Introduction: Last-minute travelers (LMTs) are a vulnerable group, because it may not be possible to adequately vaccinate them against exposure to infectious diseases. The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to describe the characteristics of LMTs attending a travel health clinic. Methods: The following data was extracted from records of travelers attending the Tropical Medical Bureau (Galway, Ireland) over a 6-year period with less than 2 weeks remaining before their departure: gender, age, occupation, destination(s), purpose of travel, departure date, travel duration, travel group size, accommodation, past medical history, medications, and vaccination history. Results: Of 7555 traveler records, 1296 (17.2%) were of LMTs, of whom 45 (3.5%) were recurrent LMTs. LMTs were equally likely to be male or female. The mean age of this cohort was 32.2 years. The most common travel destination was Asia, and holiday was the most frequent purpose of travel. The mean interval before departure was 7.54 ± 3.65 days, and the mean travel duration was 7.36 ± 2.3 weeks. The majority (n=454, 35.1%) of LMTs traveled in pairs. Approximately 2 in 5 (n=497, 38.4%) travelers reported a past medical history; over half (n=674, 52.0%) had previously received travel vaccinations. The majority (n=1202, 92.8%) of LMTs were unable to complete a scheduled course of pre-travel vaccines. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the characteristics and travel patterns of LMTs. A large proportion of LMTs have pre-existing medical conditions. Further research should focus on the travel health risk-taking behavior of these individuals.
导言:最后一刻的旅行者(lmt)是一个脆弱群体，因为可能无法为他们接种足够的疫苗以防止接触传染病。本回顾性横断面研究的目的是描述参加旅行健康诊所的LMTs的特征。方法:从在爱尔兰高威热带医疗局(Tropical Medical Bureau, Galway, Ireland)就诊的6年内(离出发时间不到2周)旅行者的记录中提取以下数据:性别、年龄、职业、目的地、旅行目的、出发日期、旅行时间、旅行团体规模、住宿、既往病史、药物和疫苗接种史。结果:7555例旅客记录中，有1296例(17.2%)为LMTs，其中45例(3.5%)为复发LMTs。LMTs是男性还是女性的可能性是一样的。该队列的平均年龄为32.2岁。最常见的旅游目的地是亚洲，度假是最常见的旅游目的。出发前平均间隔时间为7.54±3.65天，平均旅行时间为7.36±2.3周。大多数(n=454, 35.1%)的LMTs是成对旅行的。大约五分之二(n=497, 38.4%)的旅行者报告有既往病史;超过一半(n=674, 52.0%)以前接种过旅行疫苗。大多数(n=1202, 92.8%)的lmt不能完成旅行前疫苗的预定疗程。结论:本研究揭示了LMTs的特征和出行模式。很大一部分LMTs都有先前存在的疾病。进一步的研究应侧重于这些人的旅行健康冒险行为。
{"title":"Better Late Than Never - An Analysis of Last-Minute Travelers Attending a Specialist Travel Medicine Clinic in Ireland","authors":"G. Flaherty, Muhammad Haziq Hasnol, L. Sulaiman","doi":"10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Last-minute travelers (LMTs) are a vulnerable group, because it may not be possible to adequately vaccinate them against exposure to infectious diseases. The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to describe the characteristics of LMTs attending a travel health clinic. Methods: The following data was extracted from records of travelers attending the Tropical Medical Bureau (Galway, Ireland) over a 6-year period with less than 2 weeks remaining before their departure: gender, age, occupation, destination(s), purpose of travel, departure date, travel duration, travel group size, accommodation, past medical history, medications, and vaccination history. Results: Of 7555 traveler records, 1296 (17.2%) were of LMTs, of whom 45 (3.5%) were recurrent LMTs. LMTs were equally likely to be male or female. The mean age of this cohort was 32.2 years. The most common travel destination was Asia, and holiday was the most frequent purpose of travel. The mean interval before departure was 7.54 ± 3.65 days, and the mean travel duration was 7.36 ± 2.3 weeks. The majority (n=454, 35.1%) of LMTs traveled in pairs. Approximately 2 in 5 (n=497, 38.4%) travelers reported a past medical history; over half (n=674, 52.0%) had previously received travel vaccinations. The majority (n=1202, 92.8%) of LMTs were unable to complete a scheduled course of pre-travel vaccines. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the characteristics and travel patterns of LMTs. A large proportion of LMTs have pre-existing medical conditions. Further research should focus on the travel health risk-taking behavior of these individuals.