Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26480/bdwre.01.2020.01.03
Ayesha S. Nawaz, S. Hussain, M. Waqas, H. Rasheed, Sikandar Ali, M. Iqbal, Z. Yasmeen, M. Waqas
Immense amount of wastewater is used for irrigation of vegetables and crops in order to cope with water scarcity issues in Pakistan. Wastewater is highly contaminated due to the disposal of untreated industrial wastewater into the main drains. Therefore, crops and vegetables have concentrations of heavy metals and other contaminants. The study was conducted at Chokera wastewater treatment plant in district Faisalabad, where wastewater is used for irrigation of vegetables. Samples of wastewater were collected from the drain during different time interval to find out variations in wastewater characteristics. Samples of irrigation wastewater and cultivated vegetables by wastewater were collected and investigated to check the Arsenic concentrations in vegetables. Soil samples and groundwater samples from the nearby vicinity have been taken so as to investigate the impact of wastewater characteristics which is being used for irrigation purposes. Furthermore, health risk assessment due to arsenic was conducted because consumption of wastewater irrigated vegetables. Results of selected vegetables shown that the edible portions of vegetables had average concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr as 30.14, 27.49, 27.67 and 7.56 mg kg-1, respectively. All the water samples were alkaline. The mean concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr in leaves samples were 30.78, 15.58, 12.37 and 3.74 mg kg-1, respectively. Waste water without treatment is not fit for irrigation to the vegetables.
{"title":"HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS DUE TO UNTREATED WASTEWATER IRRIGATED VEGETABLES","authors":"Ayesha S. Nawaz, S. Hussain, M. Waqas, H. Rasheed, Sikandar Ali, M. Iqbal, Z. Yasmeen, M. Waqas","doi":"10.26480/bdwre.01.2020.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/bdwre.01.2020.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Immense amount of wastewater is used for irrigation of vegetables and crops in order to cope with water scarcity issues in Pakistan. Wastewater is highly contaminated due to the disposal of untreated industrial wastewater into the main drains. Therefore, crops and vegetables have concentrations of heavy metals and other contaminants. The study was conducted at Chokera wastewater treatment plant in district Faisalabad, where wastewater is used for irrigation of vegetables. Samples of wastewater were collected from the drain during different time interval to find out variations in wastewater characteristics. Samples of irrigation wastewater and cultivated vegetables by wastewater were collected and investigated to check the Arsenic concentrations in vegetables. Soil samples and groundwater samples from the nearby vicinity have been taken so as to investigate the impact of wastewater characteristics which is being used for irrigation purposes. Furthermore, health risk assessment due to arsenic was conducted because consumption of wastewater irrigated vegetables. Results of selected vegetables shown that the edible portions of vegetables had average concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr as 30.14, 27.49, 27.67 and 7.56 mg kg-1, respectively. All the water samples were alkaline. The mean concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr in leaves samples were 30.78, 15.58, 12.37 and 3.74 mg kg-1, respectively. Waste water without treatment is not fit for irrigation to the vegetables.","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-11DOI: 10.26480/esp.02.2019.18.26
S. Basheer, M. Nazir, H. Rashid, A. Nasir, Engr. Majid Hussain
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT WINDROW COMPOSTING TECHNIQUE FOR FOOD WASTE AND ITS OPTIMIZATION","authors":"S. Basheer, M. Nazir, H. Rashid, A. Nasir, Engr. Majid Hussain","doi":"10.26480/esp.02.2019.18.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.02.2019.18.26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48156731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-11DOI: 10.26480/esp.02.2019.14.17
S. Ullah
{"title":"A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF NATURAL DISASTERS, RECENT TRENDS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS IN PAKISTAN AND BORDERING COUNTRIES: A REVIEW","authors":"S. Ullah","doi":"10.26480/esp.02.2019.14.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.02.2019.14.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45240525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.26480/esp.02.2019.09.13
I. A. Randhawa, U. Ijaz, A. Ijaz, A. Butt, M. Malik
{"title":"EFFICIENT ENERGY SOLUTION FOR WASA FAISALABAD TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT","authors":"I. A. Randhawa, U. Ijaz, A. Ijaz, A. Butt, M. Malik","doi":"10.26480/esp.02.2019.09.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.02.2019.09.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46970813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.26480/esp.02.2019.05.08
Saeed Ullah, Shamim Umer, M. Adnan
In order to maintain an optimal management method of desert rangelands with high heritage value, there is a need of basic knowledge for the flora of the area under study. For this purpose, sampling was carried out from fenced and un-fenced areas in Dera ghazi khan (Pakistan). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of vegetation were performed. Total number of families and their respective species were recorded. Among quantitative parameters relative frequency and importance value were calculated in the area covered with wire net fence and the open area. Data were analysed statistically. Results showed affected plants species richness as well as soil composition. Fencing proved to be a beneficial management to maintain species diversity. The result indicated significant difference in fenced and unfenced areas. Edaphic factors of both study sites also differed significantly. This difference can be attributed to grazing disturbance, and if managed properly, they can prove a valuable source for livestock with sustainable features.
