A. M. Tiamiyu, R. C. Okocha, O. Okunlade, I. O. Olatoye, O. Adedeji
Alternate medicine practices using natural plant extract may be of great importance in combating public health challenges. Medicinal plants are the bases for the development of modern drugs; accepted to treat infectious diseases globally. This study investigated the phytochemical constituents, proximate composition, and antibacterial activity of Allium sativum (garlic), Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed), and Talinum triangulare (Waterleaf) due to their reported medicinal properties. The phytochemical constituents and proximate composition were analysed using standard protocols. Agar diffusion technique was used to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the plants. All three plants included innumerable quantities of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, phenol, and cardiac glycoside. Proximate analysis indicated that the moisture (9.88%), fiber (4.57%), crude fat (2.89%), crude protein (3.67%), ash (3.78%), and carbohydrate (75.21%) present in Allium sativum; moisture (9.26%), fiber (15.28%), crude fat (3.56%), crude protein (18.86%), ash (11.76%), and carbohydrate (41.28%) present in Chromolaena odorata; moisture (10.37%), fiber (16.43%), crude fat (2.23%), crude protein (11.88%), ash (13.29%), and carbohydrate (45.80%) present in Talinum triangulare. The crude extract of Chromolaena odorata had the highest zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5mm). These bioactive substances, such as phenol, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, augment the therapeutic characteristics of these plants, making them a common component of traditional remedies. They may serve as primes to drug discovery and be integrated into the health care delivery system. The investigations proved these plants' medicinal potential and further demonstrated Chromolaena odorata and Talinum triangulare's nutritional potential. They are good sources of income for individuals and bioprospecting.
{"title":"Phytochemical Constituents, Nutritional and Antibacterial Potentials of Selected Medicinal Plants (Allium sativum, Chromolaena odorata, and Talinum triangulare)","authors":"A. M. Tiamiyu, R. C. Okocha, O. Okunlade, I. O. Olatoye, O. Adedeji","doi":"10.22146/mot.78700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.78700","url":null,"abstract":"Alternate medicine practices using natural plant extract may be of great importance in combating public health challenges. Medicinal plants are the bases for the development of modern drugs; accepted to treat infectious diseases globally. This study investigated the phytochemical constituents, proximate composition, and antibacterial activity of Allium sativum (garlic), Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed), and Talinum triangulare (Waterleaf) due to their reported medicinal properties. The phytochemical constituents and proximate composition were analysed using standard protocols. Agar diffusion technique was used to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the plants. All three plants included innumerable quantities of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, phenol, and cardiac glycoside. Proximate analysis indicated that the moisture (9.88%), fiber (4.57%), crude fat (2.89%), crude protein (3.67%), ash (3.78%), and carbohydrate (75.21%) present in Allium sativum; moisture (9.26%), fiber (15.28%), crude fat (3.56%), crude protein (18.86%), ash (11.76%), and carbohydrate (41.28%) present in Chromolaena odorata; moisture (10.37%), fiber (16.43%), crude fat (2.23%), crude protein (11.88%), ash (13.29%), and carbohydrate (45.80%) present in Talinum triangulare. The crude extract of Chromolaena odorata had the highest zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5mm). These bioactive substances, such as phenol, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, augment the therapeutic characteristics of these plants, making them a common component of traditional remedies. They may serve as primes to drug discovery and be integrated into the health care delivery system. The investigations proved these plants' medicinal potential and further demonstrated Chromolaena odorata and Talinum triangulare's nutritional potential. They are good sources of income for individuals and bioprospecting.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46015878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Wahyuningsih, Ketut Shri Satya Wiwekananda, Aurelia Priscilla Regita Putri, D. Nugrahaningsih, Mia Munawaroh Yuniyanti
Ciplukan (Physalis angulata Linn.) has been used by the community as an anti-diabetic drug. The antidiabetic effect is due to ingredients such as unsaturated fatty acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, steroids, triterpenoids, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. Part of the fruit of P. angulata contains many active substances of flavonoids with the proportion of fruit extract 300 μg/ml is 84%. Therefore the exploration for compounds responsible for antidiabetic activity in P. angulata needs to be done to ensure empirical evidence. The purpose of this study was to find the active fraction of P. angulata L. which has anti-hyperglycemic properties. This study used Myoblast cells as subjects and the Bioassay Guided Fractionation method for separating compound groups through three stages of the extraction, partitioning, and fractionation processes which were monitored using TLC and the Glucose Consumption Assay test. The results showed that the chloroform extract (CHCl3) was more active in lowering glucose levels compared to the methanol extract (MeOH) (4.86% vs -8.74%). MeOH insoluble extract was more active than MeOH soluble extract (5.14% vs -8.52). The fractionation results showed that Fraction I was the most active in lowering glucose levels compared to FII, III, and IV (26.47%; 13.18%; 0.15%; 13.76%). Therefore Fraction 1 which contains a class of flavonoid compounds is a potential candidate to be developed as an antidiabetic agent.
