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THE EFFECT OF EFFORT-REWARD IMBALANCE ON TURNOVER INTENTION MEDIATED BY BURNOUT AND WORK STRESS IN CONTRACT NURSES 工作倦怠和工作压力对合同制护士离职意愿的影响
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.03.15
Kurniawaty Kurniawaty, Muhamad Risal Tawil
This paper is motivated by the increasing number of nurse turnover at Bahteramas Hospital over the past 3 years. This incident is caused by factors that cannot be explained. In addition, there are inconsistencies in the findings of previous studies in the effect of effort-reward imbalance on turnover intention where one researcher and another researcher did not reach the same conclusion. This study will examine the model of the effect of effort-reward imbalance on turnover intention by presenting burnout and work stress as mediation. Therefore, this study aims to develop a model to analyze the effect of effort-reward imbalance on turnover intention mediated by burnout and work stress. The study was conducted with a quantitative approach and descriptive design utilizing the conservation of resources (COR) theory paradigm which is proven to be able to overshadow all research constructs. The respondents of the study were contract nurses at the Bahteramas Regional General Hospital in Kendari City, while data collection was carried out with digital instruments in the form of a google form that was distributed and managed to collect a sample of 125 respondents using the Slovin formula which was drawn by simple random sampling. The measurement scale is an ordinal scale. The analysis techniques in this study are descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis with the help of AMOS software.The results of the study proved that mediating variables in the form of burnout and work stress were the main triggers that caused turnover intention in contract nurses at the Bahteramas Regional General Hospital in Kendari City. The implications of this study can be used by hospital management to reduce burnout and work stress of contract nurses so that the presence of turnover intention can be avoided.
本文的动机是越来越多的护士流动率在巴特拉玛斯医院在过去的3年。这一事件是由无法解释的因素造成的。此外,以往关于努力-报酬不平衡对离职倾向影响的研究结果也存在不一致的地方,研究者和其他研究者并没有得出相同的结论。本研究以职业倦怠和工作压力为中介,探讨努力报酬不平衡对离职倾向的影响模型。因此,本研究旨在建立一个模型,分析倦怠和工作压力介导的努力-报酬不平衡对离职倾向的影响。该研究采用定量方法和描述性设计,利用资源保护(COR)理论范式进行,该范式被证明能够掩盖所有研究结构。调查对象是肯达里市Bahteramas地区总医院的合同制护士,数据收集采用数字仪器,以谷歌表格的形式进行,并使用简单随机抽样得出的Slovin公式收集了125名调查对象的样本。测量尺度为序数尺度。本研究的分析技术是描述性统计和多元分析,并借助AMOS软件。研究结果证明,职业倦怠和工作压力是肯达里市Bahteramas地区总医院合同制护士离职意向的主要触发因素。本研究的启示可为医院管理提供参考,以降低合同制护士的职业倦怠和工作压力,从而避免离职倾向的存在。
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引用次数: 0
DOES DIGITAL MARKETING BASED ON BRAND IMAGE AND BRAND TRUST AFFECT PURCHASE DECISIONS IN THE FASHION INDUSTRY 4.0? 基于品牌形象和品牌信任的数字营销是否会影响时尚产业4.0中的购买决策?
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.03.01
Sayyidah Hafidhatul Ilmi, Eric Harianto, Riduan Mas’ud, Muhammad Azizurrohman
Factors forming purchasing decisions are important for companies to analyze to be sustainable in rapid technological developments. The rapid development of technology is followed by e-commerce in Indonesia, which results in increasingly fierce competition between competitors. This study aims to analyze and examine the impact of digital marketing on brand trust and brand image that influence the purchase decision of Mirrorplus.id products. Data collection uses quantitative methods by distributing question­naires to Mirrorplus.id consumers. The study was conducted from July 2021 to January 2022. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with sever­al criteria and 139 respondents. The data analysis technique used SEM-PLS with the help of SmartPLS 3.2.9. The results of the study yield several conclu­sions, namely, digital marketing has a significant and positive effect on brand image and brand trust, brand image does not have a significant but positive effect on purchasing decisions, and brand trust has a significant and positive effect on purchasing decisions. The implication that will be carried out is to carry out a market penetration and product development strategy. Market penetration can be done by adding promotion and marketing costs to Mirror­plus.id digital media. Some steps can be taken are collaborating with several influencers, where influencers can spread the Mirrorplus.id brand by explain­ing product functions and values.
