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THE IMPACT OF CONSUMER DECISIONS IN PURCHASING FOODS BASED ON PRICE, PRODUCT DESIGN, LOCATION, AND STORE ATMOSPHERE 基于价格、产品设计、位置和商店氛围的消费者购买食品决策的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.02.02
Totok Hendarto, Ermaini Ermaini, Endang Fatmawati, Widodo Ismanto, T. Wibowo, Chia-Han Tsai
In the world of business competition, entrepreneurs are demanded to be able to respond and act quickly to face increasingly fierce business competition within the scope of one location. Entrepreneurs are expected to be able to compete healthily and competitively to create the most exciting innovations to maintain their loyalty. Each entrepreneur will make every effort to influence the buyer's decision by consumers so that they are interested in the products they market. This explanatory research uses primary data collected from respondents to be processed through SPSS, data and statistical application. In this study, the objects are the relationship between price, product design, location, store atmosphere, and consumer decisions. The subject of this research is a Culinary Cafe located in Malang City. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, and the sample obtained is 100 respondents. The data analysis used is descriptive statistics, and multiple regression is used to test the hypothesis in this study. The results show that the variables of price, product design, and location significantly affect purchase decisions, while store atmosphere has no significant effect on purchase decisions. And from the simultaneous test results, the four independent variables together affect purchase decisions at Culinary Cafes in Malang City. Companies can use the implications of this research to make decisions to attract consumers to make purchases.
在商业竞争的世界里,企业家被要求能够在一个地点的范围内迅速应对和行动,以应对日益激烈的商业竞争。企业家被期望能够健康竞争,创造最令人兴奋的创新,以保持他们的忠诚度。每一位企业家都会尽一切努力影响消费者的决定,让他们对自己销售的产品感兴趣。这项解释性研究使用了从受访者那里收集的原始数据,通过SPSS、数据和统计应用程序进行处理。在本研究中,研究对象是价格、产品设计、地点、商店氛围和消费者决策之间的关系。本研究的主题是位于马朗市的一家烹饪咖啡馆。所使用的抽样技术是有目的的抽样,获得的样本是100名受访者。使用的数据分析是描述性统计,多元回归用于检验本研究中的假设。结果表明,价格、产品设计和地点等变量对购买决策有显著影响,而商店氛围对购买决策没有显著影响。从同时进行的测试结果来看,这四个自变量共同影响马朗市烹饪咖啡馆的购买决策。公司可以利用这项研究的影响来做出吸引消费者购买的决定。
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引用次数: 0
THE EFFECTS OF USER-GENERATED REVIEWS VERSUS INFLUENCER-GENERATED REVIEWS ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION 用户生成评论与网红生成评论对消费者购买意愿的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.02.10
Almira Vania Puspitasari, D. Aruan
As the use of mobile devices increases, social media and online reviews are increasingly important in the spread of WOM and play an important role in consumer decisions and the consumer journey. Companies can take advantage of online reviews in the form of User-Generated Reviews (UGR) and Influencer-Generated Reviews (IGR) to improve marketing strategies. This study aims to determine which online review is more effective between user-generated and influencer-generated reviews. The authors use experiments to examine how the type of online review (UGR vs IGR) influences consumers' perceptions of reviews and purchase intentions. This study predicts differences between the two online reviews influencing consumer purchase intentions. This research used an experimental design, and primary data collection was carried out with a web-based questionnaire. This study found that influencer-generated reviews were more effective in influencing purchase intentions. Interestingly, this is due to a process in which consumers assume IGR is more effortful to craft and subsequently equate this greater perceived effort with the credibility of the review and leading to more persuasive, in effect, purchase intention. Given the increasing use of mobile devices, social media, and the increasingly important online reviews (UGR and IGR) in the spread of WOM, this research contributes to understanding consumer decision-making processes and journeys when processing online reviews.