{"title":"Bioassay Guided Fractionation of Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) Monitored by Glucose Consumption Assay and Thin Layer Chromatography on Myoblast Cells","authors":"M. Wahyuningsih, Ketut Shri Satya Wiwekananda, Aurelia Priscilla Regita Putri, D. Nugrahaningsih, Mia Munawaroh Yuniyanti","doi":"10.22146/mot.79783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.79783","url":null,"abstract":"Ciplukan (Physalis angulata Linn.) has been used by the community as an anti-diabetic drug. The antidiabetic effect is due to ingredients such as unsaturated fatty acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, steroids, triterpenoids, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. Part of the fruit of P. angulata contains many active substances of flavonoids with the proportion of fruit extract 300 μg/ml is 84%. Therefore the exploration for compounds responsible for antidiabetic activity in P. angulata needs to be done to ensure empirical evidence. The purpose of this study was to find the active fraction of P. angulata L. which has anti-hyperglycemic properties. This study used Myoblast cells as subjects and the Bioassay Guided Fractionation method for separating compound groups through three stages of the extraction, partitioning, and fractionation processes which were monitored using TLC and the Glucose Consumption Assay test. The results showed that the chloroform extract (CHCl3) was more active in lowering glucose levels compared to the methanol extract (MeOH) (4.86% vs -8.74%). MeOH insoluble extract was more active than MeOH soluble extract (5.14% vs -8.52). The fractionation results showed that Fraction I was the most active in lowering glucose levels compared to FII, III, and IV (26.47%; 13.18%; 0.15%; 13.76%). Therefore Fraction 1 which contains a class of flavonoid compounds is a potential candidate to be developed as an antidiabetic agent.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45257751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yohanes Dwiatmaka, Nunung Yuniarti, E. Lukitaningsih, S. Wahyuono
Tempeh is an Indonesian food made of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by fermentation using Rhizopus spp mold. Soybean has a high content of protein, fatty acids, vitamins, and isoflavone glycosides. Isoflavone glycosides are poorly absorbed in the human intestine. Fermentation hydrolyzes isoflavone glycosides into isoflavone aglycones which are easily absorbed. Soybean has three main isoflavones, they are genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. They are good antioxidants and have estrogen-like activity. This research studies the antioxidant activity of tempeh ethanolic extract by determining the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the brain tissue of male Swiss mice. All test substances were diluted in 0.5% CMC-Na solution and administered orally once daily for 12 days. The 0.5 mL of 15% ethanol solution (16.67 mL/kg BW) was administered 1 hour before the other substances. Tempeh ethanolic extract (500 mg/kg BW) as the main treatment. Donepezil-HCl (1 mg/kg BW) and genistein (2.55 mg/kg BW) were used as the positive control groups. The mouse brain SOD and GPx concentration were determined on the 13th day. Results showed a significant depletion of SOD and GPx concentration by ethanol administration. Compared to the control group, mice with tempeh ethanolic extract showed no significant change in the GPx concentration but a little decrease in SOD. The SOD in the group of tempeh ethanolic extract was significantly higher than in the group of donepezil-HCl and genistein. Briefly concluded that tempeh ethanolic extract has better antioxidant activity than donepezil-HCl and genistein.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity of Tempeh Ethanolic Extract on Male Swiss Mouse Brain","authors":"Yohanes Dwiatmaka, Nunung Yuniarti, E. Lukitaningsih, S. Wahyuono","doi":"10.22146/mot.79125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.79125","url":null,"abstract":"Tempeh is an Indonesian food made of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by fermentation using Rhizopus spp mold. Soybean has a high content of protein, fatty acids, vitamins, and isoflavone glycosides. Isoflavone glycosides are poorly absorbed in the human intestine. Fermentation hydrolyzes isoflavone glycosides into isoflavone aglycones which are easily absorbed. Soybean has three main isoflavones, they are genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. They are good antioxidants and have estrogen-like activity. This research studies the antioxidant activity of tempeh ethanolic extract by determining the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the brain tissue of male Swiss mice. All test substances were diluted in 0.5% CMC-Na solution and administered