Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/amit.amit_119_21
H. Nafees, Dilshad Usmani, Sonika Sharma, Shraddha Jain
Introduction: Facial nerve runs an extensive and complicated course through the temporal bone. Integrity of this nerve is affected by the anatomy of temporal bone. Hence, in-depth knowledge of facial canal and its surrounding structures is of utmost importance to avoid any iatrogenic injury during surgery of the middle ear. Temporal bone pneumatization has a great influence on pathogenesis and prognosis of temporal bone diseases. Hence, this study was planned to observe the pneumatization status of the temporal bone and whether there is any association between pneumatization of temporal bone and dehiscence of facial canal. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 30 formalin-fixed adult temporal bones. Dissection of temporal bone was done in the Anatomy Department, TMMC and RC, TMU, Moradabad. Various cells groups were observed in the temporal bones. Facial canal was exposed, and any dehiscence present was then noted. Results: Out of total temporal bones studied, 20 belongs to the right side and 10 of the left side. Pneumatization status of bones was observed by the assessment of different cells present in the bone. Out of 30 bones, 19 (63.3%) bones were well pneumatized, in which 14 bones were of right side and five were of left side. About 11 (36.6%) bones were poorly pneumatized. In which, six were of the right side and five of the left side. In this study, dehiscence of the facial canal was observed in 9 (30%) temporal bones in which eight bones were well pneumatized and one bone was nonpneumatized. In our study, 21 (70%) bones showed no or insignificant dehiscence. Fisher exact test and Spearman's correlation test were applied to observe any association between the two variables. Conclusion: No association exists in between pneumatization of temporal bone and dehiscent facial nerve canal.
{"title":"Association of temporal bone pneumatization and dehiscence of facial nerve canal: A cadaveric study","authors":"H. Nafees, Dilshad Usmani, Sonika Sharma, Shraddha Jain","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_119_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_119_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Facial nerve runs an extensive and complicated course through the temporal bone. Integrity of this nerve is affected by the anatomy of temporal bone. Hence, in-depth knowledge of facial canal and its surrounding structures is of utmost importance to avoid any iatrogenic injury during surgery of the middle ear. Temporal bone pneumatization has a great influence on pathogenesis and prognosis of temporal bone diseases. Hence, this study was planned to observe the pneumatization status of the temporal bone and whether there is any association between pneumatization of temporal bone and dehiscence of facial canal. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 30 formalin-fixed adult temporal bones. Dissection of temporal bone was done in the Anatomy Department, TMMC and RC, TMU, Moradabad. Various cells groups were observed in the temporal bones. Facial canal was exposed, and any dehiscence present was then noted. Results: Out of total temporal bones studied, 20 belongs to the right side and 10 of the left side. Pneumatization status of bones was observed by the assessment of different cells present in the bone. Out of 30 bones, 19 (63.3%) bones were well pneumatized, in which 14 bones were of right side and five were of left side. About 11 (36.6%) bones were poorly pneumatized. In which, six were of the right side and five of the left side. In this study, dehiscence of the facial canal was observed in 9 (30%) temporal bones in which eight bones were well pneumatized and one bone was nonpneumatized. In our study, 21 (70%) bones showed no or insignificant dehiscence. Fisher exact test and Spearman's correlation test were applied to observe any association between the two variables. Conclusion: No association exists in between pneumatization of temporal bone and dehiscent facial nerve canal.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"76 1","pages":"107 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83860757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yogender Aggarwal, A. Malhotra, Deepti Arora, S. Chandak, Ashutosh Kumar, V. Bhandari
Introduction: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has engulfed most of the world and has constrained already overburdened health care systems, especially in developing countries. There is an urgent need of a rapid investigation to assess disease severity in suspected patients and the baseline chest radiograph may serve as a triage tool. The aim is to correlate chest radiographic findings and coagulation abnormality with disease severity in COVID-19 positive patients. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study which comprised 100 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction positive COVID-19 cases which were clinically stratified into three groups based on clinical parameters. Baseline chest radiograph and serum D-dimer levels at the time of admission for all the patients were reviewed. A radiographic severity score (Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema [RALE]) was determined for all four quadrants of both lungs. The scores of each quadrant were added to yield the final severity score. Results: Baseline chest radiograph was abnormal in 75% of patients, whereas 25% of patients had normal chest radiograph. Most frequent radiographic abnormality was ground-glass opacity (GGO) (n = 31, 41.3%) followed by lung consolidation (n = 19, 25.3%), while 7 patients (9.3%) had both GGO and consolidation. The most common pattern of disease distribution was bilateral 34 (57.7%) and peripheral in 58 (69%). The optimal cut-off RALE score for identifying symptomatic patients was ≥3 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.760) and for identifying severe cases was ≥7 (AUC 0.870). Similarly, the optimal cut-off D-Dimer value for identifying symptomatic patients was ≥567 ng/ml (AUC 0.836) and for diagnosing severe disease was ≥1200 ng/ml (AUC 0.99). Conclusions: Radiographic RALE score and elevated serum D-Dimer levels correlate strongly with disease severity in COVID-19 patients and can be utilized for early identification of high-risk cases which can ultimately reduce mortality and morbidity.
{"title":"Correlation of chest radiographic findings and coagulation abnormality with disease severity in COVID-19 positive patients","authors":"Yogender Aggarwal, A. Malhotra, Deepti Arora, S. Chandak, Ashutosh Kumar, V. Bhandari","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_27_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_27_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has engulfed most of the world and has constrained already overburdened health care systems, especially in developing countries. There is an urgent need of a rapid investigation to assess disease severity in suspected patients and the baseline chest radiograph may serve as a triage tool. The aim is to correlate chest radiographic findings and coagulation abnormality with disease severity in COVID-19 positive patients. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study which comprised 100 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction positive COVID-19 cases which were clinically stratified into three groups based on clinical parameters. Baseline chest radiograph and serum D-dimer levels at the time of admission for all the patients were reviewed. A radiographic severity score (Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema [RALE]) was determined for all four quadrants of both lungs. The scores of each quadrant were added to yield the final severity score. Results: Baseline chest radiograph was abnormal in 75% of patients, whereas 25% of patients had normal chest radiograph. Most frequent radiographic abnormality was ground-glass opacity (GGO) (n = 31, 41.3%) followed by lung consolidation (n = 19, 25.3%), while 7 patients (9.3%) had both GGO and consolidation. The most common pattern of disease distribution was bilateral 34 (57.7%) and peripheral in 58 (69%). The optimal cut-off RALE score for identifying symptomatic patients was ≥3 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.760) and for identifying severe cases was ≥7 (AUC 0.870). Similarly, the optimal cut-off D-Dimer value for identifying symptomatic patients was ≥567 ng/ml (AUC 0.836) and for diagnosing severe disease was ≥1200 ng/ml (AUC 0.99). Conclusions: Radiographic RALE score and elevated serum D-Dimer levels correlate strongly with disease severity in COVID-19 patients and can be utilized for early identification of high-risk cases which can ultimately reduce mortality and morbidity.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"2012 1","pages":"155 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87715529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Recently, increasing trend in popularity of online gaming has been seen worldwide. Online games such as PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds (PUBG) and first-person shooter (FPS) games top the popularity chart among young population. Problematic Internet gaming is also being increasingly reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter-relationship between gaming addiction, emotional intelligence (EI), and psychological well-being in players of PUBG and non-PUBG online shooter mobile games. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four male students (18–22 years) who had played either PUBG or non-PUBG FPS games for ≥3 h/week during the previous 6 months were included. Addictive potential of PUBG (played by n = 33) was compared with that of non-PUBG games (played by n = 31) using Gaming Addiction Scale (GAS). Psychological health and EI were assessed using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form, respectively. Results: The prevalence of gaming addiction and psychological morbidity was significantly higher in PUBG compared to non-PUBG players. EI was comparable in both the groups. Correlational analysis in PUBG players showed a positive association between GAS and anxiety subscale and a negative association between EI and the depression and anxiety subscales. In non-PUBG players, a positive association between GAS and depression subscale and a negative association between EI and the depression, stress, and total DASS-21 scores was observed. Conclusion: These results suggest that addictive online gaming behavior has detrimental effect on the psychological well-being of players. Furthermore, EI has a potential protective impact against psychological morbidity in these subjects. Future studies may be planned to explore the influence of interventional EI training on psychological health and addictive gaming behavior of online gamers.
