Gynura procumbens has been widely used to treat several health disorders, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, diabetes, and allergies. This study aimed to determine the flavonoid content of G. procumbens cultured in a balloon-type bubble bioreactor using various sucrose concentrations (10, 30, and 50 g/L) and explant densities (5, 10, and 15 explants). The plant parts used were stem nodes of G. procumbens, grown in a balloon-type bubble bioreactor using Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid media with IAA 2 mg/L and BAP 4 mg/L. The total flavonoid content was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (λ= 510 nm), and the flavonoid profile was tested using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The administration of 10 g/L sucrose produced the highest total flavonoid production. In the treatment of explant density, the most increasing total flavonoid production was obtained in the treatment of 5 explants. The TLC results showed that each treatment forms spots like standard. This study proved that sucrose and explant densities culture on balloon-type bubble bioreactor method had optimized the production of flavonoids of plant shoots of G. procumbens culture.
{"title":"Evaluation of Flavonoid Content from Shoot Culture of Gynura procumbens in Balloon-type Bubble Bioreactors","authors":"Ira Nailas Sa'adah, Y. Manuhara, A. Kristanti","doi":"10.22146/mot.72734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.72734","url":null,"abstract":"Gynura procumbens has been widely used to treat several health disorders, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, diabetes, and allergies. This study aimed to determine the flavonoid content of G. procumbens cultured in a balloon-type bubble bioreactor using various sucrose concentrations (10, 30, and 50 g/L) and explant densities (5, 10, and 15 explants). The plant parts used were stem nodes of G. procumbens, grown in a balloon-type bubble bioreactor using Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid media with IAA 2 mg/L and BAP 4 mg/L. The total flavonoid content was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (λ= 510 nm), and the flavonoid profile was tested using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The administration of 10 g/L sucrose produced the highest total flavonoid production. In the treatment of explant density, the most increasing total flavonoid production was obtained in the treatment of 5 explants. The TLC results showed that each treatment forms spots like standard. This study proved that sucrose and explant densities culture on balloon-type bubble bioreactor method had optimized the production of flavonoids of plant shoots of G. procumbens culture.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48451100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyperlipidemia is characterized by elevated levels of Triglycerides, Cholesterol, LDL, and decreased levels of HDL are challenges in the management of Diabetes mellitus which might lead to death. This study aimed to determine the hypolipidemic potential of ethyl acetate extract of Hyphaene thebaica fruit in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The hypolipidemic potential of H. thebaica fruit in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was determined. Rats were divided into six groups. Treatment groups were administered the extract at doses of 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Oral administration of the extract at 400 mg/kg body weight for four weeks significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the levels of total cholesterol (151.7 mg/dl ±2.40), Triglyceride (84.0 mg/dl ±1.15), LDL (75.2 mg/dl ±1.20) and increased HDL (39.3 mg/dl ±1.88) level. However no significant (p < 0.05) difference was observed between the 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight dose. Conclusively, H. thebaica can be used as a medicinal plant due to its protective action against dyslipidemic complications of diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Hypolipidemic Potential of Ethyl acetate Extract of Hyphaene thebaica Fruit in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"M. Dahiru, Nadro Margret Samuel","doi":"10.22146/mot.75401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.75401","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperlipidemia is characterized by elevated levels of Triglycerides, Cholesterol, LDL, and decreased levels of HDL are challenges in the management of Diabetes mellitus which might lead to death. This study aimed to determine the hypolipidemic potential of ethyl acetate extract of Hyphaene thebaica fruit in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The hypolipidemic potential of H. thebaica fruit in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was determined. Rats were divided into six groups. Treatment groups were administered the extract at doses of 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Oral administration of the extract at 400 mg/kg body weight for four weeks significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the levels of total cholesterol (151.7 mg/dl ±2.40), Triglyceride (84.0 mg/dl ±1.15), LDL (75.2 mg/dl ±1.20) and increased HDL (39.3 mg/dl ±1.88) level. However no significant (p < 0.05) difference was observed