Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.26480/esp.01.2021.06.09
H. Anan
Six Early Paleogene small Rotaliid benthic foraminiferal species of the genus Ornatanomalina Haque are common in Pakistan and some of them are recorded from some localities in the Southern Tethys (Iraq, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Nigeria), as well as Northern Tethys (Italy, France): O. acuta, O. crookshanki, O. elegantula, O. geei, O. glaessneri, O. hafeezi. Another one of the illustrated species of Pakistan is believed to be new: O. pakistanica Anan, n. sp. Moreover, another one species of the genus was recorded earlier from the Early Eocene rocks of the United Arab Emirates (UAE):O. ennakhali. The taxonomic status of the genus Ornatanomalina Haque with the other related genera, as Thalmannita (Bermúdez) and Saudella Hasson are also discussed.
{"title":"PALEONTOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE TETHYAN EARLY PALEOGENE ROTALIID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL PAKISTANIAN GENUS ORNATANOMALINA AND OTHER RELATED GENERA","authors":"H. Anan","doi":"10.26480/esp.01.2021.06.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.01.2021.06.09","url":null,"abstract":"Six Early Paleogene small Rotaliid benthic foraminiferal species of the genus Ornatanomalina Haque are common in Pakistan and some of them are recorded from some localities in the Southern Tethys (Iraq, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Nigeria), as well as Northern Tethys (Italy, France): O. acuta, O. crookshanki, O. elegantula, O. geei, O. glaessneri, O. hafeezi. Another one of the illustrated species of Pakistan is believed to be new: O. pakistanica Anan, n. sp. Moreover, another one species of the genus was recorded earlier from the Early Eocene rocks of the United Arab Emirates (UAE):O. ennakhali. The taxonomic status of the genus Ornatanomalina Haque with the other related genera, as Thalmannita (Bermúdez) and Saudella Hasson are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42657005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.26480/esp.01.2021.10.15
H. Anan
Twenty-one benthic foraminiferal species were originally erected from the Southern Tethys, 13 species from Egypt, and 8 species from Pakistan. Some of these species were recorded from different localities in the Northern Tethys: France, Spain, Italy, North Atlantic, Slovenia and Gulf of Biscay. Textularia crookshanki, Trifarina esnaensis and Cibicidoides libycus in France and North Atlantic, Orthokarstenia nakkadyi and Cibicidoides pseudoacutus in France and Spain, Eponides lotus in Italy and Gulf of Biscay, Siphogaudryina africana in France and Italy, Asterigerina brencei in Spain and Slovenia. Another 9 Southern Tethyan foraminiferal species were recorded in France (Spiroplectinella esnaensis, Astacolus vomeriformis, Vaginulinopsis nammalensis, Reussella johnstoni, Angulogavelinella abudurbensis, Cibicidoides nammalensis, Planulina sinaensis, Asterigerina cuniformis, Elphidiella africana), 2 species in Spain (Verneuilina aegyptiaca, Coleites galeebi), and one species in Italy (Haplophragmoides desertorum), and Hungary (Bathysiphon saidi).