{"title":"Inter-relationship between gaming addiction, emotional intelligence, and psychological well-being of playerunknown's battlegrounds and non-playerunknown's battlegrounds online mobile game players: A comparative cross-sectional study","authors":"Avnika Jain, Preeti Jain","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_84_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_84_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recently, increasing trend in popularity of online gaming has been seen worldwide. Online games such as PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds (PUBG) and first-person shooter (FPS) games top the popularity chart among young population. Problematic Internet gaming is also being increasingly reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter-relationship between gaming addiction, emotional intelligence (EI), and psychological well-being in players of PUBG and non-PUBG online shooter mobile games. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four male students (18–22 years) who had played either PUBG or non-PUBG FPS games for ≥3 h/week during the previous 6 months were included. Addictive potential of PUBG (played by n = 33) was compared with that of non-PUBG games (played by n = 31) using Gaming Addiction Scale (GAS). Psychological health and EI were assessed using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form, respectively. Results: The prevalence of gaming addiction and psychological morbidity was significantly higher in PUBG compared to non-PUBG players. EI was comparable in both the groups. Correlational analysis in PUBG players showed a positive association between GAS and anxiety subscale and a negative association between EI and the depression and anxiety subscales. In non-PUBG players, a positive association between GAS and depression subscale and a negative association between EI and the depression, stress, and total DASS-21 scores was observed. Conclusion: These results suggest that addictive online gaming behavior has detrimental effect on the psychological well-being of players. Furthermore, EI has a potential protective impact against psychological morbidity in these subjects. Future studies may be planned to explore the influence of interventional EI training on psychological health and addictive gaming behavior of online gamers.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"14 1","pages":"117 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82538973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/amit.amit_148_21
C. Kala, Ashutosh Bajpai, S. Kala, L. Khan
Introduction: The Gleason grading system is one of the most powerful prognostic predictors of carcinoma prostate. In 2014, a newer grading system, the International Society of Urologic Pathology (ISUP) grading system was proposed. The present study is a retrospective study conducted to compare the cytological grading of prostate carcinoma with the newly proposed ISUP grading system for prostate carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The present study is a retrospective study that included 42 cases of carcinoma prostate. The clinical data of the cases, fine-needle aspiration cytology slides, and histological slides were retrieved and reviewed. The cases were regraded using the ISUP grading system for prostate carcinoma. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Data were statistically analyzed and Chi-square testing was used to compare the two grading systems. Results: A total of 42 cases were studied. The preoperative grade was assigned to the smears and 26.19% (11 cases) were categorized as grade 1, 40.47% (17 cases) as grade 2, and 33.3% (14 cases) as grade 3. Histological sections were also graded according to the ISUP/grade groups (GG) system and 26.19% (11 cases) were graded as GG 1, 33.3% (14 cases) as GG2, 19.04% (8 cases) as GG3, 16.67% (7 cases) as GG4, and 4.47% (2 cases) as GG5. Conclusion: In the present study, it was concluded that there is a direct concordance between the histologic grade as proposed in the ISUP grading system and the cytologic grade on FNA.