between the 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight dose. Conclusively, H. thebaica can be used as a medicinal plant due to its protective action against dyslipidemic complications of diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48651044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to determine the physical stability and antioxidant activity of peel-off gel mask ethanol extract of buas-buas leaf (Premna serratifolia L.). The ethanol extract of buas-buas leaves was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol solvent, then concentrated using a rotary evaporator to get a thick extract. Formulation EEDB into a peel-off gel mask with a concentration of each EEDB (FI: 1%, FII: 2%, FIII : 3%). The EEDB peel-off gel mask formula was tested for physical stability by cycling test method using a climatic chamber at a temperature of 40°C ± 2°C and 4°C ± 2°C for six cycles. The tests included organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, and drying time. An antioxidant test was carried out using the DPPH method. The results of the physical stability test on the three EEDB peel-off gel mask formulas (FI: 1%, FII: 2%, FIII: 3%) showed good physical stability because there was no significant difference during six storage cycles (P>0.05) with the results of the preparation have a characteristic aroma of oleum citri, brownish-green in color, have a thick, homogeneous texture, meet the requirements of pH, viscosity, spreadability, and drying time. The stability test results of the antioxidant activity of the peel-off gel mask EEDB in the three formulas showed no significant change (P>0.05). The antioxidant activity during six storage cycles with the highest average percent inhibition before and after the cycling test, namely in Formula III, was 77.20 ± 0.28%.
{"title":"Physical Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Pee-Off Gel Mask Ethanol Extract of Buas-buas Leaf (Premna serratifolia L.)","authors":"Weni Puspita, Heny Puspasari","doi":"10.22146/mot.71033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.71033","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the physical stability and antioxidant activity of peel-off gel mask ethanol extract of buas-buas leaf (Premna serratifolia L.). The ethanol extract of buas-buas leaves was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol solvent, then concentrated using a rotary evaporator to get a thick extract. Formulation EEDB into a peel-off gel mask with a concentration of each EEDB (FI: 1%, FII: 2%, FIII : 3%). The EEDB peel-off gel mask formula was tested for physical stability by cycling test method using a climatic chamber at a temperature of 40°C ± 2°C and 4°C ± 2°C for six cycles. The tests included organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, and drying time. An antioxidant test was carried out using the DPPH method. The results of the physical stability test on the three EEDB peel-off gel mask formulas (FI: 1%, FII: 2%, FIII: 3%) showed good physical stability because there was no significant difference during six storage cycles (P>0.05) with the results of the preparation have a characteristic aroma of oleum citri, brownish-green in color, have a thick, homogeneous texture, meet the requirements of pH, viscosity, spreadability, and drying time. The stability test results of the antioxidant activity of the peel-off gel mask EEDB in the three formulas showed no significant change (P>0.05). The antioxidant activity during six storage cycles with the highest average percent inhibition before and after the cycling test, namely in Formula III, was 77.20 ± 0.28%.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47151847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Standardization of medicinal ingredients and drug preparations is a requirement to ensure reproducibility of pharmaceutical and therapeutic quality. With standardization, it is hoped that it can further increase trust in medicines derived from natural ingredients. Golden sea cucumber is one of the natural ingredients that can be used as raw material for wound healing ointment preparations. The main content in golden sea cucumbers that play a role in wound healing is protein. This study aims to standardize the Simplicia of golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) originating from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan. Standardization uses physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters like raw material requirements for standardized herbal medicines (OHT). The test is carried out in the laboratory using the method according to SNI. The results of the Simplicia test of golden sea cucumbers from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan, included water content of 9.57%, zinc 9.32 mg/kg, cadmium < 0.030 mg/kg, copper < 0.030 mg/kg, lead < 0.066 mg/kg , mercury < 0.007 mg/kg, Total Plate Number 8.0 x 103 colonies/g, E.Coli < 3 APM/gr and Salmonella negative have fulfilled the requirements. The results of the Simplicia test of golden sea cucumbers include 13.4% ash content, 1.52% acid insoluble ash, 36.1% protein, 1.39% total fat, 13.1 mg/kg magnesium, and 10.6 mg iron. /kg. The results of the phytochemical screening of golden sea cucumber Simplicia were positive for containing alkaloids, saponins, and triterpenoids.