orally once daily for 12 days. The 0.5 mL of 15% ethanol solution (16.67 mL/kg BW) was administered 1 hour before the other substances. Tempeh ethanolic extract (500 mg/kg BW) as the main treatment. Donepezil-HCl (1 mg/kg BW) and genistein (2.55 mg/kg BW) were used as the positive control groups. The mouse brain SOD and GPx concentration were determined on the 13th day. Results showed a significant depletion of SOD and GPx concentration by ethanol administration. Compared to the control group, mice with tempeh ethanolic extract showed no significant change in the GPx concentration but a little decrease in SOD. The SOD in the group of tempeh ethanolic extract was significantly higher than in the group of donepezil-HCl and genistein. Briefly concluded that tempeh ethanolic extract has better antioxidant activity than donepezil-HCl and genistein.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46620162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sri Wahdaningsih, Shoma Rizkifani, E. K. Untari, William Rinaldi
The drying process can affect the content of seconder metabolites such as flavonoids and phenols in plants. The content of flavonoids and phenols plays an important role in the antioxidant activity of a plant. This study aims to determine the effect of drying methods using sunlight and oven on antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, and total phenols. Measurement of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method with vitamin C as a standard, total flavonoid levels using quercetin as a standard, and total phenol using gallic acid as a standard were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of antioxidant activity (IC50)by sun drying and oven respectively were 123 ppm and 152 ppm, total flavonoid content by sun drying and oven respectively were 22.5% and 20.698%, and total phenol content by sun drying and oven respectively amounted to 37.35% and 36.648%. The conclusion is that the sun-drying method has antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, and total phenol levels which are greater than the oven-drying method.
{"title":"Effect of Drying Method on Levels of Antioxidant Activity, Total Flavonoid Levels, and Total Phenol Levels in Ethanol Extract of Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine americana) Leaves","authors":"Sri Wahdaningsih, Shoma Rizkifani, E. K. Untari, William Rinaldi","doi":"10.22146/mot.80085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.80085","url":null,"abstract":"The drying process can affect the content of seconder metabolites such as flavonoids and phenols in plants. The content of flavonoids and phenols plays an important role in the antioxidant activity of a plant. This study aims to determine the effect of drying methods using sunlight and oven on antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, and total phenols. Measurement of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method with vitamin C as a standard, total flavonoid levels using quercetin as a standard, and total phenol using gallic acid as a standard were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of antioxidant activity (IC50)by sun drying and oven respectively were 123 ppm and 152 ppm, total flavonoid content by sun drying and oven respectively were 22.5% and 20.698%, and total phenol content by sun drying and oven respectively amounted to 37.35% and 36.648%. The conclusion is that the sun-drying method has antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, and total phenol levels which are greater than the oven-drying method.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43661775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. K. A. Mbulang, Magi Melia Tanggu Rame, Cahyani Purnasari, Aloisius Masan Kopong
Free radicals are known to damage the hippocampus and will decrease spatial memory. This condition will decrease cognitive function. This study focused on discovering the ability of the ethanolic extract of Pandanus tectorius leaves (EEPTL) to increase spatial memory and its active compounds using GC-MS. This study used twenty-five male mice (Mus musculus) divided into five groups. Three groups were given EEPTL orally using 100, 200, and 300mg/kg BW doses; one negative control (ethanol 10%) and one positive control (donepezil 0.65mg/kg BW). Each group was induced using ethanol 10% for three weeks (0.5mL/day) and tested for spatial memory using the Y-maze method. The result showed that EEPTL significantly increases mice's spatial memory ability (P<0.005). The most effective EEPTL dose is 300 mg/kg BW. GC-MS results showed that some active compounds in EEPTL are palmitic acid, stearic acid, coumarin, and 3-benzoyl-4-phenyl-ethyl linoleic. These results indicate that EEPTL increases spatial memory and contain several fatty acids, volatile oil, and phenols.