{"title":"Cytological grading of prostate carcinoma: A comparative study with the international society of urologic pathology grading system","authors":"C. Kala, Ashutosh Bajpai, S. Kala, L. Khan","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_148_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_148_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Gleason grading system is one of the most powerful prognostic predictors of carcinoma prostate. In 2014, a newer grading system, the International Society of Urologic Pathology (ISUP) grading system was proposed. The present study is a retrospective study conducted to compare the cytological grading of prostate carcinoma with the newly proposed ISUP grading system for prostate carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The present study is a retrospective study that included 42 cases of carcinoma prostate. The clinical data of the cases, fine-needle aspiration cytology slides, and histological slides were retrieved and reviewed. The cases were regraded using the ISUP grading system for prostate carcinoma. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Data were statistically analyzed and Chi-square testing was used to compare the two grading systems. Results: A total of 42 cases were studied. The preoperative grade was assigned to the smears and 26.19% (11 cases) were categorized as grade 1, 40.47% (17 cases) as grade 2, and 33.3% (14 cases) as grade 3. Histological sections were also graded according to the ISUP/grade groups (GG) system and 26.19% (11 cases) were graded as GG 1, 33.3% (14 cases) as GG2, 19.04% (8 cases) as GG3, 16.67% (7 cases) as GG4, and 4.47% (2 cases) as GG5. Conclusion: In the present study, it was concluded that there is a direct concordance between the histologic grade as proposed in the ISUP grading system and the cytologic grade on FNA.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"47 1","pages":"163 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81041292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which emerged in the form of a cluster of cases in a single city has spread around the globe at a rapid pace. The contribution of the nursing professionals in the effective containment of the ongoing pandemic has been immense. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of nursing professionals in the effective containment of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine and the World Health Organization website and a total of 19 articles were selected based on the suitability with the current review objectives. It will not come as a surprise that almost all the nations across the world were not well prepared to effectively respond to the outbreak and that was quite evident in terms of lacunae in planning, preparation, organization, and leadership. In fact, owing to the shortage of personal protective equipment, there was always a threat that any of the healthcare professionals would might become the next statistics in the ongoing pandemic. The issues encountered by the nursing professional were not simple and they essentially demand serious consideration to have a better response in the future. To conclude, the dynamics of life have changed and it is no longer the same. The nursing professionals displayed immense resilience and mental strength regardless of the workload and ethical dilemma. It is the need of the hour to support them and improve their quality of lives to sustain our battle against the ongoing pandemic.
{"title":"The role of nursing professionals and challenges encountered in the effective containment of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_10_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_10_21","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which emerged in the form of a cluster of cases in a single city has spread around the globe at a rapid pace. The contribution of the nursing professionals in the effective containment of the ongoing pandemic has been immense. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of nursing professionals in the effective containment of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine and the World Health Organization website and a total of 19 articles were selected based on the suitability with the current review objectives. It will not come as a surprise that almost all the nations across the world were not well prepared to effectively respond to the outbreak and that was quite evident in terms of lacunae in planning, preparation, organization, and leadership. In fact, owing to the shortage of personal protective equipment, there was always a threat that any of the healthcare professionals would might become the next statistics in the ongoing pandemic. The issues encountered by the nursing professional were not simple and they essentially demand serious consideration to have a better response in the future. To conclude, the dynamics of life have changed and it is no longer the same. The nursing professionals displayed immense resilience and mental strength regardless of the workload and ethical dilemma. It is the need of the hour to support them and improve their quality of lives to sustain our battle against the ongoing pandemic.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"21 1","pages":"79 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74256941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/amit.amit_165_21
D. Jeeragyal, S. Udayar, R. Annadani, Malatesh Undi
Introduction: Improving the quality of life (QOL) of the elderly has been one of the crucial challenges of public health with increasing life expectancy. The study was done to assess the impact on QOL and psychiatric morbidities among elderly females in old age homes (OAH) who had interaction with orphanage children. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 105 elderly females who were residing in OAHs in Chittoor District, India, from Sep–Dec 2019. Data were collected using older people's QOL scale, Hamilton's Scales (HAM-A and HAM-D). Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), software version 20. Results: About 82.9% of elderly females in OAHs who were interacting with orphanage children had good QOL when compared to those who were not (8.6%). A significant difference was observed in domains scores for overall life, independent home and neighborhood, psychological and emotional well-being, and religion in the elderly who were interacting with orphanage children when compared to those who did not. Mean scores for depression and anxiety were significantly higher (P = 0.001) in those who were not interacting with the orphanage children (23.23, 43.74) than with interaction (13.46, 43.74). Conclusions: Overall QOL was better in elderly females who had interaction with orphanage children when compared to those who did not. Furthermore, psychiatric morbidities (depression and anxiety) were significantly higher in those who were not having interaction with orphanage children than those with interaction (P = 0.001).