{"title":"Standardization of Simplicia Golden Sea Cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan","authors":"Wintari Taurina, Mohamad Andrie","doi":"10.22146/mot.74667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.74667","url":null,"abstract":"Standardization of medicinal ingredients and drug preparations is a requirement to ensure reproducibility of pharmaceutical and therapeutic quality. With standardization, it is hoped that it can further increase trust in medicines derived from natural ingredients. Golden sea cucumber is one of the natural ingredients that can be used as raw material for wound healing ointment preparations. The main content in golden sea cucumbers that play a role in wound healing is protein. This study aims to standardize the Simplicia of golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) originating from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan. Standardization uses physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters like raw material requirements for standardized herbal medicines (OHT). The test is carried out in the laboratory using the method according to SNI. The results of the Simplicia test of golden sea cucumbers from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan, included water content of 9.57%, zinc 9.32 mg/kg, cadmium < 0.030 mg/kg, copper < 0.030 mg/kg, lead < 0.066 mg/kg , mercury < 0.007 mg/kg, Total Plate Number 8.0 x 103 colonies/g, E.Coli < 3 APM/gr and Salmonella negative have fulfilled the requirements. The results of the Simplicia test of golden sea cucumbers include 13.4% ash content, 1.52% acid insoluble ash, 36.1% protein, 1.39% total fat, 13.1 mg/kg magnesium, and 10.6 mg iron. /kg. The results of the phytochemical screening of golden sea cucumber Simplicia were positive for containing alkaloids, saponins, and triterpenoids.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45082951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Oladoye, Victoria Adeola Falade, A. J. Adepoju, Geshin John Ibikunle
Medicinal and aromatic plants are increasingly becoming the focus of many researchers in the search for alternative antimicrobial agents due to their large number of diverse bioactive compounds called phytochemicals. Persea americana (Avocado) is an evergreen tree plant known for its healthy fruit and has been used in the management of disease and infections. The stem bark of P. americana was investigated for its phyto-constituents and antimicrobial activity using standard methods. The stem bark was preponderant in polyphenolic compounds of which flavonoid was found to be abundant (480.01), the antimicrobial activity study of the extracts also showed good inhibitory activity on all the tested strains with K. oxytoca (27.50 ± 0.67 mm) and A. flavus (88.89%) mostly susceptible in a concentration-dependent manner. The study revealed that P. americana extracts could be explored in the search for alternative antimicrobial agents.
