Veronica Flowers, Chelsea Frutos, Alistair S. MacKenzie, Richard Fanning, Erin E. Fraser
Photo-point monitoring through repeat photography allows assessment of long-term ecosystem changes, and photos may be collected using citizen science methods. Such efforts can generate large photo collections, but are susceptible to varying participation and data quality. To date, there have been few assessments of the success of citizen science projects using repeat photography methods in meeting their objectives. We report on the success of the PhotoMon Project, a photo-point monitoring program at Pinery Provincial Park, Canada, at meeting its primary goals of affordably collecting seasonal reference photographs of significant ecosystems within the park, while providing a stewardship opportunity for park visitors. We investigated how the quantity of submitted photos varied over time (quantity), and how closely those photos matched the suite of criteria of the PhotoMon Project (quality). Photo submissions occurred year-round and at all sites, although a low proportion of park visitors participated in the program. Photo quantity varied among sites and seasonally, reaching a low during the winter, but with proportional participation in the project lowest in summer. Photo quality was consistent year-round, with most photos meeting most program criteria. Common issues with photo quality included photo lighting and orientation. We conclude that the program met its scientific goal of compiling seasonal reference photos, but that comparatively few park visitors engage in the program. We suggest changes to increase visitor motivation to participate, but recognize that these may compromise the program’s current affordability and ease of management.
{"title":"Snap Decisions: Assessing Participation and Data Quality in a Citizen Science Program Using Repeat Photography","authors":"Veronica Flowers, Chelsea Frutos, Alistair S. MacKenzie, Richard Fanning, Erin E. Fraser","doi":"10.5334/cstp.558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.558","url":null,"abstract":"Photo-point monitoring through repeat photography allows assessment of long-term ecosystem changes, and photos may be collected using citizen science methods. Such efforts can generate large photo collections, but are susceptible to varying participation and data quality. To date, there have been few assessments of the success of citizen science projects using repeat photography methods in meeting their objectives. We report on the success of the PhotoMon Project, a photo-point monitoring program at Pinery Provincial Park, Canada, at meeting its primary goals of affordably collecting seasonal reference photographs of significant ecosystems within the park, while providing a stewardship opportunity for park visitors. We investigated how the quantity of submitted photos varied over time (quantity), and how closely those photos matched the suite of criteria of the PhotoMon Project (quality). Photo submissions occurred year-round and at all sites, although a low proportion of park visitors participated in the program. Photo quantity varied among sites and seasonally, reaching a low during the winter, but with proportional participation in the project lowest in summer. Photo quality was consistent year-round, with most photos meeting most program criteria. Common issues with photo quality included photo lighting and orientation. We conclude that the program met its scientific goal of compiling seasonal reference photos, but that comparatively few park visitors engage in the program. We suggest changes to increase visitor motivation to participate, but recognize that these may compromise the program’s current affordability and ease of management.","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"121 46","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danielle Lin Hunter, Valerie Johnson, Caren Cooper
Large-scale, scientist-led, participatory science (citizen science) projects often engage participants who are primarily white, wealthy, and well-educated. Calls to diversify contributory projects are increasingly common, but little research has evaluated the efficacy of suggested strategies for diversification. We engaged participants in Crowd the Tap through facilitator organizations like historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs), predominantly white institutions, high school science classrooms, and corporate volunteer programs. Crowd the Tap is a contributory project focused on identifying and addressing lead (Pb) contamination in household drinking water in the United States. We investigated how participant diversity with respects to race, ethnicity, and homeownership (a proxy for income) differed between participation facilitated through a partner organization and unfacilitated participation in which participants came to the project independently. We were also interested in which facilitators were most effective at increasing participant diversity. White and wealthy participants were overrepresented in unfacilitated participation. Facilitation helped increase engagement of people of color, especially Black and lower-income households. High schools were particularly effective at engaging Hispanic or Latinx participants, and HBCUs were important for engaging Black households. Ultimately, our results suggest that engagement through facilitator organizations may be an effective means of engaging diverse participants in large-scale projects. Our results have important implications for the field of participatory science as we seek to identify evidence-based strategies for diversifying project participants.