{"title":"The impact of interaction with orphanage children on quality of life of elderly females residing in old-age homes in a South Indian District: A comparative study","authors":"D. Jeeragyal, S. Udayar, R. Annadani, Malatesh Undi","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_165_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_165_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Improving the quality of life (QOL) of the elderly has been one of the crucial challenges of public health with increasing life expectancy. The study was done to assess the impact on QOL and psychiatric morbidities among elderly females in old age homes (OAH) who had interaction with orphanage children. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 105 elderly females who were residing in OAHs in Chittoor District, India, from Sep–Dec 2019. Data were collected using older people's QOL scale, Hamilton's Scales (HAM-A and HAM-D). Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), software version 20. Results: About 82.9% of elderly females in OAHs who were interacting with orphanage children had good QOL when compared to those who were not (8.6%). A significant difference was observed in domains scores for overall life, independent home and neighborhood, psychological and emotional well-being, and religion in the elderly who were interacting with orphanage children when compared to those who did not. Mean scores for depression and anxiety were significantly higher (P = 0.001) in those who were not interacting with the orphanage children (23.23, 43.74) than with interaction (13.46, 43.74). Conclusions: Overall QOL was better in elderly females who had interaction with orphanage children when compared to those who did not. Furthermore, psychiatric morbidities (depression and anxiety) were significantly higher in those who were not having interaction with orphanage children than those with interaction (P = 0.001).","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"6 1","pages":"82 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83600164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Hand sanitation is the key measure suggested to counteract and control the spread of pathogens within the hospital setup to safeguard the patients and health professionals from disease. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of two different hand hygiene measures (soap-water, hand rub) on the level of bacterial colony among healthcare personnel's hands. Materials and Methods: A total of 44 health care workers were equally divided into two groups using nonprobability convenient sampling technique from various critical care units and approach utilized was quasi-experimental design. Using Pretest posttest design 88 culture swabs were obtained from the hands of participants before and after handwashing with soap and water and hand rub respectively and sent to microbiology laboratory for further testing for the presence of transient bacterial colonies. Results: Paired t-test was used to compare between the two groups. It showed that the mean difference of hand rub group is greater than that of soap and water group (27.9 > 5.7). Paired t-test value is 2.3 and P = 0.028 (P < 0.05). Hence, it was considered statistically significant. Moreover, Fischer's exact test was used to find out the association between pre-interventional bacterial count with selected demographic variable (P > 0.05). Hence, it was considered statistically insignificant. Conclusions: Hand hygiene with hand rub is more effective than handwashing with soap and water in transient bacterial colony reduction from hands of health care personnel.