{"title":"Phytochemical Quantification and Efficacy of Persea Americana Extracts on some Selected Pathogens","authors":"S. Oladoye, Victoria Adeola Falade, A. J. Adepoju, Geshin John Ibikunle","doi":"10.22146/mot.74687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.74687","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal and aromatic plants are increasingly becoming the focus of many researchers in the search for alternative antimicrobial agents due to their large number of diverse bioactive compounds called phytochemicals. Persea americana (Avocado) is an evergreen tree plant known for its healthy fruit and has been used in the management of disease and infections. The stem bark of P. americana was investigated for its phyto-constituents and antimicrobial activity using standard methods. The stem bark was preponderant in polyphenolic compounds of which flavonoid was found to be abundant (480.01), the antimicrobial activity study of the extracts also showed good inhibitory activity on all the tested strains with K. oxytoca (27.50 ± 0.67 mm) and A. flavus (88.89%) mostly susceptible in a concentration-dependent manner. The study revealed that P. americana extracts could be explored in the search for alternative antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43971990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fig (Ficus carica L.) is a natural product that potentially can improve the immune system because it has flavonoids that have the potential as immunostimulants. The research aims to determine the possibility of fig fruit ethanol extract as an immunomodulator. Immunomodulatory activity is determined by knowing the activity of macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and the levels of flavonoids in the extract. The research began with extraction, and then the sample was tested with TLC and colorimetry methods. Furthermore, the sample in the immunomodulatory activity test in vitro was measured through the activity of macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation. In the phagocytosis activity test, macrophage cells were given samples in various concentrations and latex beads. The number of activated macrophages and the number of latex phagocyted by the macrophage is then calculated. For tests of lymphocyte proliferation activity, lymphocyte cells were sampled with different concentrations and induced hepatitis B vaccine. Then the cell absorbance was read with an Elisa reader at 550nm wavelength. The study results found that the samples contained flavonoid compounds, and the total flavonoid levels obtained were 0.74±0.01 mgEQ/g samples. The immunomodulatory activity showed that the sample increased phagocytosis activity of macrophages compared to cell control. The lymphocyte proliferation test produced stimulation index<2 values, showing no effect on the proliferation of lymphocytes. This study indicated that fig fruit ethanol extract could increase the phagocytosis activity of macrophage cells but did not affect the proliferation of lymphocyte cells in vitro.
{"title":"In Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Fig Fruit Ethanol Extract (Ficus carica Linn) against Phagocytosis Macrophages and Lymphocyte Proliferation","authors":"Iis Nur Azizah, A. Winanta","doi":"10.22146/mot.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.70128","url":null,"abstract":"Fig (Ficus carica L.) is a natural product that potentially can improve the immune system because it has flavonoids that have the potential as immunostimulants. The research aims to determine the possibility of fig fruit ethanol extract as an immunomodulator. Immunomodulatory activity is determined by knowing the activity of macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and the levels of flavonoids in the extract. The research began with extraction, and then the sample was tested with TLC and colorimetry methods. Furthermore, the sample in the immunomodulatory activity test in vitro was measured through the activity of macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation. In the phagocytosis activity test, macrophage cells were given samples in various concentrations and latex beads. The number of activated macrophages and the number of latex phagocyted by the macrophage is then calculated. For tests of lymphocyte proliferation activity, lymphocyte cells were sampled with different concentrations and induced hepatitis B vaccine. Then the cell absorbance was read with an Elisa reader at 550nm wavelength. The study results found that the samples contained flavonoid compounds, and the total flavonoid levels obtained were 0.74±0.01 mgEQ/g samples. The immunomodulatory activity showed that the sample increased phagocytosis activity of macrophages compared to cell control. The lymphocyte proliferation test produced stimulation index<2 values, showing no effect on the proliferation of lymphocytes. This study indicated that fig fruit ethanol extract could increase the phagocytosis activity of macrophage cells but did not affect the proliferation of lymphocyte cells in vitro.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47299876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bay leaf is a herbal plant containing essential oil with antioxidant activity. Antioxidant effects give bay leaf essential oil ability as a toothpaste active agent. This research aim is to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of bay leaf essential oil to find out the potential as toothpaste active agents. Bay leaf used in this research was taken from Lendah, Kulon Progo in the evening. Steam-hydrodistillation is conducted and chemical composition is analyzed using the GC-MS method. The Antioxidant activity test is conducted with DPPH and FRAP methods. Toothpastes were formulated with three concentrations of bay leaf essential oil (0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%). Stain prevention test using formulated toothpastes, no active agent toothpaste (negative control), and commercial toothpaste (positive control) was conducted on 20 bovine teeth to obtain the value of colour change (ΔE) before and after the experiment, then analysed using one-way ANOVA parametric test (CI 95%). The chemical composition of bay leaf essential oil detected using GC-MS showed 29 compounds. The highest percentages are cis-4-decenal (37.87%), Decanal (16.73%), and octanal (16.63%). IC50 value from DPPH and FRAP method are 2.079µg/mL and 3.277µg/mL. One-way ANOVA test showed there was an effect from bay leaf essential oil as stain prevention toothpaste active agent. Bay leaf essential oils toothpastes have no significant difference in ΔE value to positive control toothpaste. The conclusion of this research is bay leaf essential oil contains aldehyde compounds in high percentage which provides a very high antioxidant effect. Bay leaf essential oil is the potential to be used as a toothpaste active agent.
