Introduction: Less time in physical activity, increase in sedentary time, and screen time have various negative health consequences and are a matter of concern for childhood health now-a-days. The study was to find out the prevalence of adequate physical activity and sleep, the status of sedentary behaviour and screen time among under-five children residing in the slum areas of Burdwan Municipality and their association with selected demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of study participants. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among 180 under-five children residing in slums of Burdwan Municipality in Purba Bardhaman District of West Bengal, India, during January to March 2020. A predesigned, pretested schedule was used to collect necessary information on physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behavior of under-five children following the recent guideline by the World Health Organization. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Burdwan Medical College and Hospital. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), software version 20. Results: Overall 69.4%, 70%, and 63.3% of the children were physically active, restrained themselves in enjoying their sedentary life and screen viewing within recommended timeframe, respectively. 84.4% children had adequate sleep time with nap. Logistic regression revealed that the absence of siblings was associated with inadequate physical activity (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] =3.82 [1.88, 7.77]) and more than recommended sedentary lifestyle (AOR = 5.01 [2.45, 10.26]) while more than recommended screen viewing was associated with age (AOR = 4.84 [2.34, 10.00]) and house condition (AOR = 6.54 [2.32, 18.42]). Conclusions: This study put emphasis on the requirement of focussed intervention on increasing physical activity and reduction in screen-based engagement among under-five.
{"title":"A cross-sectional study on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep among under-five children in slum areas of burdwan municipality, West Bengal","authors":"Prosun Goswami, A. Chakraborty, D. Das, S. Ray","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_58_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_58_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Less time in physical activity, increase in sedentary time, and screen time have various negative health consequences and are a matter of concern for childhood health now-a-days. The study was to find out the prevalence of adequate physical activity and sleep, the status of sedentary behaviour and screen time among under-five children residing in the slum areas of Burdwan Municipality and their association with selected demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of study participants. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among 180 under-five children residing in slums of Burdwan Municipality in Purba Bardhaman District of West Bengal, India, during January to March 2020. A predesigned, pretested schedule was used to collect necessary information on physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behavior of under-five children following the recent guideline by the World Health Organization. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Burdwan Medical College and Hospital. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), software version 20. Results: Overall 69.4%, 70%, and 63.3% of the children were physically active, restrained themselves in enjoying their sedentary life and screen viewing within recommended timeframe, respectively. 84.4% children had adequate sleep time with nap. Logistic regression revealed that the absence of siblings was associated with inadequate physical activity (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] =3.82 [1.88, 7.77]) and more than recommended sedentary lifestyle (AOR = 5.01 [2.45, 10.26]) while more than recommended screen viewing was associated with age (AOR = 4.84 [2.34, 10.00]) and house condition (AOR = 6.54 [2.32, 18.42]). Conclusions: This study put emphasis on the requirement of focussed intervention on increasing physical activity and reduction in screen-based engagement among under-five.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"22 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86721044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Garg, A. Chauhan, Dinesh Verma, Karishma Chaudhary, Sanjeet Singh, K. Bansal
Introduction: During COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, mental health of students was highly pregnable to the loss of social connectedness, disarray of normal pattern of activities as well as academic issues. Adopted coping mechanisms may have played a significant role in surmounting the challenges related to the pandemic. The main aim of the survey is to evaluate the prevalence of depression, its determinants, and association with coping mechanisms among college students during COVID-19 lockdown. Materials and Methods: College students were invited during lockdown to participate in a nationwide cross-sectional e-survey using Snowball sampling technique (dated October 6th–30th, 2020). A total sample size of 920 was calculated. A self-administered questionnaire regarding sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 related experiences along with two scales (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9], and Carver Brief-Coping Orientation to the Problem Experienced -28) for assessment of depression and adopted coping mechanisms was applied to participants. Chi-square test, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used to investigate the determinants of depression and its association with coping mechanisms in college students. Results: On analysis of 884 qualified participants, it was revealed that 402 (45.5%) participants have depressive symptoms ranging from moderate to severe level. The mean score of PHQ-9 was 9.82 ± 6.61. Nearly 85% students were lagging behind in studies. Around 5%–10% of students initiated/increased the consumption of substances. The main determinants of depression in this study were age group of 21–24 years, thought of lagging behind in studies and family members/friends/relatives diagnosed with COVID-19. Adaptive coping mechanisms (emotional support, religion, and humor) were significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms and maladaptive coping mechanisms (self-distraction, denial, behavioral disengagement, and venting) were significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms among students. Conclusions: This survey revealed multiple determinants of depression, mainly including academic worries among college students. The college staff should provide a well-structured pedagogical framework to encourage them and alleviate the unpleasant psychological effects of pandemic on students.