{"title":"Effectiveness of standard hand hygiene procedure versus use of hand rub in reducing transient bacterial colony from hands of health professionals working in critical care units: Quasi-experimental study","authors":"Betcy Pappachan, Anil Sharma, Anil Patidar","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_16_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_16_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hand sanitation is the key measure suggested to counteract and control the spread of pathogens within the hospital setup to safeguard the patients and health professionals from disease. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of two different hand hygiene measures (soap-water, hand rub) on the level of bacterial colony among healthcare personnel's hands. Materials and Methods: A total of 44 health care workers were equally divided into two groups using nonprobability convenient sampling technique from various critical care units and approach utilized was quasi-experimental design. Using Pretest posttest design 88 culture swabs were obtained from the hands of participants before and after handwashing with soap and water and hand rub respectively and sent to microbiology laboratory for further testing for the presence of transient bacterial colonies. Results: Paired t-test was used to compare between the two groups. It showed that the mean difference of hand rub group is greater than that of soap and water group (27.9 > 5.7). Paired t-test value is 2.3 and P = 0.028 (P < 0.05). Hence, it was considered statistically significant. Moreover, Fischer's exact test was used to find out the association between pre-interventional bacterial count with selected demographic variable (P > 0.05). Hence, it was considered statistically insignificant. Conclusions: Hand hygiene with hand rub is more effective than handwashing with soap and water in transient bacterial colony reduction from hands of health care personnel.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"10 1","pages":"138 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87697047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Nowadays, the issues of early diagnostics of cardiovascular disorders in neonates with sepsis with the use of up-to-date methods of examination that can be applied as screening methods with the aim to verify the possible development of cardiovascular dysfunction remain urgent. To study certain clinical-instrumental parameters and biochemical markers in neonates depending on the gestational age to improve the prognosis with neonatal sepsis (NS). Materials and Methods: To realize the objective, 57 neonates were under our observation with verified diagnosis “NS.” I Group (23 patients – 40.3%) included neonates with the term of gestation 37–42 weeks, II Group– 34 preterm neonates (59.7%) with gestational age under 36 weeks inclusive. The latter group was subdivided depending on the term of gestation into IIA subgroup including 21 preterm neonates with NS and the term of gestation 32–36 weeks, IIB-subgroup included 13 neonates born in the term under 32 weeks of gestation. Results: Term males were found to suffer from sepsis more often (odds ratio = 5.19). Delivery by cesarean section for preterm neonates increased reliably the risk of NS development compared with term neonates (OR = 2.7). It was found that the average values of LDH activity in the groups were not higher than normal parameters with a tendency to decrease as the duration of pregnancy decreased. At the same time, in almost all examined patients, there was an excess of serum activity of Creatine phosphokinase-MB fraction (CPK-MB) (86.96% of cases in Group I and in 91.18% of cases in Group II) and in some patients an increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (ACT) activity in 52.17% of patients with Group I, in 47.06% of cases from Group II, P > 0.05). The correlation analysis conducted showed that in preterm neonates suffering from NS increase of the myocardial functional ability of the left ventricle was associated with females and the number of days of inotropic support. Conclusions: Analysis of clinical-anamnestic findings determined that term males suffer from NS reliably more frequent which is clearly associated with the risk of NS development. Increase of CPK-MB serum activity can be considered as a sign of myocardial dysfunction development caused by NS. The analysis of echocardiographic parameters conducted in the group or preterm neonates found a direct correlation of the ejection fraction with initiation of cardiovascular resuscitation immediately after birth and the period of introduction of inotropic drugs.
{"title":"Markers of myocardial dysfunction in neonates with sepsis of various gestational age","authors":"N. Kretsu, O. Koloskova, T. Bilous","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_53_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_53_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nowadays, the issues of early diagnostics of cardiovascular disorders in neonates with sepsis with the use of up-to-date methods of examination that can be applied as screening methods with the aim to verify the possible development of cardiovascular dysfunction remain urgent. To study certain clinical-instrumental parameters and biochemical markers in neonates depending on the gestational age to improve the prognosis with neonatal sepsis (NS). Materials and Methods: To realize the objective, 57 neonates were under our observation with verified diagnosis “NS.” I Group (23 patients – 40.3%) included neonates with the term of gestation 37–42 weeks, II Group– 34 preterm neonates (59.7%) with gestational age under 36 weeks inclusive. The latter group was subdivided depending on the term of