大规模的、由科学家领导的、参与性的科学(公民科学)项目通常吸引的参与者主要是富裕的、受过良好教育的白人。要求使捐助项目多样化的呼声日益普遍，但很少有研究评价所建议的多样化战略的效力。我们通过传统的黑人学院和大学(HBCUs)、以白人为主的机构、高中科学教室和企业志愿者项目等促进者组织吸引了Crowd the Tap的参与者。Crowd the Tap是一个致力于识别和解决美国家庭饮用水中铅(Pb)污染的贡献项目。我们调查了参与者在种族、民族和房屋所有权(收入的代表)方面的多样性在通过合作伙伴组织促进的参与和参与者独立参与的非促进参与之间的差异。我们还对哪些主持人在增加参与者多样性方面最有效感兴趣。白人和富有的参与者在无障碍参与中所占比例过高。便利有助于提高有色人种，特别是黑人和低收入家庭的参与度。高中在吸引西班牙裔或拉丁裔参与者方面特别有效，而hbcu在吸引黑人家庭方面很重要。最终，我们的结果表明，通过促进者组织的参与可能是在大型项目中吸引不同参与者的有效手段。我们的研究结果对参与式科学领域具有重要意义，因为我们试图确定使项目参与者多样化的循证策略。
{"title":"Diversifying Large-Scale Participatory Science: The Efficacy of Engagement through Facilitator Organizations","authors":"Danielle Lin Hunter, Valerie Johnson, Caren Cooper","doi":"10.5334/cstp.627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.627","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale, scientist-led, participatory science (citizen science) projects often engage participants who are primarily white, wealthy, and well-educated. Calls to diversify contributory projects are increasingly common, but little research has evaluated the efficacy of suggested strategies for diversification. We engaged participants in Crowd the Tap through facilitator organizations like historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs), predominantly white institutions, high school science classrooms, and corporate volunteer programs. Crowd the Tap is a contributory project focused on identifying and addressing lead (Pb) contamination in household drinking water in the United States. We investigated how participant diversity with respects to race, ethnicity, and homeownership (a proxy for income) differed between participation facilitated through a partner organization and unfacilitated participation in which participants came to the project independently. We were also interested in which facilitators were most effective at increasing participant diversity. White and wealthy participants were overrepresented in unfacilitated participation. Facilitation helped increase engagement of people of color, especially Black and lower-income households. High schools were particularly effective at engaging Hispanic or Latinx participants, and HBCUs were important for engaging Black households. Ultimately, our results suggest that engagement through facilitator organizations may be an effective means of engaging diverse participants in large-scale projects. Our results have important implications for the field of participatory science as we seek to identify evidence-based strategies for diversifying project participants.","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social media is now a new means of engagement and a catalyst for citizen science; still, less attention has been paid to understanding the influence of online communities on community-led citizen science projects. This study used the Fife Street Champions public Facebook group as a case study to explore how online community-led citizen science projects generate citizen science data to understand littering challenges in Scotland and to examine the impact of the group’s activities and the challenges they face. Data driven-content analysis was used to analyse Facebook user-generated data of 337 posts with comments and images to identify key themes that emerge in the data. Results indicate that group members develop their own data collection tools, share, analyse and present their litter-picking activities to understand the magnitude of littering and the impact of their litter-picking activities. However, the findings highlight inconsistencies in how group members collect and record data from their litter-picking activities. The group also provides informational support, environmental awareness and advocacy, and environmental citizenship. Members also share concerns about eco-anxiety. Lastly, safety and health concerns, COVID-19, and seagulls are challenges experienced by online-based litter pickers. The results contribute to our understanding of the opportunity that social media platforms can provide to build more robust online community-driven citizen science projects that can inform further research. Key stakeholders need to collaborate with such communities to improve on collecting scientifically meaningful data.