{"title":"PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY OF SOME EGYPTIAN AND PAKISTANIAN BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL SPECIES IN THE NORTHERN TETHYS","authors":"H. Anan","doi":"10.26480/esp.01.2021.10.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.01.2021.10.15","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-one benthic foraminiferal species were originally erected from the Southern Tethys, 13 species from Egypt, and 8 species from Pakistan. Some of these species were recorded from different localities in the Northern Tethys: France, Spain, Italy, North Atlantic, Slovenia and Gulf of Biscay. Textularia crookshanki, Trifarina esnaensis and Cibicidoides libycus in France and North Atlantic, Orthokarstenia nakkadyi and Cibicidoides pseudoacutus in France and Spain, Eponides lotus in Italy and Gulf of Biscay, Siphogaudryina africana in France and Italy, Asterigerina brencei in Spain and Slovenia. Another 9 Southern Tethyan foraminiferal species were recorded in France (Spiroplectinella esnaensis, Astacolus vomeriformis, Vaginulinopsis nammalensis, Reussella johnstoni, Angulogavelinella abudurbensis, Cibicidoides nammalensis, Planulina sinaensis, Asterigerina cuniformis, Elphidiella africana), 2 species in Spain (Verneuilina aegyptiaca, Coleites galeebi), and one species in Italy (Haplophragmoides desertorum), and Hungary (Bathysiphon saidi).","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45650765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.26480/esp.01.2021.38.41
H. Anan
Lenticuzonaria n. gen. is introduced here to include the Paleocene benthic Lagenid Foraminiferids from some Southern Tethyan localities (Egypt and Jordan) that characterized by planispirally enrolled symmetrical hyaline calcareous test, ornamented surface by elevated sutures with a row of tubercles or broken into a row of nodes along the sutures, and spinose surface. Some representatives of the new genus have been previously assigned to the genus Vaginulinopsis Reuss (1860), or Lenticulina Lamarck (1804), or Marginulinopsis Silvestri (1904). The new genus has a compiled characters between its lenticular test (as the genus Lenticulina Lamarck, 1804 with its planispirally enrolled test, unbroken continuous sutures and smooth surface), and also another genus Percultazonaria Loeblich & Tappan, 1986 (which has planispiral-uniserial test with ornamented surface mainly by elevated sutures that may costate or broken nodes). Two Paleocene species of the new genus are described here from two countries in the Southern Tethys: Jordan (Lenticuzonaria hodae) and Egypt (Lenticuzonaria misrensis). These two species have planispirally enrolled symmetrical hyaline calcareous test with ornamented surface. L. hodae has spinose ornamented surface, besides the elevated sutures, while L. misrensis has a row of nodes elevated sutures, but without spinose surface.
{"title":"LENTICUZONARIA: A NEW TETHYAN LAGENID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL GENUS","authors":"H. Anan","doi":"10.26480/esp.01.2021.38.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.01.2021.38.41","url":null,"abstract":"Lenticuzonaria n. gen. is introduced here to include the Paleocene benthic Lagenid Foraminiferids from some Southern Tethyan localities (Egypt and Jordan) that characterized by planispirally enrolled symmetrical hyaline calcareous test, ornamented surface by elevated sutures with a row of tubercles or broken into a row of nodes along the sutures, and spinose surface. Some representatives of the new genus have been previously assigned to the genus Vaginulinopsis Reuss (1860), or Lenticulina Lamarck (1804), or Marginulinopsis Silvestri (1904). The new genus has a compiled characters between its lenticular test (as the genus Lenticulina Lamarck, 1804 with its planispirally enrolled test, unbroken continuous sutures and smooth surface), and also another genus Percultazonaria Loeblich & Tappan, 1986 (which has planispiral-uniserial test with ornamented surface mainly by elevated sutures that may costate or broken nodes). Two Paleocene species of the new genus are described here from two countries in the Southern Tethys: Jordan (Lenticuzonaria hodae) and Egypt (Lenticuzonaria misrensis). These two species have planispirally enrolled symmetrical hyaline calcareous test with ornamented surface. L. hodae has spinose ornamented surface, besides the elevated sutures, while L. misrensis has a row of nodes elevated sutures, but without spinose surface.","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46440829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.26480/esp.01.2021.01.05
Ajala S.A, Salako K. A, Rafiu A. A, Alahassan U. D, A. T, Sanusi Y.A
This study presents the results of the analysis and interpretation of aeromagnetic data over part of Adamawa trough with the aim of investigating the hydrocarbon potential of the study area. The study area is located between latitude 8.50oN and 9.50oN and longitudes 11.50oE and 12.50oE. The Total magnetic intensity map of the study area was subjected to regional/residual separation. Three depth estimating techniques applied on the residual map to determine the thickness of sediments in the study area were Source parameter imaging, Euler deconvolution and spectral method. The results of these methods corroborate; the SPI, Euler Deconvolution and Spectral method shows a thick sedimentation of 4.42 km, 4.20 km and 4.17 km at the north-eastern part of the study area respectively. The SPI, Euler deconvolution and the Spectral method reveal shallow depth of 0.06 km, 0.10 km and 0.42 km at the southeast, southern and southwest part of the study area respectively. The maximum sedimentary thickness of above 4 km obtained in this study at the north-eastern part of the study area which corresponds to Numal might be sufficient for hydrocarbon maturation and accumulation. The study area was found to have a good prospect for hydrocarbon exploration.