gestation into IIA subgroup including 21 preterm neonates with NS and the term of gestation 32–36 weeks, IIB-subgroup included 13 neonates born in the term under 32 weeks of gestation. Results: Term males were found to suffer from sepsis more often (odds ratio = 5.19). Delivery by cesarean section for preterm neonates increased reliably the risk of NS development compared with term neonates (OR = 2.7). It was found that the average values of LDH activity in the groups were not higher than normal parameters with a tendency to decrease as the duration of pregnancy decreased. At the same time, in almost all examined patients, there was an excess of serum activity of Creatine phosphokinase-MB fraction (CPK-MB) (86.96% of cases in Group I and in 91.18% of cases in Group II) and in some patients an increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (ACT) activity in 52.17% of patients with Group I, in 47.06% of cases from Group II, P > 0.05). The correlation analysis conducted showed that in preterm neonates suffering from NS increase of the myocardial functional ability of the left ventricle was associated with females and the number of days of inotropic support. Conclusions: Analysis of clinical-anamnestic findings determined that term males suffer from NS reliably more frequent which is clearly associated with the risk of NS development. Increase of CPK-MB serum activity can be considered as a sign of myocardial dysfunction development caused by NS. The analysis of echocardiographic parameters conducted in the group or preterm neonates found a direct correlation of the ejection fraction with initiation of cardiovascular resuscitation immediately after birth and the period of introduction of inotropic drugs.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"43 1","pages":"132 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81292899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/amit.amit_111_21
Masuma Yasmin, G. Bhattacharyya, Sujoy Ghosh, Kajari Bandyopadhyay, D. Mukhopadhyay, A. Biswas
Introduction: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent complete lockdown have resulted in a lot of difficulties in availing essential services including medical care, especially among the persons living with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The situation was complicated by stress and fear due to unknown nature of the pandemic during initial phases. This study aimed at measuring the perceived stress and hardship faced by persons living with DM and assessing their health status during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: An institution-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among diagnosed cases of Type 2 DM attending diabetic clinic outpatient department using an interview technique with the help of a predesigned pretested questionnaire that consisted of variables such as perpetual and experiential stress, hardship, and selected self-reported health parameters. Results: Out of a total of 304 study participants, majority responded positively regarding the items of perpetual and experiential stress. However, 80.8% of participants reported the reduction of income, and about 75% of them faced hardship of various extent to manage medicine and diet with low income. Only 9.1% of participants used teleconsultation as a sole method for health checkups. About one-third of participants considered their mental health status as poor or very poor, whereas two-third considered their physical health as good or excellent. Conclusion: Although our study participants did not have much stress or deterioration of health during lockdown, their income and regular care were affected to a certain extent. This emphasizes the need for context-specific measures.
{"title":"Perceived stress, hardship, and self-reported health status of persons living with diabetes mellitus during Coronavirus Disease-19 pandemic and lockdown: A descriptive study","authors":"Masuma Yasmin, G. Bhattacharyya, Sujoy Ghosh, Kajari Bandyopadhyay, D. Mukhopadhyay, A. Biswas","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_111_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_111_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent complete lockdown have resulted in a lot of difficulties in availing essential services including medical care, especially among the persons living with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The situation was complicated by stress and fear due to unknown nature of the pandemic during initial phases. This study aimed at measuring the perceived stress and hardship faced by persons living with DM and assessing their health status during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: An institution-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among diagnosed cases of Type 2 DM attending diabetic clinic outpatient department using an interview technique with the help of a predesigned pretested questionnaire that consisted of variables such as perpetual and experiential stress, hardship, and selected self-reported health parameters. Results: Out of a total of 304 study participants, majority responded positively regarding the items of perpetual and experiential stress. However, 80.8% of participants reported the reduction of income, and about 75% of them faced hardship of various extent to manage medicine and diet with low income. Only 9.1% of participants used teleconsultation as a sole method for health checkups. About one-third of participants considered their mental health status as poor or very poor, whereas two-third considered their physical health as good or excellent. Conclusion: Although our study participants did not have much stress or deterioration of health during lockdown, their income and regular care were affected to a certain extent. This emphasizes the need for context-specific measures.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"34 1","pages":"111 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91319609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/amit.amit_138_21