社交媒体现在是一种新的参与方式和公民科学的催化剂;然而，很少有人关注在线社区对社区主导的公民科学项目的影响。本研究以Fife Street Champions公共Facebook小组为例，探索在线社区主导的公民科学项目如何生成公民科学数据，以了解苏格兰的垃圾问题，并检查该小组活动的影响和他们面临的挑战。数据驱动内容分析用于分析Facebook用户生成的337个带有评论和图像的帖子数据，以确定数据中出现的关键主题。结果表明，小组成员开发了自己的数据收集工具，分享、分析和展示了他们的捡垃圾活动，以了解垃圾的严重程度和他们捡垃圾活动的影响。然而，研究结果强调了小组成员收集和记录捡垃圾活动数据的方式不一致。该组织还提供信息支持、环保意识和倡导以及环保公民。成员们还分享了对生态焦虑的担忧。最后，安全和健康问题、COVID-19和海鸥是网上捡垃圾者面临的挑战。这些结果有助于我们理解社交媒体平台可以提供的机会，以建立更强大的在线社区驱动的公民科学项目，这些项目可以为进一步的研究提供信息。关键利益攸关方需要与这些社区合作，改进收集有科学意义的数据的工作。
{"title":"“Every Small Action Helps Towards the Greater Cause:” Online Communities Scaling Up Online Community-Led Citizen Science in Addressing Litter Challenges in Scotland","authors":"Noleen Rutendo Chikowore","doi":"10.5334/cstp.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.579","url":null,"abstract":"Social media is now a new means of engagement and a catalyst for citizen science; still, less attention has been paid to understanding the influence of online communities on community-led citizen science projects. This study used the Fife Street Champions public Facebook group as a case study to explore how online community-led citizen science projects generate citizen science data to understand littering challenges in Scotland and to examine the impact of the group’s activities and the challenges they face. Data driven-content analysis was used to analyse Facebook user-generated data of 337 posts with comments and images to identify key themes that emerge in the data. Results indicate that group members develop their own data collection tools, share, analyse and present their litter-picking activities to understand the magnitude of littering and the impact of their litter-picking activities. However, the findings highlight inconsistencies in how group members collect and record data from their litter-picking activities. The group also provides informational support, environmental awareness and advocacy, and environmental citizenship. Members also share concerns about eco-anxiety. Lastly, safety and health concerns, COVID-19, and seagulls are challenges experienced by online-based litter pickers. The results contribute to our understanding of the opportunity that social media platforms can provide to build more robust online community-driven citizen science projects that can inform further research. Key stakeholders need to collaborate with such communities to improve on collecting scientifically meaningful data.","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veronica Del Bianco, K. Peterman, Rachel Becker-Klein, Cathlyn Davis, Andrea Grover, Tina Phillips
This paper explores the assumptions that citizen science (CS) project leaders had about their volunteers’ science inquiry skill–proficiency overall, and then examines volunteers’ actual proficiency in one specific skill, scientific observation, because it is fundamental to and shared by many projects. This work shares findings from interviews with 10 project leaders related to two common assumptions leaders have about their volunteers’ skill proficiency: one, that volunteers can perform the necessary skills to participate at the start of a CS project, and therefore may not need training; and two, volunteer skill proficiency improves over time through involvement in the CS project. In order to answer questions about the degree of accuracy to which volunteers can perform the necessary skills and about differences in their skill proficiency based on experience and data collection procedures, we analyzed data from seven CS projects that used two shared embedded assessment tools, each focused on skills within the context of scientific observation in natural settings: Notice relevant features for taxonomic identification and record standard observations. This across-project and cross-sectional study found that the majority of citizen science volunteers (n = 176) had the necessary skill proficiency to collect accurate scientific observations but proficiency varied based on volunteer experience and project data collection procedures.