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF SEDIMENTARY THICKNESS FOR HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OVER PART OF ADAMAWA TROUGH, NE NIGERIA USING MAGNETIC METHOD","authors":"Ajala S.A, Salako K. A, Rafiu A. A, Alahassan U. D, A. T, Sanusi Y.A","doi":"10.26480/esp.01.2021.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.01.2021.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the results of the analysis and interpretation of aeromagnetic data over part of Adamawa trough with the aim of investigating the hydrocarbon potential of the study area. The study area is located between latitude 8.50oN and 9.50oN and longitudes 11.50oE and 12.50oE. The Total magnetic intensity map of the study area was subjected to regional/residual separation. Three depth estimating techniques applied on the residual map to determine the thickness of sediments in the study area were Source parameter imaging, Euler deconvolution and spectral method. The results of these methods corroborate; the SPI, Euler Deconvolution and Spectral method shows a thick sedimentation of 4.42 km, 4.20 km and 4.17 km at the north-eastern part of the study area respectively. The SPI, Euler deconvolution and the Spectral method reveal shallow depth of 0.06 km, 0.10 km and 0.42 km at the southeast, southern and southwest part of the study area respectively. The maximum sedimentary thickness of above 4 km obtained in this study at the north-eastern part of the study area which corresponds to Numal might be sufficient for hydrocarbon maturation and accumulation. The study area was found to have a good prospect for hydrocarbon exploration.","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49258288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.26480/esp.01.2021.42.47
H. Anan
Thirteen Early Paleogene Pakistanian smaller Miliolid and eight Lagenid benthic foraminiferal species and subspecies from the Ranikot and Laki Formations of the Nammal Gorge, Salt and Sor Ranges, Punjab of Northern Pakistan have been studied. The modern taxonomic consideration and systematic description of the species is based on the diagnostic morphology, and provides a list of synonyms, short remarks about morphological features of the taxa and some annotations about taxa with problematic generic status. Two species of them belong to the genus Spiroloculina(haquei, pakistanica), four of Quinqueloculina (inflata, pseudosimplex, pseudovata, ranikotensis), two of Triloculina (psudoenoplostoma, sarahae), two of Agglutinella (reinemundi, sori) and three of Dentostomina (ammobicarinata, ammoirregularis, gapperi). One species of the Lagenid belongs to the genus Frondicularia (nammalensis), one of Lenticulina (reussi), one subspecies of Palmula (woodi nammalensis), one of Astacolus (vomeriformis), one of Vaginulinopsis (nammalensis), one of Lagena (reticulatostriata), one of Galawayella (nammalensis) and one of Parafissurina (pakistanica). The two species of the Miliolids: Spiroloculina (haquei, pakistanica) and one Lagenid Parafissurina (pakistanica) are believed to be new. Some of these species are recorded outside of Pakistan in Northern Tethys (France): Astacolus vomeriformis and Vaginulinopsis nammalensis. The high abundance of pelagic Pakistanian foraminiferal assemblage indicate open connection to the Tethys, which represents middle-outer neritic environment (100-200 m depth) and shows an affinity with ‘Midway-Type Fauna’.