形成采购决策的因素对于公司分析在快速的技术发展中是可持续的是重要的。随着科技的飞速发展,印尼的电子商务也随之发展起来,导致竞争对手之间的竞争越来越激烈。本研究旨在分析和检验数字营销对影响Mirrorplus购买决策的品牌信任和品牌形象的影响。产品id。通过向Mirrorplus发放问卷,采用定量方法收集数据。id的消费者。该研究于2021年7月至2022年1月进行。抽样技术采用几种标准和139名受访者的有目的抽样。数据分析技术采用SEM-PLS,使用SmartPLS 3.2.9。研究结果得出以下结论:数字营销对品牌形象和品牌信任有显著的正向影响,品牌形象对购买决策没有显著的正向影响,品牌信任对购买决策有显著的正向影响。这意味着将进行的是进行市场渗透和产品开发战略。市场渗透可以通过增加Mirror-plus的推广和营销成本来实现。数字媒体。可以采取的一些措施是与几个有影响力的人合作,有影响力的人可以传播Mirrorplus。通过解释产品的功能和价值来识别品牌。
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引用次数: 0
ISLAMIC SCHOOL IMAGE AND SERVICE QUALITY ON ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS: THE ROLE OF WORD OF MOUTH AS MEDIATION 伊斯兰学校形象与服务质量对伊斯兰小学的影响:口碑的中介作用
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.03.13
Hamzah Hamzah, Miftah Syarif, Astri Ayu Purwati, Sudarno Sudarno
In the current era, schools founded by private parties are increasing. Of course, it increases the competition between these private and public schools. Schools with international concepts, for example, have also become many choices for prospective students. Besides that, religion-based schools such as Christian, Buddhist, or Islamic schools are also an option now. For this reason, this study aimed to analyze the role of school Islamic image, service quality, and word of mouth on parents' decisions to choose private Islamic schools in Pekanbaru. This type of research is quantitative research. This study used 200 parents of grade 1 students at a private Islamic elementary school in Pekanbaru as samples, and the sampling technique used was simple random sampling. A structural equation model (SEM) with PLS is the data analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that Islamic school image has no significant influence on word of mouth, Islamic school image has no significant influence on parents' interest, Service quality has an impact on word of mouth, Service quality has an influence on parents' interest, Word of mouth can't mediate the relationship of Islamic school image on parent's interest, and Word of mouth can mediate the relationship service quality on parent's interest. Therefore, the Islamic idea does not motivate parents to choose their children's schools. Still, the service quality is the key to increasing their competitiveness against other private schools.
在当今时代,由民间团体创办的学校越来越多。当然,这也加剧了私立学校和公立学校之间的竞争。例如,具有国际理念的学校也成为未来学生的许多选择。除此之外,以宗教为基础的学校,如基督教、佛教或伊斯兰教学校现在也是一个选择。因此,本研究旨在分析学校伊斯兰形象、服务品质和口碑对家长选择北干巴鲁私立伊斯兰学校的影响。这种类型的研究是定量研究。本研究以北干巴鲁一所私立伊斯兰小学的200名一年级学生家长为样本,采用简单随机抽样的抽样方法。结构方程模型(SEM)与PLS是数据分析技术。本研究结果表明,伊斯兰学校形象对口碑没有显著影响,伊斯兰学校形象对家长兴趣没有显著影响,服务质量对口碑有影响,服务质量对家长兴趣有影响,口碑不能中介伊斯兰学校形象对家长兴趣的关系,而口碑可以中介关系服务质量对家长兴趣的关系。因此,伊斯兰教的理念并不能激励父母为孩子选择学校。然而,服务质量是提高与其他私立学校竞争力的关键。
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引用次数: 0
SYSTEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTENTION MODEL, FAMILY BACKGROUND, AND PRIOR ENTREPRENEURIAL EXPERIENCE ON STUDENTS’ ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION 系统创业意向模型、家庭背景、创业经历对大学生创业意向的影响
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.03.07
Suhermin Suhermin, Okto Aditya Suryawirawan, Abdul Talib Bon
Countless businesses had to close permanently, and workers had to be laid off during Covid-19 pandemic, thus the emergence of entrepreneurs is crucial for Indonesia's economic recovery. This study aims to analyze further the extended systemic entrepreneurship intention model and its impact on students in Surabaya. Purposive sampling was used toward 205 students. Results were analyzed using partial least square through SmartPLS. Reciprocal relationships among all the antecedent variables of entrepreneurial intention were found to be positive and significant. Regarding the impact of the antecedent variables of entrepreneurial intention such as perceived convenience, risk tolerance, perceived feasibility and attitude, only perceived feasibility was found to have no effect on entrepreneurial intention. There are no differences in entrepreneurial intention among students with or without entrepreneurial family backgrounds. There are no differences in entrepreneurial intention among students with or without prior entrepreneurial experience. This study provides implication towards students’ entrepreneurial intention during covid-19 pandemic and the robustness of systemic entrepreneurship intention model in predicting it.
