R. Shalini, Kaliyaperumal Pushpa, P. Mangaiyarkkarasi, Sivakami Thiagarajan
Introduction: The lumbar vertebrae are affected in conditions such as congenital defects, degenerative diseases, accidents, and cancer metastasis. A thorough knowledge of the morphometry of typical and atypical lumbar vertebrae in adults of South Indian population is needed for lumbar spine surgeries. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was done on 200 dry lumbar vertebrae, of which 100 were typical and 100 were atypical lumbar vertebrae. The following dimensions of both typical and atypical lumbar vertebrae were measured with digital vernier calipers: anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the body; anterior and posterior body heights; anteroposterior and transverse diameters of vertebral foramen; height, breadth, and width of the laminae; length, height, and width of the pedicles; transverse processes and spinous process; distance between the two superior articular processes; and the distance between the two inferior articular processes. All the measurements were tabulated. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for each of the parameters and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the body, the height of the laminae on both sides, the length and height of the spinous process, and the distance between the superior articular facets were significantly longer in atypical lumbar vertebrae than that of typical lumbar vertebrae (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in measurements between both sides. Conclusion: The dimensions of vertebral foramen, transverse processes, spinous processes, and distance between articular processes were different from the dimensions of previous studies. The morphometric data obtained will be useful for orthopedic procedures on the lumbar vertebrae in South Indian population.
{"title":"A morphometric study of typical and atypical lumbar vertebrae in South Indian population","authors":"R. Shalini, Kaliyaperumal Pushpa, P. Mangaiyarkkarasi, Sivakami Thiagarajan","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The lumbar vertebrae are affected in conditions such as congenital defects, degenerative diseases, accidents, and cancer metastasis. A thorough knowledge of the morphometry of typical and atypical lumbar vertebrae in adults of South Indian population is needed for lumbar spine surgeries. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was done on 200 dry lumbar vertebrae, of which 100 were typical and 100 were atypical lumbar vertebrae. The following dimensions of both typical and atypical lumbar vertebrae were measured with digital vernier calipers: anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the body; anterior and posterior body heights; anteroposterior and transverse diameters of vertebral foramen; height, breadth, and width of the laminae; length, height, and width of the pedicles; transverse processes and spinous process; distance between the two superior articular processes; and the distance between the two inferior articular processes. All the measurements were tabulated. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for each of the parameters and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the body, the height of the laminae on both sides, the length and height of the spinous process, and the distance between the superior articular facets were significantly longer in atypical lumbar vertebrae than that of typical lumbar vertebrae (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in measurements between both sides. Conclusion: The dimensions of vertebral foramen, transverse processes, spinous processes, and distance between articular processes were different from the dimensions of previous studies. The morphometric data obtained will be useful for orthopedic procedures on the lumbar vertebrae in South Indian population.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"1 1","pages":"14 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90651657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Agarwal, K. Gopal, A. Agrawal, Manisha Naithani, Sudhahar Tamizhan
Introduction: Cardiac venous system is an important system for various cardiac interventional procedures such as cardiac catheterization. Various veins like right marginal vein, small cardiac vein (SCV), posterior vein of the left ventricle, left marginal vein, oblique vein of Marshall drain into coronary sinus. While anterior cardiac veins drain right ventricular wall directly into right atrium. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on thirty cadaveric hearts during a 2-year period in Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Anatomy Department. The length, diameter of SCV, left marginal vein, posterior vein of the left ventricle, right marginal vein, and oblique vein of Marshall were taken. Results: The study reveals the length of SCV as 28.12 ± 22.87 mm. The length of right marginal vein and posterior vein of the left ventricle is having a significant correlation with age. The length of oblique vein of Marshall is lower in males as compared to females. A number of ACVs were significantly related to weight of cadaver in males. Conclusions: The present study provides data of cardiac veins for various cardiac interventional procedures.
