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Cybersecurity: a general framework in the maritime and military world 网络安全:海事和军事领域的总体框架
Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.25043/19098642.242
F. Martinez, Francisco Guevara, Luis Enrique Sánchez, Antonio Santos-Olmo
In recent decades, the production of information in studies and research papers on the subject of cybersecurity have addressed the convenience of developing cyberdefense capabilities regardless of whether the scope is industrial or military, corporate or State. However, despite the generation of policies to contribute to the synergy of protection, cybersecurity threats continue to grow, affecting all organizations regardless of their size. The article deals with the existing guidelines, policies and environments within the international framework of cybersecurity in the maritime environment and identifies how these are taken through particular measures to the environments of military maritime units.
近几十年来,有关网络安全主题的研究和研究论文中的信息处理了发展网络防御能力的便利性,无论其范围是工业还是军事、企业还是国家。然而,尽管制定了有助于协同保护的政策,但网络安全威胁仍在继续增长,影响到所有组织,无论其规模如何。这篇文章论述了海事环境网络安全国际框架内的现有准则、政策和环境,并确定了如何通过对军事海事单位环境采取特定措施来采取这些准则、政策或环境。
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引用次数: 0
Electrical design for efficiency: technical and operational measures for optimizing the use of electrical power on ships 效率电气设计:优化船舶电力使用的技术和操作措施
Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.25043/19098642.240
Óscar Alejandro Sanabria Vargas, Hernán David Vergara Pestana, Reynaldo Rafael Mendoza Iglesias, Gabriela Guadalupe Salas Berrocal
There is currently a growing concern in the shipping industry about energy consumption and environmental impacts. According to the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) energy efficiency guidelines, today's ships must have an energy efficiency management plan to reduce the CO2 emission and other pollutants. In this article, a bibliographic review of methodologies for the optimization of energy consumption on ships is carried out, starting from the identification of sources of energy losses, to the implementation of technical and operational measures that contribute to their improvement, making a qualitative evaluation of the identified methodologies. Sources of energy losses associated with equipment and auxiliary systems are analyzed, as well as opportunities for improvement in the use of electrical energy through the implementation of intelligent energy management systems, high efficiency motors, and lighting. The technical and operational energy efficiency measures described above demonstrate the importance of their implementation from the early stages of the ship's electrical design, as well as monitoring energy consumption during its life cycle, to improve energy efficiency on board.
目前,航运业越来越关注能源消耗和环境影响。根据国际海事组织(IMO)的能源效率指导方针,今天的船舶必须有一个能源效率管理计划,以减少二氧化碳排放和其他污染物。在本文中,对优化船舶能耗的方法进行了书目审查,从确定能量损失的来源开始,到实施有助于改进的技术和操作措施,并对所确定的方法进行定性评估。分析了与设备和辅助系统相关的能量损失来源,以及通过实施智能能源管理系统、高效电机和照明来改善电能使用的机会。上述技术和操作能效措施证明了从船舶电气设计的早期阶段实施的重要性,以及在其生命周期中监测能源消耗,以提高船上的能源效率。
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引用次数: 0
Impacting Factors on the Accuracy of a Fuel Consumption Measurement 影响燃油消耗量测量准确性的因素
Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.25043/19098642.241
Christoph Matt
The paper discusses the challenges in performing an accurate fuel consumption measurement and the various factors that affect it. Based on an empirical pressure measurement carried out on a cargo ferry by KRAL engineers, ways to improve measurement accuracy are identified.
本文讨论了精确测量燃油消耗量的挑战以及影响测量的各种因素。基于KRAL工程师在货运渡轮上进行的经验压力测量,确定了提高测量精度的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Zero Pollution: design of a river tourist pontoon with electric propulsion based on hydrogen fuel cell 零污染:基于氢燃料电池电力推进的河流旅游浮桥设计
Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.25043/19098642.238
David Naranjo Tabares, José María Riola Rodríguez
Environmental logistics in Colombian river areas requires solutions that allow economic development based on tourism, without ecological degradation. Therefore, this paper shows the most relevant aspects of the project and preliminary design of a Pontoon-type vessel with a catamaran hull of 8 meters in length with enough power to reach a speed of 5 knots (85%MCR) and built in aluminum, which will also have electric propulsion based on a hydrogen fuel cell, and using renewable energies such as solar panels on the roof and a wind turbine. One of its main characteristics is that it will be a pollution-free ship and its classification will be done following the regulations of the Bureau Veritas, and all those national and international regulations that are applicable. Due to the problems generated by the daily use of the different means river transportation, which undoubtedly, could generate an irreversible affectation to the environment and a considerable loss of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems, which worsens over time, this prototype design might be presented to national shipbuilding, as a possibility for designing eco-friendly tourist vessels for the country's river areas, as an example for future constructions that are expected with the rise of tourism in the country.