在新冠疫情期间,无数企业不得不永久关闭,工人不得不下岗,因此企业家的出现对印度尼西亚的经济复苏至关重要。本研究旨在进一步分析扩展系统创业意愿模型及其对泗水学生的影响。对205名学生进行有目的抽样。通过SmartPLS对结果进行偏最小二乘法分析。创业意向的前因变量之间呈显著正相关。在感知便利度、风险承受能力、感知可行性和态度等创业意向前因变量的影响中,发现只有感知可行性对创业意向没有影响。有创业家庭背景和没有创业家庭背景的大学生创业意向没有差异。有或没有创业经历的大学生在创业意向上没有差异。本研究对covid-19大流行期间学生创业意向及其系统创业意向模型预测的稳健性提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
THE NAHDLIYAH SPIRITUAL VALUE PERSPECTIVE IN ANALYZING THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MSME nahdliyah精神价值视角在分析中小微企业财务绩效中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.03.06
Bedjo Santoso, Hendar Hendar, Zaenudin Zaenudin, Razali Bin Haron
The most researches related to the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) community business performance is just focus on the role of entrepreneur, ICT, e-commerce, marketing, and other common variables that have ignored the important concept which initiated from the main value of the NU’s movement philosophy. It is therefore, this study aimed to analyses the role of Nahdliyah spiritual value (NSV) to NU’s busines performance. NSV considered as new concept synthesized by combining resource advantage on competition theory (RACT) and social identity theory (SIT) inserted by Nahdliyin value concept. The object of this research is the NU business community members of the NU Entrepreneurs Association (HPN). This study used a quantitative method with purposive sampling to select 350 MSMEs (UMKM) under HPN in Central Java and tested the regressive relationship of 6 variables with SEM PLS 4.0. The findings show that digital marketing capabilities, ICT, and entrepreneurial spirit are the factors that most support the existence of NSV. Besides that, NSV plays a role in mediating the relationship between these three factors to financial performance in an MSME. This study fulfils the theoretical gaps and produces new perspectives into the spiritual value concept of resource advantage theory on the competition by inserting spiritual values implemented in MSMEs based on spiritual community businesses. This research contributes to the development of a new concept of NSV. The study also covered the research gap related to the relationship between the variables involved.