导读:在新冠肺炎疫情封锁期间，学生的心理健康状况极易受到社会联系缺失、正常活动模式混乱以及学业问题的影响。通过的应对机制可能在克服与该流行病有关的挑战方面发挥了重要作用。该调查的主要目的是评估在COVID-19封锁期间大学生中抑郁症的患病率、其决定因素以及与应对机制的关系。材料与方法:在封锁期间，邀请大学生参加一项全国性的横断面电子调查，采用雪球抽样技术(2020年10月6日至30日)。计算总样本量为920。采用社会人口学特征、新冠肺炎相关经历自填问卷以及患者健康问卷-9 (PHQ-9)和Carver Brief-Coping Orientation to the Problem experience -28两种量表来评估参与者的抑郁和采取的应对机制。采用卡方检验、独立t检验、Pearson相关和层次多元回归分析，探讨大学生抑郁的影响因素及其与应对机制的关系。结果:在对884名合格参与者的分析中，发现402名(45.5%)参与者有中度至重度抑郁症状。PHQ-9平均得分为9.82±6.61。近85%的学生学习落后。大约5%-10%的学生开始/增加了物质消费。本研究中抑郁症的主要决定因素是21-24岁年龄组，被认为在研究中落后，以及被诊断患有COVID-19的家庭成员/朋友/亲戚。适应性应对机制(情感支持、宗教信仰和幽默)与较低的抑郁症状显著相关，而适应性不良应对机制(自我分心、否认、行为脱离和发泄)与较高的抑郁症状显著相关。结论:本调查揭示了大学生抑郁的多重影响因素，主要包括学业忧虑。学院工作人员应该提供一个结构良好的教学框架，以鼓励他们，减轻疫情对学生的不良心理影响。
{"title":"Epidemiological determinants of depression and its associated coping mechanisms among college students confined during COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional e-survey in India","authors":"S. Garg, A. Chauhan, Dinesh Verma, Karishma Chaudhary, Sanjeet Singh, K. Bansal","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_1_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_1_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: During COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, mental health of students was highly pregnable to the loss of social connectedness, disarray of normal pattern of activities as well as academic issues. Adopted coping mechanisms may have played a significant role in surmounting the challenges related to the pandemic. The main aim of the survey is to evaluate the prevalence of depression, its determinants, and association with coping mechanisms among college students during COVID-19 lockdown. Materials and Methods: College students were invited during lockdown to participate in a nationwide cross-sectional e-survey using Snowball sampling technique (dated October 6th–30th, 2020). A total sample size of 920 was calculated. A self-administered questionnaire regarding sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 related experiences along with two scales (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9], and Carver Brief-Coping Orientation to the Problem Experienced -28) for assessment of depression and adopted coping mechanisms was applied to participants. Chi-square test, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used to investigate the determinants of depression and its association with coping mechanisms in college students. Results: On analysis of 884 qualified participants, it was revealed that 402 (45.5%) participants have depressive symptoms ranging from moderate to severe level. The mean score of PHQ-9 was 9.82 ± 6.61. Nearly 85% students were lagging behind in studies. Around 5%–10% of students initiated/increased the consumption of substances. The main determinants of depression in this study were age group of 21–24 years, thought of lagging behind in studies and family members/friends/relatives diagnosed with COVID-19. Adaptive coping mechanisms (emotional support, religion, and humor) were significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms and maladaptive coping mechanisms (self-distraction, denial, behavioral disengagement, and venting) were significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms among students. Conclusions: This survey revealed multiple determinants of depression, mainly including academic worries among college students. The college staff should provide a well-structured pedagogical framework to encourage them and alleviate the unpleasant psychological effects of pandemic on students.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"28 1","pages":"62 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83087443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ibrahim Uysal, Ayşen Melek Aytuğ Koşan, E. Postaci, M. Tekin
Introduction: One of the factors determining the quality of health service delivery is well-trained and qualified health personnel. In addition to receiving a quality education to train qualified health personnel, the importance of the learner being ready and motivated to learn is obvious. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between motivational persistence and achievement goal orientations of Vocational School of Health Services students. Materials and Methods: In this research, which is structured in relational comparison type besides its descriptive feature, we studied with 278 students studying at Health Services Vocational School. The data were obtained with "Motivational Persistency" and "Achievement Goal Orientation" scales. In the analysis of the data, correlation and path analysis were used as well as descriptive statistics. Results: When achievement goal orientation and motivational persistency are examined with all subdimensions, the motivation to follow long-term goals was positively significant with the learning approach. The motivation to follow the current goals was positively significant with the motivation to learning approach achievement and to follow long-term goals while was negative with motivation to approach the performance. The motivation to repeat unattainable goals has been found to be positively significant with the motivation to learn approach, learn avoidance achievement orientations and long-term goals, and to follow existing goals. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that students' achievement learning approach and motivational persistency were prone to iteration subdimensions of unattainable goals. Although the study parallels with the literature, it is important to provide a better understanding of how the achievement goal orientation of the students of the Vocational School of Health Services affects the processes of motivational persistency.