{"title":"Morphological study of small cardiac vein, right marginal vein, posterior vein of the left ventricle, left marginal vein, oblique vein of marshall, and anterior cardiac veins in human hearts of western region of U.P – Clinical implication","authors":"J. Agarwal, K. Gopal, A. Agrawal, Manisha Naithani, Sudhahar Tamizhan","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_30_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_30_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cardiac venous system is an important system for various cardiac interventional procedures such as cardiac catheterization. Various veins like right marginal vein, small cardiac vein (SCV), posterior vein of the left ventricle, left marginal vein, oblique vein of Marshall drain into coronary sinus. While anterior cardiac veins drain right ventricular wall directly into right atrium. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on thirty cadaveric hearts during a 2-year period in Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Anatomy Department. The length, diameter of SCV, left marginal vein, posterior vein of the left ventricle, right marginal vein, and oblique vein of Marshall were taken. Results: The study reveals the length of SCV as 28.12 ± 22.87 mm. The length of right marginal vein and posterior vein of the left ventricle is having a significant correlation with age. The length of oblique vein of Marshall is lower in males as compared to females. A number of ACVs were significantly related to weight of cadaver in males. Conclusions: The present study provides data of cardiac veins for various cardiac interventional procedures.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"9 1","pages":"34 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91246784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gurbax Singh, P. Jolly, Sumit Prinja, A. S. Bawa, A. Vignesh
Introduction: Adenoidectomy is currently considered the treatment of choice for relief of the nasal airway obstruction due to adenoid hypertrophy. Evidence suggests that topical nasal steroid sprays can cause a reduction in adenoid size. We aim to compare the effectiveness of fluticasone propionate, mometasone furoate (MF) and saline nasal sprays in relieving the signs and symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy and in reducing the size of the adenoids. Materials and Methods: We conducted a randomized comparative study on 60 patients divided into three groups A, B, C (20 each). Group A patients treated with fluticasone propionate nasal spray (400 μg/day), Group B patients treated with MF nasal spray (100 μg/day), and Group C patients treated with saline spray (0.65% w/v in purified water which is made isotonic and buffered). Treatment was given up to 12 weeks with follow-up at 4, 8, and 12 weeks and at each follow-up visit assessment was done. Final data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and numerical variables associated with different groups were analyzed and analysis of variance test was used. Results: Diagnostic nasal endoscopy and X-ray grades at day 1 among the study groups were not statistically significant, whereas, at 12 weeks results among fluticasone and mometasone groups were significantly better (P < 0.001) as compared to the saline group. There was a significant improvement in the symptoms under all the categories with the use of fluticasone and mometasone. Conclusion: In our study, both fluticasone propionate and MF were able to effectively reduce symptoms and signs of adenoid hypertrophy as well as help in reducing the size of the enlarged adenoid. Both these drugs were well tolerated by the patients.
{"title":"A comparative study of fluticasone propionate, mometasone furoate, and saline nasal spray in the treatment of children with adenoid hypertrophy}","authors":"Gurbax Singh, P. Jolly, Sumit Prinja, A. S. Bawa, A. Vignesh","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_38_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_38_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adenoidectomy is currently considered the treatment of choice for relief of the nasal airway obstruction due to adenoid hypertrophy. Evidence suggests that topical nasal steroid sprays can cause a reduction in adenoid size. We aim to compare the effectiveness of fluticasone propionate, mometasone furoate (MF) and saline nasal sprays in relieving the signs and symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy and in reducing the size of the adenoids. Materials and Methods: We conducted a randomized comparative study on 60 patients divided into three groups A, B, C (20 each). Group A patients treated with fluticasone propionate nasal spray (400 μg/day), Group B patients treated with MF nasal spray (100 μg/day), and Group C patients treated with saline spray (0.65% w/v in purified water which is made isotonic and buffered). Treatment was given up to 12 weeks with follow-up at 4, 8, and 12 weeks and at each follow-up visit assessment was done. Final data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and numerical variables associated with different groups were analyzed and analysis of variance test was used. Results: Diagnostic nasal endoscopy and X-ray grades at day 1 among the study groups were not statistically significant, whereas, at 12 weeks results among fluticasone and mometasone groups were significantly better (P < 0.001) as compared to the saline group. There was a significant improvement in the symptoms under all the categories with the use of fluticasone and mometasone. Conclusion: In our study, both fluticasone propionate and MF were able to effectively reduce symptoms and signs of adenoid hypertrophy as well as help in reducing the size of the enlarged adenoid. Both these drugs were well tolerated by the patients.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"80 1","pages":"59 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88580758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Guided imagery (GI) is a mind–body intervention, in which individuals generate mental images of pleasant objects or events in their minds. These mental images produce positivity and alter the perception of headaches and other pain disorders. A review of literature suggests that GI is an effective psychological treatment for tension-type headache (TTH) and state-trait anxiety. