Revista Internacional de Investigacion en Adicciones最新文献_第3页

Anticuerpos monoclonales y su empleo para identificar morfina en fluidos biológicos: una revisión sistemática 单克隆抗体及其在生物液中识别吗啡中的应用：系统评价

Revista Internacional de Investigacion en Adicciones

Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.28931/riiad.2023.1.09

Maura Epifanía Matus Ortega, Juan Carlos Calva Nieves, Alberto Salazar-Juárez, Susana Barbosa-Méndez, Genaro Matus-Ortega

Introduction: indiscriminate use of opioids has increased dependency disorder and has been linked to half a million deaths worldwide in the last year. This justifies the exploration of alternative therapies for the treatment of addiction and overdose emergencies. Specific monoclonal antibodies have been produced for morphine and its metabolites for use in analytical identification tests in biological fluids from the experimental development of vaccines against these drugs. Objective: review scientific publications on monoclonal antibodies that identify morphine and its metabolites, to know its properties and the scope of its implementation in diagnostic tests. Method: systematic research of scientific literature in PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO and LILACS databases, published until September 2021, including articles on generation of monoclonal antibodies for morphine and its metabolites, and excluding those specialized only in molecular structure, point mutations and computational molecular dynamics. Results: 18 articles were identified where the production of 61 specific monoclonal antibodies for morphine and/or its metabolites was reported, and in which they characterized the specificity, sensitivity and/or detection range of the antibodies by evaluating 46 different substances, coupled to diagnostic tests. Discussion and conclusions: The production of monoclonal antibodies with high sensitivity and recognition for morphine and its metabolites has allowed their use in the development of sensitive analytical tests at affordable cost, which can be implemented in the clinical diagnosis and the surveillance of the use of these substances in the population.

引言：滥用阿片类药物增加了依赖性障碍，去年全球有50万人死亡。这证明了探索替代疗法治疗成瘾和过量用药紧急情况的合理性。针对吗啡及其代谢物的特异性单克隆抗体已经产生，用于针对这些药物的疫苗的实验开发中的生物液中的分析鉴定测试。目的：综述鉴定吗啡及其代谢物的单克隆抗体的科学出版物，了解其性质及其在诊断试验中的应用范围。方法：对PubMed、ScienceDirect、SciELO和LILACS数据库中截至2021年9月发表的科学文献进行系统研究，包括关于吗啡及其代谢物单克隆抗体生成的文章，不包括仅专门研究分子结构、点突变和计算分子动力学的文章。结果：鉴定了18篇文章，其中报道了61种针对吗啡和/或其代谢物的特异性单克隆抗体的产生，并通过评估46种不同的物质，结合诊断测试，对抗体的特异性、敏感性和/或检测范围进行了表征。讨论和结论：对吗啡及其代谢物具有高度敏感性和识别性的单克隆抗体的生产使其能够以可承受的成本用于开发敏感的分析测试，并可用于临床诊断和监测这些物质在人群中的使用。

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引用次数: 0

Spanish Validation of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire and the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale Among Mexican University Students. 墨西哥大学生人际需求问卷和自杀能力量表的西班牙语验证。

Revista Internacional de Investigacion en Adicciones

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.28931/riiad.2023.1.03

José Nahum Rangel Villafaña, Caroline Silva, Samuel Jurado Cárdenas

Introduction: the rate of death by suicide has increased in Mexico, representing a significant public health problem. To prevent and treat this phenomenon, it is crucial to identify reliable suicide risk factors among Mexicans. The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide has demonstrated empirical support for the role of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability in the development of suicidal desire and behaviors. The measure of the theory's constructs-the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) and the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale (ACSS)-has also shown good psychometric qualities.

Objective: translate, culturally adapt and validate these instruments.

Method: 495 university students from Mexico City participated in two independent samples (n = 239; n = 256). For the INQ, the available version in Spanish was used. For the ACSS, the most current version in English was used. Based on the results from the first sample, items were modified, eliminated, or added for the second sample.

