E. Lukitaningsih, S. Nur, Fadilah Qonithah, Andi Zulbayu, Rina Kuswahyuning, R. Rumiyati
The research aims to analyse the antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-wrinkle activities from grapefruit (Citrus Maxima L) and strawberry extracts. Samples were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol and ethyl acetate, subsequently. The Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching (BCB) were used to measure the antioxidant activity. The effect of anti-wrinkle was determined by testing the inhibition of elastase and collagenase enzyme, while anti-tyrosinase activity was analysed using mushroom tyrosinase enzyme. The results showed that strawberry extracts in ethanolic (SE) and ethyl acetate (SEA) have antioxidant activity in FRAP (EC50 = 404.39 ± 3.27 µg / mL and 1978.65 ± 37.25 µg/mL) and BCB (IC50 = 292.30 ± 4.69 µg/mL and 671.11 ± 6.74 µg/mL). Whereas the grapefruit peel extracts both in ethanolic (GPE) and ethyl acetate (GPEA) have antioxidant activity in FRAP (EC50 219.47 ± 71.96 µg / ml and 309.44 ± 95.76 µg/ml) and BCB (EC50 245.19 ± 162.47 µg/ml and 567.54 ± 95.31 µg/ml). As positive standards for FRAP antioxidant analysis were quercetin and vitamin C which has IC50 respectively 18.97 ± 4.50 µg/mL and 24.47 ± 1.44 µg/mL. While in BCB analysis, Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) used as positive standard (IC50 38.68 ± 5.70 µg/mL). The samples of SE, SEA, GPE and GPEA showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity which the IC50 values were respectively 492.68 ± 1.43; 2658 ± 48.08; 3312.5 ± 222.74; 2985.17 ± 122.80 µg/ml. Kojic acid (IC50 111.52 ± 0.42 µg/ml) is used as positive standard in this study. In addition, SE, SEA, GPE and GPEA were able to inhibit elastase and collagenase enzymes, although their activities were still lower than the positive standard used in this study. Elastastinal in concentration 50 µg/mL giving elastase inhibition about 71.71 ± 0.81 µg/mL, while vitamin C in the same concentration showed collagenase inhibition about 66.79 ± 1.23 µg/mL. It can be concluded that the extract of strawberry and grapefruit peel has antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-wrinkle activity through inhibition of elastase and collagenase enzymes; thus, they can be used as antiaging cosmetic ingredients.
本研究旨在分析柚子(Citrus Maxima L)和草莓提取物的抗氧化、抗酪氨酸酶和抗皱活性。用96%乙醇和乙酸乙酯浸渍提取样品。采用铁还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)和β-胡萝卜素漂白(BCB)测定其抗氧化活性。通过测定其对弹性酶和胶原酶的抑制作用来测定其抗皱效果，同时用蘑菇酪氨酸酶来测定其抗酪氨酸酶的活性。结果表明，草莓乙醇(SE)和乙酸乙酯(SEA)提取物对FRAP (EC50分别为404.39±3.27µg/mL和1978.65±37.25µg/mL)和BCB (IC50分别为292.30±4.69µg/mL和671.11±6.74µg/mL)具有抗氧化活性。而葡萄柚皮乙醇(GPE)和乙酸乙酯(GPEA)提取物对FRAP (EC50分别为219.47±71.96µg/ml和309.44±95.76µg/ml)和BCB (EC50分别为245.19±162.47µg/ml和567.54±95.31µg/ml)均具有抗氧化活性。槲皮素和维生素C作为FRAP抗氧化分析的阳性标准物，IC50分别为18.97±4.50µg/mL和24.47±1.44µg/mL。在BCB分析中，以Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT)作为阳性标准，IC50为38.68±5.70µg/mL。SE、SEA、GPE和GPEA样品具有酪氨酸酶抑制活性，IC50值分别为492.68±1.43;2658±48.08;3312.5±222.74;2985.17±122.80µg/ml。以曲酸(IC50为111.52±0.42µg/ml)为阳性标准品。此外，SE、SEA、GPE和GPEA均能抑制弹性酶和胶原酶，但活性仍低于本研究的阳性标准。在50µg/mL的浓度下，对弹性酶的抑制作用为71.71±0.81µg/mL，相同浓度的维生素C对胶原酶的抑制作用为66.79±1.23µg/mL。由此可见，草莓和葡萄柚皮提取物通过抑制弹性酶和胶原酶具有抗氧化、抗酪氨酸酶和抗皱活性;因此，它们可以作为抗衰老的化妆品成分。
