Forensic Chemistry最新文献_第8页

Forensic characterization of spontaneous acetone peroxide formation from consumer-aged 2-propanol 消费者年龄的2-丙醇自发丙酮过氧化形成的法医鉴定

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2024.100623

Ryan M. Bain , Andrew Hawkins , Steve Linehan , John R. Stutzman

Numerous instances of well-aged consumer-grade 2-propanol (isopropanol) containing solid primary explosive material have been reported and turned over to the authorities. Herein, one such sample that was turned over to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has been analytically characterized to understand the solid primary explosive material as well as the liquid composition for forensic purposes. Upon examination by several analytical methodologies, the liquid phase of the sample contained isopropanol with measurable amounts of species indicative of isopropanol degradation and precursors to triacetone triperoxide. These species included acetone, methanol, acetic acid, isopropyl acetate, hydroxy-propanone, linear acetone peroxides, several atypical linear acetone peroxides species, and cyclic acetone peroxides (e.g., triacetone triperoxide). The solid material in the container was predominately triacetone triperoxide as well as diacetone diperoxide and tetraacetone tetraperoxide. Microscopic properties and x-ray powder diffractograms of the solid material recovered from the aged isopropanol differed from traditionally synthesized triacetone triperoxide. This comprehensive analysis serves as a reference and aid in analysis for forensic laboratories when alleged samples of spontaneously formed triacetone triperoxide are encountered.

已报告了许多含有固体初级炸药的老化良好的消费级2-丙醇（异丙醇）的实例，并已移交给当局。在此，向酒精、烟草、火器和爆炸物管理局移交的一个这样的样品已被分析表征，以了解固体初级爆炸物以及用于法医目的的液体成分。经过几种分析方法的检查，样品的液相含有异丙醇，具有可测量的异丙醇降解和三丙酮三过氧化物前体的物种数量。这些物质包括丙酮、甲醇、乙酸、醋酸异丙酯、羟基丙烷、线性丙酮过氧化物、几种非典型线性丙酮过氧化物和环丙酮过氧化物（如三过氧化物三丙酮）。容器中的固体物质主要为三过氧三丙酮、二过氧二丙酮和四过氧四丙酮。从老化异丙醇中回收的固体材料的显微性质和x射线粉末衍射图与传统合成的三过氧化三丙酮不同。这种全面的分析作为一个参考和帮助分析法医实验室时，所谓的样品自发形成的三丙酮三过氧化物遇到。

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引用次数: 0

Modification of screen-printed electrodes using gold nanostructures for SERS detection of low explosives 用金纳米结构修饰丝网印刷电极用于低炸药的SERS检测

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2024.100636

Thinnapong Wongpakdee , Duangjai Nacapricha , Bruce McCord

This study explores a novel application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as a highly sensitive analytical tool for forensic analysis. We utilized a screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) as a SERS active material, integrated with a portable Raman instrument for the rapid detection of low explosives. To enhance sensitivity while ensuring ease of handling, we conducted ex situ electrodeposition of gold nanostructures on the SPGE surface prior to analysis. The targeted molecules, comprising potassium nitrate (KNO₃), potassium perchlorate (KClO₄), sodium benzoate (C₆H₅COONa), diphenylamine (DPA) with its nitro derivatives, methyl centralite (MC) and ethyl centralite (EC), were studied using the proposed methodology. The developed system successfully provided distinctive SERS spectra fingerprints for low explosives (black powder, black powder substitutes, and smokeless powder) within seconds of analysis time. This approach holds promise for rapid, efficient, and accurate forensic analysis in real-world scenarios.

