Forensic Chemistry最新文献_第3页

Resonance-enhanced deep-UV Raman spectroscopy for MDMA identification in colored ecstasy tablets 共振增强深紫外拉曼光谱法鉴别彩色摇头丸中MDMA

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100704

Lars Jasperse , Merel C. Konings , Freek Ariese , Ruben F. Kranenburg

In forensic drug enforcement, there is a growing need for rapid and accurate on-site analysis of illicit substances. Effective field methods must work across a wide range of compounds, including emerging designer drugs diversifying the synthetic drug market. Spectroscopic techniques, particularly Raman spectroscopy, are promising due to their molecular specificity and portability. However, fluorescence interference limits their use for complex, colored, and/or impure samples.

This study explores the use of deep-ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy (DUV-RRS) for detecting MDMA in ecstasy tablets. Using a recently commercialized 248.6 nm NeCu laser, an in-house setup was built, and its performance was compared with two commercial handheld systems and a benchtop instrument. Unlike conventional Raman systems (785–1064 nm), DUV-RRS operates in a fluorescence-free region and benefits from resonance enhancement of vibrational modes linked to MDMA's aromatic ring. This enables selective, sensitive detection, even in low-dose or inhomogeneous tablets. MDMA was reliably detected at concentrations as low as 1 % w/w, as common excipients show no resonance enhancement at this wavelength. Distinct spectral differences were observed between MDMA and analogues or isomers. Crucially, DUV-RRS yielded clean, MDMA-specific spectra for colored samples, overcoming a key limitation of conventional Raman systems.

DUV-RRS is less suited for quantitative analysis, may face challenges with multiple absorbing substances, and the system is only semi-portable. Nonetheless, as DUV source miniaturization advances, DUV-RRS becomes an increasingly viable technique. In this context, it stands out as a strong alternative to long-wavelength Raman, offering clear benefits for selective, field-deployable identification of synthetic drugs in ecstasy tablets.

在法医毒品执法方面，越来越需要对非法物质进行快速和准确的现场分析。有效的现场方法必须适用于广泛的化合物，包括新兴的设计药物，使合成药物市场多样化。光谱技术，特别是拉曼光谱技术，由于其分子特异性和便携性而前景广阔。然而，荧光干扰限制了它们对复杂、有色和/或不纯样品的使用。本研究探讨了利用深紫外共振拉曼光谱（DUV-RRS）检测摇头丸中MDMA的方法。利用最近商业化的248.6 nm NeCu激光器，建立了内部装置，并将其性能与两种商用手持系统和台式仪器进行了比较。与传统的拉曼系统（785-1064 nm）不同，DUV-RRS在无荧光区域工作，并受益于与MDMA芳香环相连的振动模式的共振增强。这使得即使在低剂量或不均匀片剂中也能进行选择性、灵敏的检测。MDMA在低至1% w/w的浓度下可以可靠地检测到，因为普通赋形剂在该波长下没有共振增强。在MDMA和类似物或异构体之间观察到明显的光谱差异。至关重要的是，DUV-RRS为有色样品提供了干净的mdma特异性光谱，克服了传统拉曼系统的一个关键限制。DUV-RRS不太适合定量分析，可能面临多种吸收物质的挑战，并且系统只有半便携式。尽管如此，随着DUV源小型化的进步，DUV- rrs技术变得越来越可行。在这种情况下，它作为长波长拉曼的有力替代品脱颖而出，为选择性地、实地部署地识别摇头丸片中的合成药物提供了明显的好处。

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引用次数: 0

Forensic analysis of tetrahydrothiophene (THT) at gas explosion scenes: Adsorption–desorption dynamics on common substrates 瓦斯爆炸现场四氢噻吩（THT）的法医分析：在普通基质上的吸附-解吸动力学

