White guava is a plant that can grow easily in Indonesia. As a source of vitamin C, white guava leaves have been used as antidiarrheal drugs. Some studies state that white guava leaves contain antioxidants. Aside from having a selling value, white guava leaves are also used as raw materials for facial cosmetics, namely as raw materials for gel. Flavonoids are a large family of plant secondary metabolites that have various and amazing biological functions, including as antioxidants. The study aims to determine the gel preparation formulation of the white guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava L.) as a good antioxidant and the characteristics of the preparation. To extract the active substance in simplicia, maceration is used by using ethanol extract processes. The gel making uses a CMC-Na base. Formulation I uses a concentration of CMC-Na 0.1 gram. Formulation II uses a concentration of CMC-Na 0.3 grams. Formulation III uses a concentration CMC-Na 0.6 gram. The main raw material is 0.2 grams of white guava leaf ethanol extract for each formulation. The maceration process uses 70% ethanol. 250 grams of white guava leaves are used. The yield obtained was 13.92%. The gel product was analyzed organoleptic test, pH test, dispersion test, homogeneity test, and adhesion test. The results showed that the CMC-Na 0.1-grams, 0.3 grams CMC-Na, and 0.6-grams CMC-Na had a distinctive odor of white guava leaves, brownish color, and thick concentration. The gelling product is homogeneous and pH of 6. The formulations under CMC-Na 0.6 grams have good dispersibility. All formulations have good adhesion. The adhesion is more than 4 seconds. The conclusions are the formulation with CMC-Na 0.6 grams fulfills the requirements for topical gel preparation.
{"title":"Gel Formulation from Ethanol Extract of The Leaf of White Guava (Psidium guajava L.)","authors":"Rety Setyawaty, Gustin Gustin, Ragil Setiyabudi","doi":"10.22146/mot.59725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.59725","url":null,"abstract":"White guava is a plant that can grow easily in Indonesia. As a source of vitamin C, white guava leaves have been used as antidiarrheal drugs. Some studies state that white guava leaves contain antioxidants. Aside from having a selling value, white guava leaves are also used as raw materials for facial cosmetics, namely as raw materials for gel. Flavonoids are a large family of plant secondary metabolites that have various and amazing biological functions, including as antioxidants. The study aims to determine the gel preparation formulation of the white guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava L.) as a good antioxidant and the characteristics of the preparation. To extract the active substance in simplicia, maceration is used by using ethanol extract processes. The gel making uses a CMC-Na base. Formulation I uses a concentration of CMC-Na 0.1 gram. Formulation II uses a concentration of CMC-Na 0.3 grams. Formulation III uses a concentration CMC-Na 0.6 gram. The main raw material is 0.2 grams of white guava leaf ethanol extract for each formulation. The maceration process uses 70% ethanol. 250 grams of white guava leaves are used. The yield obtained was 13.92%. The gel product was analyzed organoleptic test, pH test, dispersion test, homogeneity test, and adhesion test. The results showed that the CMC-Na 0.1-grams, 0.3 grams CMC-Na, and 0.6-grams CMC-Na had a distinctive odor of white guava leaves, brownish color, and thick concentration. The gelling product is homogeneous and pH of 6. The formulations under CMC-Na 0.6 grams have good dispersibility. All formulations have good adhesion. The adhesion is more than 4 seconds. The conclusions are the formulation with CMC-Na 0.6 grams fulfills the requirements for topical gel preparation.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45876573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present investigation aims to evaluate the antihypercholesterolemic potential of Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr. as an ethanolic extract in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic male white mice model. In this study, white mice were segregated into 6 groups; all the groups except the normal control group were given a high-fat diet to induce hypercholesterolemia. After induction of cholesterolemia, normal and negative control groups were treated with NaCMC, the positive control group was treated with atorvastatin, and the remaining three groups received ethanolic extract Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr. in three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg BW) for a treatment period of 29 days. Measurement of cholesterol levels was performed on days 0, 15, 22, and 29 using EasyTouch® GCU digital devices. The results were analyzed by one way ANOVA test and ANOVA Repeated test. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr. root plant dose 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg BW effect in lowering total cholesterol in male white mice significantly (P <0,05). Ethanol extract from Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr. a dose of 200 mg/Kg BW showed a better decrease in cholesterol levels on day 29 compared to day 22.