{"title":"IN VITRO ANTI-WRINKLE AND TYROSINASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF GRAPEFRUIT PEEL and STRAWBERRY EXTRACTS","authors":"E. Lukitaningsih, S. Nur, Fadilah Qonithah, Andi Zulbayu, Rina Kuswahyuning, R. Rumiyati","doi":"10.22146/mot.59194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.59194","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to analyse the antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-wrinkle activities from grapefruit (Citrus Maxima L) and strawberry extracts. Samples were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol and ethyl acetate, subsequently. The Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching (BCB) were used to measure the antioxidant activity. The effect of anti-wrinkle was determined by testing the inhibition of elastase and collagenase enzyme, while anti-tyrosinase activity was analysed using mushroom tyrosinase enzyme. The results showed that strawberry extracts in ethanolic (SE) and ethyl acetate (SEA) have antioxidant activity in FRAP (EC50 = 404.39 ± 3.27 µg / mL and 1978.65 ± 37.25 µg/mL) and BCB (IC50 = 292.30 ± 4.69 µg/mL and 671.11 ± 6.74 µg/mL). Whereas the grapefruit peel extracts both in ethanolic (GPE) and ethyl acetate (GPEA) have antioxidant activity in FRAP (EC50 219.47 ± 71.96 µg / ml and 309.44 ± 95.76 µg/ml) and BCB (EC50 245.19 ± 162.47 µg/ml and 567.54 ± 95.31 µg/ml). As positive standards for FRAP antioxidant analysis were quercetin and vitamin C which has IC50 respectively 18.97 ± 4.50 µg/mL and 24.47 ± 1.44 µg/mL. While in BCB analysis, Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) used as positive standard (IC50 38.68 ± 5.70 µg/mL). The samples of SE, SEA, GPE and GPEA showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity which the IC50 values were respectively 492.68 ± 1.43; 2658 ± 48.08; 3312.5 ± 222.74; 2985.17 ± 122.80 µg/ml. Kojic acid (IC50 111.52 ± 0.42 µg/ml) is used as positive standard in this study. In addition, SE, SEA, GPE and GPEA were able to inhibit elastase and collagenase enzymes, although their activities were still lower than the positive standard used in this study. Elastastinal in concentration 50 µg/mL giving elastase inhibition about 71.71 ± 0.81 µg/mL, while vitamin C in the same concentration showed collagenase inhibition about 66.79 ± 1.23 µg/mL. It can be concluded that the extract of strawberry and grapefruit peel has antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-wrinkle activity through inhibition of elastase and collagenase enzymes; thus, they can be used as antiaging cosmetic ingredients.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45500546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lap Thi Nguyen, N. H. Son, Tran Nguyen Hong, N. Khoi, Kinzo Matsumoto, W. Folk, M. Yamaguchi, P. Hằng
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common chronic neurodegenerative disease with well-defined pathophysiological mechanisms. Ilex kudingcha (IK) C.J. Tseng is commonly known as bitter tea or “Khom” tea in Vietnam. The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-dementia effect of IK using olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice. OBX mice were daily treated with IK extract (540 mg/kg) or reference drug, tacrine (2.5 mg/kg) 1 week before and continuously for 3 days after the OBX surgery. The object recognition test, modified Y maze test and fear conditioning test were employed to analyze non-spatial short-term, spatial short-term and long-term memories of the mice respectively. Administration of IK extract and tacrine attenuated these OBX-induced cognitive deficits in mice. The effects of IK and tacrine on spatial short-term memory impairment were reversed by scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist. The amyloid-beta (Aβ) production in adult transgenic Drosophila brain flies was also investigated by using Western blotting with APP-HA antibody. These results indicated that IK extract improves short-term and long-term memory disturbances in OBX mice and that muscarinic receptor may play a role on these actions. In addition, our result also showed that IK extract reduces the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in brain of AD model using Drosophila melanogaster.