{"title":"Potential Effect of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum [Wight] Walp.) Essential Oil for Herbal Toothpaste Active Agent","authors":"M. Annisa, Harsini Harsini, Y. B. Murti","doi":"10.22146/mot.73869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.73869","url":null,"abstract":"Bay leaf is a herbal plant containing essential oil with antioxidant activity. Antioxidant effects give bay leaf essential oil ability as a toothpaste active agent. This research aim is to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of bay leaf essential oil to find out the potential as toothpaste active agents. Bay leaf used in this research was taken from Lendah, Kulon Progo in the evening. Steam-hydrodistillation is conducted and chemical composition is analyzed using the GC-MS method. The Antioxidant activity test is conducted with DPPH and FRAP methods. Toothpastes were formulated with three concentrations of bay leaf essential oil (0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%). Stain prevention test using formulated toothpastes, no active agent toothpaste (negative control), and commercial toothpaste (positive control) was conducted on 20 bovine teeth to obtain the value of colour change (ΔE) before and after the experiment, then analysed using one-way ANOVA parametric test (CI 95%). The chemical composition of bay leaf essential oil detected using GC-MS showed 29 compounds. The highest percentages are cis-4-decenal (37.87%), Decanal (16.73%), and octanal (16.63%). IC50 value from DPPH and FRAP method are 2.079µg/mL and 3.277µg/mL. One-way ANOVA test showed there was an effect from bay leaf essential oil as stain prevention toothpaste active agent. Bay leaf essential oils toothpastes have no significant difference in ΔE value to positive control toothpaste. The conclusion of this research is bay leaf essential oil contains aldehyde compounds in high percentage which provides a very high antioxidant effect. Bay leaf essential oil is the potential to be used as a toothpaste active agent.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43934812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kania Claranisza Agustin, Fatmaria Fatmaria, I. Augustina
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection can cause death which has caused the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 to issue a list of priority pathogens (one of which is MRSA) for the search for new antibiotic research. Bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) is believed to be able to inhibit the growth of the number of MRSA bacterial colonies because it contains saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids. The research was aimed to prove extract of bawang suna(Allium schoenoprasum L.) has effectiveness as an antibacterial to inhibit the growth of MRSA. True experimental design research design with cup count method using posttest only control design to compare the results of observing the number of MRSA bacterial colonies with and without treatment (control group) with serial dilution sampling technique serial dilution using a ratio of 1:5. The treatment used 1 ml an extract of bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) in the control group. 1 ml an extract of bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) gave a significant and closely related effect to inhibiting the growth of MRSA bacteria at a dilution level of 10-3 of 3288,50 + 1117,98, a dilution level of 10-4 of 379,25 + 33,75, and a 10-5 dilution rate of 42,00 + 8,68. The decrease in the number of MRSA bacterial colonies was due to the extract of bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) containing compounds: saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids that could prevent the growth of MRSA bacterial colonies. The extract of bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) as much as 1 ml using Total Plate Count (TPC) with serial dilution testing technique has a significant effect on dilutions of 10-3, 10-4, and 10-5 as an antibacterial to inhibit the growth of MRSA bacteria