{"title":"In Vivo Antihypercholesterolemic Potential of Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr as Ethanolic Extract","authors":"Meiriza Djohari, Mira Febrina, Tri Wahyuni","doi":"10.22146/mot.64531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.64531","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation aims to evaluate the antihypercholesterolemic potential of Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr. as an ethanolic extract in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic male white mice model. In this study, white mice were segregated into 6 groups; all the groups except the normal control group were given a high-fat diet to induce hypercholesterolemia. After induction of cholesterolemia, normal and negative control groups were treated with NaCMC, the positive control group was treated with atorvastatin, and the remaining three groups received ethanolic extract Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr. in three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg BW) for a treatment period of 29 days. Measurement of cholesterol levels was performed on days 0, 15, 22, and 29 using EasyTouch® GCU digital devices. The results were analyzed by one way ANOVA test and ANOVA Repeated test. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr. root plant dose 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg BW effect in lowering total cholesterol in male white mice significantly (P <0,05). Ethanol extract from Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr. a dose of 200 mg/Kg BW showed a better decrease in cholesterol levels on day 29 compared to day 22.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48761331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shock protein 70 (Hsp-70) molecule is pro-inflammatory mediator cytokine that trigger atherosclerosis. The purple sweet potato has many natural antioxidants such as flavonoids (anthocyanins) and is valuable for reducing Hsp-70 expression due to its antioxidant content.This study aims to determine the effect of purple sweet potato (Ipoema batatas L.) extract in reducing the Hsp-70 levels in the white male rat atherosclerosis model.This study was a posttest-only control group design with normality, homogeneity, ANOVA, post hoc test, correlation, and regression tests. There were five groups in this study. Groups 1 (negative control) and 2 (positive control) were given 2 ml/day of high-cholesterol diet for eight weeks, and the other three groups were given purple sweet potato extract at 24, 48, and 96 mg/kg doses weight per day for eight weeks. Results: The purple sweet potato extract affected the Hsp-70 levels in Wistar strain rats (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the Hsp-70 level between the positive control group and the group with purple sweet potato extract. The highest Hsp-70 level reduction was seen in the group with a 96 mg/day dose of purple sweet potato extract. In conclusion, theadministration of purple sweet potato extract (I. batatas L.) reduced the Hsp-70 levels. The dose of 96 mg/kg BW/day had the highest effect on decreasing Hsp-70 levels in the male rat atherosclerosis model.
休克蛋白70 (Shock protein 70, Hsp-70)分子是引发动脉粥样硬化的促炎介质细胞因子。紫甘薯含有许多天然抗氧化剂，如类黄酮(花青素)，由于其抗氧化剂含量，对降低热蛋白70的表达很有价值。本研究旨在探讨紫甘薯提取物降低白雄性大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型中Hsp-70水平的作用。本研究采用后验组设计，采用正态性、均匀性、方差分析、事后检验、相关检验和回归检验。这项研究分为五组。1组(阴性对照)和2组(阳性对照)给予高胆固醇饮食2 ml/d，连续8周，其余3组分别给予紫甘薯提取物24、48、96 mg/kg剂量重量/d，连续8周。结果:紫薯浸膏对Wistar大鼠热休克蛋白70水平有影响(p < 0.05)。阳性对照组与紫甘薯提取物组的Hsp-70水平差异有统计学意义。紫甘薯提取物96毫克/天组的热休克蛋白70水平降低幅度最大。综上所述，紫甘薯提取物降低了Hsp-70水平。96 mg/kg体重/天的剂量对雄性大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型中Hsp-70水平的降低效果最好。
{"title":"The Extract of Purple Sweet Potato Against Heat-Shock Protein 70 Expression in White Male Rat of Atherosclerosis Model","authors":"M. Setiawan, Fitriana Yulanda","doi":"10.22146/mot.66254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.66254","url":null,"abstract":"Shock protein 70 (Hsp-70) molecule is pro-inflammatory mediator cytokine that trigger atherosclerosis. The purple sweet potato has many natural antioxidants such as flavonoids (anthocyanins) and is valuable for reducing Hsp-70 expression due to its antioxidant content.This study aims to determine the effect of purple sweet potato (Ipoema batatas L.) extract in reducing the Hsp-70 levels in the white male rat atherosclerosis model.This study was a posttest-only control group design with normality, homogeneity, ANOVA, post hoc test, correlation, and regression tests. There were five groups in this study. Groups 1 (negative control) and 2 (positive control) were given 2 ml/day of high-cholesterol diet for eight weeks, and the other three groups were given purple sweet potato extract at 24, 48, and 96 mg/kg doses weight per day for eight weeks. Results: The purple sweet potato extract affected the Hsp-70 levels in Wistar strain rats (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the Hsp-70 level between the positive control group and the group with purple sweet potato extract. The highest Hsp-70 level reduction was seen in the group with a 96 mg/day dose of purple sweet potato extract. In conclusion, theadministration of purple sweet potato extract (I. batatas L.) reduced the Hsp-70 levels. The dose of 96 mg/kg BW/day had the highest effect on decreasing Hsp-70 levels in the male rat atherosclerosis model.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45644583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Ikechukwu Uroko, Nnanna Charles Chukwu, P. Nweje-anyalowu, Chinonso Friday Aaron
