Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.24843/kp.2021.v43.i02.p06
Joko Sriwidodo
Pelaksanaan e-Litigasi saat pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia masih menimbulkan beberapa isu, mulai dari isu disharmonisasi hukum, hingga belum akrabnya masyarakat Indonesia akan penggunaan e-Litigasi. Namun terlepas dari isu tersebut, proses peradilan tetap harus berjalan mengingat penegakan hukum harus terus dilakukan demi tercapainya keadilan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, maka permasalahan yang akan dibahas pada penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana perkembangan regulasi penyelesaian perkara saat Pandemi Covid-19 dan bagaimana urgensi e-Litigasi saat Pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Upaya penyelesaian perkara saat Pandemi Covid-19 telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia baik dilakukan upaya melalui jalur litigasi maupun melalui jalur non-litigasi. Adapun upaya penyelesaian perkara melalui jalur non-litigasi telah diterapkan oleh Lembaga Kejaksaan dengan terbentuknya Peraturan Kejaksaan RI (PERJA). Sedangkan upaya penegak hukum dalam penyelesaian perkara saat Pandemi Covid-19 melalui jalur litigasi yaitu dengan adanya e-Litigasi. Diperlukannya keberadaan E-Litigasi saat Pandemi Covid-19 seperti saat ini yaitu karena proses e-Litigasi yang memenuhi asas cepat, sederhana dan murah. Meskipun dalam pelaksanaan e-Litigasi terdapat beberapa kelemahan pada unsur hukum yakni substansi hukum dan budaya hukum. Terkait permasalahan substansi hukum, permasalahan tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan adanya perumusan peraturan yang lebih mapan terkait e-Litigasi ataupun dapat dilakukan dengan merevisi KUHAP. Sedangkan permasalahan budaya hukum, dapat diselesaikan dengan ketersediaan fasilitas dan sumber daya manusia yang memadai, keterbukaan informasi lengkap yang mudah diakses, ketersediaan budget untuk memenuhi keperluan, serta metode pengambilan keputusan.
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Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.24843/kp.2021.v43.i02.p02
Laras Susanti
The Covid-19 pandemic has cost human lives and threaten the world’s economy. Responding to this unprecedented history, governments are expected to take both public health and economic recovery actions. This article conveys analysis on how Indonesian courts might examine government tort cases on the government’s liability in handling the pandemic. A normative juridical method is used to analyze primary and secondary legal sources. The writer finds that with the enactment of Law Number 30 of 2014 on Government Administration, a government concrete action is also an object to suing government before the state administrative court. Furthermore, the recent Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of 2019 on Guidance Dispute Settlement Mechanism of Government Action and Competence to Adjudicate Government Tort governs that the state administrative court is the only court that has competence over government tort. As a result, claims of government tort submitted to the general court must be dismissed. In fact, this recent development created confusion on the side of justice seekers and judges as well that might affect the outcome of Covid-19 government tort claims. Studying previous government tort cases and focusing its exploration on the development of government immunity and liability, this article finds that Indonesian courts use Article 1365 Civil Code equipped with laws and regulations in administrative governance and specific fields legal frameworks to examine government tort cases. Even though such laws may state that the government may not be sued, the courts may use the Constitution of 1945 to establish a right to sue. During the Covid-19 pandemic, laws and regulations related to disaster and public health management along with the public interest principle must be examined to determine government tort.
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Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.24843/kp.2021.v43.i02.p07
H. F. Taufik
Wilayah merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari keberadaan suatu negara. Betapa pentingnya suatu wilayah menyebabkan suatu sengketa wilayah antar negara dapat saja terjadi. Demikianlah yang terjadi antara Republik Korea dan Jepang. Keduanya bersengketa atas suatu wilayah kepulauan di Laut Timur, yaitu Kepulauan Dokdo atau Takeshima. Republik Korea dan Jepang sama-sama bersikeras bahwa Kepulauan Dokdo atau Takeshima berada di bawah kedaulatan negaranya. Keduanya memiliki argumentasi masing-masing terhadap klaim mereka tersebut. Penelitian ini akan membahas argumentasi kedua negara serta menganalisisnya dari sudut pandang hukum internasional. Metode penelitian dalam penulisan ini ialah metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan sejarah, kasus, dan konseptual. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapati bahwa Jepang mengklaim Kepulauan Dokdo merupakan wilayah terra nullius yang kemudian diokupasi, serta wilayah tersebut masih dalam kedaulatannya berdasarkan Perjanjian San Fransisco. Akan tetapi, klaim Republik Korea lebih kuat di mata hukum internasional, bila memperhatikan fakta historis, tindakan yang telah dilakukan, preseden yang ada, serta prinsip efektivitas. Berdasarkan prinsip efektivitas dalam hukum internasional, kontrol efektif yang telah dilakukan Korea selama ini, bahkan sebelum Jepang masuk dan menganeksasi Dokdo atau Takeshima, telah mematahkan klaim terra nullius yang dikemukakan Jepang, dan meneguhkan klaim kedaulatan Korea atas Dokdo atau Takeshima. Hal tersebut sebagaimana yang juga berlaku dalam kasus Sipadan-Ligitan dan kasus Pulau Palmas.