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the efficacy of GI on TTH associated with state-trait anxiety and to compare its efficacy with treatment as usual (TAU). Materials and Methods: Forty treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with TTH were selected from the psychiatry outpatient department through purposive sampling method. The Henry Ford Hospital Headache Disability Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults were administered on all the patients for baseline data. Experimental group (n = 20) were given eight sessions of GI along with TAU for 2 months, whereas waitlist group (n = 20) were given only TAU. Results: A Significant positive association was obtained between emotional and functional disability of headache and state-trait anxiety at baseline. Postassessment findings demonstrated a significant reduction in severity and frequency of TTH, emotional and functional disability, and state-trait anxiety in the experimental group receiving GI as compared to the waitlist group. Conclusion: Patients living with TTH more commonly suffer from state-trait anxiety. Those patients who were given GI along with TAU for 2 months improved on severity and frequency of TTH, emotional and functional disability of TTH, and state-trait anxiety more effectively than those patients receiving only TAU. Consequently, it can be said that GI is an effective treatment for TTH and state-trait anxiety as compared to TAU.
{"title":"Guided imagery intervention for the treatment of tension-type headache associated with state-trait anxiety","authors":"Kehksha","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_80_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_80_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Guided imagery (GI) is a mind–body intervention, in which individuals generate mental images of pleasant objects or events in their minds. These mental images produce positivity and alter the perception of headaches and other pain disorders. A review of literature suggests that GI is an effective psychological treatment for tension-type headache (TTH) and state-trait anxiety. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the efficacy of GI on TTH associated with state-trait anxiety and to compare its efficacy with treatment as usual (TAU). Materials and Methods: Forty treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with TTH were selected from the psychiatry outpatient department through purposive sampling method. The Henry Ford Hospital Headache Disability Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults were administered on all the patients for baseline data. Experimental group (n = 20) were given eight sessions of GI along with TAU for 2 months, whereas waitlist group (n = 20) were given only TAU. Results: A Significant positive association was obtained between emotional and functional disability of headache and state-trait anxiety at baseline. Postassessment findings demonstrated a significant reduction in severity and frequency of TTH, emotional and functional disability, and state-trait anxiety in the experimental group receiving GI as compared to the waitlist group. Conclusion: Patients living with TTH more commonly suffer from state-trait anxiety. Those patients who were given GI along with TAU for 2 months improved on severity and frequency of TTH, emotional and functional disability of TTH, and state-trait anxiety more effectively than those patients receiving only TAU. Consequently, it can be said that GI is an effective treatment for TTH and state-trait anxiety as compared to TAU.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"150 1","pages":"141 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74430869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Soumya, D. Rajalakshmi, S. Kulkarni, R. Devi, V. Kulkarni
Introduction: Clinically, all trophoblastic lesions are frequently combined under a broad spectrum of gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) without the use of specific pathological terms. However, studies now demonstrate that various forms of GTDs demonstrate differences in etiology, histogenesis, morphology, and clinical behavior. Thus, the need for diagnostic histopathology of these lesions to distinguish gestational trophoblastic neoplasms from nonneoplastic lesions and molar pregnancies and also for early anticipation for early anticipation, risk category stratification, prognostication, management, and prediction of persistent GTD. Our study aimed to study the histomorphological patterns of various types of GTD with light microscopy and the pattern of occurrence of GTDs in relation to age, parity, and gestation. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of pathology, from January 2020 to April 2022. All GTDs confirmed by histopathological examination by hematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides were included. Results: The spectrum of GTDs found in this study was seventy cases of hydatidiform mole (92.10%), three cases of exaggerated placental site (EPS) reaction (3.94%), and two cases of choriocarcinoma (2.63%) and one case (1.31%) of placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). The most common presenting symptom was vaginal bleeding (93.42%). Conclusion: Hydatidiform mole forms the most common type of GTD with an incidence of complete moles more than partial moles. Histomorphological examination and analysis are helpful for confirmatory diagnosis. The most common clinical presentation of GTD was vaginal bleeding followed by amenorrhea. Emphasis on detailed descriptive morphological assessment can help in the histological distinction of benign lesions such as EPS reaction and placental site nodule and avert such cases from being erroneously diagnosed as neoplastic. The Ki-67 proliferation index helped in distinguishing the EPS reaction from neoplastic lesions such as PSTT which requires surgical intervention and chemotherapy.