本研究探索了表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）作为法医分析的高灵敏度分析工具的新应用。我们利用丝网印刷金电极（SPGE）作为SERS活性材料，与便携式拉曼仪器集成，用于快速检测低炸药。为了提高灵敏度，同时确保易于操作，我们在分析之前在SPGE表面进行了金纳米结构的非原位电沉积。采用该方法研究了硝酸钾（KNO3）、高氯酸钾（KClO4）、苯甲酸钠（C6H5COONa）、二苯胺（DPA）及其硝基衍生物甲基中心石（MC）和乙基中心石（EC）。所开发的系统在几秒钟的分析时间内成功地为低炸药（黑火药、黑火药替代品和无烟火药）提供了独特的SERS光谱指纹。这种方法有望在现实场景中实现快速、高效和准确的法医分析。

引用次数: 0

Spectroscopy and chemometrics for differentiation of sex in human head hair fibers 人类头发纤维性别分化的光谱学和化学计量学

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2024.100632

Drew Mueller , Alexis Hecker , John V. Goodpaster

Human hair is one of the most common pieces of evidence in forensics, however, it lacks a non-destructive, time-efficient, methodology for qualitative information. With the already well-established method for fiber analysis in spectroscopy and the common presence of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and microspectrophotometry (MSP) instrumentation in forensics, this study proposes chemometric approach to differentiate hair fibers on the sex assigned at birth. The IR and MSP hair sample spectra from different sexes were collected and, following spectral pre-treatment and mid-level data fusion, were used to calibrate a neural network model with 99.6% accuracy and 99.4% validation accuracy through an external validation dataset. This approach provides a robust model with significant qualitative information for forensic investigations that can be easily applied in forensic labs across the world. These results represent a rather small population size which would need to be expanded for real-world forensic applications.

人类头发是法医学中最常见的证据之一，然而，它缺乏一种非破坏性的、时间效率高的定性信息方法。利用光谱学中已经建立的纤维分析方法以及法医学中普遍存在的傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）和显微分光光度法（MSP）仪器，本研究提出了化学计量学方法来区分出生时性别分配的头发纤维。收集不同性别毛发样本的IR和MSP光谱，经过光谱预处理和中级数据融合，通过外部验证数据集校准神经网络模型，准确率为99.6%，验证准确率为99.4%。这种方法为法医调查提供了一个强大的模型，具有重要的定性信息，可以很容易地应用于世界各地的法医实验室。这些结果代表了一个相当小的人口规模，需要扩大到现实世界的法医应用。

引用次数: 0

Characterizing nitrocellulose by nitration degree and molecular weight: A user-friendly yet powerful forensic comparison method for smokeless powders 硝化度和分子量表征硝化纤维素：一种用户友好但强大的无烟粉末法医比较方法

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2024.100637

Rick S. van den Hurk , Ids B. Lemmink , Jade R. van Schaik , Annemieke W.C. Hulsbergen , Ron A.H. Peters , Bob W.J. Pirok , Arian C. van Asten

Smokeless powders (SPs) are commonly used as propellant for ammunition but are also used as explosive component in improvised explosive devices. Therefore, its chemical characterization is of high importance when reporting forensic explosives investigations to a court of law. While conventional analytical strategies focus on the characterization of the additives in SPs, only few methods consider the main explosive component in SP, nitrocellulose (NC).

In this study, a user-friendly analytical method was developed for characterizing NC in SPs. The method employs size-exclusion chromatography combined with ultraviolet (UV) and refractive index (RI) detection. Through the size separation, the SP additives are separated from the polymeric NC because of their lower molecular weight. The novel part of the system lies in the simultaneous measurement of the molecular-weight distribution (MWD) and the nitration degree, thus boosting the discriminating power obtained from a single analysis. The combined use of two detectors enables a highly specific analysis, because the ratio between the UV and RI signal intensities is directly correlated with the nitration degree of NC. Characterizing the nitrocellulose demonstrated high discriminating powers of 98.95 % for the MWD and 92.65 % for the nitration degree using a set of 20 SP products. Combined, all sample pairs in our sample set could be distinguished.

The proposed method is not limited to product classification that is obtained from additive profiles, and potentially offers individualization at batch level. This method provides high discriminating power while requiring little financial investment with regards to instrumentation and maintenance.