{"title":"The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Pandanus tectorius Leaves on Spatial Memory Ability and GCMS Analysis of Potentially Therapeutic Compounds","authors":"Y. K. A. Mbulang, Magi Melia Tanggu Rame, Cahyani Purnasari, Aloisius Masan Kopong","doi":"10.22146/mot.79828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.79828","url":null,"abstract":"Free radicals are known to damage the hippocampus and will decrease spatial memory. This condition will decrease cognitive function. This study focused on discovering the ability of the ethanolic extract of Pandanus tectorius leaves (EEPTL) to increase spatial memory and its active compounds using GC-MS. This study used twenty-five male mice (Mus musculus) divided into five groups. Three groups were given EEPTL orally using 100, 200, and 300mg/kg BW doses; one negative control (ethanol 10%) and one positive control (donepezil 0.65mg/kg BW). Each group was induced using ethanol 10% for three weeks (0.5mL/day) and tested for spatial memory using the Y-maze method. The result showed that EEPTL significantly increases mice's spatial memory ability (P<0.005). The most effective EEPTL dose is 300 mg/kg BW. GC-MS results showed that some active compounds in EEPTL are palmitic acid, stearic acid, coumarin, and 3-benzoyl-4-phenyl-ethyl linoleic. These results indicate that EEPTL increases spatial memory and contain several fatty acids, volatile oil, and phenols.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43737399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Second-degree burns have the highest prevalence and often occur in the household environment. The healing process can be accelerated by traditional medicine. One of the many plants known to have wound-healing abilities is the Binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis). The gel preparation is chosen because of the many benefits it can provide. The gelling agents used were Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose and Hydroxyethyl Cellulose. The combination of these gelling agents was chosen because both agents are capable of producing gel preparations with good stability during storage. Therefore, the optimization was carried out to obtain the optimum formula that met the requirements. The observed responses were organoleptic, pH, spreadability, adhesion, viscosity, and homogeneity. The data obtained was optimized with the Simplex Lattice Design program in Design Expert software version 13.0.0. The results of the verification test were compared for their significance with the T-test with a 95% confidence level. The optimum gel stability of Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) was tested using one-way ANOVA and post hoc. The results showed that the optimum formula for Binahong leaf extract gel (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) was obtained with a composition ratio of 0.5% HPMC and 4.5% HEC. The verification results obtained valid values for pH response, viscosity, and spreadability according to SLD predictions. The optimum formula for Binahong leaf extract gel (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) was stable during the cycling test.
{"title":"Physical Stability of Binahong Leaf Extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) with Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose and Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Gelling Agents","authors":"Siska Purnama Sari, A. K. Zulkarnain","doi":"10.22146/mot.82983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.82983","url":null,"abstract":"Second-degree burns have the highest prevalence and often occur in the household environment. The healing process can be accelerated by traditional medicine. One of the many plants known to have wound-healing abilities is the Binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis). The gel preparation is chosen because of the many benefits it can provide. The gelling agents used were Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose and Hydroxyethyl Cellulose. The combination of these gelling agents was chosen because both agents are capable of producing gel preparations with good stability during storage. Therefore, the optimization was carried out to obtain the optimum formula that met the requirements. The observed responses were organoleptic, pH, spreadability, adhesion, viscosity, and homogeneity. The data obtained was optimized with the Simplex Lattice Design program in Design Expert software version 13.0.0. The results of the verification test were compared for their significance with the T-test with a 95% confidence level. The optimum gel stability of Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) was tested using one-way ANOVA and post hoc. The results showed that the optimum formula for Binahong leaf extract gel (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) was obtained with a composition ratio of 0.5% HPMC and 4.5% HEC. The verification results obtained valid values for pH