随着移动设备使用的增加,社交媒体和在线评论在口碑传播中越来越重要,在消费者决策和消费者旅程中发挥着重要作用。公司可以利用用户生成评论(UGR)和影响者生成评论(IGR)形式的在线评论来改进营销策略。本研究旨在确定哪种在线评论在用户生成评论和网红生成评论之间更有效。作者使用实验来检验在线评论的类型(UGR vs IGR)如何影响消费者对评论的看法和购买意愿。本研究预测了影响消费者购买意愿的两种在线评论之间的差异。本研究采用实验设计,主要数据收集采用基于网络的问卷调查。本研究发现,影响者产生的评论在影响购买意愿方面更有效。有趣的是,这是由于在这个过程中,消费者认为IGR更容易制作,随后将这种更大的感知努力与评论的可信度等同起来,从而导致更有说服力的购买意愿。鉴于移动设备、社交媒体的使用越来越多,以及在线评论(UGR和IGR)在口碑传播中的作用越来越重要,本研究有助于了解消费者在处理在线评论时的决策过程和旅程。
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引用次数: 0
THE EFFECT OF GREEN HUMAN RE-SOURCE MANAGEMENT (GHRM) PRAC-TICES ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF HIGHER EDUCATION MEDIATED BY KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 绿色人力资源管理实践对知识管理中介的高等教育竞争力的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.02.08
S. Sukardi, D. Djumarno, Anik Herminingsih, Kasmir Kasmir, C. Widayati, Zairil Zairil
In the global era, creating competitiveness is one of the key aspects of survival. This study aims to explain competitiveness in knowledge management-mediated green human resource management practices in Jakarta's private universities. This research is critical because green practices on campus are becoming essential due to the need for sustainable development and climate change mitigation. Furthermore, educational institutions should educate global citizens about sustainable development and provide relevant information concerning environmentally friendly practices. In this research, a total sample of 356 lecturers from 10 private tertiary institutions in Jakarta with B accreditation and more than 5,000 students. Purposive sampling was used in the sampling method to collect data, which was then analyzed using SEM-PLS. According to the study results, green human resource management has a direct and positive effect on competitiveness, while green human resource management has a direct positive impact on knowledge management. It can also be stated that knowledge management measurements' findings on competitiveness have a positive effect. Further research demonstrates a positive secondary impact of green human resource management through knowledge management on competitiveness. The results of this study may have negative effects on the campus's reputation as a green educational facility.
在全球化时代,创造竞争力是生存的关键方面之一。本研究旨在解释雅加达私立大学以知识管理为中介的绿色人力资源管理实践中的竞争力。这项研究至关重要,因为由于可持续发展和缓解气候变化的需要,校园的绿色实践变得至关重要。此外,教育机构应向全球公民宣传可持续发展,并提供有关环境友好做法的相关信息。在这项研究中,共有356名来自雅加达10所私立高等教育机构的讲师和5000多名学生参加了调查。在采样方法中使用目的性采样来收集数据,然后使用SEM-PLS对数据进行分析。研究结果表明,绿色人力资源管理对竞争力有直接的正向影响,而绿色人力资源治理对知识管理有直接的正影响。也可以说,知识管理测量结果对竞争力具有积极影响。进一步的研究表明,绿色人力资源管理通过知识管理对竞争力产生了积极的次要影响。这项研究的结果可能会对校园作为绿色教育设施的声誉产生负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
DO CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE LEADERSHIP AFFECT PRODUCT QUALITY? EVIDENCE FROM CULINARY MSMEs 创造性和创新性领导会影响产品质量吗?来自烹饪中小微企业的证据
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.02.14
Marianti Marianti, Rizka Nugraha Pratikna, Fernando Fernando, Cindy Keziea Muntu
The creative economy actors in Bandung City are dominated by culinary MSMEs. To survive in a competitive environment, culinary MSMEs owners need to have creativity and innovation to create quality products. Several researchers have found that leadership is an important factor in business development. Applying a creative and innovative leadership style is considered suitable for the culinary business because it can encourage creative and innovative behavior in the workplace, improve product quality, and meet customer expectations. This research aims to determine how creative and innovative leadership affects product quality (food, beverages, and services). This research also examines the direct impact of each aspect of creative and innovative leadership on product quality. The population of this research refers to the culinary MSMEs of Bandung City. The sampling technique used is the convenience sampling method. The sample used in this study was 102 respondents who were employees of various culinary MSMEs in Bandung City. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to test the proposed hypotheses. According to the findings of the data analysis, creative and innovative leadership has a positive impact on product quality. The dimension "inspiring creativity and innovation" has been shown to positively and significantly affect product quality. Based on the analysis results, creative and innovative leadership influences 41.4% of the quality of culinary products. This research also provides valuable recommendations for culinary business owners, especially in Bandung City, to support efforts to improve the quality of their products so they can compete in a competitive environment.