{"title":"Cross-Project Analysis of Volunteers’ Scientific Observation Skills","authors":"Veronica Del Bianco, K. Peterman, Rachel Becker-Klein, Cathlyn Davis, Andrea Grover, Tina Phillips","doi":"10.5334/cstp.628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.628","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the assumptions that citizen science (CS) project leaders had about their volunteers’ science inquiry skill–proficiency overall, and then examines volunteers’ actual proficiency in one specific skill, scientific observation, because it is fundamental to and shared by many projects. This work shares findings from interviews with 10 project leaders related to two common assumptions leaders have about their volunteers’ skill proficiency: one, that volunteers can perform the necessary skills to participate at the start of a CS project, and therefore may not need training; and two, volunteer skill proficiency improves over time through involvement in the CS project. In order to answer questions about the degree of accuracy to which volunteers can perform the necessary skills and about differences in their skill proficiency based on experience and data collection procedures, we analyzed data from seven CS projects that used two shared embedded assessment tools, each focused on skills within the context of scientific observation in natural settings: Notice relevant features for taxonomic identification and record standard observations. This across-project and cross-sectional study found that the majority of citizen science volunteers (n = 176) had the necessary skill proficiency to collect accurate scientific observations but proficiency varied based on volunteer experience and project data collection procedures.","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46611801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conservation research programs working on private lands provide invaluable data to support biodiversity conservation efforts and may also engender broader conservation outcomes by influencing the conservation behaviors of individuals that participate within the program. However, little is known about how conservation behavior outcomes may differ across varying levels of participation in a program and what factors may influence this conservation behavior change. We sought to elucidate the conservation behavior outcomes associated with citizen scientists and non–citizen scientists involved with a conservation research program, as well as the factors that are associated with a program’s perceived impact on participants’ conservation behaviors. We conducted an online survey of individuals (n = 193) associated with Virginia Working Landscapes (VWL), a Smithsonian conservation research program that studies and promotes native biodiversity on private lands. Forty-nine percent of respondents had actively participated as citizen scientists whereas fifty-one percent had not. VWL citizen scientists had significantly higher perceived impacts of the program on their engagement in conservation behaviors compared with non–citizen scientists. Significant predictors of respondents’ perceptions of VWL’s impact on their conservation behaviors include participating as a citizen scientist and attending program events, while characteristics of the participants were not predictive of perceptions of impact. Our findings illustrate the added value, beyond data collection, of incorporating citizen science into conservation research programs. Results from this study may provide guidance on how these programs can increase their impact on participants’ conservation behaviors and broaden their influence on private lands conservation.
{"title":"Citizen Scientist Participation in Research on Private Lands Positively Impacts Multiple Conservation Behaviors","authors":"Rachael E. Green, A. Dayer, Amy E. M. Johnson","doi":"10.5334/cstp.507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.507","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation research programs working on private lands provide invaluable data to support biodiversity conservation efforts and may also engender broader conservation outcomes by influencing the conservation behaviors of individuals that participate within the program. However, little is known about how conservation behavior outcomes may differ across varying levels of participation in a program and what factors may influence this conservation behavior change. We sought to elucidate the conservation behavior outcomes associated with citizen scientists and non–citizen scientists involved with a conservation research program, as well as the factors that are associated with a program’s perceived impact on participants’ conservation behaviors. We conducted an online survey of individuals (n = 193) associated with Virginia Working Landscapes (VWL), a Smithsonian conservation research program that studies and promotes native biodiversity on private lands. Forty-nine percent of respondents had actively participated as citizen scientists whereas fifty-one percent had not. VWL citizen scientists had significantly higher perceived impacts of the program on their engagement in conservation behaviors compared with non–citizen scientists. Significant predictors of respondents’ perceptions of VWL’s impact on their conservation behaviors include participating as a citizen scientist and attending program events, while characteristics of the participants were not predictive of perceptions of impact. Our findings illustrate the added value, beyond data collection, of incorporating citizen science into conservation research programs. Results from this study may provide guidance on how these programs can increase their impact on participants’ conservation behaviors and broaden their influence on private lands conservation.","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41852284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The semiconductor sector, pivotal in the global value chain, sees countries like South Korea carving specializations. Notably, South Korea leads in semiconductor memory but relies heavily on Japanese imports, causing significant trade deficits. This dependency became problematic when historical tensions spurred Japan's export restrictions to South Korea, threatening the semiconductor supply chain and bilateral relations. Addressing this between 2019-2021, South Korea invoked Friedrich List's productive power theory, strategizing via infant industry nurturing and forced capital infusion. They launched the K-Semiconductor Strategy, promoting domestic growth to counterbalance import reliance. This proactive stance attracted 510 trillion KRW in investments, including private, foreign, and government subsidies, bolstering the local semiconductor materials sector. The outcome was twofold: reduced import dependence and a demonstration of South Korea's productive power, affirming its capability to sustain and fortify its semiconductor stronghold despite geopolitical strains. This period underscored the criticality of self-reliant industrial advancement in the face of international dynamics and supply vulnerabilities.