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41729447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fight against malaria is currently ongoing in many countries where the disease is still endemic. The overall target is to eliminate malaria in all nations, regardless of their malaria burden, by 2030. Currently, the disease has been eliminated mainly in low-burden and unstable malaria areas globally. However, in high-burden countries, particularly in Africa, the disease is still not eliminated; some countries are even recording increases in incidence. This paper discusses why the disease is currently being eliminated in some countries and not in others using a historical and geo-economic perspective. It identifies gaps in the primary contemporary interventions in high endemic areas, particularly in rural constituencies where incidence of the disease is even higher. The key discussion point is that poor housing and behavioral patterns predispose rural dwellers to more malaria. Other risk factors include agricultural occupations, livestock keeping, and the fact that mosquito vectors in Africa thrive more in rural than urban areas. Combating malaria in rural African areas, therefore, requires radical transformative action to address the unique situations that currently enable the persistence of malaria beyond the contemporary, mainly indoor, and health facility-based interventions. Improving housing structures in rural Africa, which are mainly mud and thatched huts, to at least insect-proof standards is the recommended transformative action. Moreover, behavioral patterns, such as cooking outdoors in the evenings, must be modified to cooking in improvised insect-proof kitchens.
{"title":"Influence of History, Geography, and Economics on the Elimination of Malaria: A Perspective on Disease Persistence in Rural Areas of Zambia","authors":"Mukumbuta Nawa","doi":"10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.24","url":null,"abstract":"The fight against malaria is currently ongoing in many countries where the disease is still endemic. The overall target is to eliminate malaria in all nations, regardless of their malaria burden, by 2030. Currently, the disease has been eliminated mainly in low-burden and unstable malaria areas globally. However, in high-burden countries, particularly in Africa, the disease is still not eliminated; some countries are even recording increases in incidence. This paper discusses why the disease is currently being eliminated in some countries and not in others using a historical and geo-economic perspective. It identifies gaps in the primary contemporary interventions in high endemic areas, particularly in rural constituencies where incidence of the disease is even higher. The key discussion point is that poor housing and behavioral patterns predispose rural dwellers to more malaria. Other risk factors include agricultural occupations, livestock keeping, and the fact that mosquito vectors in Africa thrive more in rural than urban areas. Combating malaria in rural African areas, therefore, requires radical transformative action to address the unique situations that currently enable the persistence of malaria beyond the contemporary, mainly indoor, and health facility-based interventions. Improving housing structures in rural Africa, which are mainly mud and thatched huts, to at least insect-proof standards is the recommended transformative action. Moreover, behavioral patterns, such as cooking outdoors in the evenings, must be modified to cooking in improvised insect-proof kitchens.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"113-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41547004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease considered to be the most common entity of a rare group of disorders known as auto-inflammatory syndromes which have acute presentations in emergency settings. Methods: A search of Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and PubMed databases for articles published before January 2019 was performed using relevant keywords. Full-text English articles, including review articles, case series, and experimental studies, were evaluated. Unrelated studies were excluded. Based on the selected keywords, 440 studies were selected for review. Ultimately, 60 met the study criteria for final assessment. Results: Given the various symptoms and the multiplicity of differential diagnoses, physicians may easily miss diagnosing FMF. Accordingly, emergency medical staff must be trained in order to significantly reduce the number of medical errors and economic costs and to improve the quality of life of involved patients. Conclusion: Although FMF is already known to be an inflammatory entity, more study and investigation of it is required. There is an educational gap in both medical and general populations that should be filled by using new genetic testing and providing appropriate social and medical education.