{"title":"The relationship between motivational persistence and achievement goal orientations of vocational school of health services students","authors":"Ibrahim Uysal, Ayşen Melek Aytuğ Koşan, E. Postaci, M. Tekin","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_51_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_51_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One of the factors determining the quality of health service delivery is well-trained and qualified health personnel. In addition to receiving a quality education to train qualified health personnel, the importance of the learner being ready and motivated to learn is obvious. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between motivational persistence and achievement goal orientations of Vocational School of Health Services students. Materials and Methods: In this research, which is structured in relational comparison type besides its descriptive feature, we studied with 278 students studying at Health Services Vocational School. The data were obtained with \"Motivational Persistency\" and \"Achievement Goal Orientation\" scales. In the analysis of the data, correlation and path analysis were used as well as descriptive statistics. Results: When achievement goal orientation and motivational persistency are examined with all subdimensions, the motivation to follow long-term goals was positively significant with the learning approach. The motivation to follow the current goals was positively significant with the motivation to learning approach achievement and to follow long-term goals while was negative with motivation to approach the performance. The motivation to repeat unattainable goals has been found to be positively significant with the motivation to learn approach, learn avoidance achievement orientations and long-term goals, and to follow existing goals. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that students' achievement learning approach and motivational persistency were prone to iteration subdimensions of unattainable goals. Although the study parallels with the literature, it is important to provide a better understanding of how the achievement goal orientation of the students of the Vocational School of Health Services affects the processes of motivational persistency.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"1 1","pages":"7 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88922292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaibhav Khare, R. Rastogi, A. Mishra, Neha, A. Singh, Sunil Kumar, V. Singh, Vijai Pratap, Nitishkumar Yeshlawat
Introduction: Colorectal disease, especially carcinoma, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in modern era. With rising incidence of colorectal diseases and due to limitations of conventional flexible fiber-optic colonoscopy (gold standard tool), imaging plays a significant role in evaluation of these patients. Recent technical advancements coupled with noninvasive and radiation-free nature has made magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) an acceptable screening tool in colorectal diseases. Hence, we planned this study to evaluate role of MRI in colorectal diseases in our tertiary care, medical college, hospital. Materials and Methods: Forty-four patients with signs and symptoms of colorectal disease were evaluated by 1.5 Testa MRI followed by conventional, flexible, fiber-optic colonoscopy on the same day after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee and after obtaining written informed consent using strict criteria. Bowel preparation was done using polyethylene glycol. Data from MRI and colonoscopy were recorded in predesigned pro forma and compared with the final diagnosis. Appropriate statistical methods and tools were used to evaluate the results. Results: Majority of the patients in the study were in the age group of 21–40 years with male predominance. Altered bowel habit followed by bleeding per rectum was the most common presentations. Both MRI and colonoscopy overdiagnosed the lesions as malignant with higher errors by MRI. MRI was very effective in the detection of growth, strictures, diverticulosis, mucosal thickening/edema, and extracolonic manifestation but failed in detecting small polyps and ulcers. MRI had high sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% with an accuracy of more than 70%. Conclusions: Although conventional colonoscopy is considered as a gold standard tool in the diagnosis of colorectal diseases, it has several limitations including its invasive nature and low yield as a screening tool. Hence, MRI with its noninvasive and radiation-free nature along with its high sensitivity and NPV for malignant lesions should be considered over colonoscopy as well as computed tomography in evaluation of colorectal diseases.