Results: the INQ demonstrated good fit (RMSEA = .054, TLI = .97, IFI = .97, NFI = .95) with an internal consistency of .77 and .87 for thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, respectively. The ACSS obtained similar results (RMSEA = .011, CFI = .99, TLI = .99, IFI = .99, NFI = .91); the internal consistency was .77.

Discussion and conclusions: the Spanish version of the instruments display good psychometric properties and can be used to measure the constructs of the interpersonal theory of suicide. However, further replication is needed to support generalizability in other Spanish-speaking populations.

引言：墨西哥的自杀死亡率有所上升，这是一个重大的公共卫生问题。为了预防和治疗这种现象，在墨西哥人中确定可靠的自杀风险因素至关重要。自杀的人际理论已经证明了对挫败归属感、感知负担和后天能力在自杀欲望和行为发展中的作用的实证支持。该理论构建的人际需求量表（INQ）和自杀获得能力量表（ACSS）也显示出良好的心理测量品质。目标：翻译、文化调整和验证这些文书。方法：来自墨西哥城的495名大学生参加了两个独立样本（n=239；n=256）。INQ使用了可用的西班牙语版本。ACSS使用了最新的英文版本。根据第一个样本的结果，对第二个样本的项目进行了修改、删除或添加。结果：INQ表现出良好的拟合性（RMSEA=.054，TLI=.97，IFI=0.97，NFI=.95），对于挫败归属感和感知负担，其内部一致性分别为.77和.87。ACSS获得了类似的结果（RMSEA=.011，CFI=.99，TLI=0.99，IFI=.199，NFI=.91）；77.讨论和结论：西班牙语版的工具显示出良好的心理测量特性，可用于测量自杀人际理论的结构。然而，需要进一步推广，以支持在其他西班牙语人群中推广。

{"title":"Spanish Validation of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire and the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale Among Mexican University Students.","authors":"José Nahum Rangel Villafaña, Caroline Silva, Samuel Jurado Cárdenas","doi":"10.28931/riiad.2023.1.03","DOIUrl":"10.28931/riiad.2023.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: the rate of death by suicide has increased in Mexico, representing a significant public health problem. To prevent and treat this phenomenon, it is crucial to identify reliable suicide risk factors among Mexicans. The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide has demonstrated empirical support for the role of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability in the development of suicidal desire and behaviors. The measure of the theory's constructs-the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) and the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale (ACSS)-has also shown good psychometric qualities.Objective: translate, culturally adapt and validate these instruments.Method: 495 university students from Mexico City participated in two independent samples (n = 239; n = 256). For the INQ, the available version in Spanish was used. For the ACSS, the most current version in English was used. Based on the results from the first sample, items were modified, eliminated, or added for the second sample.Results: the INQ demonstrated good fit (RMSEA = .054, TLI = .97, IFI = .97, NFI = .95) with an internal consistency of .77 and .87 for thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, respectively. The ACSS obtained similar results (RMSEA = .011, CFI = .99, TLI = .99, IFI = .99, NFI = .91); the internal consistency was .77.Discussion and conclusions: the Spanish version of the instruments display good psychometric properties and can be used to measure the constructs of the interpersonal theory of suicide. However, further replication is needed to support generalizability in other Spanish-speaking populations.","PeriodicalId":32455,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Investigacion en Adicciones","volume":"9 1","pages":"22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10360359/pdf/nihms-1908975.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9864397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Depresión y esquemas tempranos maladaptativos asociados al consumo de drogas en usuarios de una comunidad terapéutica intrapenitenciaria 阑内治疗社区中与药物使用相关的抑郁和早期适应不良方案

Revista Internacional de Investigacion en Adicciones

Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.28931/riiad.2022.2.02

Marco Antonio Santana-Campas, Felip Santoyo Telles, José Amador Carrillo Guijarro