引言：家族性地中海热（FMF）是一种常染色体隐性疾病，被认为是一组罕见疾病中最常见的一种，称为自身炎症综合征，在紧急情况下有急性表现。方法：使用相关关键词在Web of Science、Google Scholar、Cochrane和PubMed数据库中搜索2019年1月之前发表的文章。对全文英文文章，包括综述文章、案例系列和实验研究进行了评估。不相关的研究被排除在外。根据选定的关键词，选择440项研究进行审查。最终，60人符合最终评估的研究标准。结果：考虑到各种症状和多种鉴别诊断，医生可能很容易错过对FMF的诊断。因此，必须对急救医务人员进行培训，以显著减少医疗失误和经济成本，并提高相关患者的生活质量。结论：虽然FMF是一种炎症性实体，但还需要更多的研究和调查。医学和普通人群都存在教育差距，应该通过使用新的基因检测和提供适当的社会和医学教育来填补这一差距。
{"title":"Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF): Mysterious Presentations and Challenging Points From Diagnosis to Management in Acute Care Settings; A Literature Review","authors":"S. Heydari, Hosein Namdar, M. Behzadnia","doi":"10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.25","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease considered to be the most common entity of a rare group of disorders known as auto-inflammatory syndromes which have acute presentations in emergency settings. Methods: A search of Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and PubMed databases for articles published before January 2019 was performed using relevant keywords. Full-text English articles, including review articles, case series, and experimental studies, were evaluated. Unrelated studies were excluded. Based on the selected keywords, 440 studies were selected for review. Ultimately, 60 met the study criteria for final assessment. Results: Given the various symptoms and the multiplicity of differential diagnoses, physicians may easily miss diagnosing FMF. Accordingly, emergency medical staff must be trained in order to significantly reduce the number of medical errors and economic costs and to improve the quality of life of involved patients. Conclusion: Although FMF is already known to be an inflammatory entity, more study and investigation of it is required. There is an educational gap in both medical and general populations that should be filled by using new genetic testing and providing appropriate social and medical education.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"118-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44003325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recent case of a 41-year-old British tourist, whose breast cancer was first suggested by a visit to a popular tourist attraction in Scotland, prompted us to consider how travel may serendipitously yield unforeseen diagnoses. The woman and her family were entertained in the thermal imaging camera room of the Camera Obscura and World of Illusions exhibit in Edinburgh when she noticed that her left breast had a different colour to her right breast.1 She recorded an image of the heat patch on her phone which she subsequently discussed with her doctor. A diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer was made and the patient was successfully treated with mastectomy without the need for chemo-radiotherapy.1 The manager of the facility was previously unaware of the potential for their thermal camera to detect occult cancers. Thermal imaging is used at some international airports for the mass screening of passengers entering a jurisdiction, in order to detect the presence of fever, which appears as an area of intense thermal activity on the heat map. While this technology was used with some success during the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak, it has been criticised in a recent review, which questioned its effectiveness in the surveillance of groups of passengers in transit.2 To the best of our knowledge, no case of breast cancer has been reported in the context of airport thermal scanning...(Read more...)