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100703

Dong Han , Guan-Nan Zhang , Zhen-Wen Sun , Yao Liu

Tetrahydrothiophene (THT) is a common odorant in natural gas and plays a crucial role as key chemical evidence in post-explosion investigations. However, there has been limited research on the detection of THT in samples collected from gas explosion scenes. Headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was employed to systematically investigate the adsorption and desorption behavior of THT on three common substrates: soil, sponge, and fabric. The results indicate that the physical and chemical properties of the substrate significantly influence the retention of THT. Polyurethane sponge and flax fiber exhibit the highest adsorption capacity, attributed to their larger specific surface area and porous structure. With soil as the representative substrate, humidity significantly reduces physical adsorption efficiency. Desorption kinetics exhibit significant temperature dependence: THT is released markedly faster as temperature rises, whereas storage under low-temperature conditions substantially prolongs its persistence on the substrate. The limit of detection (LOD) of the proposed method is 0.05 ng/g in soil, thus affording sufficient sensitivity for ultra-trace analysis. These findings provide a critical scientific basis for on-site evidence collection (prioritizing dry, porous materials), optimizing evidence preservation (immediate low-temperature storage), and enhancing the accuracy of forensic evidence interpretation in gas explosion cases.

四氢噻吩（THT）是天然气中常见的气味物质，在爆炸后调查中作为关键化学证据发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，从瓦斯爆炸现场采集的样本中检测THT的研究有限。采用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）系统研究了THT在土壤、海绵和织物三种常见基质上的吸附和解吸行为。结果表明，基质的物理和化学性质显著影响THT的保留。聚氨酯海绵和亚麻纤维具有较大的比表面积和多孔结构，具有较高的吸附能力。以土壤为代表的基质，湿度会显著降低物理吸附效率。解吸动力学表现出明显的温度依赖性：THT随着温度升高而释放明显更快，而低温条件下的储存大大延长了其在基质上的持久性。该方法在土壤中的检出限（LOD）为0.05 ng/g，具有足够的灵敏度。这些发现为瓦斯爆炸现场取证（优先选择干燥、多孔材料）、优化证据保存（即时低温保存）、提高法医证据解释的准确性提供了重要的科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing a machine learning approach with traditional methods for forensic source attribution using chromatographic data 将机器学习方法与使用色谱数据进行法医源归属的传统方法进行比较

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100699

Jonas Malmborg , Ludvig Joborn , Mattias Beming , Anders Nordgaard , Ivo Alberink

引用次数: 0

Determination of the species identity of necrophagous insect puparial casings using field desorption mass spectrometry 用场解吸质谱法测定尸食性昆虫蛹壳的种类

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100702

Robert B. Cody , Alexa Figueroa , Jennifer Y. Rosati , Rabi A. Musah

Rapid approaches for accurate species identification of necrophagous insect evidence retrieved from decomposing remains is needed because of the importance of this information for the determination of postmortem interval. When the only materials available are the puparial casings from which the adult blow flies emerged, species assignment can very difficult because the casings are similar in appearance across many species. Reported here is a novel and rapid approach utilizing the soft ionization technique of field desorption-mass spectrometry (FD-MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis, for species identification of empty puparial cases of the 6 blow fly spp.: Calliphora latifrons, C. livida, C. vicina, Lucilia cuprina, L. sericata and Phormia regina. External validation samples were identified with 100 % accuracy. The chemical basis for the successful differentiation of species was the detection of masses associated with alkanes as large as C₅₅H₁₀₂, and sterols and esters as large as C₅₈H₁₁₈O₂, many of which have yet to be reported in the literature in association with insects. Other compounds were detected that were unique to particular species, such as 3-methyltricosane (C. vicina), 11,11-dimethylhenicosane (C. latifrons), 2-methylhexacosane (C. livida) and 11-decyltetracosane (L. sericata). There were 31 m/z values which were important for discrimination that were observed by FD-MS, but which could not be detected by GC due to their nonvolatility. Observation of these higher molecular weight molecules would enable prediction models to retain higher levels of accuracy even for samples that have undergone significant weathering, because of their resistance to evaporation.

