Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology最新文献

英文中文

Association between family environment and emergence delirium in pediatric patients after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: an observational prospective study 儿童扁桃体和腺样体切除术后家庭环境与出现性谵妄的关系：一项观察性前瞻性研究。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 ANESTHESIOLOGY

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844676

Yubo Gao , Huihui Pei , Zhendong Liu, Yunfeng Bai, Jun Liu, Xinli Ni

Background

Preoperative anxiety in children is a known risk factor for Emergence Delirium (ED). The family environment may indirectly influence ED by modulating anxiety levels, but its direct role in ED remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the associations between the occurrence of ED and family environmental factors in children. Identifying such associations may support the use of preoperative screening and targeted interventions to reduce ED risk.

Methods

In this prospective observational study, 334 children (3∼7 years) undergoing elective tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy were assessed. Preoperative visits recorded clinical data and used the Chinese Family Environment Scale (FES-CV) and State/Trait Anxiety Inventories (parental anxiety). Preoperative child anxiety was measured via modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS). ED was assessed postoperatively in PACU using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale (PAED ≥ 10).

Results

ED incidence was 21.9%. No significant association existed between overall home environment and ED. However, achievement orientation (FES-CV) negatively correlated with the m-YPAS score (m-YPAS; r = -0.139, p = 0.011). Independent ED risk factors identified: younger age (OR = 0.949, 95% CI 0.912∼0.988), introverted personality (OR = 0.393, 95% CI 0.184∼0.843), and higher postoperative pain (FLACC score; OR = 1.885, 95% CI 1.610∼2.208).

Conclusion

While no direct link between home environment and ED was found, the negative correlation between achievement orientation and preoperative anxiety suggests an indirect influence. Identifying high-risk children using factors like age, personality, and pain levels remains important for ED prevention.

背景：儿童术前焦虑是紧急谵妄（ED）的已知危险因素。家庭环境可能通过调节焦虑水平间接影响ED，但其在ED中的直接作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨儿童ED的发生与家庭环境因素的关系。确定这些关联可能有助于术前筛查和有针对性的干预措施降低ED风险。方法：在这项前瞻性观察研究中，对334名接受选择性扁桃体切除术/腺样体切除术的儿童（3 ~ 7岁）进行了评估。术前访问记录临床资料，并使用中国家庭环境量表（FES-CV）和状态/特质焦虑量表（父母焦虑）。采用改良的耶鲁术前焦虑量表（m-YPAS）测量患儿术前焦虑。PACU患者术后采用小儿麻醉紧急谵妄评分（PAED≥10）评估ED。结果：ED发生率为21.9%。整体家庭环境与ED之间不存在显著相关，而成就取向（FES-CV）与m-YPAS得分呈负相关（m-YPAS; r = -0.139,p = 0.011）。确定的独立ED危险因素：年龄较小（OR = 0.949,95% CI 0.912 ~ 0.988）、性格内向（OR = 0.393,95% CI 0.184 ~ 0.843）、术后疼痛程度较高（FLACC评分；OR = 1.885,95% CI 1.610 ~ 2.208）。结论：家庭环境与ED无直接关系，但成就取向与术前焦虑呈负相关，提示有间接影响。通过年龄、性格和疼痛程度等因素来识别高危儿童对于预防ED仍然很重要。

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引用次数: 0

Beneath the surface: the emerging concern of covert stroke in surgery 表面之下：手术中隐蔽性中风的新关注

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 ANESTHESIOLOGY

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844669

Adrian W. Gelb , Bruna Bastiani , Cristiane Tavares

引用次数: 0

Thoracic wall blocks in cardiac and thoracic procedures: expanding frontiers for perioperative regional analgesia 胸壁阻滞在心脏和胸部手术：扩大围手术期局部镇痛的前沿。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 ANESTHESIOLOGY

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844670

Marcello Fonseca Salgado-Filho , Luiz Guilherme Villares da Costa , Eric Benedet Lineburger , Bruno Francisco de Freitas Tonelotto

引用次数: 0

The use of ketamine on emergence agitation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis 氯胺酮治疗儿童突发性躁动：一项系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 ANESTHESIOLOGY

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844675

Ka Ting Ng , Jun Chuen Hui , Wan Yi Teoh , Ina Ismiarti Shariffuddin , Mohd Fitry Zainal Abidin

Background

Ketamine is believed to reduce the incidence of emergence agitation in children after surgery. However, recent studies reported contradictory findings. Thus, the primary objective of this review and meta-analysis was to investigate the use of ketamine in the reduction of emergence agitation in children undergoing surgery or procedure.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched from their inception date until March 2024. Randomized controlled trials comparing intravenous ketamine and placebo in children were sought. Observational studies, editorial letters or case reports were excluded.