response, viscosity, and spreadability according to SLD predictions. The optimum formula for Binahong leaf extract gel (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) was stable during the cycling test. ","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42236033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The edible nest swiftlets are suspected to contain sialic acid that can increase the process of cell growth that can reduce the formation of scar tissue and accelerate wound healing. This study aimed to determine the effect and the optimal dosage of edible nest swiftlets ointment on skin histopathology of diabetes mellitus rats that suffered a scratch wound. This study used 25 male white rats, divided into 5 groups, all groups were treated with betadine and the intervention of group 1 was vaseline only (control group), group 2, 3, and 4 were edible nest swiftlets (ENS) ointment with 10%, 20%, and 30% concentration and group 5 were the sanoskin as control positive. The rats were injured in the back area and given the treatment according to the group once a day for 14 days. Skin tissue was taken to make histopathologic preparations for observation on the 0th, 7th, and 14th days. The parameters observed included the number of macrophages, neo-capillarization, and fibroblasts. The result on the 14th day showed that the number of macrophages in the control group, sanoskin group, and ENS 10%, 20%, and 30% group was 3.8±5.019; 3.2±2.489; 1.84±2.387; 1.8±2.049 and 1.2±1.095. The result of neocapillilization were 1.28±1.673; 1.4±1.673; 2.8±1.778; 5.4±4.159; and 15±30.773. The conclusion showed there was a significant difference and there was the effect of edible nest swiftlets ointment on the number of macrophages, the number of neocapillilization, and the density of fibroblasts on the rats with diabetes mellitus that suffered a scratch wound.
{"title":"Skin Histopathology of Diabetes Mellitus Rats Treated with Edible Nest Swiftlets (Aerodhramus fuciphagus) Ointment","authors":"D. Sandi, Yaumi Musfirah","doi":"10.22146/mot.79392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.79392","url":null,"abstract":"The edible nest swiftlets are suspected to contain sialic acid that can increase the process of cell growth that can reduce the formation of scar tissue and accelerate wound healing. This study aimed to determine the effect and the optimal dosage of edible nest swiftlets ointment on skin histopathology of diabetes mellitus rats that suffered a scratch wound. This study used 25 male white rats, divided into 5 groups, all groups were treated with betadine and the intervention of group 1 was vaseline only (control group), group 2, 3, and 4 were edible nest swiftlets (ENS) ointment with 10%, 20%, and 30% concentration and group 5 were the sanoskin as control positive. The rats were injured in the back area and given the treatment according to the group once a day for 14 days. Skin tissue was taken to make histopathologic preparations for observation on the 0th, 7th, and 14th days. The parameters observed included the number of macrophages, neo-capillarization, and fibroblasts. The result on the 14th day showed that the number of macrophages in the control group, sanoskin group, and ENS 10%, 20%, and 30% group was 3.8±5.019; 3.2±2.489; 1.84±2.387; 1.8±2.049 and 1.2±1.095. The result of neocapillilization were 1.28±1.673; 1.4±1.673; 2.8±1.778; 5.4±4.159; and 15±30.773. The conclusion showed there was a significant difference and there was the effect of edible nest swiftlets ointment on the number of macrophages, the number of neocapillilization, and the density of fibroblasts on the rats with diabetes mellitus that suffered a scratch wound.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44248476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Researchers have connected the antioxidants in virgin coconut oil (VCO) to the growing health benefits; however, little is known about the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of VCO against oxidative stress and liver damage brought on by smoking cigarettes. The research examined the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of VCO against oxidative stress and liver damage. Male Wistar rats were split into 4 groups: Group 1 (the control group) was fed rat pellets; Group 2 (the control positive group) was fed the basic diet and exposed to cigarette smoke; Group 3 was fed the basic diet and 0,45 ml VCO; Group 4 was provided the basic diet and 0,9 ml VCO. Serum liver biomarker (SGPT and SGOT) assays were performed after 28 days of therapy. When compared to the control group, exposure to cigarette smoke caused a substantial increase in blood liver enzymes. Treatment with VCO significantly prevented an increase of SGPT and SGOT levels compared to control positive group P2. This study demonstrated that inhaling cigarette smoke damages the liver and established the hepatoprotective properties of VCO against cigarette smoke-induced liver damage via reducing oxidative stress.