{"title":"PALEONTOLOGY AND PALEOENVIRONMENT OF THE EARLY PALEOGENE PAKISTANIAN BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL SPECIES OF HAQUE – SUBORDERS MILIOLINA AND LAGENINA","authors":"H. Anan","doi":"10.26480/esp.01.2021.42.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.01.2021.42.47","url":null,"abstract":"Thirteen Early Paleogene Pakistanian smaller Miliolid and eight Lagenid benthic foraminiferal species and subspecies from the Ranikot and Laki Formations of the Nammal Gorge, Salt and Sor Ranges, Punjab of Northern Pakistan have been studied. The modern taxonomic consideration and systematic description of the species is based on the diagnostic morphology, and provides a list of synonyms, short remarks about morphological features of the taxa and some annotations about taxa with problematic generic status. Two species of them belong to the genus Spiroloculina(haquei, pakistanica), four of Quinqueloculina (inflata, pseudosimplex, pseudovata, ranikotensis), two of Triloculina (psudoenoplostoma, sarahae), two of Agglutinella (reinemundi, sori) and three of Dentostomina (ammobicarinata, ammoirregularis, gapperi). One species of the Lagenid belongs to the genus Frondicularia (nammalensis), one of Lenticulina (reussi), one subspecies of Palmula (woodi nammalensis), one of Astacolus (vomeriformis), one of Vaginulinopsis (nammalensis), one of Lagena (reticulatostriata), one of Galawayella (nammalensis) and one of Parafissurina (pakistanica). The two species of the Miliolids: Spiroloculina (haquei, pakistanica) and one Lagenid Parafissurina (pakistanica) are believed to be new. Some of these species are recorded outside of Pakistan in Northern Tethys (France): Astacolus vomeriformis and Vaginulinopsis nammalensis. The high abundance of pelagic Pakistanian foraminiferal assemblage indicate open connection to the Tethys, which represents middle-outer neritic environment (100-200 m depth) and shows an affinity with ‘Midway-Type Fauna’.","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43436303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.26480/esp.01.2021.26.32
Naseer Uddin, M. Kakar, Umar Farooq, M. Panezai, Mukhtiar Ghani, N. Ahmed
Zhob Ophiolite complex is composed of three detached blocks named Omzha, Ali Khanzai and Naweoba blocks. The crustal plutonic section of the Naweoba block is mapped and divided into gabbro and granite. Based on petrographical studies, the gabbros fell in the domain of gabbro, gabbronorite, and hornblende gabbro while granitic rocks fell in the vicinity of quartz-rich granitic rocks, granodiorite, plagiogranite and tonalite. Gabbroic rocks cover the maximum area of the crustal plutonic section and are usually medium-grained while at many places the grain size is quite large to be seen with naked eyes. Minerlogically gabbroic rocks consist of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, amphibole and plagioclase. These rocks maybe the fragments of main crustal plutonic section of the Zhob ophiolite. The granitic rocks having mafic minerals dominted in the eastern portion, while the felsic minerals dominted ones are in the west. The eastern side of the granitic body is compact and massive compared to western portion which is quite altered and shattered. Granitic rocks are composed of plagioclase, alkali feldspar and quartz where rutile and Cr-spinel exist in trace amounts. The gabbros of Naweoba block may have formed in a magma chamber as a result of fractional crystallization. While the granites maybe a late magmatic differentiate from the same magma chamber. The close correlation of gabbroic and granitic rocks of Naweoba block with Muslim Bagh, Khanozai and Bela ophiolites suggests their formation in supra subduction zone setting.
{"title":"PETROLOGY OF THE CRUSTAL PLUTONIC ROCKS OF NAWEOBA BLOCK, ZHOB OPHIOLITE, BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN","authors":"Naseer Uddin, M. Kakar, Umar Farooq, M. Panezai, Mukhtiar Ghani, N. Ahmed","doi":"10.26480/esp.01.2021.26.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.01.2021.26.32","url":null,"abstract":"Zhob Ophiolite complex is composed of three detached blocks named Omzha, Ali Khanzai and Naweoba blocks. The crustal plutonic section of the Naweoba block is mapped and divided into gabbro and granite. Based on petrographical studies, the gabbros fell in the domain of gabbro, gabbronorite, and hornblende gabbro while granitic rocks fell in the vicinity of quartz-rich granitic rocks, granodiorite, plagiogranite and tonalite. Gabbroic rocks cover the maximum area of the crustal plutonic section and are usually medium-grained while at many places the grain size is quite large to be seen with naked eyes. Minerlogically gabbroic rocks consist of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, amphibole and plagioclase. These rocks maybe the fragments of main crustal plutonic section of the Zhob ophiolite. The granitic rocks having mafic minerals dominted in the eastern portion, while the felsic minerals dominted ones are in the west. The eastern side of the granitic body is compact and massive compared to western portion which is quite altered and shattered. Granitic rocks are composed of plagioclase, alkali feldspar and quartz where rutile and Cr-spinel exist in trace amounts. The gabbros of Naweoba block may have formed in a magma chamber as a result of fractional crystallization. While the granites maybe a late magmatic differentiate from the same magma chamber. The close correlation of gabbroic and granitic rocks of Naweoba block with Muslim Bagh, Khanozai and Bela ophiolites suggests their formation in supra subduction zone setting.","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47353291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.26480/esp.01.2021.20.25
Anam Maqsood, Gulfam Shoaib, Maryam Zafar
Rapid population growth and high rate of urbanization make municipal solid waste management a challenging task for municipalities. Lack of sufficient infrastructural facilities worsen this challenging situation. To curb this, transfer stations, which are facilities located close to residential areas and are used to receive and hold waste temporarily until it is transported to distant landfills. It reduces waste transportation cost and provide a place for waste segregation. In Lahore open transfer station is built near river Ravi and residential areas which is creating air and land pollution. This study is carryout to select the suitable location for waste transfer station in Lahore that meets the USEPA criteria. Buffer command of Arc GIS is used for site selection. Best suitable sites selected for Lahore in this analysis are UC Sultanki and UC Chandrai where more buffers are joint during buffer analysis. Furthermore, cost estimation for the construction and operation of both waste transfer stations are done.