哥伦比亚河流地区的环境物流需要解决方案,以旅游业为基础的经济发展,而不损害生态。因此,本文展示了该项目最相关的方面,以及一艘浮桥型船的初步设计,该船的双体船体长8米,有足够的动力达到5节(85%MCR)的速度,并由铝建造,它也将有基于氢燃料电池的电力推进,并使用可再生能源,如屋顶上的太阳能电池板和风力涡轮机。它的主要特点之一是它将是一艘无污染的船,它的入级将按照必维国际检验集团的规定进行,以及所有适用的国家和国际规定。由于日常使用不同的河流运输方式所产生的问题,无疑会对环境产生不可逆转的影响,并且随着时间的推移,水生生态系统的生物多样性会严重丧失,因此该原型设计可能会提交给国家造船,作为为该国河流地区设计生态友好型旅游船的可能性。作为未来建设的一个例子,随着该国旅游业的兴起。
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引用次数: 0
The great challenge of propeller cavitation in shipbuilding. Continuous control with the innovative Non-Intrusive Cavitation Detection System (Ni-CDS) 螺旋桨空化在造船中的巨大挑战。利用创新的非侵入式空化检测系统(Ni-CDS)进行连续控制
Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.25043/19098642.239
Publio Beltrán Palomo, Richard García Méndez, Luis Antonio Piqueras
Cavitation is an unwanted phenomenon that has been present for more than 50 years in any ship propulsion system. Despite the great technological advances with the use of advanced simulation tools (CFD's), and new technology, we are still far from being able to eliminate it from propellers due to its own operating principle. This phenomenon will continue to occur under certain conditions of operation of the propulsion system of ships. The consequences of this phenomenon are well known to the Navies, shipowners and naval engineers: reduction of the service life of the propeller and sometimes of the rudder and hull too, reduction of propulsive efficiency, a significant increase in vibrations and noise on board and, consequently, a reduction in comfort conditions and stealth capacity, together with noise pollution with negative effects on the oceans and marine fauna. This issue has been on the table at the IMO since 2008, currently working on updating MEPC.1/Circ.833. For this purpose, a working group of more than 120 experts from 40 entities (countries and organizations) from all over the world has been created, being TSI one of its most involved members. After more than 5 years of research, TSI has developed the first non-intrusive system capable of automatically and continuously detect this phenomenon and quantify its intensity, with sufficient precision to provide valuable information for its control. By having a visible and real time indicator of this phenomenon, we can act and reduce the negative effects of cavitation and control the acoustic signature of our vessel at all times.
空化现象在船舶推进系统中已经存在了50多年。尽管使用先进的模拟工具(CFD)和新技术取得了巨大的技术进步,但由于其自身的工作原理,我们仍然远远不能从螺旋桨中消除它。这种现象在船舶推进系统运行的一定条件下还会继续发生。这种现象的后果对海军、船东和海军工程师来说是众所周知的:螺旋桨的使用寿命缩短,有时舵和船体的使用寿命也缩短,推进效率降低,船上的振动和噪音显著增加,因此,舒适度和隐身能力降低,以及对海洋和海洋动物产生负面影响的噪音污染。自2008年以来,这个问题一直在IMO的桌面上,目前正在更新MEPC.1/Circ.833。为此目的,成立了一个由来自世界各地40个实体(国家和组织)的120多名专家组成的工作组,TSI是其参与最多的成员之一。经过5年多的研究,TSI开发了第一个非侵入式系统,能够自动连续检测这种现象并量化其强度,具有足够的精度,为其控制提供有价值的信息。通过对这种现象有一个可见的实时指示器,我们可以采取行动,减少空化的负面影响,并随时控制我们船只的声学特征。
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引用次数: 0
Entering a new era for electrical vessel on inland waterways 进入内河电船新时代
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.25043/19098642.230
Jean Michel Chatelier
The shipping industry is moving towards quickly decarbonizing its assets. There is also a growing demand for new urban transportation (passengers, building materials, and equipment) with zero-emission propulsion. Zero-emission propulsion is available today for sustainable transport. The common size of inland navigation vessels offers the opportunity to implement innovative technologies earlier than seagoing ships. There is clearly a wide range of solutions available, with their own set of pros and cons. Batteries and fuel cells are part of a growing list of solutions to carbon-neutral or zero-emissions shipping. They become a strong choice and can be successfully combined with alternative fuels. As a result, electric and hybrid vessels are currently among the most important developments in the inland navigation sector. Bureau Veritas, as one of the major classification societies, proposes a brief review of state-of-the-art electrical solutions, considering available technologies, safety constraints and operational challenges, bringing to light its experience in electrical vessels, both in new constructions and conversions as well as in vessels in service. Although many parameters must be considered, the conclusion confirms that there are electrical solutions already suitable for a range of vessels and it is also possible to pencil the near future in association with new infrastructure and supply chain.