{"title":"Behavioral Improvements and its Molecular Mechanism of Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng on Animal Model of Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"Lap Thi Nguyen, N. H. Son, Tran Nguyen Hong, N. Khoi, Kinzo Matsumoto, W. Folk, M. Yamaguchi, P. Hằng","doi":"10.22146/mot.53686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.53686","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common chronic neurodegenerative disease with well-defined pathophysiological mechanisms. Ilex kudingcha (IK) C.J. Tseng is commonly known as bitter tea or “Khom” tea in Vietnam. The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-dementia effect of IK using olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice. OBX mice were daily treated with IK extract (540 mg/kg) or reference drug, tacrine (2.5 mg/kg) 1 week before and continuously for 3 days after the OBX surgery. The object recognition test, modified Y maze test and fear conditioning test were employed to analyze non-spatial short-term, spatial short-term and long-term memories of the mice respectively. Administration of IK extract and tacrine attenuated these OBX-induced cognitive deficits in mice. The effects of IK and tacrine on spatial short-term memory impairment were reversed by scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist. The amyloid-beta (Aβ) production in adult transgenic Drosophila brain flies was also investigated by using Western blotting with APP-HA antibody. These results indicated that IK extract improves short-term and long-term memory disturbances in OBX mice and that muscarinic receptor may play a role on these actions. In addition, our result also showed that IK extract reduces the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in brain of AD model using Drosophila melanogaster.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48182369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sasongko, N. Advaita, R. Lestari, Karimah Umar Aidid
Indonesia is a high sun exposure country. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) causes various kinds of skin disorders such as erythema, sunburn, aging, and cancer. Mountain papaya fruit (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) and mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains metabolite compounds that can protect the skin from sunlight because of its antioxidants activity. The purpose of this study to determine whether the combination of the mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel extracts in skin lotion can be used as sun protectors through the in-vitro and in-vivo study. The experiment was done by extracting the mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel through the maceration method. The extracts were formulated into skin lotion in three different formulas with the ratio of mountain papaya fruit extract: mangosteen peel extract as follows F1(1:1), F2(1:3), and F3(3:1). In vitro test was done by using UV-VIS spectrophotometry to determine the SPF value and in vivo test was used erythema-induced rats by exotera beam light. The result of in vitro test gained a high enough SPF value for all three formulas F1=23,23; F2=21,70 and F3=28,64 and the result of in vivo test showed that all three formulas did not indicate the existence of erythema value. It can be concluded that three skin lotion formulas containing mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel ethanol extract have the effect of sun protection.
{"title":"In-vitro and In-vivo Determinations of Sun Protection Factors (SPF) of Skin Lotions Containing Mountain Papaya Fruit and Mangosteen Peel Ethanolic Extract","authors":"H. Sasongko, N. Advaita, R. Lestari, Karimah Umar Aidid","doi":"10.22146/mot.49931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.49931","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is a high sun exposure country. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) causes various kinds of skin disorders such as erythema, sunburn, aging, and cancer. Mountain papaya fruit (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) and mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains metabolite compounds that can protect the skin from sunlight because of its antioxidants activity. The purpose of this study to determine whether the combination of the mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel extracts in skin lotion can be used as sun protectors through the in-vitro and in-vivo study. The experiment was done by extracting the mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel through the maceration method. The extracts were formulated into skin lotion in three different formulas with the ratio of mountain papaya fruit extract: mangosteen peel extract as follows F1(1:1), F2(1:3), and F3(3:1). In vitro test was done by using UV-VIS spectrophotometry to determine the SPF value and in vivo test was used erythema-induced rats by exotera beam light. The result of in vitro test gained a high enough SPF value for all three formulas F1=23,23; F2=21,70 and F3=28,64 and the result of in vivo test showed that all three formulas did not indicate the existence of erythema value. It can be concluded that three skin lotion formulas containing mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel ethanol extract have the effect of sun protection.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43049619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rina Kuswahyuning, S. U. Pratiwi, Joselin Ekaputri, M. Meiliana
Mangostin (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit pericarp (GMP) extract has been shown to have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate gel formulations of GMP extract using sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a gelling agent and propylene glycol (PG) in varying concentrations (i.e. 0-40%). GMP extract was evaluated for total mangostin content and antioxidant activity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Physical gel characteristics were also examined. All gels had similar pH and spreadability, however, gel with 40% PG produced significantly lower viscosity. Antibacterial activities against S.aureus were shown to be the same among GMP extract gels. The antioxidant activity of all GMP extract gels could be confirmed based on the radical DPPH scavenging method. PG content of 40% significantly reduced the increase of GMP extract gel viscosity after being stored for four weeks at room temperature. Additionally, the lowest syneresis was also shown for GMP extract gel with 40% PG content.