从腐尸中提取的尸食性昆虫证据对于确定死后时间非常重要，因此需要快速准确的物种鉴定方法。当唯一可用的材料是成年吹蝇的羽壳时，物种分配非常困难，因为许多物种的羽壳在外观上是相似的。本文采用场解吸-质谱（FD-MS）软电离技术结合多元统计分析，对6种蝇类（Calliphora latifrons、C. livida、C. vicina、Lucilia cuprina、L. sericata和Phormia regina）的空蛹进行了快速鉴定。外部验证样品的识别准确度为100%。成功区分物种的化学基础是检测到大至C55H102的烷烃和大至C58H118O2的甾醇和酯类物质，其中许多与昆虫相关的物质文献中尚未报道。此外，还检出了3-甲基三糖烷（C. vicina）、11,11-二甲基苯二糖烷（C. latifrons）、2-甲基六糖烷（C. livida）和11-癸基四糖烷（L. sericata）等特有化合物。FD-MS检测到的31个m/z值对鉴别很重要，但GC检测不到，因为它们没有挥发性。对这些高分子量分子的观察将使预测模型保持更高的准确性，即使是那些经历了严重风化的样本，因为它们抵抗蒸发。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of oil-based ignitable liquid residues by GC–MS and DART–MS 油基可燃液体残留物的GC-MS和DART-MS分析

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100701

Wen Dong , Ngee Sing Chong , Qudus Ayodeji Thanni , Peter de Boves Harrington , Mengliang Zhang

Fatty acid-based ignitable liquids (ILs), such as biodiesels and bio-based lighter fluids, represent a growing class of accelerants with limited forensic characterization. In this study, we applied gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART–MS) to analyze plant oil-derived IL residues on wood and fabric substrates. ILs were prepared from ten different plant oils, subjected to burning, and extracted from fire debris using the ASTM E1412 activated charcoal method. GC–MS analysis resolved characteristic fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and identified diagnostic fragment ions (m/z 55, 67, 74, 79). The fragmentation patterns of unsaturated and saturated FAMEs were systematically examined and compared against experimental data and reference spectra from online databases, demonstrating strong agreement and validating the reliability of these ion ratios as qualitative indicators of FAME saturation. DART–MS enabled rapid confirmation of major unsaturated FAMEs through the detection of protonated molecular ions, offering complementary identification without chromatographic separation. Chemometric analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance-PCA revealed that FAME profiles were strongly dependent on the IL sources and remained reliable across replicate preparations and synthesis conditions, while substrate and combustion effects were mitigated using targeted ion extraction. These findings demonstrate the practical casework relevance of combining GC–MS and DART–MS for the detection and classification of fatty acid–based ILs in fire debris, providing robust chemical evidence to support arson investigations and to guide the inclusion of these emerging accelerants in forensic ignitable-liquid classification schemes.

脂肪酸基可燃液体（ILs），如生物柴油和生物基打火机液体，代表了一类日益增长的促进剂，但法医鉴定有限。本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）和直接实时质谱联用技术（DART-MS）对木材和织物基质上的植物油源性IL残留进行了分析。从10种不同的植物油中制备il，经过燃烧，并使用ASTM E1412活性炭方法从火灾碎片中提取。GC-MS分析分离了特征脂肪酸甲酯（FAMEs），并鉴定了诊断片段离子（m/z 55、67、74、79）。系统地检查了不饱和和饱和FAMEs的碎片模式，并与在线数据库中的实验数据和参考光谱进行了比较，证明了这些离子比率作为FAME饱和度定性指标的一致性和可靠性。通过检测质子化分子离子，DART-MS能够快速确认主要不饱和fame，无需色谱分离即可进行互补鉴定。利用主成分分析（PCA）和方差分析（variance-PCA）进行的化学计量分析表明，FAME谱与IL源密切相关，并且在重复制备和合成条件下保持可靠，而底物和燃烧效应通过靶向离子提取得到缓解。这些发现证明了结合GC-MS和DART-MS对火灾残骸中脂肪酸基助燃剂的检测和分类的实际案例相关性，为支持纵火调查提供了强有力的化学证据，并指导将这些新兴助燃剂纳入法医可燃液体分类方案。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of statistical multivariate analysis methods for chemical forensics profiling of a carbamate chemical warfare agent precursor 氨基甲酸酯类化学战剂前体化学取证分析的统计多元分析方法比较