{"title":"STUDY OF FENCED CONSERVATION COMPARED TO LAND EXPOSED TO GRAZING IN DERA GHAZI KHAN (PAKISTAN)","authors":"Saeed Ullah, Shamim Umer, M. Adnan","doi":"10.26480/esp.02.2019.05.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.02.2019.05.08","url":null,"abstract":"In order to maintain an optimal management method of desert rangelands with high heritage value, there is a need of basic knowledge for the flora of the area under study. For this purpose, sampling was carried out from fenced and un-fenced areas in Dera ghazi khan (Pakistan). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of vegetation were performed. Total number of families and their respective species were recorded. Among quantitative parameters relative frequency and importance value were calculated in the area covered with wire net fence and the open area. Data were analysed statistically. Results showed affected plants species richness as well as soil composition. Fencing proved to be a beneficial management to maintain species diversity. The result indicated significant difference in fenced and unfenced areas. Edaphic factors of both study sites also differed significantly. This difference can be attributed to grazing disturbance, and if managed properly, they can prove a valuable source for livestock with sustainable features.","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42099050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.26480/esp.02.2019.01.04
H. Amjad, S. Hamid, Yasir Niaz, M. Ashraf, Umair Yasir, Amna Chaudhary, Ali Arsalan, Mian Waqar Daud
{"title":"EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT: A CASE STUDY OF PATTOKI, DISTRICT KASUR, PAKISTAN","authors":"H. Amjad, S. Hamid, Yasir Niaz, M. Ashraf, Umair Yasir, Amna Chaudhary, Ali Arsalan, Mian Waqar Daud","doi":"10.26480/esp.02.2019.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.02.2019.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69335724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-18DOI: 10.26480/esp.01.2019.29.34
H. Anan
{"title":"CONTRIBUTION TO THE PALEONTOLOGY, STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEO-BIOGEOGRAPHY OF SOME DIAGNOSTIC PAKISTANIAN PALEOGENE FORAMINIFER IN THE MIDDLE EAST","authors":"H. Anan","doi":"10.26480/esp.01.2019.29.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.01.2019.29.34","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44658728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-18DOI: 10.26480/esp.01.2019.23.28
Ahmed Sharjeel, Shafiq Anwar, A. Nasir, H. Rashid
{"title":"DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF OPTIMUM WATER SOFTENER","authors":"Ahmed Sharjeel, Shafiq Anwar, A. Nasir, H. Rashid","doi":"10.26480/esp.01.2019.23.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/esp.01.2019.23.28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43448503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IMPACTS OF ROCK MINERALIZATION AND POOR SANITARY SYSTEM ON BOREHOLE WATERS QUALITY AND THE HEALTH IMPLICATIONS","authors":"Nwonumara Godwin Nkwuda, Mmaduka Amarachi Theophine, Okechukwu Iduma Okogwu","doi":"10.26480/ESP.01.2019.10.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ESP.01.2019.10.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46331929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-18DOI: 10.26480/ESP.01.2019.14.22
M. Ilyas, Muhammad Azhar Ali, Abdul Nasir Awan, S. Haider, Adnan Shahid
ABSTRACT Our environment is comprised of land, air and water, which shows symmetry and balance. Any kind of intervention in the constituents of the environment causes environmental pollution. Noise pollution is the result of one of these effects. It is associated with type/density of noise producing source and its distance. The present study was taken up to investigate the effect of noise pollution on the health of local community. The study was carried out to estimate the increased noise levels at two sites in Faisalabad, namely Canal Park located near the roadside (98 FT) in the form of narrow strip, and the Site-2 Gat Wala Park located (368 ft) away from the main road, and study of its impacts on health of coming visitors. It is concluded from the study that the Visitors were satisfied with the peaceful and calm environment of Site-2 Gat Walla Park while they were unsatisfied with site-1 Canal Park due to its noisy environment. Moreover, the distance of parks from the main road in addition to some other factors like, road and vehicles conditions, density of traffic etc. has adverse impact upon parks environment as well as health of visitors coming in the parks.
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF NOISE LEVELS IN THE ROAD SIDE PARKS AND STUDY OF ITS IMPACTS ON HEALTH OF VISITORS IN FAISALABAD","authors":"M. Ilyas, Muhammad Azhar Ali, Abdul Nasir Awan, S. Haider, Adnan Shahid","doi":"10.26480/ESP.01.2019.14.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ESP.01.2019.14.22","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Our environment is comprised of land, air and water, which shows symmetry and balance. Any kind of intervention in the constituents of the environment causes environmental pollution. Noise pollution is the result of one of these effects. It is associated with type/density of noise producing source and its distance. The present study was taken up to investigate the effect of noise pollution on the health of local community. The study was carried out to estimate the increased noise levels at two sites in Faisalabad, namely Canal Park located near the roadside (98 FT) in the form of narrow strip, and the Site-2 Gat Wala Park located (368 ft) away from the main road, and study of its impacts on health of coming visitors. It is concluded from the study that the Visitors were satisfied with the peaceful and calm environment of Site-2 Gat Walla Park while they were unsatisfied with site-1 Canal Park due to its noisy environment. Moreover, the distance of parks from the main road in addition to some other factors like, road and vehicles conditions, density of traffic etc. has adverse impact upon parks environment as well as health of visitors coming in the parks.","PeriodicalId":32517,"journal":{"name":"Earth Sciences Pakistan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43276106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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