{"title":"Menelaah Klaim Republik Korea dan Jepang atas Kepulauan Dokdo atau Takeshima: Pendekatan Historis","authors":"H. F. Taufik","doi":"10.24843/kp.2021.v43.i02.p07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/kp.2021.v43.i02.p07","url":null,"abstract":"Wilayah merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari keberadaan suatu negara. Betapa pentingnya suatu wilayah menyebabkan suatu sengketa wilayah antar negara dapat saja terjadi. Demikianlah yang terjadi antara Republik Korea dan Jepang. Keduanya bersengketa atas suatu wilayah kepulauan di Laut Timur, yaitu Kepulauan Dokdo atau Takeshima. Republik Korea dan Jepang sama-sama bersikeras bahwa Kepulauan Dokdo atau Takeshima berada di bawah kedaulatan negaranya. Keduanya memiliki argumentasi masing-masing terhadap klaim mereka tersebut. Penelitian ini akan membahas argumentasi kedua negara serta menganalisisnya dari sudut pandang hukum internasional. Metode penelitian dalam penulisan ini ialah metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan sejarah, kasus, dan konseptual. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapati bahwa Jepang mengklaim Kepulauan Dokdo merupakan wilayah terra nullius yang kemudian diokupasi, serta wilayah tersebut masih dalam kedaulatannya berdasarkan Perjanjian San Fransisco. Akan tetapi, klaim Republik Korea lebih kuat di mata hukum internasional, bila memperhatikan fakta historis, tindakan yang telah dilakukan, preseden yang ada, serta prinsip efektivitas. Berdasarkan prinsip efektivitas dalam hukum internasional, kontrol efektif yang telah dilakukan Korea selama ini, bahkan sebelum Jepang masuk dan menganeksasi Dokdo atau Takeshima, telah mematahkan klaim terra nullius yang dikemukakan Jepang, dan meneguhkan klaim kedaulatan Korea atas Dokdo atau Takeshima. Hal tersebut sebagaimana yang juga berlaku dalam kasus Sipadan-Ligitan dan kasus Pulau Palmas.","PeriodicalId":32487,"journal":{"name":"Kertha Patrika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44271449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.24843/kp.2021.v43.i02.p03
I. P. Widiatedja
As a regulatory tool, spatial planning is important as it directs socio-economic development and prevents environmental and social damage by commercial and public projects. There should be an integrated spatial management to ensure the effective use of restricted spatial resources, balancing infrastructural, industrial and commercial business development with the available resources, including land, forest, and marine. However, the fragmented approach to spatial management has been thrived since the independence of Indonesia. The newly controversial Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation has emerged a big hope that Indonesia will end the fragmented approach to spatial management. However, this Law seems to maintain this approach by enacting four different governmental regulation for four spatial issues, namely land use planning; forestry; energy and mineral resources; and marine and fishery. This fragmented approach has adverse consequences as it leads to overlapping authorities that may end up with disharmony and conflicting regulations. Besides, the insistence to employ fragmented approach to spatial management has linked to oligarchy issue as shown by old older, new order and the regional autonomy era.
