judge can decide as fairly as possible. Evidence under the civil procedure law is regulated in Article 164 HIR. Supreme Court decision number 3591K/Pdt/2018 discusses documentary evidence in the form of an agreement to transfer and transfer land rights and states that the deed has no legal force. Purpose/Objective Study: The purpose of the study was to determine the legal considerations for the strength of authentic deed evidence in the Supreme Court Decision number 3591K/Pdt/2018, connected with civil procedural law. The research method used is a normative juridical approach to the research specification in descriptive-analytical analysis and qualitative normative. Design/Methodology/Approach: The method used in this research is normative juridical research which focuses on the applicable legal provisions. Findings: The research results that the authentic deed submitted by the Defendants in the Reconvention as evidence has external and formal evidentiary power. However, authentic deeds that are perfect and binding do not have a coercive or decisive character. Authentic deed evidence can be invalidated if there is evidence of the opponent which can prove otherwise. Based on the decision of the Supreme Court number 3591K/Pdt/2018, the Notarial Deed of the Transfer of Land Rights Agreement has no legal force because land rights have been transferred and building use rights are attached. Paper Type: Research Article
问题简介:证据是当事人在解决纠纷时为证明在法官面前提出的论点而进行的一个过程,法官决定法律纠纷,从而使法官能够尽可能公正地作出裁决。民事诉讼法第一百六十四条规定了民事诉讼法的证据。最高法院第3591K/Pdt/2018号决定讨论了转让和转让土地权利协议形式的书面证据,并指出该契约不具有法律效力。目的/目的研究:本研究的目的是确定最高法院第3591K/Pdt/2018号判决中与民事诉讼法相关的真实契约证据强度的法律考虑。本文采用的研究方法是对描述性分析分析和定性规范的研究规范的规范性司法方法。设计/方法/途径:本研究使用的方法是规范性法律研究,侧重于适用的法律条款。研究发现:本案中被告提交的真实契约作为证据具有外在的正式证据力。然而,完备的、具有约束力的真实契约并不具有强制性或决定性。如果对方有证据证明事实并非如此,真实的契约证据可以无效。根据大法院第3591K/Pdt/2018号判决书,《土地权利转让协议公证书》已经转让了土地权利,附加了建筑物使用权,因此不具有法律效力。论文类型:研究论文
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引用次数: 0
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