研究人员将初榨椰子油中的抗氧化剂与日益增长的健康益处联系起来；然而，人们对VCO对吸烟引起的氧化应激和肝脏损伤的肝脏保护和抗氧化特性知之甚少。本研究检测了VCO对氧化应激和肝损伤的肝脏保护和抗氧化特性。雄性Wistar大鼠分为4组：第一组（对照组）喂大鼠颗粒；第2组（对照阳性组）给予基础日粮，暴露于香烟烟雾中；第3组饲喂基础日粮和0，45ml VCO；第4组提供基础饮食和0.9 ml VCO。治疗28天后进行血清肝脏生物标志物（SGPT和SGOT）测定。与对照组相比，暴露在香烟烟雾中导致血肝酶显著增加。与对照阳性组P2相比，VCO治疗显著阻止了SGPT和SGOT水平的增加。本研究表明，吸入香烟烟雾会损害肝脏，并通过降低氧化应激建立了VCO对香烟烟雾诱导的肝脏损伤的肝脏保护特性。
{"title":"Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Attenuates Hepatotoxicity Induced by Cigarette Smoke in Rats","authors":"L. T., S. J. V. Simorangkir, Okto P.E. Marpaung","doi":"10.22146/mot.82659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.82659","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have connected the antioxidants in virgin coconut oil (VCO) to the growing health benefits; however, little is known about the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of VCO against oxidative stress and liver damage brought on by smoking cigarettes. The research examined the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of VCO against oxidative stress and liver damage. Male Wistar rats were split into 4 groups: Group 1 (the control group) was fed rat pellets; Group 2 (the control positive group) was fed the basic diet and exposed to cigarette smoke; Group 3 was fed the basic diet and 0,45 ml VCO; Group 4 was provided the basic diet and 0,9 ml VCO. Serum liver biomarker (SGPT and SGOT) assays were performed after 28 days of therapy. When compared to the control group, exposure to cigarette smoke caused a substantial increase in blood liver enzymes. Treatment with VCO significantly prevented an increase of SGPT and SGOT levels compared to control positive group P2. This study demonstrated that inhaling cigarette smoke damages the liver and established the hepatoprotective properties of VCO against cigarette smoke-induced liver damage via reducing oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49285989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sasongko, Renita Wahyu Nur Hidayati, Bayu Anggoro Saputro, Muhammad Fiqri Zulpadly Mahmud, Yeni Farida
Health practitioners all over the world have studied liver injury caused by drug side effects. Excessive production of free radicals causes cell damage, which has implications for pathological conditions in both humans and animals. Omega-3 fatty acids are a component of fish that can work as hepatoprotective agents. Eel (Anguilla bicolor) is known to contain omega-3 including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of eel oil on rats via inhibiting oxidative stress. Methods: Acetaminophen-induced male Wistar rats were used as liver injury experimental models. Rats were divided into 5 groups, namely normal control, negative control, positive control (silymarin, 100 mg/kg), and two groups of eel oil dose (2000 mg/kg and 4000 mg/kg). The study was conducted for 14 days. The levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, albumin, Malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels of the liver organ were measured. The data were analyzed using statistics and analysis of variance. Results: The study showed that eel fish oil can reduce SGPT and total bilirubin levels of male Wistar rats induced by acetaminophen. Eel oil at a dose of 4000 mg/kg could significantly reduce SGPT and liver bilirubin levels in male Wistar rats (p<0.05). Eel oil is effective in reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increasing glutathione (GSH) levels at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Conclusion: Eel oil has hepatoprotective activity by inhibiting SGPT, total bilirubin, MDA, and increasing GSH levels in rats.