{"title":"Influence of Propylene Glycol Concentrations in Mangostin Pericarp Extract Gels Formulation: Gels Physical Characteristics, Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus, and Functional Antioxidant Activity Based on Radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Scavenging Activity","authors":"Rina Kuswahyuning, S. U. Pratiwi, Joselin Ekaputri, M. Meiliana","doi":"10.22146/mot.54604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.54604","url":null,"abstract":"Mangostin (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit pericarp (GMP) extract has been shown to have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate gel formulations of GMP extract using sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a gelling agent and propylene glycol (PG) in varying concentrations (i.e. 0-40%). GMP extract was evaluated for total mangostin content and antioxidant activity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Physical gel characteristics were also examined. All gels had similar pH and spreadability, however, gel with 40% PG produced significantly lower viscosity. Antibacterial activities against S.aureus were shown to be the same among GMP extract gels. The antioxidant activity of all GMP extract gels could be confirmed based on the radical DPPH scavenging method. PG content of 40% significantly reduced the increase of GMP extract gel viscosity after being stored for four weeks at room temperature. Additionally, the lowest syneresis was also shown for GMP extract gel with 40% PG content.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43196053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayunda Nur Sukmawati, Sri Pramestri, Al Sri Koes Soesilowati, S. Suryono
One of the periodontal pathogenic bacteria that can cause periodontitis and alveolar bone destruction is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. An alveolar bone defect can be treated using a bone graft. Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) is an alloplastic graft material. Alloplastic materials do not have vascularization, which will increase the risk of bacterial adhesion. Therefore, adding an antibacterial agent is needed to prevent bacterial adhesion, which will improve periodontal healing. Propolis is a natural ingredient that has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and does not cause bacterial resistance. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of carbonated hydroxyapatite after being incorporated with propolis against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Carbonated hydroxyapatite was embedded into four different concentrations of propolis solution (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%). An antimicrobial assay against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was done using the disc diffusion test method. The inhibition zone was measured to determine the antibacterial ability of the specimens. The inhibition zone was found on the carbonated hydroxyapatite incorporated with propolis at all concentrations. Carbonated hydroxyapatite incorporated with 10% propolis showed the largest inhibition zone. Data analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference between the groups tested (p <.05). In conclusion, carbonated hydroxyapatite incorporated with propolis has antibacterial activity against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
{"title":"Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Containing Propolis as an Antibacterial Agent Candidate against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans","authors":"Ayunda Nur Sukmawati, Sri Pramestri, Al Sri Koes Soesilowati, S. Suryono","doi":"10.22146/mot.62712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.62712","url":null,"abstract":"One of the periodontal pathogenic bacteria that can cause periodontitis and alveolar bone destruction is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. An alveolar bone defect can be treated using a bone graft. Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) is an alloplastic graft material. Alloplastic materials do not have vascularization, which will increase the risk of bacterial adhesion. Therefore, adding an antibacterial agent is needed to prevent bacterial adhesion, which will improve periodontal healing. Propolis is a natural ingredient that has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and does not cause bacterial resistance. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of carbonated hydroxyapatite after being incorporated with propolis against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Carbonated hydroxyapatite was embedded into four different concentrations of propolis solution (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%). An antimicrobial assay against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was done using the disc diffusion test method. The inhibition zone was measured to determine the antibacterial ability of the specimens. The inhibition zone was found on the carbonated hydroxyapatite incorporated with propolis at all concentrations. Carbonated hydroxyapatite incorporated with 10% propolis showed the largest inhibition zone. Data analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference between the groups tested (p <.05). In conclusion, carbonated hydroxyapatite incorporated with propolis has antibacterial activity against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41772306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yelfi Anwar, A. Putra, E. Iftitah, P. Simanjuntak, S. Kumala
Geraniol is a very valuable aroma chemical and has commonly been used in fragrances and aroma compound. Geraniol biotransformation by Aspergillus niger has been studied. The main bioconversion products obtained from geraniol and liquid culture of A. niger are linalool and alpha-terpineol. Linalool plays a major role in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. This study aims to know the interaction of geraniol in Aspergillus niger enzyme with docking molecular. Comparative modeling of Aspergillus niger enzyme was conducted by means of one of the crystal structure of Linalool Dehydratase – Idomerase (LDI) as a template. The best model of this comparative modeling was then used in docking molecular to investigate geraniol binding mode inactive site enzyme of Aspergillus niger. Inactive site enzyme of Aspergillus niger, geraniol is located with hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds: Amino acid – the amino acids are Asn 105, Arg 96, Lys 112 inactive site - OH with hydrogen bond, Arg 97 inactive site – CH3 with hydrophobic bond and Leu54 inactive site – CH3 with the hydrophobic bond. The distances among pharmacophore respectively are 3,603 A, 6,768 A, and 7,345A. It has higher score (ΔGbind: -3.4 kcal/mol) compared to linalool (ΔGbind: -3.6 kcal/mol). Virtual tethering of linalool with LDI Aspergillus niger enzyme in amino acid Leu120 and Glu118 had been done. The pharmacophore is - OH and methyl C8 group. The distances among pharmacophore respectively are 5,835 Å, 2,52 Å, and 5,32 Å. Virtual tethering of LDI Aspergillus niger enzyme with geraniol has a higher score (ΔGbind: -3.4 kcal/mol) compared to linalool (ΔGbind: -3.6 kcal/mol). It shows that interaction between linalool and LDI Aspergillus niger enzyme is easier to occur than the interaction between geraniol and LDI Aspergillus niger enzyme, geraniol reaction to linalool that occurs is rearrangement reaction.
{"title":"Prediction of Geraniol Bond Mode in Aspergillus niger Linalool Dehydratase – Isomerase","authors":"Yelfi Anwar, A. Putra, E. Iftitah, P. Simanjuntak, S. Kumala","doi":"10.22146/MOT.45599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/MOT.45599","url":null,"abstract":"Geraniol is a very valuable aroma chemical and has commonly been used in fragrances and aroma compound. Geraniol biotransformation by Aspergillus niger has been studied. The main bioconversion products obtained from geraniol and liquid culture of A. niger are linalool and alpha-terpineol. Linalool plays a major role in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. This study aims to know the interaction of geraniol in Aspergillus niger enzyme with docking molecular. Comparative modeling of Aspergillus niger enzyme was conducted by means of one of the crystal structure of Linalool Dehydratase – Idomerase (LDI) as a template. The best model of this comparative modeling was then used in docking molecular to investigate geraniol binding mode inactive site enzyme of Aspergillus niger. Inactive site enzyme of Aspergillus niger, geraniol is located with hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds: Amino acid – the amino acids are Asn 105, Arg 96, Lys 112 inactive site - OH with hydrogen bond, Arg 97 inactive site – CH3 with hydrophobic bond and Leu54 inactive site – CH3 with the hydrophobic bond. The distances among pharmacophore respectively are 3,603 A, 6,768 A, and 7,345A. It has higher score (ΔGbind: -3.4 kcal/mol) compared to linalool (ΔGbind: -3.6 kcal/mol). Virtual tethering of linalool with LDI Aspergillus niger enzyme in amino acid Leu120 and Glu118 had been done. The pharmacophore is - OH and methyl C8 group. The distances among pharmacophore respectively are 5,835 Å, 2,52 Å, and 5,32 Å. Virtual tethering of LDI Aspergillus niger enzyme with geraniol has a higher score (ΔGbind: -3.4 kcal/mol) compared to linalool (ΔGbind: -3.6 kcal/mol). It shows that interaction between linalool and LDI Aspergillus niger enzyme is easier to occur than the interaction between geraniol and LDI Aspergillus niger enzyme, geraniol reaction to linalool that occurs is rearrangement reaction.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41470794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Hamzah, T. Hertiani, S. U. T. Pratiwi, T. Nuryastuti