最近，一名41岁的英国游客在参观苏格兰一个受欢迎的旅游景点时首次被提示患有癌症，这促使我们考虑旅行如何意外地产生意想不到的诊断。这名妇女和她的家人在爱丁堡的camera Obscura and World of Illusions展览的热成像摄像室里娱乐，她注意到自己的左乳房与右乳房颜色不同。1她在手机上记录了一张热敷片的图像，随后与医生讨论了这张图像。诊断为早期乳腺癌症，患者成功地接受了乳房切除术治疗，而无需化疗。1该机构的经理之前不知道他们的热摄像机检测隐性癌症的潜力。一些国际机场使用热成像对进入管辖区的乘客进行大规模筛查，以检测发烧的存在，发烧在热图上显示为强烈热活动的区域。虽然这项技术在2002-2003年SARS爆发期间取得了一些成功，但在最近的一次审查中，它受到了批评，该审查质疑其在监测运输途中乘客群体方面的有效性。2据我们所知，在机场热扫描的背景下，尚未报告任何乳腺癌癌症病例。。。（阅读更多…）
{"title":"Serendipitous Detection of Asymptomatic Lesions in International Travellers","authors":"William Oh, G. Flaherty","doi":"10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.30","url":null,"abstract":"The recent case of a 41-year-old British tourist, whose breast cancer was first suggested by a visit to a popular tourist attraction in Scotland, prompted us to consider how travel may serendipitously yield unforeseen diagnoses. The woman and her family were entertained in the thermal imaging camera room of the Camera Obscura and World of Illusions exhibit in Edinburgh when she noticed that her left breast had a different colour to her right breast.1 She recorded an image of the heat patch on her phone which she subsequently discussed with her doctor. A diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer was made and the patient was successfully treated with mastectomy without the need for chemo-radiotherapy.1 The manager of the facility was previously unaware of the potential for their thermal camera to detect occult cancers. Thermal imaging is used at some international airports for the mass screening of passengers entering a jurisdiction, in order to detect the presence of fever, which appears as an area of intense thermal activity on the heat map. While this technology was used with some success during the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak, it has been criticised in a recent review, which questioned its effectiveness in the surveillance of groups of passengers in transit.2 To the best of our knowledge, no case of breast cancer has been reported in the context of airport thermal scanning...(Read more...)","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"147-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42398166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masoud Khodaveisi, Shahla Fakhreazizi, N. Mohammadi, Leili Tapak
Introduction: Adherence to treatment is essential in heart disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional awareness of hypertensive patients and their dietary intake in heart disease. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study that was performed on hypertensive patients referred to Farshchian Cardiovascular Clinic in Iran, using the available random sampling method. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire and three questionnaires of nutritional awareness, illness perception, and dietary follow-up of patients with hypertension. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistics. Results: The mean score of knowledge was 4.73±1.55. Fifty-eight percent of patients were unaware of high-fat diet, 56% of them did not eat red meat and 63% of them did not eat sweets. The mean score of perception was 29.58±3.94 of which 38% of the patients were uncontrollable and 43% strongly opposed their illnesses which could lead to premature death and 56% were against dietary restriction. Conclusion: There is a need for interventions to improve the knowledge and attitude of patients with heart disease.
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Adherence to Treatment in Patients With Heart Disease in Iran","authors":"Masoud Khodaveisi, Shahla Fakhreazizi, N. Mohammadi, Leili Tapak","doi":"10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.29","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adherence to treatment is essential in heart disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional awareness of hypertensive patients and their dietary intake in heart disease. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study that was performed on hypertensive patients referred to Farshchian Cardiovascular Clinic in Iran, using the available random sampling method. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire and three questionnaires of nutritional awareness, illness perception, and dietary follow-up of patients with hypertension. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistics. Results: The mean score of knowledge was 4.73±1.55. Fifty-eight percent of patients were unaware of high-fat diet, 56% of them did not eat red meat and 63% of them did not eat sweets. The mean score of perception was 29.58±3.94 of which 38% of the patients were uncontrollable and 43% strongly opposed their illnesses which could lead to premature death and 56% were against dietary restriction. Conclusion: There is a need for interventions to improve the knowledge and attitude of patients with heart disease.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"142-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42740653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity is one of the most critical issues of urban health. The current study investigated the effects of community-based interventions on modification of overweight and obesity. Methods: A program based on the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) was developed and implemented in 2013-2014. A total of 166 Iranian females aged 15 years or older who were classified as overweight or obese using body mass index (BMI) were randomly selected and gave verbal consent to participate in this study. The intervention was carried out for a duration of 4 months. Results: The mean age of subjects was 43.6±12.2 years. The total number of overweight and obese individuals were 75 (45.2%) and 91 (54.8%), respectively. The mean BMI of the patients before and after the intervention was 30.3±2.7 and 29.4±2.7 kg/m2 , respectively (P < 0.05). Higher education level and greater floor area were recognized as valid predictors for reduced BMI after the intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study successfully represents the collaborative role of the community in improving health status by reducing overweight and obesity. The Urban HEART provided distinct opportunities for presenting the promising results of interventions to health policymakers and managers so they can adjust macro and micro policies for achieving better community health outcomes.