{"title":"Histomorphological analysis of gestational trophoblastic disease spectrum with clinicopathological correlation at a teaching hospital","authors":"B. Soumya, D. Rajalakshmi, S. Kulkarni, R. Devi, V. Kulkarni","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_84_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_84_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Clinically, all trophoblastic lesions are frequently combined under a broad spectrum of gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) without the use of specific pathological terms. However, studies now demonstrate that various forms of GTDs demonstrate differences in etiology, histogenesis, morphology, and clinical behavior. Thus, the need for diagnostic histopathology of these lesions to distinguish gestational trophoblastic neoplasms from nonneoplastic lesions and molar pregnancies and also for early anticipation for early anticipation, risk category stratification, prognostication, management, and prediction of persistent GTD. Our study aimed to study the histomorphological patterns of various types of GTD with light microscopy and the pattern of occurrence of GTDs in relation to age, parity, and gestation. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of pathology, from January 2020 to April 2022. All GTDs confirmed by histopathological examination by hematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides were included. Results: The spectrum of GTDs found in this study was seventy cases of hydatidiform mole (92.10%), three cases of exaggerated placental site (EPS) reaction (3.94%), and two cases of choriocarcinoma (2.63%) and one case (1.31%) of placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). The most common presenting symptom was vaginal bleeding (93.42%). Conclusion: Hydatidiform mole forms the most common type of GTD with an incidence of complete moles more than partial moles. Histomorphological examination and analysis are helpful for confirmatory diagnosis. The most common clinical presentation of GTD was vaginal bleeding followed by amenorrhea. Emphasis on detailed descriptive morphological assessment can help in the histological distinction of benign lesions such as EPS reaction and placental site nodule and avert such cases from being erroneously diagnosed as neoplastic. The Ki-67 proliferation index helped in distinguishing the EPS reaction from neoplastic lesions such as PSTT which requires surgical intervention and chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"155 1","pages":"147 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77127700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adwitiya Das, M. Datta, S. Banerjee, Soumitra Mondal
Introduction: Workplace violence (WPV) toward health-care workers is increasing. The present study aims to estimate the proportion of resident doctors and interns of a tertiary care hospital who experienced WPV, to find out the perpetrators of WPV, and to ascertain any association between WPV and work-related stress. Materials and Methods: This observational, institution-based, cross-sectional study included resident doctors and interns working in six different departments of a tertiary care hospital. Data collection was done using a predesigned, pretested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire adapted and validated from the "WPV in the health sector survey questionnaire" from WHO along with "Perceived occupational stress scale." Results: Out of 323 participants, 247 (76.47%) experienced some form of WPV, 138 (42.72%) experienced physical violence and 203 (62.85%) experienced psychological violence. Patient relatives were reported as the only perpetrators of physical violence, while seniors of the study subjects were reported as main perpetrators of psychological violence. One hundred and thirty-four (42%) individuals reported work-related stress. On multivariate analysis, psychological violence was significantly associated with work-related stress. Conclusion: WPV was experienced by a high proportion of study subjects. Psychological violence was more frequently experienced, and senior colleagues were deemed responsible in most cases. WPV may be associated with work-related stress.