航运业正朝着迅速使其资产脱碳的方向发展。对零排放推进的新型城市交通(乘客、建筑材料和设备)的需求也在不断增长。如今,零排放推进系统可用于可持续交通。内河航行船舶的一般尺寸提供了比海船更早实施创新技术的机会。显然,有各种各样的解决方案可供选择,各有利弊。电池和燃料电池是碳中和或零排放航运解决方案中越来越多的一部分。它们成为一个强有力的选择,可以成功地与替代燃料相结合。因此,电动和混合动力船舶是目前内河航运领域最重要的发展之一。必维船级社作为主要船级社之一,在考虑现有技术、安全限制和运营挑战的情况下,对最先进的电气解决方案进行了简要回顾,并介绍了其在新建、改装和服役船舶方面的经验。尽管必须考虑许多参数,但结论证实,已经有适合一系列船舶的电气解决方案,并且在不久的将来也可以与新的基础设施和供应链相结合。
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引用次数: 1
Development of an engineering tool to analyze spectral fatigue of floating structures by means of hydro-elastic coupling 基于水弹耦合的浮式结构频谱疲劳分析工具的开发
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.25043/19098642.133
Alejandro Luna García-Valenzuela, Izak Goedbloed
Navy vessels are relative long and slender ships which must withstand, during their extensive operational life, cyclic loads produced by the seaway. Fatigue is, hence, for those vessels a dominant parameter in the structural ship design and on their operation. Due to the arising complexity of fatigue assessments, an in-house tool is developed to perform automatized spectral fatigue analysis. Tool is called SEAFALT and stands for Long-Term Spectral Fatigue Analysis. This article described the calculation process of SEAFALT, together with results of a case of study. SEAFALT controls automatically the coupling process of the hydrodynamic load calculated on each sea scenario (via ANSYS AQWA), with its correspondent Finite-Element (FE) structural response (via ANSYS MAPDL). SEAFALT calculates: the expected long-term fatigue damage on each node of the FE-model and the minimum required FAT-class.
海军舰艇是相对细长的船只,在其广泛的使用寿命期间,必须承受海道产生的循环载荷。因此,对于这些船舶来说,疲劳是结构船舶设计和运行的一个主要参数。由于疲劳评估的复杂性,我们开发了一种内部工具来执行自动化的光谱疲劳分析。该工具被称为SEAFALT,代表长期光谱疲劳分析。本文描述了SEAFALT的计算过程,并给出了一个算例的计算结果。SEAFALT自动控制每个海洋情景下计算的水动力载荷(通过ANSYS AQWA)与相应的有限元(FE)结构响应(通过ANSYS MAPDL)的耦合过程。SEAFALT计算:有限元模型各节点的预期长期疲劳损伤和所需的最小脂肪等级。
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引用次数: 0
A Truly Sustainable Digital Transformation Model for the Naval Sector 海军部门真正可持续的数字化转型模式
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.25043/19098642.97
Gustavo Velandia
This document aims to show the meaning and real implications of implementing a Digital Transformation in the naval sector, explaining its three components (People - Processes - Technology), as well as the consequences of the bad practices of its application through real cases of global resonance. Subsequently, an approximation to the requirements to carry it out in an adequate and sustainable manner are stated, by understanding the concepts of the executive level that will help strategic alignment and the application of tools to achieve it, and then explain how to design and execute a Digital Transformation Strategy in any organization. Finally, a model to create a sustainable Digital Naval Industry is offered, leveraged by Industry 4.0 technologies, presenting mechanisms such as the creation of a national and regional naval cluster, which allows free exchange of data and open information in real time, whose enabler will be the Unified NameSpace (UNS).