Introduction: drug addiction is considered a public health problem and is associated with delinquency and violent behavior. Objective: to determine the relation between early maladaptive schemas, depression and drug use in persons deprived of liberty in intrapenitentiary treatment with the therapeutic community modality. Method: non-experimental and cross-sectional research in a population conformed by 114 male users deprived of liberty. The instruments used were the Beck Depression Inventory and early maladaptive schemas and drug use questionnaires. Results: the schemas that correlated with drug use in persons deprived of liberty were failure, subjugation, sacrifice, insufficient discipline and grandiosity, and those that increased the risk of drug use were dependence/incompetence (RR = 3.375, I = .418, S = 27.227), vulnerability (RR = 3.375, I = .418, S = 27.227), failure (RR = 2.500, I = .306, S = 20.453) and unattainable standards (RR = 2.294, I = .279, S = 18.860). Discussion and conclusions: it was found that early maladaptive schemas in the prison population are related to and increase the risk of drug use, therefore these results have applications for the prevention and treatment of drug use in persons deprived of liberty.

引言：吸毒被认为是一个公共卫生问题，与犯罪和暴力行为有关。目的：用治疗社区模式确定剥夺自由者在生殖治疗中的早期适应不良模式、抑郁和药物使用之间的关系。方法：对114名被剥夺自由的男性使用者进行非实验性和横断面研究。使用的工具是贝克抑郁量表、早期适应不良模式和药物使用问卷。结果：与被剥夺自由者吸毒相关的图式是失败、征服、牺牲、纪律不足和浮夸，而增加吸毒风险的图式是依赖/无能（RR=3.375，I=.418，S=27.227）、脆弱性（RR=3.35，I=.1418，S=2.7227），失败（RR=2.500，I=.306，S=20.453）和无法达到的标准（RR=2.294，I=.279，S=18.860）。

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引用次数: 0

Impacto de los impuestos al alcohol y prácticas comerciales nocivas en juventudes vulneradas de Latinoamérica 酒精税和有害商业做法对拉丁美洲受影响青年的影响

Revista Internacional de Investigacion en Adicciones

Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.28931/riiad.2022.2.07

Alma Eunice Rendón Cárdenas, Raúl Martín del Campo Sánchez

Introduction: this article presents an overview of the dynamics of alcohol use, mainly among young people and minors, as well as the tax policies and behaviors of the alcoholic beverage industry in the Americas, with a focus on Brazil, Colombia and particularly Mexico. Objective: to expose the preferences, habits and dynamics of alcohol use among minors and young people; to analyze the access and availability of beverages with high ethyl content and low price in Mexico City; to examine tax policies from a social and public health perspective; to propose recommendations to prevent underage consumption and reduce it in at-risk populations. Method: a qualitative methodology was used through nine focus groups composed of an average of 20 young men and women in areas and situations of high social and economic vulnerability in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia; as well as field verification research in distribution centers and areas of interest for the analysis of the phenomenon. Results: the need to implement a comprehensive and multisectoral solution strategy to carry out the necessary reforms and actions in terms of health, taxes and advertising was identified, in addition to incorporating measures that impact supply and demand, and enforce the prohibition of sales to minors. Discussion and conclusions: it is necessary to rethink alcohol tax policies in some countries of the region; as well as to modify certain regulatory frameworks that limit physical and media exposure to alcohol in young populations.

引言：本文概述了酒精使用的动态，主要是在年轻人和未成年人中，以及美洲酒精饮料行业的税收政策和行为，重点是巴西、哥伦比亚，特别是墨西哥。目的：了解未成年人和青少年饮酒的偏好、习惯和动态；分析墨西哥城高乙基含量和低价格饮料的获取和供应情况；从社会和公共卫生角度审查税收政策；提出建议，以防止未成年人消费并减少高危人群的消费。方法：在墨西哥、巴西和哥伦比亚的社会和经济高度脆弱的地区和情况下，采用了一种定性方法，由平均20名年轻男女组成的9个重点小组；以及在配送中心和感兴趣的地区进行现场验证研究，以分析这一现象。结果：除了纳入影响供应和需求的措施以及强制禁止向未成年人销售产品外，还确定了执行一项全面和多部门解决战略的必要性，以便在卫生、税收和广告方面进行必要的改革和行动。讨论和结论：有必要重新思考该地区一些国家的酒精税政策；以及修改某些限制年轻人身体和媒体接触酒精的监管框架。