{"title":"LAND DEMARCATION AND DESIGNING OF WASTE TRANSFER STATION USING GIS TECHNIQUE FOR LAHORE CITY, PAKISTAN","authors":"Anam Maqsood, Gulfam Shoaib, Maryam Zafar","doi":"10.26480/esp.01.2021.20.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.01.2021.20.25","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid population growth and high rate of urbanization make municipal solid waste management a challenging task for municipalities. Lack of sufficient infrastructural facilities worsen this challenging situation. To curb this, transfer stations, which are facilities located close to residential areas and are used to receive and hold waste temporarily until it is transported to distant landfills. It reduces waste transportation cost and provide a place for waste segregation. In Lahore open transfer station is built near river Ravi and residential areas which is creating air and land pollution. This study is carryout to select the suitable location for waste transfer station in Lahore that meets the USEPA criteria. Buffer command of Arc GIS is used for site selection. Best suitable sites selected for Lahore in this analysis are UC Sultanki and UC Chandrai where more buffers are joint during buffer analysis. Furthermore, cost estimation for the construction and operation of both waste transfer stations are done.","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46451414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-14DOI: 10.26480/esp.02.2020.53.59
Glory G. Akpan, E. Uko, O. D. Ngerebara
Soil samples from 31 shallow boreholes were acquired at depths 0m, 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m, 5m, 7m, 10m, 15m, 20m, 25m, 30m, 35m, 40m, 45m, 50m, 55m, and 60m in Pingida (Kolmani Field) in Ako LGA, Gombe State, Nigeria. Using the same boreholes, seismic refraction data was also acquired. The aim of the survey was to delineate the near-surface lithology and velocity layering. The boreholes were drilled using rotary drilling rig and the core samples acquired and described using Wentworth Scale. Seismic refraction data acquired using a single trace Stratavisor NZXP portable digital recorder. The recording spread consisted of a single SM4- 10Hz geophone positioned at depths where the soil samples were taken. A hammer was used as the energy source and placed 3m away from the hole to obtain the first breaks. The refraction data was interpreted using UDISYS Version 1.0.0.0 software. The soil layers in the Kolmani Field have three distinct layers specified as follows, namely, top weathered and sub-consolidated layers made up of intercalation of sandstone, gravel ash clay and muddy coal shale. The lithologic strata do not correlate throughout the field resulting from the highly variable elevation which ranged from 317m and 524m with average of 389.16m. The top weathered layer of laterite intercalated with cobblestones with compressional wave velocity ranging from 342 ms-1 to 517 ms-1 with an average of 405.03 ms-1. Beneath the weathered layer is the sub-consolidated Clay layer intercalated with silt and laterite of compressional wave velocity ranging from 440 ms-1 to 1854 ms-1 of average of 826 ms-1. The underlying consolidated layer is the shale and coal layer having compressional wave velocity ranging from 1518 ms-1 to 4201 ms-1 with an average of 2162.65 ms-1. The dominant lithologic sequences encountered are laterite, clay, silt, sand, gravel, coal and shale. The results of this work can be used for static corrections in seismic reflection processing, planning and assessing risk for engineering structures, and for groundwater exploration. The laterite, clay, silt, sand, gravel, coal and shale can be utilized in agriculture, construction, process industries, and environmental remediation.