{"title":"A comparative study of magnetic resonance imaging and colonoscopy in evaluation of colorectal diseases","authors":"Vaibhav Khare, R. Rastogi, A. Mishra, Neha, A. Singh, Sunil Kumar, V. Singh, Vijai Pratap, Nitishkumar Yeshlawat","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_21_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_21_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Colorectal disease, especially carcinoma, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in modern era. With rising incidence of colorectal diseases and due to limitations of conventional flexible fiber-optic colonoscopy (gold standard tool), imaging plays a significant role in evaluation of these patients. Recent technical advancements coupled with noninvasive and radiation-free nature has made magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) an acceptable screening tool in colorectal diseases. Hence, we planned this study to evaluate role of MRI in colorectal diseases in our tertiary care, medical college, hospital. Materials and Methods: Forty-four patients with signs and symptoms of colorectal disease were evaluated by 1.5 Testa MRI followed by conventional, flexible, fiber-optic colonoscopy on the same day after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee and after obtaining written informed consent using strict criteria. Bowel preparation was done using polyethylene glycol. Data from MRI and colonoscopy were recorded in predesigned pro forma and compared with the final diagnosis. Appropriate statistical methods and tools were used to evaluate the results. Results: Majority of the patients in the study were in the age group of 21–40 years with male predominance. Altered bowel habit followed by bleeding per rectum was the most common presentations. Both MRI and colonoscopy overdiagnosed the lesions as malignant with higher errors by MRI. MRI was very effective in the detection of growth, strictures, diverticulosis, mucosal thickening/edema, and extracolonic manifestation but failed in detecting small polyps and ulcers. MRI had high sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% with an accuracy of more than 70%. Conclusions: Although conventional colonoscopy is considered as a gold standard tool in the diagnosis of colorectal diseases, it has several limitations including its invasive nature and low yield as a screening tool. Hence, MRI with its noninvasive and radiation-free nature along with its high sensitivity and NPV for malignant lesions should be considered over colonoscopy as well as computed tomography in evaluation of colorectal diseases.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"110 1","pages":"32 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87140516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. George, Abdul Shagirunisha Rizvana, N. Vignesh kumar, R. Britto
Introduction: The COVID pandemic was a modern world disaster which had physical, psychological, and economical impact among the people. This made the governing agencies and others to rollout vaccine in a prompt basis. The objectives were to assess the attitude of health-care personnel toward COVID-19 vaccination using online survey and to assess the willingness of COVID-19 vaccination and factors affecting it among health-care personnel. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using web-based platforms among 471 health-care personnel's within a period of a month (December 2020–January 2021). The study was conducted after obtaining institution ethic committee approval and informed consent. The questionnaire contains sociodemographic detail, COVID profile section, and questions which reveal the beliefs and attitude toward vaccination particularly COVID-19. The data collected was entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Results: Among the participants, 56 (11.9%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 119 (25.3%) were not willing to take vaccine. Participants who were hesitant about the role of vaccine in immunity, afraid of side effects, doubtful about effectiveness and protection and who doubt about the production involving cost and supply have showed unwillingness to vaccination (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A quarter of the present study population showed unwillingness to take COVID vaccine, and evidence of uncertainty about the vaccine safety and production was exposed in the study. The results should be looked upon gravely as the issues appeared here can be maximized when the vaccine rollout happens in public.
新冠肺炎大流行是一场现代世界灾难，对人们的身体、心理和经济产生了影响。这使得管理机构和其他机构能够迅速推出疫苗。目的:采用在线调查的方法，评估卫生保健人员对新冠肺炎疫苗接种的态度，评估卫生保健人员对新冠肺炎疫苗接种的意愿及其影响因素。材料和方法:我们在一个月内(2020年12月- 2021年1月)利用网络平台对471名卫生保健人员进行了横断面研究。本研究是在获得机构伦理委员会批准和知情同意后进行的。问卷包含社会人口学细节、COVID简介部分以及揭示对疫苗接种特别是COVID-19的信念和态度的问题。收集的数据在Microsoft Excel中输入，并使用SPSS version 16软件进行分析。结果:56人(11.9%)确诊为新冠肺炎，119人(25.3%)不愿接种疫苗。对疫苗在免疫中的作用犹豫不决、害怕副作用、怀疑有效性和保护作用以及怀疑生产涉及成本和供应的参与者不愿意接种疫苗(P < 0.05)。结论:1 / 4的研究人群不愿接种新冠肺炎疫苗，暴露出疫苗安全性和生产不确定的证据。结果应该被严肃看待，因为当疫苗在公共场合推广时，这里出现的问题可能会最大化。
{"title":"Health-Care Personnel's Perspective on COVID-19 Vaccination – A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"N. George, Abdul Shagirunisha Rizvana, N. Vignesh kumar, R. Britto","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_47_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_47_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The COVID pandemic was a modern world disaster which had physical, psychological, and economical impact among the people. This made the governing agencies and others to rollout vaccine in a prompt basis. The objectives were to assess the attitude of health-care personnel toward COVID-19 vaccination using online survey and to assess the willingness of COVID-19 vaccination and factors affecting it among health-care personnel. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using web-based platforms among 471 health-care personnel's within a period of a month (December 2020–January 2021). The study was conducted after obtaining institution ethic committee approval and informed consent. The questionnaire contains sociodemographic detail, COVID profile section, and questions which reveal the beliefs and attitude toward vaccination particularly COVID-19. The data collected was entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Results: Among the participants, 56 (11.9%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 119 (25.3%) were not willing to take vaccine. Participants who were hesitant about the role of vaccine in immunity, afraid of side effects, doubtful about effectiveness and protection and who doubt about the production involving cost and supply have showed unwillingness to vaccination (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A quarter of the present study population showed unwillingness to take COVID vaccine, and evidence of uncertainty about the vaccine safety and production was exposed in the study. The results should be looked upon gravely as the issues appeared here can be maximized when the vaccine rollout happens in public.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"99 1","pages":"16 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90385952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/amit.amit_186_20