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引用次数: 0

Uso de redes sociales para la prevención del abuso de sustancias durante la cuarentena por COVID-19 使用社交媒体预防新冠病毒隔离期间的物质滥用-19

Revista Internacional de Investigacion en Adicciones

Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.28931/riiad.2022.2.06

Graciela Yazmín Sánchez Hernández, Morise Fernández Torres, Guillermina Natera-Rey, Nora Angélica Martínez Vélez, Miriam Arroyo Belmonte, Marcela Alejandra Tiburcio Sainz

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic has increased exposure to stressors, which can lead to an increase in drug use as a coping mechanism. Due to the confinement, social networks represent an important means for dissemination of clear, reliable information on ways to prevent drug abuse, and the consequences of said abuse in the general population and among those most vulnerable to acquiring the virus and developing the most serious symptomatology of COVID-19. Objective: to disseminate scientific evidence-based information on alcohol, tobacco and drug use in the context of the COVID-19 contingency in Mexico. Method: we developed messages accompanied by images through the analysis of information on drug use and COVID-19 from a government institution. The messages were disseminated on two social networks to promote healthy behaviors, to increase the knowledge about risks associated to COVID-19 and drug use, and to encourage reflection. Results: the messages reached a total of 851,622 people and had up to 35,819 interactions on Facebook and Twitter. Discussion and conclusions: knowing the interactions in social networks allows to strategically incorporate specific information for different populations at risk. Having information from an institutional social network is a tool to prevent the dissemination of false or inaccurate information.

简介：新冠肺炎大流行增加了对压力源的暴露，这可能导致作为应对机制的药物使用增加。由于受到限制，社交网络是传播关于预防药物滥用的方法以及药物滥用在普通人群和最容易感染病毒和出现新冠肺炎最严重症状的人群中的后果的明确可靠信息的重要手段。目的：在墨西哥新冠肺炎突发事件背景下传播关于酒精、烟草和药物使用的科学循证信息。方法：我们通过分析政府机构的药物使用和新冠肺炎信息，开发出带有图像的信息。这些信息在两个社交网络上传播，以促进健康行为，增加对新冠肺炎和药物使用相关风险的了解，并鼓励反思。结果：这些信息共有851622人收到，在脸书和推特上有35819次互动。讨论和结论：了解社交网络中的互动可以战略性地结合不同风险人群的具体信息。从机构社交网络获取信息是防止虚假或不准确信息传播的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Reflexiones sobre epigenética, confinamiento, violencia y estrés en niños, niñas y adolescentes durante la pandemia por COVID-19 关于COVID-19大流行期间儿童和青少年的表观遗传学、限制、暴力和压力的思考

Revista Internacional de Investigacion en Adicciones

Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.28931/riiad.2022.2.01

Rodrigo Marín-Navarrete, Liliana Templos-Núñez, H. Nicolini

引用次数: 0

Consumo de alcohol de los padres y su relación con el consumo de alcohol del adolescente durante la pandemia COVID-19 COVID-19大流行期间父母饮酒及其与青少年饮酒的关系

Revista Internacional de Investigacion en Adicciones

Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.28931/riiad.2022.2.04

B. I. Jiménez-Padilla, P. L. Flores-Garza, María Magdalena Alonso Castillo, K. López-García

Introduction: alcohol consumption in adolescents is considered a worldwide problem that has increased in recent years. This consumption may be associated to different factors, among them the consumption by their parents at home, mainly caused because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: to know the prevalence of alcohol consumption in adolescents and the relationship that parental alcohol consumption has on the consumption of adolescents. Method: descriptive-correlational design. The sample was obtained online and consisted of 119 high school adolescents with an X̄ = 15.64 (SD = .89) years. Results: 62.2% of adolescents have consumed alcohol at some point in their life, 47.1% in the last year, 30.3% in the last month, 11.8% have consumed it within the last week and 20.2% have presented excessive consumption (binge drinking). The model for consumption at some time in their life was significant (χ2 = 30.24, p