Results

Seventeen studies (1515 patients) were included. Children who received ketamine were reported to have a significantly lower incidence of emergence agitation (OR = 0.27, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.16 to 0.45, p < 0.00001, I² = 61%, certainty of evidence: very low). As compared to placebo, the ketamine group had a significantly lower postoperative pain score (MD = -2.28, 95% Confidence Interval -3.68 to -0.87, p = 0.001, I² = 91%, certainty of evidence: very low). However, no significant differences were observed in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, desaturation, and laryngospasm.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis highlights the potential benefits of ketamine in the reduction of emergence agitation in children undergoing surgery or diagnostic procedures. However, high degrees of heterogeneity and low certainty of evidence limit the recommendations of the routine use of ketamine in the prevention of emergence agitation in children. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are warranted before routine use can be recommended.

PROSPERO registration

CRD42024523680.

背景：氯胺酮被认为可以减少手术后儿童出现躁动的发生率。然而，最近的研究报告了相互矛盾的结果。因此，本综述和荟萃分析的主要目的是调查氯胺酮在减少接受手术或手术的儿童出现躁动中的应用。方法：系统检索MEDLINE、EMBASE和CENTRAL自建立之日起至2024年3月。随机对照试验比较儿童静脉注射氯胺酮和安慰剂。观察性研究、社论或病例报告被排除在外。结果：纳入17项研究（1515例患者）。据报道，接受氯胺酮治疗的儿童出现性躁动的发生率显著降低（OR = 0.27,95%可信区间：0.16 ~ 0.45,p < 0.00001, I2 = 61%，证据确定性极低）。与安慰剂组相比，氯胺酮组术后疼痛评分明显降低（MD = -2.28,95%可信区间-3.68 ~ -0.87,p = 0.001,I2 = 91%，证据确定性极低）。然而，术后恶心、呕吐、去饱和和喉痉挛的发生率没有显著差异。结论：本荟萃分析强调了氯胺酮在减少接受手术或诊断程序的儿童出现躁动方面的潜在益处。然而，证据的高度异质性和低确定性限制了氯胺酮在预防儿童出现性躁动中的常规使用。在推荐常规使用之前，需要进一步进行高质量的随机对照试验。普洛斯彼罗注册：CRD42024523680。

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引用次数: 0

An anesthetic perspective on transoperative complications in open versus robot-assisted radical cystectomy: a five-year retrospective study 麻醉对开放式与机器人辅助根治性膀胱切除术并发症的影响：一项为期五年的回顾性研究。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 ANESTHESIOLOGY

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844674

Sérgio Luiz do Logar Mattos , Ronaldo Damião , Fabrício Borges Carrerette , Aretha Paes de Lima Carneiro , Ian Maia Fontes

Background

Radical cystectomy remains the standard treatment for invasive bladder cancer, yet it carries significant anesthetic risks. While robot-assisted surgery has gained popularity, data comparing its anesthetic implications to those of open surgery are limited. This study aimed to compare the incidence of transoperative complications between the two techniques.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 44 patients who underwent open (n = 29) or robot-assisted (n = 15) radical cystectomy in a university hospital between 2019 and 2024. Data were collected on American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, ventilatory complications, additional postoperative opioid requirements, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, and total length of hospital stay. Correlations between blood loss, transfusion requirements, and hemodynamic variables were evaluated.

Results

The robotic cystectomy group experienced less intraoperative bleeding (mean of 410 ± 185 mL vs. 662.5 ± 210 mL; p = 0.002), but no significant reduction in transfusion requirements (95% CI not reported; p = 0.110) despite a strong correlation between bleeding volume and need for transfusion (r = 0.78; p < 0.001). Opioid consumption was significantly higher in the open cystectomy group (75.9% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in intraoperative hypotension, vasoactive drug use, ventilatory complications, in-hospital mortality, ICU stay, or total hospital stay (p > 0.05 for all). However, the small sample size limits the precision of these estimates.