Biofilm acts as the mediator for infection nowadays. Approximately, more than 80% infection incidents are biofilm-formation related. Biofilm as bacteria's defense system is more difficult to eradicate by antibiotic; therefore, pathogen bacteria on their biofilm forms can make serious problems for human health. The invention of a new candidate for polymicrobial biofilm can be an essential challenge to be studied, in order to prevent infections related to biofilm. Tannin is a polyphenol compound with anti-bacterial and anti-fungal potential. This study aims to acknowledge the effectiveness of tannin in inhibition and degradation of C. albicans, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, and polymicrobial biofilm. The assay for biofilm inhibition and degradation were determined with microtiter broth method. The effectivity of tannin antibiofilm against polymicrobial biofilm were analyzed by calculating minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC50) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50) values. The mechanism of action of tannin against polymicrobial biofilm was tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) with a 95% confidence level. Tannin 1% gave inhibition activity of mono-species biofilm formation S. aureus in the middle phase and maturation of 79.04±0.01, 61.48±0.03, E. coli 74.56±0.01, 67.91±0.02, P. aeruginosa 67.32±0.05, 35.13± 0.01, C. albicans 60.62±0.01, 47.16±0.01. The results also provide evidence that tannin activity can degrade and damage the matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) polymicrobial biofilms. Hence, tannins can be a potential candidate for new antibiofilm for polymicrobial biofilm.
{"title":"The Inhibition Activity of Tannin on the Formation of Mono-Species and Polymicrobial Biofilm Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans","authors":"H. Hamzah, T. Hertiani, S. U. T. Pratiwi, T. Nuryastuti","doi":"10.22146/MOT.44532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/MOT.44532","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilm acts as the mediator for infection nowadays. Approximately, more than 80% infection incidents are biofilm-formation related. Biofilm as bacteria's defense system is more difficult to eradicate by antibiotic; therefore, pathogen bacteria on their biofilm forms can make serious problems for human health. The invention of a new candidate for polymicrobial biofilm can be an essential challenge to be studied, in order to prevent infections related to biofilm. Tannin is a polyphenol compound with anti-bacterial and anti-fungal potential. This study aims to acknowledge the effectiveness of tannin in inhibition and degradation of C. albicans, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, and polymicrobial biofilm. The assay for biofilm inhibition and degradation were determined with microtiter broth method. The effectivity of tannin antibiofilm against polymicrobial biofilm were analyzed by calculating minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC50) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50) values. The mechanism of action of tannin against polymicrobial biofilm was tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) with a 95% confidence level. Tannin 1% gave inhibition activity of mono-species biofilm formation S. aureus in the middle phase and maturation of 79.04±0.01, 61.48±0.03, E. coli 74.56±0.01, 67.91±0.02, P. aeruginosa 67.32±0.05, 35.13± 0.01, C. albicans 60.62±0.01, 47.16±0.01. The results also provide evidence that tannin activity can degrade and damage the matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) polymicrobial biofilms. Hence, tannins can be a potential candidate for new antibiofilm for polymicrobial biofilm.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41579114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There were many plants containing flavonoids which can function as antioxidant. Antioxidant can be used to decrease the mortality rate caused by degenerative and infectious diseases. This study aims to determine the antioxidant potency of n-hexane soluble and insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble fraction, and the ethanol extract antioxidant activity of Sambung Nyawa leaf (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.). The ethanol extract of G. procumbens leaves was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol then fractionated using hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the n-hexane soluble