{"title":"Effectiveness of Antibacterial Extract Bawang Suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) against Methillicin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using Total Plate Count","authors":"Kania Claranisza Agustin, Fatmaria Fatmaria, I. Augustina","doi":"10.22146/mot.71730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.71730","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection can cause death which has caused the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 to issue a list of priority pathogens (one of which is MRSA) for the search for new antibiotic research. Bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) is believed to be able to inhibit the growth of the number of MRSA bacterial colonies because it contains saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids. The research was aimed to prove extract of bawang suna(Allium schoenoprasum L.) has effectiveness as an antibacterial to inhibit the growth of MRSA. True experimental design research design with cup count method using posttest only control design to compare the results of observing the number of MRSA bacterial colonies with and without treatment (control group) with serial dilution sampling technique serial dilution using a ratio of 1:5. The treatment used 1 ml an extract of bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) in the control group. 1 ml an extract of bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) gave a significant and closely related effect to inhibiting the growth of MRSA bacteria at a dilution level of 10-3 of 3288,50 + 1117,98, a dilution level of 10-4 of 379,25 + 33,75, and a 10-5 dilution rate of 42,00 + 8,68. The decrease in the number of MRSA bacterial colonies was due to the extract of bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) containing compounds: saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids that could prevent the growth of MRSA bacterial colonies. The extract of bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) as much as 1 ml using Total Plate Count (TPC) with serial dilution testing technique has a significant effect on dilutions of 10-3, 10-4, and 10-5 as an antibacterial to inhibit the growth of MRSA bacteria","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47500076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amadi Anthonia Nnenna Chuks, Chinedu-Ndukwe Peace Amarachi, I. Nnah, Robert Ikechukwu Uroko, Madubike Kelechi Gideon
This study evaluated the antidiabetic properties and biochemical changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with Moringa oleifera and Morinda lucida leaf extracts. The acute toxicity values of the extracts were determined before evaluating their antidiabetic effects in 7 groups of 4 rats each. Rats in groups 1-6 were made diabetic via a single injection of alloxan monohydrate (160 mg/kg i.p). Animals whose blood glucose levels rose to 200 mg/dl and above were considered diabetic and used for the study, but group 7 was the normal control. Groups 1 and 2 received 500 and 250 mg/kg of M. oleifera extract, respectively, while groups 3 and 4 received 500 and 250 mg/kg of M. lucida extract, respectively. Group 5 received 3 mg/kg of the standard drug (Daonil), while groups 6 and 7 were the diabetic and normal control groups, respectively. Treatment lasted for 21 days and was administered orally. The phytochemical screening results showed that each of the extracts was rich in phytochemical agents. Higher amounts of flavonoids and terpenoids were found in M. oleifera, while M. lucida had higher phenols and saponins. LD50 value obtained for each extract was above 5000 mg/kg. Results of the antidiabetic study indicated that the extracts significantly brought down glucose levels in the test rats (p<0.05) when compared with the diabetic control. Treatment also restored elevated lipids values, liver function, and renal function parameters in the diabetic rats. The decreased glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities and increased lipid peroxidations resulting from diabetes mellitus induction were also significantly corrected following extracts administration when compared with the diabetic control (p<0.05). Our findings show that Moringa oleifera and Morinda lucida extracts may be safe for use in the management of diabetes mellitus and its associated biochemical complications.