Swati Rajput, Rohit Gupta, Itish Patnaik, Y. Bahurupi, Prashant Kumar, K. Meena, N. Bhat, S. Rana
Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder arising due to gluten sensitivity in susceptible individuals. In India, one person per 100 is suffering from this disease. CD has been reported more in high wheat-consuming areas like northern India. However, the incidence of CD in patients attending tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study was planned. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study with 603 patients was done at AIIMS Rishikesh in Biochemistry Department. These patients were screened for CD by tissue transglutaminase antibodies (ttgA) levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Percentage of levels of ttgA <4 U/ml (normal value) and >4U/ml in male, female adults, and children was calculated. Chi-square test was applied to compare results. Results: Out of 603 patients, 23 (3.81%) had abnormally raised ttgA levels (>4 U/ml). Percentage (15.18%) of ttgA levels in male children was significantly (P = 0.01) higher than 2.56% in female children. Mean + standard deviation (SD) of normal and abnormal ttgA levels in patients was 1.17 + 0.45 versus 66.81 + 34.80 U/ml, respectively. Mean + SD of abnormal ttgA levels in children and adults was 72.84 + 41.91 versus 32.38 + 24.75 U/ml, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in abnormal ttgA levels among children and adults with children predominantly being higher (P = 0.0235). Conclusion: This study shows that levels of ttgA suggestive of CD in children are higher as compared to adults and more in males than females attending tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand.
{"title":"Retrospective study of tissue transglutaminase antibody levels in celiac disease-suspected patients at tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand","authors":"Swati Rajput, Rohit Gupta, Itish Patnaik, Y. Bahurupi, Prashant Kumar, K. Meena, N. Bhat, S. Rana","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_186_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_186_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder arising due to gluten sensitivity in susceptible individuals. In India, one person per 100 is suffering from this disease. CD has been reported more in high wheat-consuming areas like northern India. However, the incidence of CD in patients attending tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study was planned. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study with 603 patients was done at AIIMS Rishikesh in Biochemistry Department. These patients were screened for CD by tissue transglutaminase antibodies (ttgA) levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Percentage of levels of ttgA <4 U/ml (normal value) and >4U/ml in male, female adults, and children was calculated. Chi-square test was applied to compare results. Results: Out of 603 patients, 23 (3.81%) had abnormally raised ttgA levels (>4 U/ml). Percentage (15.18%) of ttgA levels in male children was significantly (P = 0.01) higher than 2.56% in female children. Mean + standard deviation (SD) of normal and abnormal ttgA levels in patients was 1.17 + 0.45 versus 66.81 + 34.80 U/ml, respectively. Mean + SD of abnormal ttgA levels in children and adults was 72.84 + 41.91 versus 32.38 + 24.75 U/ml, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in abnormal ttgA levels among children and adults with children predominantly being higher (P = 0.0235). Conclusion: This study shows that levels of ttgA suggestive of CD in children are higher as compared to adults and more in males than females attending tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"21 1","pages":"75 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86298666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The article presents results of the study about dynamics of disability indicators due to diabetes mellitus and their peculiarities in Dnipropetrovsk region and in Ukraine and presents recommendations for the professional rehabilitation of such patients and persons with disabilities. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of DM disability according to the data of the Municipal Institution “Regional Clinical Center of Medical and Social Expertise of Dnipropetrovsk Regional Council” and in Ukraine for the period 2016–2019. We analyzed medico-social cases and referrals for medical and social expertise of patients who were examined by doctors of regional specialized medical and social commissions evaluating patients' disability. Results: It was determined that the most common reasons for referral of patients with medical expertise were: insufficient glycemic control with the formation of chronic foot ulcers, which led to disorders of the feet musculoskeletal functions - 37.6%; lower limb amputation at different levels - 21.8%; impaired vision - 40.6%. Indicators of disability due to diabetes in Dnipropetrovsk region was stable in 2014-2019, but raised the average level of disability in Ukraine and ranges from 1.5 - 1.7 per 10 thousand population in 2014 vs 1.4-1.5 per 10 thousand in 2019. Persons with 3rd group disability made the largest part among persons with primary disability due to diabetes in 2014-2019: specific gravity ranged from 57.0% in 2018 to 70.5% in 2014. The unfavorable tendency of disability indicators is characterized by an increase of persons who were initially recognized as having disability due to DM with 1st group disability by 2 times from 6.6% - in 2014 to 12.9 - in 2018. Conclusion: This can be explained by the increased number of DM complications and their severity. The indicator of total rehabilitation among of persons who were initially recognized as having disability due to DM in Dnipropetrovsk region in 2014-2019 does not exceed 3%.