The study evaluated the effects of ethanol extract of Anthocleista vogelii stem bark (EASB) on renal function indices and lipid profile in rats induced renal injury with CCl4. Following a completely randomized experimental design, 30 rats were randomly distributed into 6 groups (n = 5). Group 1 was the normal control, group 2 was the negative control while group 3 was the silymarin control. Groups 4 – 6 were CCl4 induced but treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg EASB/day respectively. The study was conducted using appropriate methods. The results showed that the negative control had a significant (P<0.05) increase in the serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations, and a significant reduction in the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration relative to the normal control. Treatments with EASB lowered the serum creatinine, urea, and TAG concentrations when compared with the negative and silymarin controls respectively. The EASB at 100 mg/kg restored the serum HDL concentration to a normal level but 200 and 400 mg/kg EASB/day caused no significant (P>0.05) increase in the serum HDL concentrations relative to the negative control. The rats treated with EASB had elevated serum LDL and cholesterol concentrations in comparison with the negative and silymarin controls. Treatments with EASB prevented the tubular necrosis, degeneration, and infiltration of inflammatory leucocytes observed in the kidney histomorphology of the negative control. These findings suggest that EASB improves renal function and some lipid profile parameters but could cause dyslipidemia when taken in excess dose.
{"title":"Renal Protective and Lipid Profile Modulatory Effects of Ethanol Extract of Anthocleista vogelii Stem Bark (EASB) in Renal Injury Rats Induced with Carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4)","authors":"Robert Ikechukwu Uroko, Nnanna Charles Chukwu, P. Nweje-anyalowu, Chinonso Friday Aaron","doi":"10.22146/mot.69540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.69540","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated the effects of ethanol extract of Anthocleista vogelii stem bark (EASB) on renal function indices and lipid profile in rats induced renal injury with CCl4. Following a completely randomized experimental design, 30 rats were randomly distributed into 6 groups (n = 5). Group 1 was the normal control, group 2 was the negative control while group 3 was the silymarin control. Groups 4 – 6 were CCl4 induced but treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg EASB/day respectively. The study was conducted using appropriate methods. The results showed that the negative control had a significant (P<0.05) increase in the serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations, and a significant reduction in the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration relative to the normal control. Treatments with EASB lowered the serum creatinine, urea, and TAG concentrations when compared with the negative and silymarin controls respectively. The EASB at 100 mg/kg restored the serum HDL concentration to a normal level but 200 and 400 mg/kg EASB/day caused no significant (P>0.05) increase in the serum HDL concentrations relative to the negative control. The rats treated with EASB had elevated serum LDL and cholesterol concentrations in comparison with the negative and silymarin controls. Treatments with EASB prevented the tubular necrosis, degeneration, and infiltration of inflammatory leucocytes observed in the kidney histomorphology of the negative control. These findings suggest that EASB improves renal function and some lipid profile parameters but could cause dyslipidemia when taken in excess dose.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43742267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Rosmaidar, Meutia Handayani, Fadillah Fadillah, T. Armansyah, T. Siregar, H. Hafizuddin, Husnurrizal Husnurrizal
This study aims to determine the ability of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) or Moringa leaf extracts to reduce the endometritis level in Aceh cattle. In this study, six Aceh cows aged 3-5 years, weighing 150-250 kg from the Experimental Animal Technical Implementation Unit of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Syiah Kuala University were used. The cows were divided into two treatment groups, namely cows with endometritis that were given red betel leaf extract (T1) and cows with endometritis that were given Moringa leaf extract (T2). Examination of the endometritis levels was carried out before and after treatment using the White Side Test (WST) method. The collection of estrus cervical mucus was needed for the WST examination, and heat induction was performed with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) at a dose of 25 μg. Collection of cervical mucus was performed 8-12 hours after the initiation of heat. All cows with endometritis were given intrauterine extracts of red betel leaves or Moringa leaves at a concentration of 20% every 24 hours for a week at a solution volume of 20 ml. The data were then analyzed using a paired t test. The mean endometritis levels before and after treatment on K1 vs. K2 were 3.0 and 1.7 vs. 2.7 and 2.7, respectively (P<0.05). It was concluded that red betel leaf extract at a concentration of 20% was more effective in reducing the endometritis level of Aceh cows than Moringa leaf extract.