{"title":"Serum Biochemical Changes in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats and Ameliorative Effects of Moringa oleifera and Morinda lucida Leaf Extracts","authors":"Amadi Anthonia Nnenna Chuks, Chinedu-Ndukwe Peace Amarachi, I. Nnah, Robert Ikechukwu Uroko, Madubike Kelechi Gideon","doi":"10.22146/mot.69945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.69945","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the antidiabetic properties and biochemical changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with Moringa oleifera and Morinda lucida leaf extracts. The acute toxicity values of the extracts were determined before evaluating their antidiabetic effects in 7 groups of 4 rats each. Rats in groups 1-6 were made diabetic via a single injection of alloxan monohydrate (160 mg/kg i.p). Animals whose blood glucose levels rose to 200 mg/dl and above were considered diabetic and used for the study, but group 7 was the normal control. Groups 1 and 2 received 500 and 250 mg/kg of M. oleifera extract, respectively, while groups 3 and 4 received 500 and 250 mg/kg of M. lucida extract, respectively. Group 5 received 3 mg/kg of the standard drug (Daonil), while groups 6 and 7 were the diabetic and normal control groups, respectively. Treatment lasted for 21 days and was administered orally. The phytochemical screening results showed that each of the extracts was rich in phytochemical agents. Higher amounts of flavonoids and terpenoids were found in M. oleifera, while M. lucida had higher phenols and saponins. LD50 value obtained for each extract was above 5000 mg/kg. Results of the antidiabetic study indicated that the extracts significantly brought down glucose levels in the test rats (p<0.05) when compared with the diabetic control. Treatment also restored elevated lipids values, liver function, and renal function parameters in the diabetic rats. The decreased glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities and increased lipid peroxidations resulting from diabetes mellitus induction were also significantly corrected following extracts administration when compared with the diabetic control (p<0.05). Our findings show that Moringa oleifera and Morinda lucida extracts may be safe for use in the management of diabetes mellitus and its associated biochemical complications.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46640237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Mutiah, Chamlah Ayatillah, Yen yen Ari Indrawijaya, Arief Suryadinata
Green tea catechin compounds (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) have an antiviral activity such as influenza, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, herpes simplex virus, HIV, and proven in vitro antiviral influenza against NSP5 in SARS CoV. These considerations are used in this study using Non-structural Protein (NSP), namely NSP3 and NSP5 in SARS CoV-2, which have a role in viral replication and transcription. This study aims to predict the physicochemical properties according to the five rules of Lipinski's using swissADME. Prediction of toxicity with LD50 classification using the Protox II online tool. Catechin compound activity based on ligand interaction with NSP3 (PDB ID: 6W6Y) and NSP5 (PDB ID: 6M2N) receptors using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) 6.0. The results showed the predictions of physicochemical properties of the (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), and (-)-epicatechin (EC) compounds fulfilled the five rules of Lipinski's. Catechin compounds have toxicity at levels 4 and 6. The activity of catechin compounds on NSP3 (PDB ID: 6W6Y) and NSP5 (PDB ID: 6M2N) receptors indicated that all catechin compounds had inhibitory activity. The best potential activity compound is (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with a rerank score of -102.8200 and -134.1800 Kcal/mol so that EGCG can be recommended as a candidate for the SARS CoV-2 antiviral compound.
{"title":"Prediction of Anti-SARS CoV-2 Activity from Green Tea Catechin (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) Compound Against To Receptors Non-structural Protein 3 (6W6Y) And Non-structural Protein 5 (6M2N)","authors":"R. Mutiah, Chamlah Ayatillah, Yen yen Ari Indrawijaya, Arief Suryadinata","doi":"10.22146/mot.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.70124","url":null,"abstract":"Green tea catechin compounds (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) have an antiviral activity such as influenza, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, herpes simplex virus, HIV, and proven in vitro antiviral influenza against NSP5 in SARS CoV. These considerations are used in this study using Non-structural Protein (NSP), namely NSP3 and NSP5 in SARS CoV-2, which have a role in viral replication and transcription. This study aims to predict the physicochemical properties according to the five rules of Lipinski's using swissADME. Prediction of toxicity with LD50 classification using the Protox II online tool. Catechin compound activity based on ligand interaction with NSP3 (PDB ID: 6W6Y) and NSP5 (PDB ID: 6M2N) receptors using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) 6.0. The results showed the predictions of physicochemical properties of the (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), and (-)-epicatechin (EC) compounds fulfilled the five rules of Lipinski's. Catechin compounds have toxicity at levels 4 and 6. The activity of catechin compounds on NSP3 (PDB ID: 6W6Y) and NSP5 (PDB ID: 6M2N) receptors indicated that all catechin compounds had inhibitory activity. The best potential activity compound is (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with a rerank score of -102.8200 and -134.1800 Kcal/mol so that EGCG can be recommended as a candidate for the SARS CoV-2 antiviral compound.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43598445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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