{"title":"Workplace violence as a predictor of work-related stress among doctors","authors":"Adwitiya Das, M. Datta, S. Banerjee, Soumitra Mondal","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_27_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_27_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Workplace violence (WPV) toward health-care workers is increasing. The present study aims to estimate the proportion of resident doctors and interns of a tertiary care hospital who experienced WPV, to find out the perpetrators of WPV, and to ascertain any association between WPV and work-related stress. Materials and Methods: This observational, institution-based, cross-sectional study included resident doctors and interns working in six different departments of a tertiary care hospital. Data collection was done using a predesigned, pretested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire adapted and validated from the \"WPV in the health sector survey questionnaire\" from WHO along with \"Perceived occupational stress scale.\" Results: Out of 323 participants, 247 (76.47%) experienced some form of WPV, 138 (42.72%) experienced physical violence and 203 (62.85%) experienced psychological violence. Patient relatives were reported as the only perpetrators of physical violence, while seniors of the study subjects were reported as main perpetrators of psychological violence. One hundred and thirty-four (42%) individuals reported work-related stress. On multivariate analysis, psychological violence was significantly associated with work-related stress. Conclusion: WPV was experienced by a high proportion of study subjects. Psychological violence was more frequently experienced, and senior colleagues were deemed responsible in most cases. WPV may be associated with work-related stress.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"55 1","pages":"93 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77619703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: With the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital learning has been implemented in medical colleges across India to continue the ongoing medical education. Anatomy is the basis of medical science and is best learned through offline classes that allow students to experience the texture of structures and handling of specimens. During this pandemic period, cadaveric dissection was not used to study anatomy. The aim of this study was to learn about students' attitudes regarding virtual teaching and learning in anatomy, as well as the problems they may confront. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of anatomy among the 50 1st-year MBBS students of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot in April 2021. Google Forms were used to obtain informed consent from students. Prevalidated questionnaires were given online to the students and responses were noted and descriptive statistical data was derived from the analysis. Results: About 37 (74%) respondents found traditional classes are better than online teaching. Majority preferred to attend anatomy practicals offline with safety precautions. About 17 (34%) showed interest in prerecorded videos. About 35 (60%) students faced social isolation as an impact of online learning. Technical issues and distractions were the key problems faced while learning anatomy online. Conclusion: Prerecorded videos of the practicals are helpful in teaching anatomy practicals, and can be used in future to ensure an unbroken, continuous, and effective delivery of medical education.
{"title":"Practical anatomy online learning among COVID-19 pandemic era: perceptions of 1st-year MBBS students","authors":"S. Philip, Ranjna Janagal, R. Garg, S. Mehra","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_52_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_52_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: With the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital learning has been implemented in medical colleges across India to continue the ongoing medical education. Anatomy is the basis of medical science and is best learned through offline classes that allow students to experience the texture of structures and handling of specimens. During this pandemic period, cadaveric dissection was not used to study anatomy. The aim of this study was to learn about students' attitudes regarding virtual teaching and learning in anatomy, as well as the problems they may confront. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of anatomy among the 50 1st-year MBBS students of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot in April 2021. Google Forms were used to obtain informed consent from students. Prevalidated questionnaires were given online to the students and responses were noted and descriptive statistical data was derived from the analysis. Results: About 37 (74%) respondents found traditional classes are better than online teaching. Majority preferred to attend anatomy practicals offline with safety precautions. About 17 (34%) showed interest in prerecorded videos. About 35 (60%) students faced social isolation as an impact of online learning. Technical issues and distractions were the key problems faced while learning anatomy online. Conclusion: Prerecorded videos of the practicals are helpful in teaching anatomy practicals, and can be used in future to ensure an unbroken, continuous, and effective delivery of medical education.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"24 1","pages":"104 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87198516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Brain metastasis (BM) is significantly seen in lung adenocarcinoma and adversely affects survival. We aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the prognosis in patients with BM diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: Patients with BM between 2012 and 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic characteristics of the patients, primary tumor characteristics, presence of mutation, BM number, localization, size, development time, and treatment characteristics were evaluated. Inflammatory indices at the time of BM were examined. The overall survival time was calculated. Results: About 92.9% of 113 patients were male, the median age was 62 years (54.5–68.5), and follow-up was 8 months (3–18). BM was detected at the time of diagnosis in 62 (54.9%) of the patients, whereas BM developed later in 51 (45.1%) patients. Systemic treatment was applied to 72.5% of the patients. Survival was lower in patients with BM at diagnosis (4 vs. 14 months, P < 0.001). Primary tumor maximum standardized uptake value level was higher on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography at diagnosis in patients with late BM (P = 0.004). The development time of BM was 9 months (4–16), and the median survival was 8 months (6.2–9.8). There was no difference between tumor localization or inflammatory indices and the development of BM and prognosis. The presence of BM at diagnosis and lack of systemic treatment were found to be factors that independently reduced survival (P < 0.001, P = 0.007). Conclusion: The presence of BM at diagnosis significantly reduces survival. It has been observed that systemic treatments applied in addition to local treatments have a positive effect on the prognosis.