{"title":"The Effect of Red Betel Leaf (Piper crocatum) and Moringa Leaf Extracts on Endometritis Levels in Aceh Cows","authors":"R. Rosmaidar, Meutia Handayani, Fadillah Fadillah, T. Armansyah, T. Siregar, H. Hafizuddin, Husnurrizal Husnurrizal","doi":"10.22146/mot.64626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.64626","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the ability of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) or Moringa leaf extracts to reduce the endometritis level in Aceh cattle. In this study, six Aceh cows aged 3-5 years, weighing 150-250 kg from the Experimental Animal Technical Implementation Unit of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Syiah Kuala University were used. The cows were divided into two treatment groups, namely cows with endometritis that were given red betel leaf extract (T1) and cows with endometritis that were given Moringa leaf extract (T2). Examination of the endometritis levels was carried out before and after treatment using the White Side Test (WST) method. The collection of estrus cervical mucus was needed for the WST examination, and heat induction was performed with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) at a dose of 25 μg. Collection of cervical mucus was performed 8-12 hours after the initiation of heat. All cows with endometritis were given intrauterine extracts of red betel leaves or Moringa leaves at a concentration of 20% every 24 hours for a week at a solution volume of 20 ml. The data were then analyzed using a paired t test. The mean endometritis levels before and after treatment on K1 vs. K2 were 3.0 and 1.7 vs. 2.7 and 2.7, respectively (P<0.05). It was concluded that red betel leaf extract at a concentration of 20% was more effective in reducing the endometritis level of Aceh cows than Moringa leaf extract.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44143923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the pathogenic bacteria that cause nosocomial infections in hospitals. The use of essential oil-based antibacterials for hospital wards was developed to prevent nosocomial infections. Laja gowah oil is an essential oil isolated from the Alpinia malaccensis plant, which belongs to the Zingiberaceae plant group. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of laja gowah oil in reducing the number of S. aureus colonies in hospital inpatient rooms through the air diffusion method. The compound content in laja gowah oil was analyzed with GC-MS. The study of antibacterial activity using the total plant counts continued with the colony count test, Gram staining, catalase test, and coagulase test. Laja gowah oil contains methyl cinnamate and 1,8-cineole. The installation time of the diffuser containing laja gowah oil affects the number of colonies of S. aureus bacteria in hospital wards. The antibacterial activity of laja gowah oil was influenced by the synergistic effect of methyl cinnamate and 1,8-cineole compounds.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of Laja Gowah (Alpinia malaccensis (Brum.f) Roscoe) oil in Reducing the Number of Staphylococcus aureus Colonies in Hospital Wards","authors":"K. Nisyak","doi":"10.22146/mot.68323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.68323","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus is one of the pathogenic bacteria that cause nosocomial infections in hospitals. The use of essential oil-based antibacterials for hospital wards was developed to prevent nosocomial infections. Laja gowah oil is an essential oil isolated from the Alpinia malaccensis plant, which belongs to the Zingiberaceae plant group. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of laja gowah oil in reducing the number of S. aureus colonies in hospital inpatient rooms through the air diffusion method. The compound content in laja gowah oil was analyzed with GC-MS. The study of antibacterial activity using the total plant counts continued with the colony count test, Gram staining, catalase test, and coagulase test. Laja gowah oil contains methyl cinnamate and 1,8-cineole. The installation time of the diffuser containing laja gowah oil affects the number of colonies of S. aureus bacteria in hospital wards. The antibacterial activity of laja gowah oil was influenced by the synergistic effect of methyl cinnamate and 1,8-cineole compounds.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44191212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sasongko, S. Sugiyarto, Renita Wahyu Nur Hidayati, Bayu Anggoro Saputro
The objective of this study was to see how supplementation with Garcinia mangostana extract (GME) and Vasconcellea pubescens extract (VPE) affected exercise performance and oxidative stress in intensely exercised rats. Twenty-five male rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into five groups: normal, stress oxidative control, combination GME:VPE (50:50), combination GME:VPE (75:25), and combination GME:VPE (25:75) groups. The antioxidant activity of a single extract from the literature was used to make the percentage comparison between extracts. The chronic exercise was done by swimming at 10 m/day for two weeks. Rats in the acute exercise groups were treated by swimming on the pail containing water. Blood samples were collected from the orbital sinus to determine hematological parameters. Liver tissue samples for the analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GPx) markers. Data analysis was performed statistically using One Way ANOVA. The combination of GME and VPE was shown to be effective in reducing oxidative stress and increasing MDA and GPx enzyme activity. The administration of both extracts also showed changes in the hematological profile.