万隆市的创意经济参与者主要是烹饪中小微企业。为了在竞争激烈的环境中生存,烹饪中小微企业所有者需要有创造力和创新能力来创造高质量的产品。几位研究人员发现,领导力是企业发展的一个重要因素。应用创造性和创新的领导风格被认为适合烹饪业务,因为它可以鼓励工作场所的创造性和创新行为,提高产品质量,满足客户的期望。本研究旨在确定创造性和创新性领导如何影响产品质量(食品、饮料和服务)。本研究亦检视创意及创新领导对产品品质的各方面直接影响。本研究的人口是指万隆市烹饪中小微企业。所采用的抽样技术为方便抽样法。本研究中使用的样本是102名受访者,他们是万隆市各种烹饪中小企业的员工。采用多元线性回归分析对提出的假设进行检验。根据数据分析的结果,创造性和创新性领导对产品质量有积极的影响。“激发创造力和创新”维度对产品质量有显著的正向影响。根据分析结果,创意和创新领导力影响了41.4%的烹饪产品质量。这项研究还为烹饪企业主,特别是万隆市的企业主提供了宝贵的建议,以支持他们提高产品质量的努力,使他们能够在竞争激烈的环境中竞争。
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引用次数: 0
UNDERSTANDING FEMALE SEGMENTS BASED ON BENEFIT OF LOYALTY PROGRAM 根据忠诚度计划的好处了解女性细分市场
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.02.19
Yudi Sutarso, Larasati Ayu Sekarsari, Aniek Maschudah Ilfitiah, Laila Saleh Martha
Loyalty programs in banking need to look at the dynamics of female consumers, especially when digital businesses dominate marketing transactions. In the literature, segmentation studies are mostly carried out on retail services, airlines, and hotels, which are rare in banking, especially related to loyalty program services. Therefore, this study is expected to close the gap without a segmentation study in a banking context. This study aims to identify the female customer segment by assessing the bank's loyalty program and relating it to its perceived convenience, security, and reliability. The study employed the two most prominent banks in Indonesia, with 208 female customers as respondents. The purposive sampling method was used as a method of selecting samples. Data were reduced using factor analysis and categorized using cluster analysis. The main result identifies four factors underlying the benefits of loyalty programs: quality of communication, policy, rewards, and website quality. Three segments of loyalty program female consumers were identified: apathetic (25%), active (31%), and passive segments (44%). In further analysis, three segments of females were analyzed regarding the bank saving account's convenience, reliability, and security. Results confirm that all three segments were unique and distinguished one from another. This study's implication guides managing the types of female customers at the bank, especially loyalty programs.