{"title":"Prognostic factors in lung adenocarcinoma with brain metastasis","authors":"E. Karaman, Sema Yilmaz Rakici","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_61_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_61_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Brain metastasis (BM) is significantly seen in lung adenocarcinoma and adversely affects survival. We aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the prognosis in patients with BM diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: Patients with BM between 2012 and 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic characteristics of the patients, primary tumor characteristics, presence of mutation, BM number, localization, size, development time, and treatment characteristics were evaluated. Inflammatory indices at the time of BM were examined. The overall survival time was calculated. Results: About 92.9% of 113 patients were male, the median age was 62 years (54.5–68.5), and follow-up was 8 months (3–18). BM was detected at the time of diagnosis in 62 (54.9%) of the patients, whereas BM developed later in 51 (45.1%) patients. Systemic treatment was applied to 72.5% of the patients. Survival was lower in patients with BM at diagnosis (4 vs. 14 months, P < 0.001). Primary tumor maximum standardized uptake value level was higher on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography at diagnosis in patients with late BM (P = 0.004). The development time of BM was 9 months (4–16), and the median survival was 8 months (6.2–9.8). There was no difference between tumor localization or inflammatory indices and the development of BM and prognosis. The presence of BM at diagnosis and lack of systemic treatment were found to be factors that independently reduced survival (P < 0.001, P = 0.007). Conclusion: The presence of BM at diagnosis significantly reduces survival. It has been observed that systemic treatments applied in addition to local treatments have a positive effect on the prognosis.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"1 1","pages":"118 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83036605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Archita Bhattacharya, M. Das, Sangeeta Ghosh, A. Samanta
Introduction: Recent COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health problem worldwide. Knowledge about the disease and adoption of COVID Appropriate Behavior (CAB) are of utmost importance in combating the pandemic. The study was conducted to assess and compare the knowledge, attitude, and practice and to determine different misconceptions and wrong practices related to the disease among urban and rural populations. Materials and Methods: A community-based analytical study with cross-sectional design was conducted from January 2021 to March 2021 among 144 adult residents from urban and rural West Bengal. Multistage sampling was adopted and a predesigned, pretested, semistructured schedule was used for interviewing study subjects. Results: Urban people were significantly more knowledgeable and more appropriate in attitude and practice than rural people (P < 0.05). The mean knowledge and attitude scores of urban population were significantly higher than the rural population across age groups, gender, occupation, and education (P < 0.05), whereas mean practice score was significantly higher across gender and occupation in the urban population compared to the rural population (P < 0.05). Many cultural and indigenous practices such as drinking warm water, using mouth wash, using home remedies were more common in urban areas and consumption of homeopathy medicines, lighting candles, making sound with utensils, blowing conch shells, and worshipping corona were observed more in rural areas. Conclusions: Wide gap exists in knowledge, attitude, and practice between urban and rural population and there were many wrong perceptions and practices surrounding COVID-19 among both urban and rural population. Appropriate policy for improving knowledge, attitude, and CAB is the need of the hour.