引言：青少年饮酒被认为是一个世界性的问题，近年来这一问题有所增加。这种消费可能与不同的因素有关，其中包括父母在家的消费，主要是由于新冠肺炎大流行造成的。目的：了解青少年饮酒情况及父母饮酒对青少年饮酒的影响。方法：描述性相关设计。该样本是在网上获得的，由119名X̄=15.64（SD=0.89）岁的高中青少年组成。结果：62.2%的青少年在一生中的某个时候饮酒，47.1%在去年，30.3%在上个月，11.8%在上周内饮酒，20.2%表现出过度饮酒（暴饮）。他们一生中某个时间段的消费模型具有显著性（χ2=30.24，p

引用次数: 0

Síntomas depresivos, conducta disocial y consumo de alcohol y mariguana en jóvenes universitarios 大学生的抑郁症状、社会失调行为和酒精和大麻使用

Revista Internacional de Investigacion en Adicciones

Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.28931/riiad.2022.2.05

Linda Rodríguez-Puente, Edna Idalia Paulina Navarro-Oliva, C. Flores Pérez, Julia Lizeth Villarreal Mata, Luis Antonio Botello Mendoza, Diana María Pérez Aguirre, Raúl Adrián Castillo Vargas

Introduction: one of the main problems facing society is drug use. The use of alcohol and marijuana in young people can be influenced by various risk factors such as depressive symptoms and dissocial behavior. Objective: to determine the relationship between depressive symptoms and dissocial behavior with the consumption of alcohol and marijuana in university students. Method: descriptive correlational and cross-sectional study. Population made up of 514 students between 18 and 25 years of age, a stratified random sampling was carried out for a sample of 137 participants. Results: depressive symptoms were related to the number of marijuana cigarettes consumed (rs = .422, p = .006). Dissocial behavior was related to the age of initiation of marijuana use (rs = -.496, p = .001) and the number of marijuana cigarettes consumed (rs = .630, p = .001). Conclusions: depressive symptoms and dissocial behavior are related to the consumption of marijuana in university students.

引言：社会面临的主要问题之一是吸毒。年轻人饮酒和吸食大麻可能受到各种风险因素的影响，如抑郁症状和不合群行为。目的：探讨大学生饮酒、吸食大麻与抑郁症状、不社交行为的关系。方法：描述性相关和横断面研究。人群由514名18至25岁的学生组成，对137名参与者进行了分层随机抽样。结果：抑郁症状与吸食大麻烟的数量有关（rs=.422，p=.006）。脱离社会行为与开始吸食大麻的年龄有关（rs=-0.496，p=.001）和吸食大麻烟数量有关（rs=.630，p=0.001）学生。

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引用次数: 0

Gaudibilidad (moduladores del disfrute) y consumo riesgoso y perjudicial de alcohol en adolescentes 青少年饮酒的可听性(享受的调节器)和危险和有害的饮酒

Revista Internacional de Investigacion en Adicciones

Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.28931/riiad.2022.2.03

Víctor santos Acosta Madueño, Ferrán Padrós Blázquez

Introduction: in a recent study, it has been reported that adolescents who presented risky and harmful alcohol consumption show lower levels of gaudiebility (enjoyment modulators) than their consuming peers, but without risk. But in this study a one-factor gaudiebility scale for adults was used, and recently a new scale for children and adolescents has been published that is multifactorial (consistent with the construct). Objective: to study the relationship between the level of gaudiebility and the risky and harmful consumption of alcohol in adolescence using a new scale that presents adequate construct validity. Method: a sample of 464 adolescents (53.7% women) with a mean age of 15.99 (SD = 1.29), with risky and harmful consumption of alcohol and consumption without risk, was used. The GSCA (Gaudiebility Scale for Children and Adolescents) and AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) were administered. Results: the group with risky and harmful alcohol consumption did not show a mean in the level of gaudiebility (or with the factors) different from that observed in the group with non-risky alcohol consumption. Only the interest factor of the GSCA scale showed a negative and significant correlation with risky and harmful alcohol consumption, but this was very low. Discussion and conclusions: research suggests that the level of gaudiebility in adolescence is not a risk factor for an adolescent to present a risky and harmful consumption of alcohol. In future research, it is proposed to study the relationship between alcohol dependence and gaudiebility.