银行业的忠诚度计划需要关注女性消费者的动态,尤其是当数字业务主导营销交易时。在文献中,细分研究主要针对零售服务、航空公司和酒店,这在银行业中很少见,尤其是与忠诚度计划服务相关的研究。因此,本研究有望在不进行银行业细分研究的情况下缩小差距。本研究旨在通过评估银行的忠诚度计划并将其与感知到的便利性、安全性和可靠性联系起来,确定女性客户群体。这项研究雇佣了印尼两家最著名的银行,共有208名女性客户作为受访者。有目的的抽样方法被用作选择样本的方法。使用因子分析减少数据,并使用聚类分析对数据进行分类。主要结果确定了忠诚度计划好处的四个因素:沟通质量、政策、奖励和网站质量。忠诚度计划中的女性消费者分为三个部分:冷漠(25%)、主动(31%)和被动(44%)。在进一步的分析中,从银行储蓄账户的便利性、可靠性和安全性三个方面对女性进行了分析。结果证实,这三个片段都是独特的,并且彼此不同。这项研究的意义指导了银行管理女性客户的类型,尤其是忠诚度计划。
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引用次数: 0
IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AT THE WORKPLACE: MEDIATED BY EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION 通过在工作场所使用社交媒体提高员工绩效:以员工敬业度和工作满意度为中介
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.02.09
Cindy Letitia Lysandra, N. Noermijati, D. Kurniawati
Employee performance will be more optimal if the employee combines it with social media. Moreover, social media platforms have various applications supporting employee performance, such as Zoom, Google Meetings, Skype, Telegram, and Whatsapp. Social media has fairly high accessibility, is easy to apply, and provides a variety of certain features that can support employees' work. For this reason, this study will examine the effect of social media on employee performance, mediated by employee engagement and job satisfaction. This research was conducted on educational employees at Brawijaya University Malang. Brawijaya University is one university that uses social media for its employees. Furthermore, the research data were analyzed using PLS (Partial Least Square) with the SEM (Structural Equation Model) approach. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, but in this study, it is not known for a certain number of employees who use social media, so researchers refer to determining the minimum sample size for the SEM model, which is 5-10 times the number of indicators. Based on these considerations, the respondents obtained a total of 122 employees with the status of State Civil Apparatus. The results of the PLS analysis show that social media has no significant effect on employee performance. Nonetheless, employee engagement and job satisfaction perfectly mediate the relationship between social media and employee performance. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that social media can improve the performance of educational employees at Brawijaya University Malang through the mediating role of employee engagement and job satisfaction.
如果员工将其与社交媒体相结合,员工的绩效会更优。此外,社交媒体平台有各种支持员工绩效的应用程序,如Zoom、谷歌Meetings、Skype、Telegram和Whatsapp。社交媒体具有相当高的可访问性,易于使用,并提供各种特定的功能,可以支持员工的工作。因此,本研究将考察社交媒体对员工绩效的影响,其中以员工敬业度和工作满意度为中介。本研究是在玛琅婆罗洲大学的教育员工中进行的。布拉维贾亚大学是一所为员工使用社交媒体的大学。此外,研究数据采用偏最小二乘法和结构方程模型(SEM)方法进行分析。使用的抽样技术是有目的的抽样,但在本研究中,并没有确定一定数量的员工使用社交媒体,因此研究人员参考了确定SEM模型的最小样本量,即指标数量的5-10倍。基于这些考虑,受访者获得了122名具有国家民用机构身份的雇员。PLS分析结果显示,社交媒体对员工绩效没有显著影响。然而,员工敬业度和工作满意度完美地调解了社交媒体与员工绩效之间的关系。基于本研究的结果,我们可以得出结论,社交媒体可以通过员工敬业度和工作满意度的中介作用提高玛琅布拉维贾亚大学教育员工的绩效。
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引用次数: 0
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SOCIAL INFORMAL LEARNING IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGH INVOLVEMENT HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICE AND LEARNING CLIMATE ON EMPLOYABILITY OF STARTUP COMPANY EMPLOYEES 社会非正式学习在高投入人力资源实践与学习氛围对创业公司员工就业能力关系中的中介作用
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.02.18
Dewi Sekar Ayu, F. Martdianty
Startup companies undergo many changes to deal with changing economic conditions and win the competition in the market. One of the factors that can increase company competitiveness is employability of the employee. This study combines organizational structural factors, namely the application of highly involved human resources and learning culture with employee factor namely social informal learning. The research aims to identify the factors that can enhance or hinder social informal learning and subsequently improve employee employability in startups. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants who met specific criteria relevant to the research objectives. Data from 290 employees of Indonesian startups analyzed using a structural equation model. The results showed that recognition, empowerment, competitive development, information sharing can enhance social informal learning and subsequently improve employee employability, while financial rewards can decrease social informal learning and employability. Companies that want to increase the practice of social informal learning can improve recognition practices, empowerment, competitive development, and informa­tion sharing.