{"title":"Perception and practices of COVID appropriate behavior: A cross-sectional study among adult populations in rural and urban West Bengal","authors":"Archita Bhattacharya, M. Das, Sangeeta Ghosh, A. Samanta","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_23_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_23_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recent COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health problem worldwide. Knowledge about the disease and adoption of COVID Appropriate Behavior (CAB) are of utmost importance in combating the pandemic. The study was conducted to assess and compare the knowledge, attitude, and practice and to determine different misconceptions and wrong practices related to the disease among urban and rural populations. Materials and Methods: A community-based analytical study with cross-sectional design was conducted from January 2021 to March 2021 among 144 adult residents from urban and rural West Bengal. Multistage sampling was adopted and a predesigned, pretested, semistructured schedule was used for interviewing study subjects. Results: Urban people were significantly more knowledgeable and more appropriate in attitude and practice than rural people (P < 0.05). The mean knowledge and attitude scores of urban population were significantly higher than the rural population across age groups, gender, occupation, and education (P < 0.05), whereas mean practice score was significantly higher across gender and occupation in the urban population compared to the rural population (P < 0.05). Many cultural and indigenous practices such as drinking warm water, using mouth wash, using home remedies were more common in urban areas and consumption of homeopathy medicines, lighting candles, making sound with utensils, blowing conch shells, and worshipping corona were observed more in rural areas. Conclusions: Wide gap exists in knowledge, attitude, and practice between urban and rural population and there were many wrong perceptions and practices surrounding COVID-19 among both urban and rural population. Appropriate policy for improving knowledge, attitude, and CAB is the need of the hour.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"1 1","pages":"85 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88591964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soumitra Mondal, S. Bhattacharya, P. Jana, K. Mitra
introduction: A health-care beneficiary should comprehend different aspects of medical and surgical interventions before giving consent to perform those. There is no defined way to find out adequate patient comprehension as part of the decision-making procedure to give consent. This study was conducted to find out the disparity of comprehensiveness between emergency and elective surgical operative procedures both in terms of knowledge dissemination and knowledge comprehension. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the General Surgery Department of Medical College, Kolkata, during September and October 2021. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used on patients undergoing emergency and elective surgical procedures. The comprehension level of informed consent (IC) form was scored as 1, 2, and 3 and compared between two groups using an unpaired t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test. Result: Data collection was done from 39 patients for emergency operative procedures and 52 for elective surgical procedures. A composite comprehension score was calculated after adjusting for questions not asked while taking IC. The mean comprehension score for emergency procedures was 18.86 and for planned surgery, it was 20.14. Unpaired t-test showed significantly high mean comprehension for planned procedures than the emergency procedures (P = 0.007). Comprehension is significantly poorer in emergency conditions even after controlling for age and literacy denoting difficulty in decision-making in emergency scenarios. Conclusion: It is suggested that the procedure of consent taking should be more structured and interactive so that even in stressful conditions participant understand better about the procedures and take their own decision instead of relying blindly on doctors.
{"title":"A comparative study on comprehension of informed consent before emergency and elective surgical operative procedures","authors":"Soumitra Mondal, S. Bhattacharya, P. Jana, K. Mitra","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_90_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_90_22","url":null,"abstract":"introduction: A health-care beneficiary should comprehend different aspects of medical and surgical interventions before giving consent to perform those. There is no defined way to find out adequate patient comprehension as part of the decision-making procedure to give consent. This study was conducted to find out the disparity of comprehensiveness between emergency and elective surgical operative procedures both in terms of knowledge dissemination and knowledge comprehension. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the General Surgery Department of Medical College, Kolkata, during September and October 2021. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used on patients undergoing emergency and elective surgical procedures. The comprehension level of informed consent (IC) form was scored as 1, 2, and 3 and compared between two groups using an unpaired t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test. Result: Data collection was done from 39 patients for emergency operative procedures and 52 for elective surgical procedures. A composite comprehension score was calculated after adjusting for questions not asked while taking IC. The mean comprehension score for emergency procedures was 18.86 and for planned surgery, it was 20.14. Unpaired t-test showed significantly high mean comprehension for planned procedures than the emergency procedures (P = 0.007). Comprehension is significantly poorer in emergency conditions even after controlling for age and literacy denoting difficulty in decision-making in emergency scenarios. Conclusion: It is suggested that the procedure of consent taking should be more structured and interactive so that even in stressful conditions participant understand better about the procedures and take their own decision instead of relying blindly on doctors.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"74 1","pages":"153 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85204132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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