{"title":"THE LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE NEAR-SURFACE IN PART OF SEDIMENTARY KOLMANI FIELD IN NORTHERN BENUE TROUGH, NIGERIA, USING SOIL CORE AND SEISMIC REFRACTION DATA","authors":"Glory G. Akpan, E. Uko, O. D. Ngerebara","doi":"10.26480/esp.02.2020.53.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.02.2020.53.59","url":null,"abstract":"Soil samples from 31 shallow boreholes were acquired at depths 0m, 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m, 5m, 7m, 10m, 15m, 20m, 25m, 30m, 35m, 40m, 45m, 50m, 55m, and 60m in Pingida (Kolmani Field) in Ako LGA, Gombe State, Nigeria. Using the same boreholes, seismic refraction data was also acquired. The aim of the survey was to delineate the near-surface lithology and velocity layering. The boreholes were drilled using rotary drilling rig and the core samples acquired and described using Wentworth Scale. Seismic refraction data acquired using a single trace Stratavisor NZXP portable digital recorder. The recording spread consisted of a single SM4- 10Hz geophone positioned at depths where the soil samples were taken. A hammer was used as the energy source and placed 3m away from the hole to obtain the first breaks. The refraction data was interpreted using UDISYS Version 1.0.0.0 software. The soil layers in the Kolmani Field have three distinct layers specified as follows, namely, top weathered and sub-consolidated layers made up of intercalation of sandstone, gravel ash clay and muddy coal shale. The lithologic strata do not correlate throughout the field resulting from the highly variable elevation which ranged from 317m and 524m with average of 389.16m. The top weathered layer of laterite intercalated with cobblestones with compressional wave velocity ranging from 342 ms-1 to 517 ms-1 with an average of 405.03 ms-1. Beneath the weathered layer is the sub-consolidated Clay layer intercalated with silt and laterite of compressional wave velocity ranging from 440 ms-1 to 1854 ms-1 of average of 826 ms-1. The underlying consolidated layer is the shale and coal layer having compressional wave velocity ranging from 1518 ms-1 to 4201 ms-1 with an average of 2162.65 ms-1. The dominant lithologic sequences encountered are laterite, clay, silt, sand, gravel, coal and shale. The results of this work can be used for static corrections in seismic reflection processing, planning and assessing risk for engineering structures, and for groundwater exploration. The laterite, clay, silt, sand, gravel, coal and shale can be utilized in agriculture, construction, process industries, and environmental remediation.","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43007092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.26480/esp.01.2020.25.33
Ayesha S. Nawaz, Sana Basheer, Awais Masood Ahmed, Haroon Rashid, A. Nasir, Shamim Umer
The present research study was conducted on Health risk assessment of heavy metals due to untreated wastewater irrigated vegetables in Faisalabad city. Samples of soil, groundwater, wastewater and vegetables were collected from different regions of the city where wastewater irrigation was in practice. The ground water and wastewater samples were analyzed for all the basic physical and chemical parameters and heavy metals like (Nickel, Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Copper and Chromium). Most of the chemical parameters where in access to standard limits of USEPA. It was found that the majority the heavy metal concentrations in soil are deteriorated because of wastewater. Analysis of heavy metals in Vegetables that their concentrations in vegetables were in the order of Zn>Ni>Cr>Cu>Pb>Cd. The concentration of heavy metals like (Zn, Ni, Cr and Cu) in vegetables were above the safe limit. While TF was lower for all metals except Cd. HRI was maximum for Pb and Ni in all vegetables. HQ was maximum for Ni, Pb and Cd. The vegetables tested were not safe for human use, especially those directly consumed by human beings