{"title":"Dynamics of disability indices and professional rehabilitation of diabetes patients","authors":"I. Borysova, V. Berezovsky","doi":"10.4103/ami.ami_51_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ami.ami_51_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The article presents results of the study about dynamics of disability indicators due to diabetes mellitus and their peculiarities in Dnipropetrovsk region and in Ukraine and presents recommendations for the professional rehabilitation of such patients and persons with disabilities. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of DM disability according to the data of the Municipal Institution “Regional Clinical Center of Medical and Social Expertise of Dnipropetrovsk Regional Council” and in Ukraine for the period 2016–2019. We analyzed medico-social cases and referrals for medical and social expertise of patients who were examined by doctors of regional specialized medical and social commissions evaluating patients' disability. Results: It was determined that the most common reasons for referral of patients with medical expertise were: insufficient glycemic control with the formation of chronic foot ulcers, which led to disorders of the feet musculoskeletal functions - 37.6%; lower limb amputation at different levels - 21.8%; impaired vision - 40.6%. Indicators of disability due to diabetes in Dnipropetrovsk region was stable in 2014-2019, but raised the average level of disability in Ukraine and ranges from 1.5 - 1.7 per 10 thousand population in 2014 vs 1.4-1.5 per 10 thousand in 2019. Persons with 3rd group disability made the largest part among persons with primary disability due to diabetes in 2014-2019: specific gravity ranged from 57.0% in 2018 to 70.5% in 2014. The unfavorable tendency of disability indicators is characterized by an increase of persons who were initially recognized as having disability due to DM with 1st group disability by 2 times from 6.6% - in 2014 to 12.9 - in 2018. Conclusion: This can be explained by the increased number of DM complications and their severity. The indicator of total rehabilitation among of persons who were initially recognized as having disability due to DM in Dnipropetrovsk region in 2014-2019 does not exceed 3%.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"60 1","pages":"162 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85780227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Varsha Kanjani, Neel D Gupta, Akash Bhatt, M. Tariq, Ajaz Ahmed, Kanchan Malawat
Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) being the most prevalent orofacial condition, is one of the major reason for patients to seek conservative intervention at dental hospital. The multifactorial etiology of TMDs along with the wide spectrum of associated signs and symptoms, mainly orofacial pain, restricted mouth opening, and deviation, has made the condition difficult to diagnose. The aim of the present study is to determine the signs and symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders according to Research Diagnostic criteria for Temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at dental hospital, Rajasthan among 1450 individuals. The 209 individuals, above 18 years of age who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Along with signs and symptoms of TMDs (VAS score for orofacial pain, clicking sound, crepitus, reduced mouth opening (less than 40 mm), joint deviation and tenderness, etc.) the structured questionnaire according to RDC/ TMD were also assessed. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 software. Results: In the present study population, the prevalence of TMDs was 14.41% only. Most of the patients were in 2nd decade (33.01%) with female predilection (69.85%). The VAS score for patients complaining of orofacial pain (58.85%) was 6.32±1.12 with reduced mouth opening in 42.58%. According to RDC/TMD, the most common finding observed was TM joint deviation (63.15 %), followed by clicking sound (56.93%), crepitus (46.41%), MPDS (12.91%), internal derangements (10.52%) and osteoarthritis (6.22%). Conclusion: The prevalence of TMDs was more prevalent in younger generation, especially with female predilection. The most common signs and symptoms seen in the present study were orofacial pain, followed by reduced mouth opening, TMJ deviation and clicking sound.