Conclusion

While robot-assisted radical cystectomy was associated with reduced blood loss and lower additional postoperative opioid use, our small retrospective sample did not identify significant differences in intraoperative hemodynamic parameters or major complications. The surgical technique had no impact on in-hospital mortality.

背景：根治性膀胱切除术仍然是侵袭性膀胱癌的标准治疗方法，但它具有显著的麻醉风险。虽然机器人辅助手术越来越受欢迎，但将其麻醉意义与开放手术进行比较的数据有限。本研究旨在比较两种技术的手术并发症发生率。方法：我们回顾性分析了2019年至2024年间在某大学医院接受开放（n = 29）或机器人辅助（n = 15）根治性膀胱切除术的44例患者。收集的数据包括美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）的身体状况、术中血流动力学参数、通气并发症、术后额外阿片类药物需求、重症监护病房（ICU）住院时间和总住院时间。评估失血量、输血需求和血流动力学变量之间的相关性。结果：机器人膀胱切除术组术中出血较少（平均为410±185 mL vs. 662.5±210 mL; p = 0.002），但输血需要量没有显著减少（95% CI未报道；p = 0.110），尽管出血量和输血需要量之间存在很强的相关性（r = 0.78;p < 0.001）。开腹膀胱切除术组阿片类药物的消耗明显更高（75.9% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.004）。术中低血压、血管活性药物使用、通气并发症、院内死亡率、ICU住院时间、总住院时间等方面差异均无统计学意义（p < 0.05）。然而，小样本量限制了这些估计的精度。结论：虽然机器人辅助根治性膀胱切除术与减少失血量和减少术后额外阿片类药物使用相关，但我们的小型回顾性样本未发现术中血流动力学参数或主要并发症的显着差异。手术技术对住院死亡率无影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine on sensory block duration in spinal anesthesia for lower limb surgery: a randomized controlled trial 静脉注射右美托咪定对下肢手术脊髓麻醉感觉阻滞持续时间的影响：一项随机对照试验。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 ANESTHESIOLOGY

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844672

Simran Chahal, Anju R. Bhalotra, Rahil Singh, Shweta Dhiman, Snigdha Singh

Study objective

To study the effect of Intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine during spinal anesthesia on duration of sensory block and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery.

Design

Prospective randomized double blind controlled trial.

Intervention

Patients in intervention (DX) group received 0.5 mcg.kg^-1 IV dexmedetomidine over 10 min. Spinal anesthesia was administered and an infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg.kg^-1.h^-1 was given throughout surgery.

Measurements

Onset time of sensory and motor block, maximum height of sensory block and duration of sensory and motor block were assessed. Intraoperative Heart Rate (HR), Blood Pressure (BP), Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂), sedation scores, postoperative pain scores, time to requirement of first analgesic and analgesic consumption over first 24h were noted.

Results

Data of 58 ASA I/II adults was analyzed. Duration of sensory block, defined as time to two-dermatome regression, was 137.03 ± 25.02 min in DX group and 79.45 ± 11.27 min in the NS group (p = 0.000). Onset of sensory and motor block and maximum height of sensory block were similar. Postoperative VAS scores were lower in the DX group at 4h and 24h (p = 0.001, p 0.0001) and comparable at 0h, 8h and 12h. Time to requirement of postoperative analgesia was longer in the DX group (p < 0.001) and requirement of postoperative analgesics was higher in the NS group. Sedation scores and incidence of bradycardia were higher in the DX group, but hypotension was similar.

Conclusion

IV dexmedetomidine (0.5 mcg.kg^-1 followed by 0.5 mcg.kg^-1.h^-1) resulted in extended sensory and motor block, prolonged postoperative analgesia and reduced postoperative analgesic consumption with minimal side effects.