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100700

Solja Säde , Martin Härkönen , Leena Kalliovirta , Hanna Hakulinen

In chemical forensics, statistical multivariate methods are used to assist in the source determination of samples with an unknown origin. Several suitable statistical methods exist and have been used in chemical forensics studies related to chemical warfare agents. When using these methods, the performance of the classification can often be improved by determining which variables, e.g. impurities, are most important for separating the classes. A variable selection method is therefore used to select the most important variables to be included in further classification analyses.

If multiple statistical and variable selection methods are used, they should yield similar results to ensure the comparability of analyses. In this study, the performance and comparability of statistical classification methods and variable selection methods were evaluated, using data relevant for chemical forensics. The statistical classification methods compared were principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), k-nearest neighbours (k‐NN), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The variable selection methods included were Fisher-ratio/Degree-of-class-separation (F-ratio/DCS), model weight values (w*), and variable importance in projection (VIP). The data sets obtained by using the three variable selection methods were used for the classification analyses, resulting in over 90 classification analyses. The classification results of PLS-DA, OPLS-DA, k-NN, and LDA were evaluated using test set samples class prediction, and these classification methods obtained highly similar results. However, the use of different variable selection methods led to higher variability in results.

在化学法医中，统计多元方法被用来协助确定来源不明的样品的来源。存在几种适当的统计方法，并已用于与化学战剂有关的化学法医研究。当使用这些方法时，通过确定哪些变量（例如杂质）对分类最重要，通常可以提高分类的性能。因此，使用变量选择方法来选择最重要的变量以纳入进一步的分类分析。如果使用多种统计和变量选择方法，它们应该产生相似的结果，以确保分析的可比性。在本研究中，使用与化学法医相关的数据，评估了统计分类方法和变量选择方法的性能和可比性。比较的统计分类方法有主成分分析（PCA）、层次聚类分析（HCA）、偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）、正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）、k-近邻（k‐NN）和线性判别分析（LDA）。变量选择方法包括Fisher-ratio/Degree-of-class-separation （F-ratio/DCS）、模型权重值（w*）和投影变量重要性（VIP）。使用三种变量选择方法获得的数据集进行分类分析，共进行了90多次分类分析。利用测试集样本分类预测对PLS-DA、OPLS-DA、k-NN和LDA的分类结果进行评价，这些分类方法得到了高度相似的结果。然而，使用不同的变量选择方法导致结果的变异性较大。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of cannabis plant materials by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis for differentiating low-THC and high-THC cannabis 大麻植物材料近红外光谱分析及多变量数据分析鉴别低四氢大麻酚和高四氢大麻酚

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100698

Ewelina Mistek-Morabito , Walter B. Wilson , Igor K. Lednev , Aaron A. Urbas

The changing legal status of Cannabis sativa and derived products has drawn global research interest. In the U.S., the 2018 Farm Bill removed hemp from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, defining it as cannabis containing ≤0.3 % total delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC) on a dry weight basis. This study explores near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with statistical data analysis as a rapid method for differentiating cannabis plant materials. Two main objectives were pursued: (i) classification of cannabis samples using a 2 % total Δ⁹-THC threshold and (ii) quantitative estimation of total Δ⁹-THC. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) yielded highly accurate classification models, with 98.9 % accuracy in cross-validation and 96.7 % accuracy in the test set (60/40 split). Only one high-cannabigerol (CBG) sample was misclassified. Partial least squares (PLS) regression produced two quantitative models: a full-range model and a low-range (<1 % Δ⁹-THC) model. The full-range model showed RMSECV and RMSEP of 0.673 % and 0.741 %, respectively; the low-range model showed improved performance with RMSECV of 0.079 % and RMSEP of 0.073 %. Two high-cannabidiol (CBD) samples (1–2 % Δ⁹-THC) were well predicted by the full-range model but poorly by the low-range model due to atypical THC/CBD ratios. Comparison of PLS loadings and spectra of pure cannabinoids indicated the low-THC model relied heavily on CBD features due to strong THC–CBD correlation. While further development is needed, these results demonstrate that NIR spectroscopy with multivariate analysis holds strong potential for rapid classification and quantification of Δ⁹-THC in cannabis plant materials.