关于NU社区经营绩效的研究大多只关注企业家、信息通信技术、电子商务、市场营销等常见变量的作用,而忽略了NU运动理念的主要价值所引发的重要概念。因此,本研究旨在分析Nahdliyah精神价值(NSV)对NU经营绩效的作用。非NSV被认为是由Nahdliyin价值观插入的资源竞争优势理论(RACT)和社会认同理论(SIT)相结合而合成的新概念。本研究的对象是北大企业家协会(HPN)的工商社团成员。本研究采用目的抽样的定量方法,选取中爪哇地区HPN下的350家中小微企业(UMKM),用SEM PLS 4.0检验6个变量的回归关系。研究结果表明,数字营销能力、信息通信技术和企业家精神是最支持非NSV存在的因素。此外,非NSV在这三个因素对中小微企业财务绩效的关系中起中介作用。本研究通过插入基于精神社区企业的中小微企业实施的精神价值,填补了资源优势竞争理论的精神价值概念的理论空白,并为其提供了新的视角。本研究有助于形成一种新的非成音节元音概念。该研究还涵盖了与所涉及变量之间关系相关的研究差距。
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引用次数: 0
EXPLORING THE MINDSET TO BECOME AN ENTREPRENEUR 探索成为企业家的心态
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.03.05
Denny Bernardus, Imanuel Deny Krisna Aji, Liestya Padmawidjaja, Fulgentius Danardana Murwani, Imanuel Hitipeuw, Stefan Yudana Jatiperwira
Universitas Ciputra Surabaya is one of the universities that strongly supports its students to become excellent entrepreneurs by providing entrepreneurship curriculum and real business practice experiences. An entrepreneurial mindset is required to achieve this goal. This research aims to elaborate on the dimensions of entrepreneurial mindset based on previous research findings. Adopting a mixed-method approach on undergraduate students who have taken entrepreneurship courses. Data analysis was conducted through semi-structured interviews and confirmatory factor analysis to test the dimensions of entrepreneurial thinking generated from qualitative research. These were then tested on 100 students enrolled in entrepreneurship courses. The research results indicate two dimensions of entrepreneurial mindset: elaborating mindset with indicators of consideration, planning, and information seeking, and implementing mindset with indicators of action and evaluation. The confirmatory factor analysis results show that the elaborating mindset is focused on planning, such as planning/strategies for starting a business and when to start a business, while the implementing mindset is focused on evaluation, such as always seeing opportunities and measuring these opportunities in starting one's own business. For universities that provide entrepreneurship education, students need to be given materials on creating business plans and evaluating the businesses they are running.
泗水Ciputra大学是通过提供创业课程和真实的商业实践经验,大力支持学生成为优秀企业家的大学之一。实现这一目标需要企业家的心态。本研究的目的是在前人研究成果的基础上,对创业心态的维度进行阐述。对修过创业课程的本科生采取混合方法。通过半结构化访谈和验证性因子分析进行数据分析,对定性研究产生的创业思维维度进行检验。然后对100名参加创业课程的学生进行了测试。研究结果表明,创业心态具有两个维度:以考虑、规划和信息寻求为指标的精细化心态和以行动和评价为指标的实施心态。验证性因子分析结果显示,精细化思维侧重于规划,如创业的规划/策略、何时创业等;实施思维侧重于评估,如创业中总能看到机会并衡量这些机会。对于提供创业教育的大学来说,学生需要获得有关制定商业计划和评估他们正在经营的企业的材料。
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引用次数: 0
THE INFLUENCE OF AWARENESS, TRIAL, PREFERENCE, DEVOTION, AND FANATICISM ON THE REPURCHASE INTENTION OF INDOMIE PRODUCTS 认知、试用、偏好、投入、狂热对自制产品再购买意愿的影响
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.03.12
Dari Aulia Qital, Jono M. Munandar, Muhammad Nur Aidi
The purpose of this study is to analyze the level and influence of awareness, trial, preference, devotion and fanaticism of Indomie customers in Jabodetabek. The research was carried out using an online questionnaire given to respondents who were consumers of Indomie products in Jabodetabek. Based on the descriptive analysis of Indomie consumers in Jabodetabek, the level of awareness is very good, the level of trial is good, the level of preference is good, the level of devotion and fanaticism tends to be quite good. As for purchase intention, purchase decision and repurchase intention, they are included in the fairly good criteria. Judging from the results of the hypothesis testing, it is known that The results indicate that awareness significantly influences both purchase intention and purchase decision. Similarly, trial positively impacts purchase intention and purchase decision. Furthermore, preference has a significant effect on purchase intentions but not on purchase decisions. The findings also reveal that preference does significantly affect repurchase intention. Devotion significantly influences the repurchase decision. But contrary to expectations, devotion does not affect repurchase intentions. Similarly, fanaticism has no significant effect on purchase decisions. Lastly, the study confirms that fanaticism influences repurchase intention, purchase intention influences purchase decision, and purchase decision positively affects repurchase intention. That highlights the importance of the initial purchase decision in shaping future repeat purchases.