无烟火药是常用的弹药推进剂，但也用作简易爆炸装置的爆炸成分。因此，在向法庭报告法医爆炸物调查时，其化学特性是非常重要的。传统的分析方法侧重于SP中添加剂的表征，而很少有方法考虑SP中的主要爆炸成分——硝化纤维素（NC）。在这项研究中，开发了一种用户友好的分析方法来表征SPs中的NC。该方法采用排色色谱法结合紫外（UV）和折射率（RI）检测。SP添加剂由于分子量较低，通过粒径分离，从聚合物NC中分离出来。该系统的新颖之处在于同时测量分子量分布（MWD）和硝化程度，从而提高了单次分析获得的判别能力。两种检测器的结合使用可以进行高度特异性的分析，因为UV和RI信号强度之间的比率与NC的硝化程度直接相关。用一组20个SP产品表征硝化纤维，对MWD和硝化度的识别率分别为98.95%和92.65%。综合起来，我们的样本集中的所有样本对都可以被区分。所提出的方法不限于从添加剂配置文件中获得的产品分类，并且可能在批量级别提供个性化。该方法提供了高判别能力，同时在仪器和维护方面需要很少的财务投资。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative analysis of cannabinoids by zone heat-assisted DART-MS with in-situ flash derivatization 区域热辅助DART-MS原位闪蒸衍生定量分析大麻素

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100641

Wen Dong , Junxiaohan Yuan , Xin Yang , Ning Zhang , Mengliang Zhang

Accurate quantitation of cannabinoids, particularly Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), is essential for regulatory compliance, forensic investigations, and cannabis product development. Traditional methods, such as liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry, provide reliable results but are time-consuming and resource-intensive. This study introduces a rapid and high-throughput analytical method using zone heat-assisted direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) combined with in-situ flash derivatization. The method employs trimethylphenylammonium hydroxide (TMPAH) for efficient derivatization, allowing for the differentiation of THC, CBD, and their acidic precursors, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). A custom heated transfer zone was implemented to enhance derivatization efficiency and reduce carryover effects. The method was optimized for reagent concentration and gas stream temperature, achieving high specificity by minimizing interference from isomeric cannabinoids. Validation studies demonstrate good accuracy (relative error within ±15.9 %) and precision (relative standard deviation ≤15 %), with limits of quantitation of 7.5 µg/mL for THC/CBD and 0.5 µg/mL for THCA/CBDA. Comparative analysis of cannabis samples showed a strong correlation with reference LC/MS results, highlighting the reliability of the proposed method. DART-MS offers a significant time advantage, requiring only 10 s per analysis, making it a promising tool for high-throughput screening of cannabis samples in forensic laboratories.

大麻素的准确定量，特别是Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol （THC）和大麻二酚（CBD），对于监管合规、法医调查和大麻产品开发至关重要。传统的方法，如液相色谱（LC）和气相色谱（GC）结合质谱法，可以提供可靠的结果，但耗时且资源密集。本研究介绍了一种快速、高通量的分析方法，使用区域热辅助实时质谱直接分析（DART-MS）结合原位闪蒸衍生。该方法采用三甲基苯基氢氧化铵（TMPAH）进行高效衍生化，允许THC， CBD及其酸性前体Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic酸（THCA）和大麻二酚酸（CBDA）的分化。采用定制的加热转移区，以提高衍生化效率，减少结转效应。该方法对试剂浓度和气流温度进行了优化，最大限度地减少了同分异构体大麻素的干扰，达到了高特异性。验证研究表明具有良好的准确度（相对误差在±15.9%以内）和精密度（相对标准偏差≤15%），THC/CBD的定量限为7.5µg/mL， THCA/CBDA的定量限为0.5µg/mL。大麻样品的对比分析结果与参考LC/MS结果具有较强的相关性，突出了所提方法的可靠性。DART-MS具有显著的时间优势，每次分析只需要10秒，使其成为法医实验室高通量筛选大麻样本的有前途的工具。

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引用次数: 0

DART-HRMS analysis as a screening method for hallucinogenic mushrooms 致幻蘑菇的DART-HRMS筛选方法

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2024.100629

Vanessa Braga Galhego, Raquel Capilla Loureiro Alves de Santana, Cecília de Andrade Bhering, Ananda da Silva Antonio, Gabriela Vanini