Priyanka Gupta, O. Bhinder, V. Gupta, A. Ahuja, Anil R Pandey, R. M. Mandal Ravi
Introduction: The surveillance case definitions for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children adapted from adult guidelines emphasized the presence of fever and/or respiratory symptoms as the criteria for suspicion and testing. The clinical course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Indian children is still not well described. Materials and Methods: This observational study was done at a dedicated COVID-19 tertiary care hospital of Haryana, India, between April 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020, with due approval of Institutional Ethics Committee. A total of 86 SARS-CoV-2 positive inpatient children in the age group of 1 month − 12 years were enrolled to outline the clinical course and outcome of acute illness longitudinally over initial 2 weeks of infection. Clinical management and hospital discharge policy was guided by public health authorities and prevailing scientific evidence which were updated and notified time to time as the pandemic evolved. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the study variables. Results: Majority children (48/86; 56%) remained asymptomatic throughout 2-week surveillance period, 35 (41%) suffered mild, 2 (2%) moderate, and 1 (1%) severe disease. All children had intact survival. Comorbid condition(s) were present in five (6%) children. Among infants and the subset of children with premorbid condition(s), the proportion of children suffering symptomatic illness (88% and 80%, respectively) and moderate-severe illness (25% and 40%, respectively) was quite high. Respiratory symptoms (68%) and fever (50%) were the most common symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 26% symptomatic children. Fever was the only symptom in 11% children; and 16% children had only gastrointestinal symptoms without any fever or respiratory symptom(s). Conclusion: Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is commonly asymptomatic, or a mild illness with not only respiratory but also non-respiratory manifestations. Thus, a high index of suspicion for SARS-CoV-2 infection is required by the treating physicians in this subgroup of population as they might play an important role in virus transmission and amplification. In case the testing is deferred among asymptomatic contacts or children with mild symptoms, they may be presumed SARS-CoV-2 infected, isolated, and managed accordingly.
{"title":"Symptomatology and outcome of acute COVID-19 illness in children at Faridabad, India","authors":"Priyanka Gupta, O. Bhinder, V. Gupta, A. Ahuja, Anil R Pandey, R. M. Mandal Ravi","doi":"10.4103/amit.amit_138_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amit.amit_138_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The surveillance case definitions for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children adapted from adult guidelines emphasized the presence of fever and/or respiratory symptoms as the criteria for suspicion and testing. The clinical course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Indian children is still not well described. Materials and Methods: This observational study was done at a dedicated COVID-19 tertiary care hospital of Haryana, India, between April 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020, with due approval of Institutional Ethics Committee. A total of 86 SARS-CoV-2 positive inpatient children in the age group of 1 month − 12 years were enrolled to outline the clinical course and outcome of acute illness longitudinally over initial 2 weeks of infection. Clinical management and hospital discharge policy was guided by public health authorities and prevailing scientific evidence which were updated and notified time to time as the pandemic evolved. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the study variables. Results: Majority children (48/86; 56%) remained asymptomatic throughout 2-week surveillance period, 35 (41%) suffered mild, 2 (2%) moderate, and 1 (1%) severe disease. All children had intact survival. Comorbid condition(s) were present in five (6%) children. Among infants and the subset of children with premorbid condition(s), the proportion of children suffering symptomatic illness (88% and 80%, respectively) and moderate-severe illness (25% and 40%, respectively) was quite high. Respiratory symptoms (68%) and fever (50%) were the most common symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 26% symptomatic children. Fever was the only symptom in 11% children; and 16% children had only gastrointestinal symptoms without any fever or respiratory symptom(s). Conclusion: Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is commonly asymptomatic, or a mild illness with not only respiratory but also non-respiratory manifestations. Thus, a high index of suspicion for SARS-CoV-2 infection is required by the treating physicians in this subgroup of population as they might play an important role in virus transmission and amplification. In case the testing is deferred among asymptomatic contacts or children with mild symptoms, they may be presumed SARS-CoV-2 infected, isolated, and managed accordingly.","PeriodicalId":32506,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica International","volume":"1 1","pages":"94 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72687144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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