fraction, n-hexane insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and ethyl acetate insoluble fraction. The antioxidant activity study of ethanol extract, n-hexane soluble, and insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble, and insoluble fraction of G. procumbens was carried out using DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method to evaluate its free radical scavenging activity with a comparison of vitamin C. The antioxidants activity was expressed as IC50 value. The IC50 value for vitamin C and ethanol extract of G. procumbens leaves were 2.41 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml. On the other hand, the n-hexane soluble and insoluble fraction had an IC50 value of 78 µg/ml and 34 µg/ml, while ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble fraction had the potency as an antioxidant with an IC50 value of 419 µg/ml and 151 μg/ml, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the antioxidant potency of G. procumbens ethanol extract and their fraction were successively of n-hexane insoluble fraction > n-hexane soluble fraction > ethyl acetate insoluble fraction > ethanol extract > ethyl acetate soluble fraction.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activities of n-Hexane Soluble and Insoluble Fraction, Ethyl Acetate Soluble and Insoluble Fraction from Ethanol Extract of Sambung Nyawa Leaf (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.)","authors":"P. Purwantiningsih, R. Murwanti, L. Hakim","doi":"10.22146/MOT.43743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/MOT.43743","url":null,"abstract":"There were many plants containing flavonoids which can function as antioxidant. Antioxidant can be used to decrease the mortality rate caused by degenerative and infectious diseases. This study aims to determine the antioxidant potency of n-hexane soluble and insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble fraction, and the ethanol extract antioxidant activity of Sambung Nyawa leaf (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.). The ethanol extract of G. procumbens leaves was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol then fractionated using hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the n-hexane soluble fraction, n-hexane insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and ethyl acetate insoluble fraction. The antioxidant activity study of ethanol extract, n-hexane soluble, and insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble, and insoluble fraction of G. procumbens was carried out using DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method to evaluate its free radical scavenging activity with a comparison of vitamin C. The antioxidants activity was expressed as IC50 value. The IC50 value for vitamin C and ethanol extract of G. procumbens leaves were 2.41 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml. On the other hand, the n-hexane soluble and insoluble fraction had an IC50 value of 78 µg/ml and 34 µg/ml, while ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble fraction had the potency as an antioxidant with an IC50 value of 419 µg/ml and 151 μg/ml, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the antioxidant potency of G. procumbens ethanol extract and their fraction were successively of n-hexane insoluble fraction > n-hexane soluble fraction > ethyl acetate insoluble fraction > ethanol extract > ethyl acetate soluble fraction.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42219672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The skin of Mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.) is widely used as traditional medicine, for it contains a lot of xanthone compounds. Today, there are many products from mangosteen pericarp extract being sold on the market, one of which is the preparation of mangosteen pericarp capsules. Determining the total xanthone content in the preparation of mangosteen pericarp capsules (Garcinia mangostana L.) circulating on the market needs to be done to calculate the levels of xanthone that are not included in the preparation label. The results of the analysis with UV-Visible Spectrophotometry obtains the maximum absorption wavelength at 243 nm and the linear regression equation of the calibration curve that is y=0,0568+0,0727x with a value of r=0,9999. Validation of the analysis method showed the results of intraday precision obtained % RSD 0,34%, 0,17%, and 0,16%, interday precision of 0,23%, 0,35%, and 0,16%. The accuracy obtained was mean % recovery 95,55%, limit of detection 0,35 μg/ml and limit of quantitation 1,15 μg/ml. The results of the determination of the total xanthone content in the mangosteen pericarp capsules were 100,8 μg/mg in sample A; 197 μg/mg in sample B; and 50,2 μg/mg in sample C.