The global drug abuse scene is dynamic. After COVID-19 psilocin-containing mushrooms (PCM) reemerged in the international scenario. To identify illicit drugs, multiple analytical methods must be employed including triage (e.g. colorimetric test) and confirmatory tests (e.g. GC–MS). In addition, in many cases, only samples that give positive results in the triage method are taken to the confirmatory ones. However, colorimetric methods have several drawbacks in the analysis of complex unusual samples, such as the PCM, which can produce false-negative results. This study evaluated the feasibility of the ambient ionization technique direct analysis in real time – high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) as a triage method for the identification of PCM seized samples. A psilocin standard, edible mushrooms, and 5 seized PCM samples were used to establish the DART-HRMS instrumental setup required for psilocin analysis. The developed DART-HRMS method was compared to the triage method recommended for PCM screening analysis (Erlich’s test). While the analysis of psilocin solutions applied 300 V at the DART grid and carrier gas at 150 °C, the analysis of solid samples applied 300 V and 375 °C. All seized PCM samples presented negative results in Erlich’s test, while all of them were positive for psilocin by DART-HRMS. Based on the quality of the HRMS data it was possible to confirm that Erlich’s test results were false-negative for the seized samples. DART-HRMS presents itself as a fast, reliable, and trustworthy triage method for the qualitative identification of raw hallucinogenic mushrooms for criminal investigation.

全球滥用药物的情况是动态的。新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情后，含裸孢素蘑菇（PCM）再次出现在国际舞台上。为了识别非法药物，必须采用多种分析方法，包括分类（如比色试验）和确认试验（如气相色谱-质谱法）。此外，在许多情况下，只有在分诊方法中给出阳性结果的样本才会被带到确认的样本中。然而，比色法在分析复杂的异常样品（如PCM）时存在一些缺点，可能产生假阴性结果。本研究评估了环境电离技术实时高分辨率质谱直接分析（DART-HRMS）作为鉴别PCM检获样品的分诊方法的可行性。采用1个裸盖菇素标准品、食用菌和5个查获的PCM样品建立了裸盖菇素分析所需的DART-HRMS仪器装置。将开发的DART-HRMS方法与推荐用于PCM筛选分析的分诊方法（Erlich试验）进行比较。而对裸草素溶液的分析在DART网格下施加300 V，载气在150°C，对固体样品的分析施加300 V和375°C。所有查获的PCM样品Erlich’s检测均为阴性，而DART-HRMS检测均为psilocin阳性。根据HRMS数据的质量，有可能确认Erlich的检测结果对扣押的样品是假阴性的。DART-HRMS是一种快速、可靠、值得信赖的鉴别方法，可用于刑事调查的生致幻蘑菇的定性鉴定。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the incorporation of µ-XRF SDD systems in analytical workflows of black electrical tapes 在黑色电气胶带的分析工作流程中纳入μ -XRF SDD系统的评估

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2024.100638

Lacey Leatherland , Ruthmara Corzo , Charlotte Vogler , Addio Fiordigigli , Cedric Neumann , Tatiana Trejos

Micro-X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (µ-XRF) is a technique widely adopted in forensic laboratories that has recently experienced a significant improvement with silicon drift detectors (SDDs). However, the research lag in this area has not caught up with the emergent instrumental modernization. This study expands the current body of knowledge by addressing this gap and evaluating the optimal workflow to incorporate µ-XRF SDD methods in electrical tape examinations. The experimental design evaluates sample handling and chemical data interpretation when the tape needs to undergo latent fingerprint development. The dataset includes contemporary electrical tape from 45 rolls produced in four countries, seven manufacturers, ten brands, and various quality grades (high, medium, low); ten sections are sampled per roll. Pairwise comparisons (990) evaluate between-source discrimination and false inclusions. Also, the set contains five same-source rolls with 20 sections per roll to evaluate within-source variability and false exclusions (950 pairwise comparisons). Samples are examined by µ-XRF SDDs and three other conventional methods. Performance rates are reported for each technique alone and when used together to evaluate optimal combinations and analytical sequences. Due to high discrimination and classification abilities, it is recommended that µ-XRF analysis moves to the forefront of the analytical scheme after microscopic examination to optimize turnaround times, costs, and resources. Also, the study utilizes elemental ratio comparison intervals and quantitative similarity metrics that offer complementary information to reduce subjectivity in XRF spectral comparisons. The findings of this study are anticipated to assist forensic laboratories with improved protocols.