{"title":"DINAMIKA PERDAGANGAN DAN ADAPTASI STRATEGIS: RESPON KOREA SELATAN TERHADAP PEMBATASAN IMPOR SEMIKONDUKTOR JEPANG, 2019-2021","authors":"Nafisyah Viona Putri, Primadiana Yunita","doi":"10.53866/jimi.v3i3.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v3i3.404","url":null,"abstract":"The semiconductor sector, pivotal in the global value chain, sees countries like South Korea carving specializations. Notably, South Korea leads in semiconductor memory but relies heavily on Japanese imports, causing significant trade deficits. This dependency became problematic when historical tensions spurred Japan's export restrictions to South Korea, threatening the semiconductor supply chain and bilateral relations. Addressing this between 2019-2021, South Korea invoked Friedrich List's productive power theory, strategizing via infant industry nurturing and forced capital infusion. They launched the K-Semiconductor Strategy, promoting domestic growth to counterbalance import reliance. This proactive stance attracted 510 trillion KRW in investments, including private, foreign, and government subsidies, bolstering the local semiconductor materials sector. The outcome was twofold: reduced import dependence and a demonstration of South Korea's productive power, affirming its capability to sustain and fortify its semiconductor stronghold despite geopolitical strains. This period underscored the criticality of self-reliant industrial advancement in the face of international dynamics and supply vulnerabilities.","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136037393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract
The current condition of Indonesia's defense capabilities is a topic of great importance, considering the evolving geopolitical landscape and the increasing need for a strong defense force in the region.
This research aims to examine the rationale behind the establishment of the Indonesian Space Armed Forces as a crucial component of Indonesia's defense policy roadmap towards a golden future by 2045.
This qualitative research will employ a secondary data analysis method. It will draw upon various sources, including government reports, academic papers, and expert opinions, to gather the necessary information for analysis. The research findings will shed light on the current condition of Indonesia's defense capabilities, highlighting strengths and areas that require improvement.
The study will delve into the rational reasons for establishing the Indonesian Space Armed Forces, emphasizing the growing importance of space technology in defense and the need to safeguard Indonesia's interests and sovereignty in space. Furthermore, it will explore the key components of a defense policy roadmap, including advanced defense systems, a robust military-industrial complex, and enhanced regional cooperation.
The research will also assess the implementation of the defense policy roadmap and the challenges hindering its progress. It will examine issues such as budget constraints, technology transfer, human resource development, and strategic partnerships.
In conclusion, this research explores Indonesia's defense capabilities, the establishment of the Indonesian Space Armed Forces, and the challenges faced in implementing a comprehensive defense strategy for a secure future.
Keywords: defense capabilities, defense policy roadmap, golden Indonesia, Indonesian Space Armed Forces
{"title":"Defense Policy Roadmap Towards a Golden Indonesia 2045: Establishment of the Indonesian Space Armed Forces","authors":"Aris Sarjito","doi":"10.53866/jimi.v3i3.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v3i3.403","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract
 The current condition of Indonesia's defense capabilities is a topic of great importance, considering the evolving geopolitical landscape and the increasing need for a strong defense force in the region.
 This research aims to examine the rationale behind the establishment of the Indonesian Space Armed Forces as a crucial component of Indonesia's defense policy roadmap towards a golden future by 2045.