研究目的：探讨脊髓麻醉时静脉注射右美托咪定对下肢骨科手术患者感觉阻滞持续时间及术后镇痛的影响。设计：前瞻性随机双盲对照试验。干预：干预（DX）组患者口服0.5 mcg。右美托咪定静脉注射超过10分钟。术中给予脊髓麻醉，并输注右美托咪定0.5 mg .kg-1.h-1。测量方法：评估感觉和运动阻滞发生时间、感觉阻滞最大高度、感觉和运动阻滞持续时间。记录术中心率（HR）、血压（BP）、外周血氧饱和度（SpO2）、镇静评分、术后疼痛评分、首次使用镇痛药所需时间及24小时内镇痛药消耗情况。结果：对58例ASA I/II型成人的资料进行分析。DX组感觉阻滞持续时间为137.03±25.02 min， NS组感觉阻滞持续时间为79.45±11.27 min （p = 0.000）。感觉阻滞和运动阻滞的发生时间和最大阻滞高度相似。DX组术后VAS评分在4h和24h较低（p = 0.001,p 0.0001），在0h、8h和12h比较。DX组到术后需要镇痛的时间较长（p < 0.001）， NS组术后需要镇痛药的时间较高。DX组镇静评分和心动过缓发生率较高，但低血压相似。结论：静脉注射右美托咪定（0.5 mcg）。Kg-1和0.5 mg （Kg-1 .h-1）可延长感觉和运动阻滞，延长术后镇痛时间，减少术后镇痛用量，副作用最小。

{"title":"Effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine on sensory block duration in spinal anesthesia for lower limb surgery: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Simran Chahal, Anju R. Bhalotra, Rahil Singh, Shweta Dhiman, Snigdha Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study objective</h3><div>To study the effect of Intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine during spinal anesthesia on duration of sensory block and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective randomized double blind controlled trial.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>Patients in intervention (DX) group received 0.5 mcg.kg<sup>-1</sup> IV dexmedetomidine over 10 min. Spinal anesthesia was administered and an infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg.kg<sup>-1</sup>.h<sup>-1</sup> was given throughout surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Onset time of sensory and motor block, maximum height of sensory block and duration of sensory and motor block were assessed. Intraoperative Heart Rate (HR), Blood Pressure (BP), Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>), sedation scores, postoperative pain scores, time to requirement of first analgesic and analgesic consumption over first 24h were noted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data of 58 ASA I/II adults was analyzed. Duration of sensory block, defined as time to two-dermatome regression, was 137.03 ± 25.02 min in DX group and 79.45 ± 11.27 min in the NS group (p = 0.000). Onset of sensory and motor block and maximum height of sensory block were similar. Postoperative VAS scores were lower in the DX group at 4h and 24h (p = 0.001, p 0.0001) and comparable at 0h, 8h and 12h. Time to requirement of postoperative analgesia was longer in the DX group (p < 0.001) and requirement of postoperative analgesics was higher in the NS group. Sedation scores and incidence of bradycardia were higher in the DX group, but hypotension was similar.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>IV dexmedetomidine (0.5 mcg.kg<sup>-1</sup> followed by 0.5 mcg.kg<sup>-1</sup>.h<sup>-1</sup>) resulted in extended sensory and motor block, prolonged postoperative analgesia and reduced postoperative analgesic consumption with minimal side effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":32356,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":"75 6","pages":"Article 844672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variable ventilation with two PEEP Levels (BiPEEP) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pilot study 急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的两个PEEP水平（BiPEEP）可变通气：一项试点研究。

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 ANESTHESIOLOGY

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844673

Paula C. Fontela , Luiz Alberto Forgiarini Junior , Cristiano Feijó Andrade , Guillermo Bugedo , Gilberto Friedman

引用次数: 0

Imaging classification in videolaryngoscopy: are we on the right track? 视频喉镜成像分类：我们走对了吗？

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 ANESTHESIOLOGY

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844671

Daniel Perin, Mauricio Luiz Malito, Maurício do Amaral Neto

引用次数: 0

The venous sympathetic block in chronic pain practice: absence of evidence, presence of use? 静脉交感阻滞在慢性疼痛治疗中的应用：缺乏证据，是否有应用？

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 ANESTHESIOLOGY

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844666

Hugo Muscelli Alecrim

引用次数: 0

Pain thresholds in elderly individuals: a cross-sectional observational study of the influence of gender and chronic non-cancer pain 老年人疼痛阈值：性别和慢性非癌性疼痛影响的横断面观察研究