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Pub Date : 2021-04-27DOI: 10.24843/kp.2021.v43.i01.p05
R. Nugraha, Konrardus Elias Liat Tedemaking, Vicia Sacharissa
Ruang udara merupakan medium penting bagi Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan. Seiring perkembangan teknologi kedirgantaraan, kini kesejahteraan suatu negara semakin bergantung kepada pemanfaatan medium ini. Maka sangat berdasar menyatakan bahwa pengamanan ruang udara sebagai hal yang krusial. Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) Angkatan Udara bersama Kementerian Perhubungan menjadi garda terdepan dalam upaya menegakkan kedaulatan pada ruang udara nasional. Kehadiran Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Pengamanan Wilayah Udara pada tahun 2018 menguatkan landasan hukum dalam bertindak; diantaranya intersepsi hingga pendaratan paksa pesawat asing oleh TNI Angkatan Udara. Mengingat aktivitas penerbangan bersifat lintas batas negara, maka upaya pengamanan wilayah udara nasional erat bersinggungan dengan norma dan hukum internasional. Alhasil, ketentuan Rules of the Air hingga Artikel 3bis Konvensi Chicago 1944 terkait intersepsi pesawat sipil dengan mengedepankan keamanan dan keselamatan penerbangan menjadi tidak terpisahkan. Artikel ini akan membahas perihal intersepsi dari berbagai sudut pandang beserta kewenangan TNI Angkatan Udara maupun Kementerian Perhubungan. Perbandingan dengan hukum positif Thailand dilakukan guna memberikan masukan terhadap peraturan nasional, salah satunya perihal denda administratif yang bertujuan melindungi anggaran negara. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif berlaku dalam penulisan ini. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat suatu urgensi untuk menyempurnakan serta melakukan sinkronisasi hukum positif Indonesia terkait pengamanan wilayah udara nasional.
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Pub Date : 2021-04-27DOI: 10.24843/kp.2021.v43.i01.p03
P. Yasa, Cokorda Dalem Dahana
Taxes as a source of State revenue are very important objects because most of the types of State revenue come from taxes. Due to this condition, it is necessary to have firm regulation for both tax authorities and taxpayers to maximize revenue from the tax sector. This writing aims to analyze the legality aspects of local government authorities in collecting and auditing local taxes. This is a normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results show that local government has the authority to collect local taxes as a consequence of the concept of regional autonomy, which emphasized that regional revenue is a source of financing for regional development. The Law of Local Taxation and Retribution provides greater authority to regions than before in administering regional taxes and levies. The enactment of the Regional Government Law and the Central and Regional Financial Balancing Law then regulates the expansion of tax objects and the determination of tax rates. Meanwhile, audit action in regional taxation is one of the efforts to save financial management by testing the correctness of the sustainability of financial planning and operations that are recorded in the form of taxpayer financial statements. This audit effort is part of the tax collection process regulated in the General Provisions and Tax Procedures in an effort to enforce central and regional tax collection.
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Pub Date : 2021-04-27DOI: 10.24843/kp.2021.v43.i01.p04
Dewa Ayu Dian Sawitri, Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan
Keberadaan konten karya intelektual seperti lagu banyak disebarluaskan melalui transaksi elektronik oleh suatu entitas dengan merek tertentu. Spotify adalah salah satu entititas yang menawarkan akun premium yang menyediakan layanan streaming musik digital, podcast, serta video yang menyediakan jutaan lagu dan konten lain dari berbagai artis di seluruh dunia berbasis perjanjian lisensi. Namun, kecanggihan teknologi mempermudah konten premium tersebut diperjualbelikan melalui e-commerce. Penelitian ini mengkaji model perjanjian yang melandasi perlindungan penyebaran konten kekayaan intelektual serta potensi pelanggarannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konsep. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa model perjanjian yang melandasi penyebarluasan konten karya intelektual dalam transaksi e-commerce adalah perjanjian lisensi. Keberadaan perjanjian lisensi memberikan hak kepada pihak yang melesinsi untuk menggunakan dan mendapat perlindungan terkait penggunaan hak ekonominya. Penjualan dan penyebarluasan akun premium milik suatu entitas tertentu melalui situs belanja online atau e-commerce oleh pihak yang tidak memiliki lisensi dengan menggunakan merek tertentu seperti Spotify dapat dikategorikan sebagai pelanggaran atas merek. Entitas yang dirugikan dengan perbuatan penggunaan suatu merek tanpa izin, termasuk sebagai pemegang Hak Cipta atas lagu dapat mengajukan gugatan pelanggaran merek dan pelanggaran Hak Cipta.