{"title":"Determination of Total Xanthone Content in the Preparation of Mangosteen Pericarp Capsules (garcinia mangostana l.) Available on the Market using UV-Visible Spectrophotometry Method","authors":"Delladari Mayefis, Yandri Anugerah, Roslinda Rasyid","doi":"10.22146/MOT.43871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/MOT.43871","url":null,"abstract":"The skin of Mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.) is widely used as traditional medicine, for it contains a lot of xanthone compounds. Today, there are many products from mangosteen pericarp extract being sold on the market, one of which is the preparation of mangosteen pericarp capsules. Determining the total xanthone content in the preparation of mangosteen pericarp capsules (Garcinia mangostana L.) circulating on the market needs to be done to calculate the levels of xanthone that are not included in the preparation label. The results of the analysis with UV-Visible Spectrophotometry obtains the maximum absorption wavelength at 243 nm and the linear regression equation of the calibration curve that is y=0,0568+0,0727x with a value of r=0,9999. Validation of the analysis method showed the results of intraday precision obtained % RSD 0,34%, 0,17%, and 0,16%, interday precision of 0,23%, 0,35%, and 0,16%. The accuracy obtained was mean % recovery 95,55%, limit of detection 0,35 μg/ml and limit of quantitation 1,15 μg/ml. The results of the determination of the total xanthone content in the mangosteen pericarp capsules were 100,8 μg/mg in sample A; 197 μg/mg in sample B; and 50,2 μg/mg in sample C.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42485355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma Wardani, F. Megawati, Ni Made Dharma Shantini Suena
The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia has made antidiabetic treatment efforts increasingly popular. In addition, the many side effects caused by the use of chemical drugs, triggered the development of research on herbal therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Dayak onion bulb extract in reducing two-hour postprandial blood glucose, triglyceride levels, and the amount of lipid vacuoles in aorta blood vessels of diabetic rat. The long-term goal of this study is the creation of innovation products in the form of standardized herbs as complementary therapies that can be used daily by the community, so that the risk of morbidity can be reduced. The research design used was randomized control group pretest posttest design. The results of blood glucose analysis showed that there were significant differences between the positive control group with the 400 mg/KgBW and 800 mg/KgBW extract group, with a significance value of 0,000. In the extract group, 400 mg/KgBW with 800 mg/KgBW extract group showed no significant difference with a significance value of 0.390. The results of the analysis of triglyceride levels showed no significant difference between the positive control group with the 400 mg/KgBW extract group, with a significance value of 0.981. However, there were significant differences between the positive control group with the 800 mg/KgBW extract group with a significance value of 0.025. Between the 400 mg/KgBW and 800 mg/KgBW extract groups, there was a difference with a significance value of 0.024. Aorta histopathology results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of lipid vacuoles between the positive control group and the 400 mg/KgBW extract group and 800 mg/KgBW extract group. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the extract dose of 400 mg/KgBW is a dose that is able to influence the decrease in blood glucose levels, triglycerides and the amount of lipid vacuoles in the aorta blood vessels.
{"title":"The Effect of Dayak Onion Bulb Ethanol Extract (Sisyrinchium palmifolium L.) on Triglyceride Level and Aorta Histopathology in Diabetes Melitus White Rat Induced by Alloxan","authors":"Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma Wardani, F. Megawati, Ni Made Dharma Shantini Suena","doi":"10.22146/MOT.38051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/MOT.38051","url":null,"abstract":"The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia has made antidiabetic treatment efforts increasingly popular. In addition, the many side effects caused by the use of chemical drugs, triggered the development of research on herbal therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Dayak onion bulb extract in reducing two-hour postprandial blood glucose, triglyceride levels, and the amount of lipid vacuoles in aorta blood vessels of diabetic rat. The long-term goal of this study is the creation of innovation products in the form of standardized herbs as complementary therapies that can be used daily by the community, so that the risk of morbidity can be reduced. The research design used was randomized control group pretest posttest design. The results of blood glucose analysis showed that there were significant differences between the positive control group with the 400 mg/KgBW and 800 mg/KgBW extract group, with a significance value of 0,000. In the extract group, 400 mg/KgBW with 800 mg/KgBW extract group showed no significant difference with a significance value of 0.390. The results of the analysis of triglyceride levels showed no significant difference between the positive control group with the 400 mg/KgBW extract group, with a significance value of 0.981. However, there were significant differences between the positive control group with the 800 mg/KgBW extract group with a significance value of 0.025. Between the 400 mg/KgBW and 800 mg/KgBW extract groups, there was a difference with a significance value of 0.024. Aorta histopathology results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of lipid vacuoles between the positive control group and the 400 mg/KgBW extract group and 800 mg/KgBW extract group. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the extract dose of 400 mg/KgBW is a dose that is able to influence the decrease in blood glucose levels, triglycerides and the amount of lipid vacuoles in the aorta blood vessels.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47589533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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