{"title":"Supplementation of Garcinia mangostana Linn and Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC extract reduced exercise-induced oxidative stress in rats","authors":"H. Sasongko, S. Sugiyarto, Renita Wahyu Nur Hidayati, Bayu Anggoro Saputro","doi":"10.22146/mot.68517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.68517","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to see how supplementation with Garcinia mangostana extract (GME) and Vasconcellea pubescens extract (VPE) affected exercise performance and oxidative stress in intensely exercised rats. Twenty-five male rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into five groups: normal, stress oxidative control, combination GME:VPE (50:50), combination GME:VPE (75:25), and combination GME:VPE (25:75) groups. The antioxidant activity of a single extract from the literature was used to make the percentage comparison between extracts. The chronic exercise was done by swimming at 10 m/day for two weeks. Rats in the acute exercise groups were treated by swimming on the pail containing water. Blood samples were collected from the orbital sinus to determine hematological parameters. Liver tissue samples for the analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GPx) markers. Data analysis was performed statistically using One Way ANOVA. The combination of GME and VPE was shown to be effective in reducing oxidative stress and increasing MDA and GPx enzyme activity. The administration of both extracts also showed changes in the hematological profile.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48259687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extraction of kratom (M. speciosa) leaf powder was optimized with preliminary extraction to be further optimized with the Box-Behnken experimental design. The individual and interactive effects of process variables (sample-to-solvent ratio, extraction time, solvent concentration) were assessed. The preliminary extraction results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and methanol were chosen for further optimization. The experimental data were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and second-order polynomial models were developed using multiple regression analysis. The model developed showed a good fit with the experimental data with a high coefficient of correlation (R2) and predictive ability (predicted R2). An optimization study was performed and the optimal extraction conditions were sample-to-solvent ratio value 1.5:10; extraction time of 10 minutes, and methanol concentration of 100%.
{"title":"Modeling and Optimization of Mitragyna speciosa Extraction using Box Behnken Design","authors":"A. M. Rusydan, E. Lukitaningsih, N. Fakhrudin","doi":"10.22146/mot.68610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.68610","url":null,"abstract":"The extraction of kratom (M. speciosa) leaf powder was optimized with preliminary extraction to be further optimized with the Box-Behnken experimental design. The individual and interactive effects of process variables (sample-to-solvent ratio, extraction time, solvent concentration) were assessed. The preliminary extraction results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and methanol were chosen for further optimization. The experimental data were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and second-order polynomial models were developed using multiple regression analysis. The model developed showed a good fit with the experimental data with a high coefficient of correlation (R2) and predictive ability (predicted R2). An optimization study was performed and the optimal extraction conditions were sample-to-solvent ratio value 1.5:10; extraction time of 10 minutes, and methanol concentration of 100%.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68045169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hair growth tonics containing herbal and synthetic ingredients have been developed to overcome hair loss and baldness. Advanced technological developments made many Indonesians prefer to use herbal products compared to synthetic products due to their fewer side effects. Green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) is a plant believed to increase hair growth rates due to its flavonoid compounds. The purpose of this study is to formulate hair tonic from water fraction ethanolic extract green tea leaves, to look at the activity of hair growth-promoting, and also to look at physical stability, irritation tests, and microbial contamination. The positive control used is 2% Minoxidil. The hair growth activity test was carried out by applying a hair tonic to rabbits. Hair growth measurement data were statistically tested by the ANOVA test. The formulated green tea leaves tonic met the physical properties test. The tonic produces similar growth activities with the positive control (significance difference (p> 0.05)). In addition, the tonic does not have a skin irritation effect on rabbit skin and is free from bacteria.