大麻及其衍生产品的法律地位的变化引起了全球研究的兴趣。在美国，2018年的《农业法案》将大麻从《受控物质法案》的附表一中删除，将其定义为以干重为基础，含有总量≤0.3%的δ -9-四氢大麻酚（Δ9-THC）的大麻。本研究将近红外光谱与统计数据分析相结合，探索一种快速鉴别大麻植物材料的方法。两个主要目标是：(i)使用2%的总量Δ9-THC阈值对大麻样本进行分类；（ii）对总量Δ9-THC进行定量估计。偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）获得了高度准确的分类模型，交叉验证准确率为98.9%，测试集准确率为96.7%（60/40分割）。只有一个高大麻酚（CBG）样品被错误分类。偏最小二乘（PLS）回归产生了两个定量模型：全范围模型和低范围（< 1% Δ9-THC）模型。全量程模型的RMSECV和RMSEP分别为0.673%和0.741%；低范围模型的RMSECV为0.079%，RMSEP为0.073%，表现出较好的性能。两个高大麻二酚（CBD）样品（1 - 2% Δ9-THC）被全范围模型很好地预测，但由于非典型的THC/CBD比率，低范围模型的预测很差。PLS负载和纯大麻素光谱的比较表明，由于THC-CBD相关性强，低thc模型严重依赖CBD特征。虽然需要进一步发展，但这些结果表明，近红外光谱与多变量分析在大麻植物材料中Δ9-THC的快速分类和定量方面具有很大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

The forensic value of spectral silence: FTIR results with little or no absorption — A technical note 光谱沉默的法医价值：很少或没有吸收的FTIR结果-技术说明

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100697

Lúcio Paulo Lima Logrado

引用次数: 0

Development and evaluation of a washing method for the removal of drugs infused on clothing 一种去除衣物上浸渍药物的洗涤方法的研制与评价

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100695

Purva Chavan , Caitlyn Norman , Victoria Marland , Bronagh Murphy , Autumn Cracknell , Christopher R. Pudney , Niamh Nic Daéid , Hervé Ménard

The presence of drugs, particularly new psychoactive substances (NPS), like synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) and novel benzodiazepines, infused in clothes sent to prisons necessitates the development of an effective and non-destructive removal method. The purpose of this study was to devise and assess a laboratory-scale washing method to effectively remove drugs infused in clothing. Small-scale laboratory experiments were performed on different textile types infused with a range of SCRAs commonly encountered within the Scottish Prison estate to test various washing conditions, including temperature, detergent types and concentrations. Large-scale laboratory experiments were performed to extend the applicability of the method to realistic scenarios. The study demonstrates that washing the infused clothes with a minimal amount of detergent currently used by the Scottish Prison Service (4–8 μg/mL) at 40 °C effectively removes up to 98 % of the drug compared to only about 28 % with water alone. Distinctive drug removal percentages were observed among different textile types, with cotton and wool exhibiting the highest drug removal percentage and polyamide and cotton-elastane the least. Drug transfer from infused to blank textiles was limited, with only a small fraction of the initial amount retained. The implications of this method can be applied to prisons worldwide, effectively mitigating drug-related issues and ensuring the safety of both prisoners and prison staff.