本研究的目的是分析Jabodetabek Indomie顾客的认知、尝试、偏好、奉献和狂热程度及其影响。这项研究是通过在线问卷进行的,受访者是Jabodetabek Indomie产品的消费者。基于对Jabodetabek Indomie消费者的描述性分析,认知度水平非常好,试用度水平较好,偏好度水平较好,奉献度和狂热度水平趋于相当好。至于购买意愿、购买决策和回购意愿,它们被纳入了相当好的标准。从假设检验的结果来看,我们知道,结果表明意识对购买意愿和购买决策都有显著的影响。同样,试用对购买意愿和购买决策有正向影响。此外,偏好对购买意愿有显著影响,但对购买决策没有显著影响。研究结果还显示,偏好对回购意愿有显著影响。忠诚对回购决策有显著影响。但与预期相反,奉献并不影响再购买意愿。同样,狂热对购买决策也没有显著影响。最后,研究证实了狂热度影响再购买意愿,购买意愿影响购买决策,购买决策正向影响再购买意愿。这凸显了最初的购买决定对未来重复购买的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
A DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGY USING SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING TO INCREASE CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISIONS MEDIATED BY BRAND PERCEPTION 一种利用社交媒体营销增加消费者购买决策的数字营销策略
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.03.18
Sufrin Hannan, Santi Piramita, Jan Horas Vervady Purba
Improving customer impressions of non-subsidized mortgages is one of the challenges facing banks today, and the use of digital marketing media has become necessary to win the competition. This study attempts to examine the roles of brand perception in mediating the interactions between social media marketing and customer purchase decisions in the non-subsidized mortgage setting since consumer perception is still a problem in non-subsidized mortgages in Indonesia. Three hundred twenty participants from non-subsidized mortgage debtors who have had new credit agreements for more than three months and who follow Bank XYZ on Instagram were used in this study. PLS-SEM, or partial least square structural equation modeling, was used in this study's data analysis. According to the findings, brand perception significantly and positively mediates the influence of social media marketing on customer purchasing decisions. The study's findings suggest that Bank XYZ has to improve its social media marketing approach, focusing on producing engaging, interactive, and educational content for users. Building a brand relationship with customers is extremely important for improving brand perception. Consumers will find it simpler to use a mortgage at Bank XYZ because of the perception connected to their minds.
提高客户对非补贴抵押贷款的印象是当今银行面临的挑战之一,使用数字营销媒体已成为赢得竞争的必要条件。本研究试图检验品牌感知在调解社交媒体营销与非补贴抵押贷款中客户购买决策之间的相互作用中的作用,因为消费者感知仍然是印度尼西亚非补贴抵押贷款中的一个问题。这项研究使用了320名来自无补贴抵押贷款债务人的参与者,他们有新的信贷协议超过三个月,并在Instagram上关注了XYZ银行。PLS-SEM,即偏最小二乘结构方程模型,用于本研究的数据分析。研究发现,品牌认知显著正向中介社交媒体营销对消费者购买决策的影响。研究结果表明,XYZ银行必须改进其社交媒体营销方法,专注于为用户提供有吸引力、互动性和教育性的内容。与客户建立品牌关系对于提高品牌认知度非常重要。消费者会发现在XYZ银行使用抵押贷款更简单,因为这种感知与他们的大脑相连。
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引用次数: 0
THE FORMAL SECTOR LABOR PERFORMANCE UNDER THE SHADOW OF JOB AUTOMATION 在工作自动化的阴影下,正规部门的劳动绩效
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.03.04
Reny Andriyanty, Syamsul Bachri, Delila Rambe, Abdul Halim Abdul Majid
Data on formal sector employment in DKI Jakarta shows a significant and negative relationship between investment and employment. Now, industries are more capital-intensive and prefer to implement automation, IoT robotics, and artificial intelligence. The purpose of this study was to build a model of the relationship between character, work ability, organizational commitment, and organizational culture as they relate to the performance of formal sector employees. The research method was descriptive quantitative. The sampling technique was non-probability sampling. Samples were determined by accidental sampling and were collected from 151 respondents who were formal sector employees of DKI Jakarta. Structural Equation Model applied in data processing. The results of the research indicated that Character factor and workability have a significant direct influence on employee performance on formal sector employees in DKI Jakarta. Only the organizational commitment factor is not significantly correlated directly to performance. Indirect relationship analysis states that organizational culture through organizational commitment correlates with character and workability factors which ultimately have an impact on performance. The implication of this research shows that the creativity factor and environmentally friendly work behavior need to be improved by employees.