{"title":"Eel Oil Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury Through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress in Rats","authors":"H. Sasongko, Renita Wahyu Nur Hidayati, Bayu Anggoro Saputro, Muhammad Fiqri Zulpadly Mahmud, Yeni Farida","doi":"10.22146/mot.81943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.81943","url":null,"abstract":"Health practitioners all over the world have studied liver injury caused by drug side effects. Excessive production of free radicals causes cell damage, which has implications for pathological conditions in both humans and animals. Omega-3 fatty acids are a component of fish that can work as hepatoprotective agents. Eel (Anguilla bicolor) is known to contain omega-3 including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of eel oil on rats via inhibiting oxidative stress. Methods: Acetaminophen-induced male Wistar rats were used as liver injury experimental models. Rats were divided into 5 groups, namely normal control, negative control, positive control (silymarin, 100 mg/kg), and two groups of eel oil dose (2000 mg/kg and 4000 mg/kg). The study was conducted for 14 days. The levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, albumin, Malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels of the liver organ were measured. The data were analyzed using statistics and analysis of variance. Results: The study showed that eel fish oil can reduce SGPT and total bilirubin levels of male Wistar rats induced by acetaminophen. Eel oil at a dose of 4000 mg/kg could significantly reduce SGPT and liver bilirubin levels in male Wistar rats (p<0.05). Eel oil is effective in reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increasing glutathione (GSH) levels at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Conclusion: Eel oil has hepatoprotective activity by inhibiting SGPT, total bilirubin, MDA, and increasing GSH levels in rats.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47907919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abdul-Hammed, Ibrahim Adedotun Olaide, H. Adegoke, M. Olajide, Oluwasegun Johnson Osilade, Tolulope Irapada Afolabi, Adelayo Idayat Abdul-Hammed
Fungal infection has become a persistent problem in humans and is sometimes life-threatening in immune-compromised individuals. This work aims to study phytochemicals from Annona muricata (sour sop) as probable antifungal agents against Candida albicans sterol 14α-demethylase target receptor by Computer Aided-Drug Design (CADD) approach using voriconazole and fluconazole as standard drugs. A modern method of drug discovery by molecular docking and chemoinformatics was used to screen 131 isolated phytochemicals with medicinal properties from Annona muricata against Candida albicans ‘sterol 14α-demethylase, a prominent target receptor for most anti-fungal drugs, towards the development of new anti-fungal therapeutic agents and a new approach to treat patients with fungal infections. The compounds were all subjected to analyses like ADMET, drug-likeness, bioactivity, oral-bioavailability and PASS. The results of the docking simulation and chemoinformatics analyses showed that muricin M (-7.9 kcal/mol), chlorogenic acid (-8.2 kcal/mol), roseoside (-8.5 kcal/mol) and caffeoylquinic acid (-8.1 kcal/mol) are potential drug candidates for treating fungal infections due to their excellent properties such as binding affinities, ADMET profile, drug-likeness, bioactivity, binding mode and interactions with the target receptor. Thus, muricin M, chlorogenic acid, roseoside and caffeoylquinic acid are recommended for further analyses towards the development of further antifungal drugs.
{"title":"Antifungal Activities of Phytochemicals from Annona muricate (Sour Sop): Molecular Docking and Chemoinformatics Approach","authors":"M. Abdul-Hammed, Ibrahim Adedotun Olaide, H. Adegoke, M. Olajide, Oluwasegun Johnson Osilade, Tolulope Irapada Afolabi, Adelayo Idayat Abdul-Hammed","doi":"10.22146/mot.77380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.77380","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal infection has become a persistent problem in humans and is sometimes life-threatening in immune-compromised individuals. This work aims to study phytochemicals from Annona muricata (sour sop) as probable antifungal agents against Candida albicans sterol 14α-demethylase target receptor by Computer Aided-Drug Design (CADD) approach using voriconazole and fluconazole as standard drugs. A modern method of drug discovery by molecular docking and chemoinformatics was used to screen 131 isolated phytochemicals with medicinal properties from Annona muricata against Candida albicans ‘sterol 14α-demethylase, a prominent target receptor for most anti-fungal drugs, towards the development of new anti-fungal therapeutic agents and a new approach to treat patients with fungal infections. The compounds were all subjected to analyses like ADMET, drug-likeness, bioactivity, oral-bioavailability and PASS. The results of the docking simulation and chemoinformatics analyses showed that muricin M (-7.9 kcal/mol), chlorogenic acid (-8.2 kcal/mol), roseoside (-8.5 kcal/mol) and caffeoylquinic acid (-8.1 kcal/mol) are potential drug candidates for treating fungal infections due to their excellent properties such as binding affinities, ADMET profile, drug-likeness, bioactivity, binding mode and interactions with the target receptor. Thus, muricin M, chlorogenic acid, roseoside and caffeoylquinic acid are recommended for further analyses towards the development of further antifungal drugs.","PeriodicalId":32438,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obat Tradisional","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44097004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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