微x射线荧光光谱法（µ-XRF）是法医实验室广泛采用的一种技术，最近硅漂移检测器（sdd）得到了显著改进。然而，这一领域的研究滞后并没有跟上仪器现代化的发展。本研究通过解决这一差距并评估将μ -XRF SDD方法纳入电气胶带检查的最佳工作流程，扩展了当前的知识体系。实验设计评估了样品处理和化学数据解释时，磁带需要进行潜在指纹显影。该数据集包括来自四个国家，七个制造商，十个品牌和各种质量等级（高，中，低）生产的45卷现代电气胶带；每卷抽样10段。两两比较（990）评估源间歧视和错误包含。此外，该集合包含五个相同来源的卷，每个卷有20个部分，以评估源内变异性和错误排除（950成对比较）。样品通过微xrf sds和其他三种常规方法进行检测。单独报告每种技术的性能率，并在一起使用时评估最佳组合和分析序列。由于高分辨和分类能力，建议在显微镜检查后将µ-XRF分析移到分析方案的前沿，以优化周转时间，成本和资源。此外，该研究利用元素比比较间隔和定量相似性指标，提供补充信息，以减少XRF光谱比较中的主观性。预计这项研究的结果将协助法医实验室改进协议。

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引用次数: 0

GC-VUV spectroscopy of synthetic cannabinoid isomers, diastereomers and homologs: Increasing differentiation by derivative spectral processing 合成大麻素异构体、非对映体和同源物的GC-VUV光谱：通过导数光谱处理增加区分

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2024.100635

Annika Dombrowski, Diana Le, Ira S. Lurie

The increased prevalence of synthetic drugs has led to a rise in isomeric compounds on the market, resulting in a need for analysis techniques capable of distinguishing between these analytes. Previous research has investigated the potential of gas chromatography – vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (GC-VUV) for this purpose, demonstrating its complimentary nature to the more traditional gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS). This work reinforces the value of GC-VUV and demonstrates its potential for GC–MS-like specificity through the application of derivative analysis to VUV spectra. Seventeen JWH 018 positional isomers and six diastereomers, including two homologs, were analyzed by GC-VUV and derivative analysis. Library searches and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to compare the specificity of non-, first, and second derivative spectra. Derivative analysis was found to increase specificity in library searches by lowering the frequency of false hits, and in PCA by improving separation and clustering. This demonstrates the potential value of GC-VUV analysis in general, as well as of the implementation of derivative analysis for isomer identification.

合成药物的日益流行导致了市场上同分异构体化合物的增加，因此需要能够区分这些分析物的分析技术。之前的研究已经调查了气相色谱-真空紫外光谱（GC-VUV）在这方面的潜力，证明了它与更传统的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）的互补性质。本研究强化了GC-VUV的价值，并通过对VUV光谱的导数分析证明了其具有类似gc - ms的特异性的潜力。用GC-VUV和衍生物分析了17个JWH 018的位置异构体和6个非对映体，包括2个同源物。使用文库检索和主成分分析（PCA）来比较非导数、一阶导数和二阶导数光谱的特异性。衍生分析通过降低错误命中的频率来提高库搜索的特异性，通过改进分离和聚类来提高主成分分析的特异性。这表明了GC-VUV分析的潜在价值，以及对异构体鉴定的导数分析的实施。

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引用次数: 0

Determining extent and distribution of methamphetamine in cars: Air vs. surface vs. fabrics 确定甲基苯丙胺在汽车中的程度和分布：空气、表面和织物

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2024.100628

Gemma L. Kerry , Kirstin E. Ross , G. Stewart Walker , Jackie Wright

Methamphetamine can be manufactured or smoked in vehicles resulting in contamination. In addition, the transportation of drugs between place of manufacture and distribution can lead to contamination. Subsequent passengers or drivers of contaminated vehicles could be exposed to thirdhand drugs. Individuals exposed to thirdhand contamination have shown adverse health symptoms including respiratory problems, headaches, and behavioural and cognitive issues. Therefore, it is important to determine the overall methamphetamine contamination extent of cars to protect public health. This study was undertaken to determine the extent and distribution of contamination on surfaces, in air and from porous materials in two cars that tested positive for methamphetamine. Air sampling was performed in two cars using two sorbent tube types, followed by solvent desorption, and analysis using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Additionally, surface wipe sampling and bulk material sampling was performed for one of the contaminated cars that was going to be destroyed. These results demonstrated that methamphetamine can be detected in air, on the surfaces of non-porous and porous materials and from within porous materials. Results also demonstrated that methamphetamine was still detected from a second, third and fourth wipe sampling event of a plastic surface, indicating that there is a necessity for further research on testing and remediation in cars.