 This qualitative research will employ a secondary data analysis method. It will draw upon various sources, including government reports, academic papers, and expert opinions, to gather the necessary information for analysis. The research findings will shed light on the current condition of Indonesia's defense capabilities, highlighting strengths and areas that require improvement.
 The study will delve into the rational reasons for establishing the Indonesian Space Armed Forces, emphasizing the growing importance of space technology in defense and the need to safeguard Indonesia's interests and sovereignty in space. Furthermore, it will explore the key components of a defense policy roadmap, including advanced defense systems, a robust military-industrial complex, and enhanced regional cooperation.
 The research will also assess the implementation of the defense policy roadmap and the challenges hindering its progress. It will examine issues such as budget constraints, technology transfer, human resource development, and strategic partnerships.
 In conclusion, this research explores Indonesia's defense capabilities, the establishment of the Indonesian Space Armed Forces, and the challenges faced in implementing a comprehensive defense strategy for a secure future.
 Keywords: defense capabilities, defense policy roadmap, golden Indonesia, Indonesian Space Armed Forces","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136037395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the intersections that has a significant role in the city of Semarang is the Bergota Intersection. The level of traffic density and crowds at this point of the road is quite significant because it is a route from Jalan Pandanaran and towards the Central Java Regional Police, which passes Jalan Kyai Saleh—a transportation movement system of various types and characteristics of the traffic that occurs. The method used in this study is observation by collecting data as input at PTV Vissim, such as geometric data at intersections, vehicle routes, composition, vehicle volume, vehicle speed, and traffic time cycle using the Traffic Counting method at Bergota Intersections based on analysis of recorded results. The drone video then enumerates the traffic flow by counting the vehicles passing through the survey point. Modeling and simulation results using PTV Vissim in the existing conditions at 11:10-11:20 at the Bergota Intersection using vehicle volume data taken from the field show that the highest speed is 20.27 Km/hour on Jalan Minister Supeno. The lowest speed is 14.59 km/hour on Jalan Kyai Saleh Bergota. Modeling and simulation results using PTV Vissim in the existing conditions at 11.10-11.20 Simpang Bergota using vehicle volume data taken from the field show that the highest delay is 41.19 seconds on Jalan Kyai Saleh Bergota - Jalan Kyai Saleh Veteran. At the same time, the lowest delay is 5.59 seconds on Jalan Dr. Kariadi – Jalan Kyai Saleh Bergota.
{"title":"ANALISIS DAN SIMULASI KECEPATAN LALU-LINTAS PADA SIMPANG JALAN MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAT LUNAK PTV VISSIM STUDENT VERSION (STUDI KASUS: SIMPANG BERGOTA, KOTA SEMARANG)","authors":"Ryan Hasnan Harahap, Bambang Haryadi","doi":"10.53866/jimi.v3i3.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v3i3.249","url":null,"abstract":"One of the intersections that has a significant role in the city of Semarang is the Bergota Intersection. The level of traffic density and crowds at this point of the road is quite significant because it is a route from Jalan Pandanaran and towards the Central Java Regional Police, which passes Jalan Kyai Saleh—a transportation movement system of various types and characteristics of the traffic that occurs. The method used in this study is observation by collecting data as input at PTV Vissim, such as geometric data at intersections, vehicle routes, composition, vehicle volume, vehicle speed, and traffic time cycle using the Traffic Counting method at Bergota Intersections based on analysis of recorded results. The drone video then enumerates the traffic flow by counting the vehicles passing through the survey point. Modeling and simulation results using PTV Vissim in the existing conditions at 11:10-11:20 at the Bergota Intersection using vehicle volume data taken from the field show that the highest speed is 20.27 Km/hour on Jalan Minister Supeno. The lowest speed is 14.59 km/hour on Jalan Kyai Saleh Bergota. Modeling and simulation results using PTV Vissim in the existing conditions at 11.10-11.20 Simpang Bergota using vehicle volume data taken from the field show that the highest delay is 41.19 seconds on Jalan Kyai Saleh Bergota - Jalan Kyai Saleh Veteran. At the same time, the lowest delay is 5.59 seconds on Jalan Dr. Kariadi – Jalan Kyai Saleh Bergota.","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136037396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this writing is to find out the principle of