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 ANESTHESIOLOGY

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844665

Áquila Lopes Gouvêa , Pedro Adde Anuardo , João Paulo Consentino Solano , Ângela Maria Sousa , Hazem Adel Ashmawi

Background

The older population is growing, and it is estimated that, by 2050, people aged 60-years or more will have reached two billion. The increased life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of chronic degenerative diseases, contributing to increased pain complaints. This study aims to compare the pain threshold after mechanical stimulation in older adults according to gender and presence or absence of chronic pain and find the prevalence and intensity of chronic pain in this population.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional observational study with a convenience sample in the outpatient clinic at two research centers. All participants answered sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, and the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) was assessed with an algometer. Patients reporting chronic pain answered the Geriatric Pain Measure (GPM) questionnaire.

Results

The sample consisted of 230 individuals, aged 60 to 96 years, 67.8% women and 32.2% men. Chronic pain prevalence was 47.8%, 29.7% in men and 56.4% in women. PPT was significantly lower in women (4.49 ± 1.78 kg) than in men (6.41 ± 1.92 kg). PPT in older individuals presenting chronic pain (4.58 ± 1.93 kg) was lower than in older individuals without chronic pain (5.58 ± 2.01 kg). There was no significant difference between genders in pain assessment by GPM.

Conclusions

Pressure pain threshold was lower in older women and in patients with chronic pain, the association between gender and lower pain threshold was stronger than observed with chronic pain.

背景：老年人口正在增长，据估计，到2050年，60岁及以上的人口将达到20亿。预期寿命的延长导致慢性退行性疾病的发病率增加，导致疼痛投诉增加。本研究旨在比较老年人机械刺激后的疼痛阈值，根据性别和是否存在慢性疼痛，并发现慢性疼痛在这一人群中的患病率和强度。方法：这是一项横断面观察性研究，在两个研究中心的门诊使用方便样本。所有参与者都回答了社会人口学和临床问卷，并使用疼痛测量仪评估了压力疼痛阈值（PPT）。报告慢性疼痛的患者回答了老年疼痛测量（GPM）问卷。结果：样本包括230人，年龄在60 - 96岁之间，67.8%为女性，32.2%为男性。慢性疼痛患病率为47.8%，男性29.7%，女性56.4%。女性的PPT（4.49±1.78 kg）明显低于男性（6.41±1.92 kg）。有慢性疼痛的老年人PPT（4.58±1.93 kg）低于无慢性疼痛的老年人PPT（5.58±2.01 kg）。用GPM评估疼痛的性别差异无统计学意义。结论：老年女性和慢性疼痛患者的压痛阈值较低，性别与压痛阈值较低的相关性强于慢性疼痛患者。

{"title":"Pain thresholds in elderly individuals: a cross-sectional observational study of the influence of gender and chronic non-cancer pain","authors":"Áquila Lopes Gouvêa , Pedro Adde Anuardo , João Paulo Consentino Solano , Ângela Maria Sousa , Hazem Adel Ashmawi","doi":"10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjane.2025.844665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The older population is growing, and it is estimated that, by 2050, people aged 60-years or more will have reached two billion. The increased life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of chronic degenerative diseases, contributing to increased pain complaints. This study aims to compare the pain threshold after mechanical stimulation in older adults according to gender and presence or absence of chronic pain and find the prevalence and intensity of chronic pain in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional observational study with a convenience sample in the outpatient clinic at two research centers. All participants answered sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, and the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) was assessed with an algometer. Patients reporting chronic pain answered the Geriatric Pain Measure (GPM) questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sample consisted of 230 individuals, aged 60 to 96 years, 67.8% women and 32.2% men. Chronic pain prevalence was 47.8%, 29.7% in men and 56.4% in women. PPT was significantly lower in women (4.49 ± 1.78 kg) than in men (6.41 ± 1.92 kg). PPT in older individuals presenting chronic pain (4.58 ± 1.93 kg) was lower than in older individuals without chronic pain (5.58 ± 2.01 kg). There was no significant difference between genders in pain assessment by GPM.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pressure pain threshold was lower in older women and in patients with chronic pain, the association between gender and lower pain threshold was stronger than observed with chronic pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":32356,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology","volume":"75 5","pages":"Article 844665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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