本文件旨在展示在海军部门实施数字化转型的意义和实际影响,解释其三个组成部分(人员-流程-技术),以及通过全球共鸣的真实案例说明其应用的不良做法的后果。随后,通过理解执行层的概念,说明以适当和可持续的方式执行它的近似要求,这将有助于战略对齐和工具的应用来实现它,然后解释如何在任何组织中设计和执行数字化转型战略。最后,通过工业4.0技术提供了一个创建可持续数字海军工业的模型,展示了诸如创建国家和地区海军集群等机制,该集群允许实时自由交换数据和开放信息,其推动者将是统一命名空间(UNS)。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of economic incentives for the electrification of river and maritime modes: proposal for the Colombian Case 确定河流和海上模式电气化的经济激励措施:哥伦比亚案例建议
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.25043/19098642.236
Julián Andrés Zapata Córtes, Edwin Giovanny Paipa Sanabria, Yamileth Aguirre Restrepo, Clara Paola Camargo Díaz
The transportation sector's significant contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily through fossil fuel consumption by motorized vehicles, remains a critical concern. In this industry, maritime transportation independently contributes to 2.89% of total global greenhouse gas emissions, displaying a persistent upward trend even in the face of enhanced efficiency measures implemented in port facilities and vessel operations. In response to this urgent concern, nations and international organizations have been formulating approaches aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in this transportation sector, encompassing the implementation of economic incentives. This article presents the findings of an exploratory-descriptive research endeavor, which aims to identify incentive policies implemented across various countries to expedite the adoption of electromobility in maritime and river transportation, thereby reducing GHG emissions from vessels. Data was gathered from authorized government websites, various organizations, maritime and river transport companies, and port authorities in each respective nation. Furthermore, this study classifies the incentives according to their methodologies and conducts a comparative analysis with the existing landscape in Colombia regarding the adoption of economic incentives for electrifying river transportation within the country. Through this analysis, some insights and recommendations can be derived to promote sustainable and environmentally-friendly practices in Colombia's river and maritime transportation sectors.
运输部门对温室气体排放的重大贡献,主要是通过机动车辆的化石燃料消耗,仍然是一个令人严重关切的问题。在这个行业中,海运独立贡献了全球温室气体排放总量的2.89%,即使在港口设施和船舶运营中实施了提高效率的措施,海运也呈现出持续上升的趋势。为了应对这一紧迫关切,各国和国际组织一直在制定旨在减少运输部门温室气体排放的方法,包括实施经济激励措施。本文介绍了一项探索性描述性研究的结果,该研究旨在确定各国实施的激励政策,以加快在海上和河流运输中采用电动汽车,从而减少船舶的温室气体排放。数据是从授权的政府网站、各种组织、海运和内河运输公司以及每个国家的港口当局收集的。此外,本研究根据激励措施的方法对其进行了分类,并与哥伦比亚现有的情况进行了比较分析,以了解该国采用经济激励措施实现河流运输的电气化。通过这一分析,可以得出一些见解和建议,以促进哥伦比亚河流和海洋运输部门的可持续和环保做法。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical analysis of the dynamic behavior of a Floating Wind Platform in regular waves 浮式风力平台在规则波浪中动力特性的数值分析
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.25043/19098642.135
Katherine Álvarez Castillo, J. Ahumada, C. Cifuentes, G. Tampier, Álvaro Gallardo
The goal of this study is to analyze the hydrodynamic behavior of a Floating Wind Platform (FOWT) under regular wave conditions. The analysis considers three degrees of freedom: Heave, Pitch and Surge. The study was car-ried out using a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) tool, based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the Finite Volume Method, and results were compared against experimental tests performed at the Wave/Towing Tank at Universidad Austral de Chile (CEH-UACh). For this analysis, a generic scales semi-submersible platform was used under different regular wave conditions, obtain-ing wave height data at different points of the control volume and translation and rotation movements to obtain the RAO's (Response Amplitude Operator) in each of the considered degrees of freedom. For the CFD simulations, commercial software STAR CCM+ was used, where the flow characteristics were defined through Volume of Fluid (VOF) and their respective boundary conditions. Final-ly, the results of both methodologies were compared, showing an adequate de-gree of correlation between them.
本研究的目的是分析浮式风力平台(FOWT)在规则波浪条件下的水动力行为。该分析考虑了三个自由度:起伏、俯仰和浪涌。这项研究是使用CFD(计算流体动力学)工具进行的,基于Navier-Stokes方程和有限体积法,并将结果与在智利南方大学波浪/拖曳池(CEH-UACh)进行的实验测试进行了比较。在该分析中,在不同的规则波浪条件下使用了通用尺度的半潜式平台,获得了控制体积和平移和旋转运动的不同点的波高数据,以获得每个考虑的自由度下的RAO(响应振幅算子)。对于CFD模拟,使用了商业软件STAR CCM+,其中通过流体体积(VOF)及其各自的边界条件来定义流动特性。最后,对两种方法的结果进行了比较,表明它们之间有足够的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
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Ciencia y Tecnologia de Buques
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