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Water Fraction Hair tonic Containing Flavonoids from Ethanolic Extract of Green Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis L.)","authors":"E. F. Apriani, A. Ahmadi, Vini Noviani","doi":"10.22146/MOT.53665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/MOT.53665","url":null,"abstract":"Hair growth tonics containing herbal and synthetic ingredients have been developed to overcome hair loss and baldness. Advanced technological developments made many Indonesians prefer to use herbal products compared to synthetic products due to their fewer side effects. Green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) is a plant believed to increase hair growth rates due to its flavonoid compounds. The purpose of this study is to formulate hair tonic from water fraction ethanolic extract green tea leaves, to look at the activity of hair growth-promoting, and also to look at physical stability, irritation tests, and microbial contamination. The positive control used is 2% Minoxidil. The hair growth activity test was carried out by applying a hair tonic to rabbits. Hair growth measurement data were statistically tested by the ANOVA test. The formulated green tea leaves tonic met the physical properties test. The tonic produces similar growth activities with the positive control (significance difference (p> 0.05)). In addition, the tonic does not have a skin irritation effect on rabbit skin and is free from bacteria.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41489809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetic Foot Ulcer is a complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by open sores on the surface of the skin or mucous membranes as well as extensive dead tissue followed by bacterial invasion. Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer are resistant to some antibiotics so that alternative therapies such as potential traditional medicines involving mangosteen peels are being developed. Mangosteen peels contain compounds of phenolic, tannin, flavonoid, and xanton. To improve the stability of α-mangostin and improve bioavailability, it requires the preparation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS). This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial effect of optimal SNEDDS of ethyl acetate fraction from mangosteen peels against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus and to analyze the comparison of inhibition zone diameter between the optimal SNEDDS formula of the ethyl acetate fraction from mangosteen peels and ethyl acetate fraction without SNEDDS against the bacteria. This study began with making 70% ethanol extract from mangosteen peels which was then fractionated to obtain the ethyl acetate fraction. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction was made into optimal SNEDDS formula resulted of Design Expert software with Tween 80, PEG 400, and VCO. The optimal SNEDDS formula of the ethyl acetate fraction from the mangosteen peels was tested for its antibacterial effectiveness against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results revealed that SNEDDS loaded of ethyl acetate fraction from mangosteen peels had antibacterial activity against both types of Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, which cause diabetes ulcers, and that it did not have antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus. Moreover, the tested SNEDDS loaded ethyl acetate fraction and ethyl acetate fraction without SNEDDS had strong inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis. Meanwhile, they provided such a smaller inhibition zone as tested against Staphylococcus aureus that they had moderate antibacterial activity.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDSS) Loaded with Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.,) Peels against Baccilus subtitis, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients","authors":"L. Pratiwi","doi":"10.22146/MOT.58116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/MOT.58116","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer is a complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by open sores on the surface of the skin or mucous membranes as well as extensive dead tissue followed by bacterial invasion. Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer are resistant to some antibiotics so that alternative therapies such as potential traditional medicines involving mangosteen peels are being developed. Mangosteen peels contain compounds of phenolic, tannin, flavonoid, and xanton. To improve the stability of α-mangostin and improve bioavailability, it requires the preparation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS). This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial effect of optimal SNEDDS of ethyl acetate fraction from mangosteen peels against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus and to analyze the comparison of inhibition zone diameter between the optimal SNEDDS formula of the ethyl acetate fraction from mangosteen peels and ethyl acetate fraction without SNEDDS against the bacteria. This study began with making 70% ethanol extract from mangosteen peels which was then fractionated to obtain the ethyl acetate fraction. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction was made into optimal SNEDDS formula resulted of Design Expert software with Tween 80, PEG 400, and VCO. The optimal SNEDDS formula of the ethyl acetate fraction from the mangosteen peels was tested for its antibacterial effectiveness against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results revealed that SNEDDS loaded of ethyl acetate fraction from mangosteen peels had antibacterial activity against both types of Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, which cause diabetes ulcers, and that it did not have antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus. Moreover, the tested SNEDDS loaded ethyl acetate fraction and ethyl acetate fraction without SNEDDS had strong inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis. Meanwhile, they provided such a smaller inhibition zone as tested against Staphylococcus aureus that they had moderate antibacterial activity.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45451875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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