创业公司经历了许多变化,以应对不断变化的经济条件,并赢得市场竞争。提高公司竞争力的因素之一是员工的就业能力。本研究将组织结构因素(即高度参与的人力资源和学习文化的应用)与员工因素(即社会非正式学习)相结合。这项研究旨在确定哪些因素可以增强或阻碍社会非正式学习,从而提高初创企业员工的就业能力。使用目的性抽样技术来选择符合与研究目标相关的特定标准的参与者。使用结构方程模型分析了来自印尼初创企业290名员工的数据。结果表明,认可、赋权、竞争发展、信息共享可以增强社会非正式学习,进而提高员工的就业能力,而经济奖励可以降低社会非正式学习和就业能力。想要增加社会非正式学习实践的公司可以改善认可实践、赋权、竞争发展和信息共享。
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引用次数: 0
THE MOTIVATION AND THEIR EFFECT ON TEACHER PERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATION ROLE OF WORK EXPERIENCE 动机及其对教师绩效的影响:工作经验的中介作用
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.02.12
Yuda Putra Wahyudi, A. Armanu, Nanang Suryadi
This study aims to analyze the effect of motivation on performance mediated by work experience. Teachers at State Junior High Schools are the population in this study. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method with 321 teachers as respondents. The technique used is Partial Least Square. The analysis results show that: Motivation has a significant positive effect on performance; Motivation has a significant positive impact on work experience; Work experience has a significant positive effect on performance; Work experience significantly mediates the effect of motivation on performance. The implication of this research is to have a suitable influence on motivation the public junior high school teachers in the Malang district should continue to be encouraged by using an approach to success expectations, value implications and potential costs of implementing professional development so that they always have motivation at work. Expectations of success, value implications, and potential costs of implementing professional development will be met. Teachers can play a role in terms of providing support. Teachers have more enthusiasm and encouragement in their work and can show performance. Work experience can also act as a mediating variable; principal collaboration and partnerships with out-of-school institutions are forged, and learning collaboration supports performance. Motivation provides encouragement and efforts to do work to contribute to new work experiences and individual performance towards organizational performance.
本研究旨在分析工作经验对激励对绩效的影响。州立初中的教师是本研究的对象。抽样技术采用目的抽样法,以321名教师为调查对象。使用的技术是偏最小二乘法。分析结果表明:激励对绩效有显著的正向影响;动机对工作体验有显著的正向影响;工作经验对绩效有显著的正向影响;工作经验显著中介动机对绩效的影响。本研究的启示是,为了适当地影响玛琅区公立初中教师的动机,应继续运用成功期望、价值蕴涵和实施专业发展的潜在成本的方法来鼓励他们,使他们在工作中始终具有动机。实现专业发展的成功预期、价值含义和潜在成本将得到满足。教师可以在提供支持方面发挥作用。教师在工作中有更多的热情和鼓励,可以展示自己的表现。工作经验也可以作为中介变量;与校外机构的校长协作和伙伴关系得以建立,学习协作支持绩效。动机是对工作的鼓励和努力,以促进新的工作经验和个人绩效对组织绩效的影响。
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引用次数: 0
ROLE OF PERCEIVED VALUE ON CUSTOM-ER LOYALTY THROUGH OPTIMIZATION OF SERVICE QUALITY AND INNOVATION 通过优化服务质量和创新研究感知价值对顾客忠诚度的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.02.03
H. Husin, Adya Hermawati, Y. Purbaningsih, S. Susriyanti, Sylvia Fettry, Shujahat Ali
Service providers must pay attention to customer satisfaction in their activities. They must focus on the quality of services provided and the need for innovation to increase customer value. It is important because service providers often pay little attention to the customer's perceived value in supporting service quality. The quantitative approach is used in this research. Data analysis is statistical and involves hypothesis tests. The survey is also conducted in which the data are obtained through a questionnaire. The object of research is service quality, innovation, perceived value, and customer loyalty. The research population is the customers of BPR Kedung Jaya Surabaya, with a sample of 100 respondents. The data collection instrument involves a questionnaire, documentation, and observation. The measurement scale is Likert Scale. The analysis technique in this research is a descriptive statistic and partial least square assisted by Smart PLS software. Results of the study show that: service quality has a significant effect on perceived value, innovation has a significant effect on perceived value, service quality has a significant effect on customer loyalty, innovation has a significant effect on customer loyalty, perceived value has a significant effect on customer loyalty, service quality significantly affects customer loyalty with the mediation of perceived value, and innovation significantly affects customer loyalty with the mediation of perceived value. This research implies that BPR Kedung Jaya Surabaya can use the results of this research as guidance to strengthen customer loyalty by examining all factors that influence research variables.