{"title":"HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS DUE TO UNTREATED WASTEWATER IRRIGATED VEGETABLES","authors":"Ayesha S. Nawaz, Sana Basheer, Awais Masood Ahmed, Haroon Rashid, A. Nasir, Shamim Umer","doi":"10.26480/esp.01.2020.25.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.01.2020.25.33","url":null,"abstract":"The present research study was conducted on Health risk assessment of heavy metals due to untreated wastewater irrigated vegetables in Faisalabad city. Samples of soil, groundwater, wastewater and vegetables were collected from different regions of the city where wastewater irrigation was in practice. The ground water and wastewater samples were analyzed for all the basic physical and chemical parameters and heavy metals like (Nickel, Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Copper and Chromium). Most of the chemical parameters where in access to standard limits of USEPA. It was found that the majority the heavy metal concentrations in soil are deteriorated because of wastewater. Analysis of heavy metals in Vegetables that their concentrations in vegetables were in the order of Zn>Ni>Cr>Cu>Pb>Cd. The concentration of heavy metals like (Zn, Ni, Cr and Cu) in vegetables were above the safe limit. While TF was lower for all metals except Cd. HRI was maximum for Pb and Ni in all vegetables. HQ was maximum for Ni, Pb and Cd. The vegetables tested were not safe for human use, especially those directly consumed by human beings","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141222611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-09DOI: 10.26480/esp.01.2020.10.20
H. Anan
The taxonomical consideration, probable phylogeny and stratigraphic significance of twenty-eight middle Eocene (Bartonian) planktic foraminiferal species from the eastern limb of Jabal Hafit, Al Ain area, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Northern Oman Mountains (NOM) are presented, and twenty one of them are illustrated. Identification of these twenty-eight species belonging to ten genera Globoturborotalia, Subbotina, Globigerinatheka, Inordinatosphaera, Orbulinoides, Hantkenina, Acarinina, Morozovelloides, Pseudohastigerina and Turborotalia has led to the recognition of three biostratigraphic zones, in ascending order: Morozovelloides lehneri PRZ (E11), Orbulinoides beckmanni TRZ (E12) and Morozovelloides crassata HOZ (E13). Eight out of the identified species are recorded, in this study, for the first time from Jabal Hafit: Globoturborotalia martini, Subbotina gortanii, S. jacksonensis, S. senni, Globigerinatheca barri, Acarinina praetopilensis, A. punctocarinata and Morozovelloides bandyi. The second or third record of three species from J. Hafit outside its original records are recently documented by the present author: Inordinatosphaera indica, Hantkenina australis and H. compressa. The paleontology, paleoclimatology and paleogeographic distribution of the identified taxa at Jabal Hafit and other Paleogene outcrops in the UAE and Tethys are presented and discussed. The identified fauna emphasis the wide geographic areas in the Tethys, from Atlantic to Indian-Pacific Oceans via Mediterranean.
{"title":"TAXONOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS, PHYLOGENY, PALEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY OF THE MIDDLE EOCENE (BARTONIAN) PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA FROM JABAL HAFIT, AL AIN AREA, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES","authors":"H. Anan","doi":"10.26480/esp.01.2020.10.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.01.2020.10.20","url":null,"abstract":"The taxonomical consideration, probable phylogeny and stratigraphic significance of twenty-eight middle Eocene (Bartonian) planktic foraminiferal species from the eastern limb of Jabal Hafit, Al Ain area, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Northern Oman Mountains (NOM) are presented, and twenty one of them are illustrated. Identification of these twenty-eight species belonging to ten genera Globoturborotalia, Subbotina, Globigerinatheka, Inordinatosphaera, Orbulinoides, Hantkenina, Acarinina, Morozovelloides, Pseudohastigerina and Turborotalia has led to the recognition of three biostratigraphic zones, in ascending order: Morozovelloides lehneri PRZ (E11), Orbulinoides beckmanni TRZ (E12) and Morozovelloides crassata HOZ (E13). Eight out of the identified species are recorded, in this study, for the first time from Jabal Hafit: Globoturborotalia martini, Subbotina gortanii, S. jacksonensis, S. senni, Globigerinatheca barri, Acarinina praetopilensis, A. punctocarinata and Morozovelloides bandyi. The second or third record of three species from J. Hafit outside its original records are recently documented by the present author: Inordinatosphaera indica, Hantkenina australis and H. compressa. The paleontology, paleoclimatology and paleogeographic distribution of the identified taxa at Jabal Hafit and other Paleogene outcrops in the UAE and Tethys are presented and discussed. The identified fauna emphasis the wide geographic areas in the Tethys, from Atlantic to Indian-Pacific Oceans via Mediterranean.","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49228140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：