引言：在最近的一项研究中，据报道，与饮酒的同龄人相比，出现危险和有害饮酒的青少年表现出较低的可饮用性（享受调节剂）水平，但没有风险。但在这项研究中，使用了一种针对成年人的单因素可测性量表，最近发布了一种新的针对儿童和青少年的多因素量表（与结构一致）。目的：采用一种新的具有足够结构有效性的量表，研究青少年饮酒成瘾程度与危险有害饮酒之间的关系。方法：采用464名平均年龄15.99（SD=1.29）的青少年（53.7%的女性）为样本，他们有危险和有害的饮酒和无风险的饮酒。使用GSCA（儿童和青少年可量表）和AUDIT（酒精使用障碍识别测试）。结果：有风险和有害饮酒的组与无风险饮酒的组相比，其可饮用性水平（或因素）的平均值没有不同。只有GSCA量表的兴趣因素与危险和有害的饮酒量呈负相关，但这一比例很低。讨论和结论：研究表明，青春期的高致死率并不是青少年出现危险和有害饮酒的风险因素。在未来的研究中，有人建议研究酒精依赖性和高致死性之间的关系。

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引用次数: 1

Viso-construcción y memoria visual en jóvenes con dependencia a las metanfetaminas 甲基苯丙胺依赖青少年的视觉建构与视觉记忆

Revista Internacional de Investigacion en Adicciones

Pub Date : 2022-03-27 DOI: 10.28931/riiad.2022.1.02

Victoria González Ramírez, Martha Leticia Salazar Garza, Gabriela Navarro Contreras, Ferrán Padrós Blázquez

Introduction: methamphetamine dependence has been linked to a series of neuropsychological alterations. Objective: the present work had the purpose of exploring the viso-constructive ability and visual memory in young men with methamphetamine dependence disorder. Method: convenience sample of fifteen people. All the participants were interned in a detoxification clinic; after an interview, the Complex Rey Figure (CRF), was applied from in its execution to the copy and to the memory. Results: the viso-construction to the copy was found to be preserved (although three participants showed poor execution). On the other hand, visual memory deficiencies were observed in 14 of the 15 participants. Comparisons with normative parameters place the mean obtained by methamphetamine-dependent youths in reproduction to memory of the clinically significant CRF. The effect size (d) was calculated finding a medium effect on copying and a small effect on memory. In addition, in a qualitative analysis, it was observed that the majority of the participants made reproductions considered immature or less rational with respect to what was expected based on age. Discussion and conclusions: young methamphetamine dependent have a risk of deficits in episodic memory and executive alterations, specifically in organization and planning, functions suggested to be study afterwards.

简介:甲基苯丙胺依赖与一系列神经心理改变有关。目的:探讨年轻男性甲基苯丙胺依赖障碍患者的视觉建构能力和视觉记忆。方法:方便抽样15人。所有参与者都被关进戒毒诊所;在一次访问之后，将复杂的Rey图(Complex Rey Figure, CRF)从执行过程中应用到副本和存储器中。结果:发现副本的视觉构造被保存下来(尽管有三名参与者表现出较差的执行能力)。另一方面，15名参与者中有14人有视觉记忆缺陷。与规范参数的比较将甲基苯丙胺依赖青年在临床显著CRF的再现到记忆方面获得的平均值放置。计算了效应量(d)，发现对复制的影响中等，对内存的影响较小。此外，在定性分析中，观察到大多数参与者的生殖被认为是不成熟的或不太理性的，这与年龄的预期有关。讨论和结论:依赖甲基苯丙胺的青少年有情景记忆缺陷和执行改变的风险，特别是在组织和计划方面，建议在之后进行研究。

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引用次数: 0