颞下颌紊乱(TMDs)是口腔颌面部最常见的疾病，是患者在牙科医院寻求保守干预的主要原因之一。TMDs的多因素病因以及广泛的相关体征和症状，主要是口面部疼痛，张嘴受限和偏差，使得该疾病难以诊断。本研究的目的是根据颞下颌疾病研究诊断标准(RDC/TMD)确定与颞下颌疾病相关的体征和症状。材料和方法:本横断面研究是在拉贾斯坦邦牙科医院进行的，共有1450人。209名符合纳入标准的18岁以上个体被纳入研究。根据RDC/ TMD进行结构化问卷评估，同时评估TMD的体征和症状(口面部疼痛、咔嗒声、耳鸣、开口缩小(小于40 mm)、关节偏差和压痛等)。使用Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21软件对数据进行分析。结果:本研究人群中，tmd患病率仅为14.41%。以第二10年居多(33.01%)，以女性为主(69.85%)。主诉口面部疼痛的患者(58.85%)VAS评分为6.32±1.12，其中开口缩小的占42.58%。根据RDC/TMD，最常见的表现是TM关节偏差(63.15%)，其次是咔嗒声(56.93%)、肌力震颤(46.41%)、MPDS(12.91%)、内部紊乱(10.52%)和骨关节炎(6.22%)。结论:tmd患病率以年轻一代为主，以女性为主。在本研究中最常见的体征和症状是口面部疼痛，其次是张口缩小，TMJ偏差和咔嗒声。
{"title":"Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in individuals seeking treatment at dental hospital: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Varsha Kanjani, Neel D Gupta, Akash Bhatt, M. Tariq, Ajaz Ahmed, Kanchan Malawat","doi":"10.4103/ami.ami_146_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ami.ami_146_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) being the most prevalent orofacial condition, is one of the major reason for patients to seek conservative intervention at dental hospital. The multifactorial etiology of TMDs along with the wide spectrum of associated signs and symptoms, mainly orofacial pain, restricted mouth opening, and deviation, has made the condition difficult to diagnose. The aim of the present study is to determine the signs and symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders according to Research Diagnostic criteria for Temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at dental hospital, Rajasthan among 1450 individuals. The 209 individuals, above 18 years of age who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Along with signs and symptoms of TMDs (VAS score for orofacial pain, clicking sound, crepitus, reduced mouth opening (less than 40 mm), joint deviation and tenderness, etc.) the structured questionnaire according to RDC/ TMD were also assessed. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 software. Results: In the present study population, the prevalence of TMDs was 14.41% only. Most of the patients were in 2nd decade (33.01%) with female predilection (69.85%). The VAS score for patients complaining of orofacial pain (58.85%) was 6.32±1.12 with reduced mouth opening in 42.58%. According to RDC/TMD, the most common finding observed was TM joint deviation (63.15 %), followed by clicking sound (56.93%), crepitus (46.41%), MPDS (12.91%), internal derangements (10.52%) and osteoarthritis (6.22%). Conclusion: The prevalence of TMDs was more prevalent in younger generation, especially with female predilection. The most common signs and symptoms seen in the present study were orofacial pain, followed by reduced mouth opening, TMJ deviation and clicking sound.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"24 1","pages":"90 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81676590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Saxena, A. Pankaj, Sachin Panwar, A. Rani, J. Chopra, A. Rani
Introduction: Morphometry of lip lining help in deciding the best site for choosing graft for its better uptake during several dermal grafting procedures following trauma or tumor excision following craniofacial cancers or cosmetic procedures. Materials and Methods: Ten human male cadavers were procured in Department of Anatomy the rectangle shaped skin specimen through upper lip which included skin, mucocutaneous junction and mucosa were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Total of 30 slides were prepared. Results: Thickness of skin (epidermis +dermis) of lip ranged from 664.72 μm to 882.34 μm among males. Epidermal thickness increases on moving from cutaneous region to mucosa region of lip. Lowest contribution of stratum corneum in thickness of epidermis was observed in vermillion region while highest contribution was observed in skin region. It was found to be absent in mucosa region of lip. Rete pegs at dermoepidermal junction was found to be maximum in vermillion region and minimum in skin region .It's depth increased as we move from skin to mucosa region of lip. In cutaneous part of lip, rete pegs were shorter and blunt. In vermillion region, they were narrow, long and slender while they were longest with blunt end in mucosa region. Depth of dermis was found to be maximum in skin region while minimum in vermillion region. It ranged between 578 μm -825.10 μm. Conclusion: Care should be taken while using dermal fillers in lip augmentation surgeries especially in vermillion region due to its close proximity to musculature in core of lip.