毒品的存在，特别是新的精神活性物质（NPS），如合成大麻素受体激动剂（scra）和新型苯二氮卓类药物，被注入监狱的衣服中，需要开发一种有效和非破坏性的清除方法。本研究的目的是设计和评估一种实验室规模的洗涤方法，以有效地去除衣物中注入的药物。在不同类型的纺织品上进行了小规模的实验室实验，这些纺织品注入了苏格兰监狱庄园中常见的一系列scra，以测试各种洗涤条件，包括温度、洗涤剂类型和浓度。进行了大规模的实验室实验，以扩展该方法在现实场景中的适用性。研究表明，用苏格兰监狱目前使用的少量洗涤剂（4-8 μg/mL）在40°C下洗涤注入的衣服，可以有效去除高达98%的毒品，而单独用水只能去除约28%的毒品。不同类型的织物对药物的去除率不同，棉花和羊毛的去除率最高，聚酰胺和棉弹性纤维的去除率最低。药物从注入到空白纺织品的转移是有限的，只保留了初始量的一小部分。这种方法的影响可以适用于世界各地的监狱，有效地减轻与毒品有关的问题，并确保囚犯和监狱工作人员的安全。

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引用次数: 0

N-desethyl isotonitazene in fake oxycodone tablets seized in Portugal: the first notification in Europe 在葡萄牙检获含假羟考酮片的n -去乙基异戊二烯：欧洲的第一份通报

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2025.100696

Carla Filipa Ferreira , Alexandra M.M. Antunes , Helena Gaspar , Maria João Caldeira

Nitazenes class emerged in the mid-1950s as an attempt to develop safer and more effective opioid analgesics for medical applications. This led to the discovery of a series of 2-benzylbenzimidazole derivatives, which exhibited analgesic potency several orders of magnitude higher than that of morphine. However, these derivatives were never approved for medical use due to their risk of dependence and overdose. Thus, nitazenes appear to be even more potent than fentanyl, raising concerns about their high overdose potential increasing number of related fatalities. The principal aim of this study was to report the first identification of a nitazene in Portugal, which was identified in fake oxycodone tablets seized by Portuguese Criminal Police and analysed by Portuguese Forensic Science Laboratory in collaboration with the University of Lisbon. To address the challenges in identifying new emerging drugs, such as the lack of standards and the possibility of structural isomers, the N-desethyl isotonitazene was successfully identified in the tablets using a combination of complementary techniques, including GC–MS, LC-HRMS/MS, NMR and FTIR. Notably, this represented the first recorded occurrence of this nitazene in Europe. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of fake oxycodone tablet containing N-desethyl isotonitazene. This work also contributed to formally notifying the EU Early Warning System on New Psychoactive Substances in December of 2023.

nitazene类出现于20世纪50年代中期，试图开发更安全，更有效的阿片类镇痛药用于医疗应用。这导致了一系列2-苄基苯并咪唑衍生物的发现，其镇痛效力比吗啡高几个数量级。然而，由于这些衍生物存在依赖和过量的风险，它们从未被批准用于医疗用途。因此，nitazene似乎比芬太尼更有效，引起了人们对其过量服用的可能性的担忧，从而增加了相关死亡人数。本研究的主要目的是报告在葡萄牙首次鉴定出一种nitazene，这种nitazene是在葡萄牙刑事警察查获的假羟考酮片中鉴定出来的，并由葡萄牙法医学实验室与里斯本大学合作进行分析。为了解决鉴定新兴药物缺乏标准和可能存在结构异构体等难题，采用互补技术，包括GC-MS、LC-HRMS/MS、NMR和FTIR，成功鉴定了片剂中的n -去乙基异戊二烯。值得注意的是，这是欧洲首次记录到这种nitazene。此外，据我们所知，这是第一次报道含有n -去乙基异戊二烯的假羟考酮片。这项工作还有助于在2023年12月正式通知欧盟新精神活性物质预警系统。

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引用次数: 0