freedom of religion in order to be able to realize a form of Islamic respect for other religions. The theory used in this research is a theory that views the implementation of religious freedom from the perspective of the Al-Qur'an in the interpretation of Al-Misbah Qs. Al-Baqarah Verse 256 and Hadith. This research is qualitative research with several interpretation methods, one of which is the Quraish Shihab interpretation method. The data in this research is through tolerance verses in the tafsir al-Misbah and hadith which explain tolerance starting from various explanations about the principles, attitudes or ethics of the Koran towards non-Muslims in terms of tolerance towards religious freedom. The results of this research show an understanding of the principle of freedom of religion. This is an illustration of religious communities implementing the principles of religious freedom, especially in Indonesia. Because basically freedom of religion is sunatullah, but when we have chosen a religion, then religious freedom is bound by the rules of that religion, and has been regulated by the state in the constitution. Meanwhile, respecting other religions, especially Islam towards other religions, is a must, even obligatory, because Islamic teachings allow its followers to collaborate with non-Muslims, as long as it does not involve matters of faith or at a theological level.
{"title":"ESTABLISHING RELIGIOUS FREEDOM: An Overview of the Quran and Hadith in the Indonesian Context (Study of Tafsir Qurais Shihab Qs. Al-Baqarah verse 256)","authors":"Sukrin Nurkamiden, Ida Hanifah, Waliko Waliko","doi":"10.53866/jimi.v3i3.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v3i3.399","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this writing is to find out the principle of freedom of religion in order to be able to realize a form of Islamic respect for other religions. The theory used in this research is a theory that views the implementation of religious freedom from the perspective of the Al-Qur'an in the interpretation of Al-Misbah Qs. Al-Baqarah Verse 256 and Hadith. This research is qualitative research with several interpretation methods, one of which is the Quraish Shihab interpretation method. The data in this research is through tolerance verses in the tafsir al-Misbah and hadith which explain tolerance starting from various explanations about the principles, attitudes or ethics of the Koran towards non-Muslims in terms of tolerance towards religious freedom. The results of this research show an understanding of the principle of freedom of religion. This is an illustration of religious communities implementing the principles of religious freedom, especially in Indonesia. Because basically freedom of religion is sunatullah, but when we have chosen a religion, then religious freedom is bound by the rules of that religion, and has been regulated by the state in the constitution. Meanwhile, respecting other religions, especially Islam towards other religions, is a must, even obligatory, because Islamic teachings allow its followers to collaborate with non-Muslims, as long as it does not involve matters of faith or at a theological level.","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136037389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Thoriq Musthofa Ahmad, Ida Susilowati, Khairul Munzilin, Dwi Ardiyanti
Israel and Palestine have been at war with one another for many years. Israel and Palestine believe they are entitled to the same area as a piece of the state's territory, so Israel keeps attacking Palestine. This research talks about Israel's aggression towards Palestine in 2022 and how those violations of international humanitarian law relate to that aggression. In armed conflict, humanitarian law has established mechanisms. In 2022, Israel engaged in several military operations in the Palestinian territory that cost the lives of troops and civilians.
{"title":"PELANGGARAN HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL DALAM AGRESI ISRAEL TERHADAP PALESTINA TAHUN 2022","authors":"S. Thoriq Musthofa Ahmad, Ida Susilowati, Khairul Munzilin, Dwi Ardiyanti","doi":"10.53866/jimi.v3i3.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v3i3.385","url":null,"abstract":"Israel and Palestine have been at war with one another for many years. Israel and Palestine believe they are entitled to the same area as a piece of the state's territory, so Israel keeps attacking Palestine. This research talks about Israel's aggression towards Palestine in 2022 and how those violations of international humanitarian law relate to that aggression. In armed conflict, humanitarian law has established mechanisms. In 2022, Israel engaged in several military operations in the Palestinian territory that cost the lives of troops and civilians.","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136243134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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