{"title":"Histological changes of upper lip from its cutaneous to mucosa region among males","authors":"S. Saxena, A. Pankaj, Sachin Panwar, A. Rani, J. Chopra, A. Rani","doi":"10.4103/ami.ami_29_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ami.ami_29_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Morphometry of lip lining help in deciding the best site for choosing graft for its better uptake during several dermal grafting procedures following trauma or tumor excision following craniofacial cancers or cosmetic procedures. Materials and Methods: Ten human male cadavers were procured in Department of Anatomy the rectangle shaped skin specimen through upper lip which included skin, mucocutaneous junction and mucosa were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Total of 30 slides were prepared. Results: Thickness of skin (epidermis +dermis) of lip ranged from 664.72 μm to 882.34 μm among males. Epidermal thickness increases on moving from cutaneous region to mucosa region of lip. Lowest contribution of stratum corneum in thickness of epidermis was observed in vermillion region while highest contribution was observed in skin region. It was found to be absent in mucosa region of lip. Rete pegs at dermoepidermal junction was found to be maximum in vermillion region and minimum in skin region .It's depth increased as we move from skin to mucosa region of lip. In cutaneous part of lip, rete pegs were shorter and blunt. In vermillion region, they were narrow, long and slender while they were longest with blunt end in mucosa region. Depth of dermis was found to be maximum in skin region while minimum in vermillion region. It ranged between 578 μm -825.10 μm. Conclusion: Care should be taken while using dermal fillers in lip augmentation surgeries especially in vermillion region due to its close proximity to musculature in core of lip.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"27 1","pages":"166 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77224125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Peripheral lymphadenopathy is a common clinical entity. It is significant as the underlying cause could range from a simple infection to a malignant lesion which could be either primary or metastatic. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the first line of investigation usually done to diagnose enlarged lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: This retroprospective study was done in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Haldwani, from January 2008 to December 2018. Relevant details of the patients were taken from the records. The cytological diagnosis and site were noted and divided into major diagnostic categories with respect to age group, sex, and site. Results: A total of 16,985 cases were studied. About 42% showed reactive morphology, 31.77% were tubercular, 23.65% metastatic lesions, 2.49% were hematological malignancies, and only 0.08% were parasitic. The cervical lymph node was the most common site aspirated and it was also the most common site for metastasis (60.45%). Among the metastatic lesions, squamous cell carcinoma accounted for maximum cases (69.10%). Conclusion: FNAC is a simple procedure for investigating enlarged peripheral lymph nodes. The underlying cause may vary depending on the sociodemographic profile of the patients. It is a safe and effective procedure for giving a quick and reliable diagnosis in peripheral lymphadenopathy, thereby avoiding unnecessary excision biopsy.
{"title":"Cytological evaluation of enlarged peripheral lymph nodes: An institutional experience from kumaon region of Uttarakhand","authors":"Mohd Ali, G. Rizvi, Ankit Kaushik","doi":"10.4103/ami.ami_67_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ami.ami_67_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Peripheral lymphadenopathy is a common clinical entity. It is significant as the underlying cause could range from a simple infection to a malignant lesion which could be either primary or metastatic. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the first line of investigation usually done to diagnose enlarged lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: This retroprospective study was done in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Haldwani, from January 2008 to December 2018. Relevant details of the patients were taken from the records. The cytological diagnosis and site were noted and divided into major diagnostic categories with respect to age group, sex, and site. Results: A total of 16,985 cases were studied. About 42% showed reactive morphology, 31.77% were tubercular, 23.65% metastatic lesions, 2.49% were hematological malignancies, and only 0.08% were parasitic. The cervical lymph node was the most common site aspirated and it was also the most common site for metastasis (60.45%). Among the metastatic lesions, squamous cell carcinoma accounted for maximum cases (69.10%). Conclusion: FNAC is a simple procedure for investigating enlarged peripheral lymph nodes. The underlying cause may vary depending on the sociodemographic profile of the patients. It is a safe and effective procedure for giving a quick and reliable diagnosis in peripheral lymphadenopathy, thereby avoiding unnecessary excision biopsy.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"1 1","pages":"148 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89544903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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