雅加达DKI的正式部门就业数据显示,投资与就业之间存在显著的负相关关系。现在,行业更加资本密集,更喜欢实施自动化、物联网机器人和人工智能。摘要本研究的目的在于建立人格特质、工作能力、组织承诺、组织文化与正式部门员工绩效之间的关系模型。研究方法为描述性定量方法。抽样技术为非概率抽样。样本是通过偶然抽样确定的,并从雅加达DKI正式部门雇员的151名受访者中收集。结构方程模型在数据处理中的应用。研究结果表明,性格因素和可操作性对雅加达DKI正规部门员工的绩效有显著的直接影响。只有组织承诺因素与绩效不直接显著相关。间接关系分析表明,组织文化通过组织承诺与性格和可操作性因素相关,最终对绩效产生影响。本研究的启示表明,员工的创造力因素和环境友好型工作行为需要改进。
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引用次数: 0
EXAMINING PURCHASE INTENTION OF PRIVATE-LABEL BRANDS: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF BRAND CATEGORY 检视自有品牌购买意愿:品牌品类的调节作用
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.03.20
Effly Juvita Andarini, Yeshika Alversia
Private label is seen as a way to maintain profits, encourage consumption, and as a form of CSR for retail companies when empowering local small businesses. In its development, private labels have evolved into brands that pay attention to value and sustainability. A brand category in Indonesia involves SMEs as product suppliers for PLB. This study examines the influence of factors related to the store on the perception of private-label products produced by SMEs. This study collects online data from 441 Indonesian respondents who are Alfamart and Indomaret customers aged 18 or above and have shopped in the last 3 (three) months, using the non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique. The collected data were tested using SEM Partial Least Squares analysis. The results reflect that store loyalty and brand image have a significant positive impact on attitudes toward buying private labels. In contrast, store loyalty and price consciousness have the least significant positive impact. On the other hand, perceived risk was was found to have a significant negative effect. The Brand Category was found to be moderating in Store Loyalty and Brand Image antecedent variables. This study is expected to be useful for academics and marketing practitioners by expanding private-label studies, especially in relation to SMEs as producers. Moreover, retailers can consider involving more SMEs in their private-label business, which will positively impact society.
自有品牌被视为维持利润、鼓励消费的一种方式,也是零售公司在赋予当地小企业权力时履行企业社会责任的一种形式。在其发展过程中,自有品牌已经演变为注重价值和可持续性的品牌。印度尼西亚的一个品牌类别涉及中小企业作为PLB的产品供应商。本研究探讨与店铺相关的因素对中小企业自有品牌产品认知的影响。本研究收集了441名印度尼西亚受访者的在线数据,这些受访者是18岁或以上的Alfamart和Indomaret客户,并在过去3(3)个月内购物,采用非概率抽样方法和有目的抽样技术。对收集的数据进行扫描电镜偏最小二乘分析。结果显示,店铺忠诚度和品牌形象对消费者购买自有品牌的态度有显著的正向影响。相比之下,门店忠诚度和价格意识对消费者的正向影响最不显著。另一方面,感知风险被发现有显著的负面影响。品牌类别对店铺忠诚度和品牌形象前因变量有调节作用。这项研究预计将通过扩大私人品牌研究,特别是与作为生产者的中小企业有关的研究,对学者和营销从业人员有用。此外,零售商可以考虑让更多的中小企业参与其自有品牌业务,这将对社会产生积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
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