甲基苯丙胺可以在车辆中制造或吸食，从而造成污染。此外，药品在生产地和分销地之间的运输可能导致污染。受污染车辆的后续乘客或司机可能会接触到三手药物。接触三手污染的个人表现出不利的健康症状，包括呼吸问题、头痛以及行为和认知问题。因此，确定汽车甲基苯丙胺的总体污染程度对保护公众健康具有重要意义。进行这项研究是为了确定两辆甲基苯丙胺检测呈阳性的汽车表面、空气和多孔材料中污染的程度和分布。采用两种类型的吸附管在两辆车中进行空气采样，然后进行溶剂解吸，并使用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS /MS）进行分析。此外，对其中一辆即将被销毁的受污染汽车进行了表面擦拭取样和散装材料取样。这些结果表明，甲基苯丙胺可以在空气、非多孔材料和多孔材料表面以及多孔材料内部被检测到。结果还表明，在塑料表面的第二次，第三次和第四次擦拭取样事件中仍然检测到甲基苯丙胺，这表明有必要进一步研究汽车的测试和补救措施。

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引用次数: 0

The comparison of volatile organic compound profiles between human and non-human bones and its application to human remains detection dogs 人类与非人类骨骼中挥发性有机化合物的比较及其在遗骸检测犬上的应用

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100642

Marissa Tsontakis , Darshil Patel , Frédérique Ouimet , Clifford Samson , Wesley S Burr , Shari L. Forbes

Human Remains Detection (HRD) dogs are specifically trained to aid law enforcement agencies in search operations for deceased victims. Their olfactory sensitivity and specificity highlight the importance of choosing target odor sources for HRD training. While HRD dogs rely on olfactory cues to locate human remains, it is important to identify which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) they are alerting to among those released during the various stages of the human decomposition process. In this study, VOC profiles from human and non-human bones were collected and analyzed using thermal desorption coupled to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC × GC-TOFMS). The non-human decomposition VOC profiles were compared to human VOC profiles obtained from sections of amputated human limbs used as HRD training aids. These limb sections were previously decomposed to the dry remains/skeletonization stage. The olfactory responses of HRD dogs in the presence of these training aids and non-human remains were subsequently investigated with results demonstrating their capability in distinguishing human from non-human remains. Highlighting the differences in VOC profiles between human and non-human decomposition may help to enhance the sensitivity of HRD dogs to human remains while recognizing the importance of using human cadaveric material for training purposes.

人类遗骸探测犬（HRD）是专门训练来帮助执法机构在搜寻死者的行动。它们的嗅觉敏感性和特异性突出了选择目标气味源进行HRD训练的重要性。虽然HRD犬依靠嗅觉线索来定位人类遗体，但重要的是要确定在人体分解过程的各个阶段释放的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）中，它们需要警惕哪些。本研究采用热解吸-综合二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱（TD-GC × GC-TOFMS）分析了人骨和非人骨的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）谱。将非人体分解挥发性有机化合物（VOC）剖面与人类挥发性有机化合物（VOC）剖面进行比较，这些VOC剖面是从作为HRD训练辅助工具的人类截肢部分获得的。这些肢体切片先前被分解为干遗骸/骨骼化阶段。随后研究了HRD犬在这些训练辅助物和非人类遗骸面前的嗅觉反应，结果表明它们有能力区分人类和非人类遗骸。强调人体和非人体分解物中挥发性有机化合物特征的差异，可能有助于提高HRD犬对人类遗骸的敏感性，同时认识到使用人类尸体材料进行训练的重要性。

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引用次数: 0