服务提供商必须在其活动中关注客户满意度。他们必须关注所提供服务的质量和提高客户价值的创新需求。这一点很重要,因为服务提供商通常很少关注客户在支持服务质量方面的感知价值。本研究采用定量方法。数据分析是统计学的,涉及假设检验。该调查还通过问卷调查获得数据。研究对象是服务质量、创新、感知价值和客户忠诚度。研究人群是BPR Kedung Jaya Surabaya的客户,样本为100名受访者。数据收集工具包括问卷、文件和观察。测量量表为Likert量表。本研究中的分析技术是一种描述性统计和偏最小二乘法,并辅以Smart PLS软件。研究结果表明:服务质量对感知价值具有显著影响,创新对感知价值有显著影响,服务质量对客户忠诚度有显著影响,服务质量通过感知价值中介显著影响客户忠诚度,创新通过感知价值介导显著影响客户忠诚。本研究表明,BPR Kedung Jaya Surabaya可以利用本研究的结果作为指导,通过检验影响研究变量的所有因素来加强客户忠诚度。
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引用次数: 0
THE EFFECT OF NON-PERFORMING LOANS AND LOAN DEPOSIT RATIOS ON STOCK RETURNS IS MEDIATED BY A PROFITABILITY STUDY ON COMMERCIAL BANKS LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE PERIOD 2016 - 2018 通过对2016 - 2018年在印度尼西亚证券交易所上市的商业银行的盈利能力研究,来中介不良贷款和贷款存款比率对股票回报的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.02.01
Y. Iskandar, S. Suharyanto, Achmad Zaki, Puri Setioningtyas Widhayani
Stock return is an indicator of banking performance in Indonesia. This study aims to empirically test non-performing loans and loan deposit ratios on stock returns mediated by return on assets at commercial banks listed on the Indonesian stock exchange in 2016-2018. The sample used in this study was 20 bank companies that met predetermined criteria. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using Path analysis to test the proposed hypothesis. The findings of this study indicate that non-performing loans and loan deposit ratios each have a significant effect on stock returns and are mediated by return on assets. Based on these findings, it is recommended that banking companies, in managing financial ratios, must run more optimally to maximize stock returns obtained by banks. Non-performing loan, loan deposit ratio is a bank's financial ratio to assess its performance. These financial ratios have a purpose to determine the bank's ability to optimize the level of lending to the public, generate profits from the activities carried out and reject the risks from its operational activities. For banking companies, the findings of this study can be used in policy-making related to the delivery of information on bank performance reports to investors.
股票回报率是印尼银行业表现的一个指标。本研究旨在实证检验2016-2018年在印尼证券交易所上市的商业银行的不良贷款和贷款存款率对股票回报的影响。本研究中使用的样本是20家符合预定标准的银行公司。然后使用路径分析对已经收集的数据进行分析,以检验所提出的假设。本研究的结果表明,不良贷款和贷款存款比率都对股票回报率有显著影响,并由资产回报率介导。基于这些发现,建议银行公司在管理财务比率时,必须更加优化地运营,以最大限度地提高银行获得的股票回报。不良贷款、贷存比是衡量银行财务状况的指标。这些财务比率的目的是确定银行优化向公众提供贷款的水平、从所开展的活动中产生利润以及抵御经营活动风险的能力。对于银行公司来说,这项研究的结果可以用于向投资者提供银行业绩报告信息的相关决策。
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