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Pub Date : 2021-04-27DOI: 10.24843/kp.2021.v43.i01.p06
I. M. R. Jayantiari, A. A. O. Parwata, I. Laksana
Subak secara fungsional ada dalam tatanan masyarakat hukum adat Bali yang secara turun-temurun telah menjadi tumpuan untuk menyangga kesejahteraan anggota kesatuannya dengan filosofi Tri Hita Karana. Ditetapkannya subak sebagai warisan budaya dunia oleh UNESCO memunculkan problematika mulai terdesaknya subak seiring dengan pengaturan oleh hukum negara melalui berbagai kebijakan sesuai status subak tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan subak dalam kaitannya dengan ketentuan hukum negara yang berorientasi kesejahteraan sesuai harapan ideal krama (anggota) komunitas subak khususnya dan mewujudkan tujuan negara untuk memajukan kesejahteraan umum. Hal ini mengingat laju ekonomi dan pariwisata dominan mengarah pada komersialisasi subak. Metode yuridis normatif dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa orientasi kesejahteraan dalam pengaturan subak belum secara optimal dirumuskan karena masih ditentukan dalam berbagai aturan terkait subak. Apalagi terdapat inkonsistensi ketentuan dan dibentuknya Dewan Pengelola Warisan Budaya Bali, diantaranya adalah Badan Pengelola Daya Tarik Wisata sebagai pengelola subak yang lebih berpusat pada keuntungan ekonomi.
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Pub Date : 2021-04-27DOI: 10.24843/kp.2021.v43.i01.p02
Anton Hendrik Samudra
This paper identifies hoax as a cyberspace social problem which can have a negative impact toward public order, both in cyberspace and real life. It also elaborates how a hoax is different from fake news for its characteristic. A hoax could cause horizontal conflict, especially in Indonesia when it is about the most recent common political commodities, which are race, ethnicity, religion, intergroup (SARA). Every government has interest on maintaining public order to keep the sustainability of society. Criminal law is designed to be the ultimate tool of social engineering through deterrence effect. The problem is how far the law enforcement is going to go to eradicate the hoax spreading, because the issues of freedom of speech/information.The research is conducted by using a conceptual approach in a normative legal study. Secondary data also provided in this paper to grasp the factual problems as the threat that needed to be encountered. The first part of the paper elaborates the freedom of speech/information, cyberspace, and social media. The second part is explanation of profile of hoax in Indonesia. The third part is elaboration of criminal statutes of hoax distribution using information communication technology. The last part is on how far the government and law enforcement synergize and how far they going to go in handling hoaxes and the sources to prevent and contain further damage. The findings are the blocking and taking down is not just about depraving internet user’s rights, but balancing between the freedom and public order. In order to be justifiable and balanced, the government needs to consider objectively whether the content was a threat that disrupting public order (moreover, national security), while the law enforcement could confiscate the electronic system involved and it should have been through appropriate criminal procedure.
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Pub Date : 2021-04-27DOI: 10.24843/kp.2021.v43.i01.p01
Bayu Sujadmiko, H. Tisnanta, O. Davey
Local government requires a regulatory framework as a base of Genetically Modified Organisms’ (GMO) development and expansion in order to support food sovereignty. In regions of Indonesia, GMO products could be strengthened through local certification. The involvement of the government is vital in supporting the economical activities of entrepreneurs in certain regions. Researchers are interested in further discussion on, “Local Certification: Genetically Modified Organisms’ Commercialization”. The studies focus on the urgency for local certification in GMO products and the commercialization of local certification towards GMO Products of region in Indonesia. This is normative research through a statute approach, which concerns legal basis for local government authority regarding agricultural products’ affairs. The research suggested that urgency for local certification in every region is very much needed to bolster food production with GMO technology base as part of the geographical index product. In the implementation amongst society, the product could be supervised and developed to enhance local and national economic activities by paying attention to the quality of genetically modified products and its food safety. GMO commercialization is still constrained by permit on feed, food and environmental safety. Therefore, the Indonesian Government’s protection on GMO product commercialization is required, both from national and local governments through a local certification. The practice upon food local certification is implemented in several regions of Indonesia, such as West Sumatra by establishing an institution; Kebumen Regency by forming a food certification related regulation and Palembang City also by applying food certification.
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