{"title":"Effects of Community-Based Interventions in Reducing the Obesity and Overweight Rate Among Iranian Women: Using Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool","authors":"Farzaneh Rassam, L. Khedmat, F. Khatami","doi":"10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity is one of the most critical issues of urban health. The current study investigated the effects of community-based interventions on modification of overweight and obesity. Methods: A program based on the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) was developed and implemented in 2013-2014. A total of 166 Iranian females aged 15 years or older who were classified as overweight or obese using body mass index (BMI) were randomly selected and gave verbal consent to participate in this study. The intervention was carried out for a duration of 4 months. Results: The mean age of subjects was 43.6±12.2 years. The total number of overweight and obese individuals were 75 (45.2%) and 91 (54.8%), respectively. The mean BMI of the patients before and after the intervention was 30.3±2.7 and 29.4±2.7 kg/m2 , respectively (P < 0.05). Higher education level and greater floor area were recognized as valid predictors for reduced BMI after the intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study successfully represents the collaborative role of the community in improving health status by reducing overweight and obesity. The Urban HEART provided distinct opportunities for presenting the promising results of interventions to health policymakers and managers so they can adjust macro and micro policies for achieving better community health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46450361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: One major problem in analyzing epidemic data is the lack of data and high dependency among the available data, which is due to the fact that the epidemic process is not directly observable. Methods: One method for epidemic data analysis to estimate the desired epidemic parameters, such as disease transmission rate and recovery rate, is data intensification. In this method, unknown quantities are considered as additional parameters of the model and are extracted using other parameters. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm is extensively used in this field. Results: The current study presents a Bayesian statistical analysis of influenza outbreak data using Markov Chain Monte Carlo data intensification that is independent of probability approximation and provides a wider range of results than previous studies. A method for estimating the epidemic parameters has been presented in a way that the problem of uncertainty regarding the modeling of dynamic biological systems can be solved. The proposed method is then applied to fit an SIR-like flu transmission model to data from 19 years leading up to the seventh week of the 2017 incidence of influenza. Conclusion: The proposed method showed an improvement in estimating the values of all the parameters considered in the study. The results of this study showed that the distributions are significant and the error ranges are real.
{"title":"A Disease Outbreak Prediction Model Using Bayesian Inference: A Case of Influenza","authors":"Atefeh Sadat Mirarabshahi, M. Kargari","doi":"10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One major problem in analyzing epidemic data is the lack of data and high dependency among the available data, which is due to the fact that the epidemic process is not directly observable. Methods: One method for epidemic data analysis to estimate the desired epidemic parameters, such as disease transmission rate and recovery rate, is data intensification. In this method, unknown quantities are considered as additional parameters of the model and are extracted using other parameters. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm is extensively used in this field. Results: The current study presents a Bayesian statistical analysis of influenza outbreak data using Markov Chain Monte Carlo data intensification that is independent of probability approximation and provides a wider range of results than previous studies. A method for estimating the epidemic parameters has been presented in a way that the problem of uncertainty regarding the modeling of dynamic biological systems can be solved. The proposed method is then applied to fit an SIR-like flu transmission model to data from 19 years leading up to the seventh week of the 2017 incidence of influenza. Conclusion: The proposed method showed an improvement in estimating the values of all the parameters considered in the study. The results of this study showed that the distributions are significant and the error ranges are real.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44776046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among international travellers. Practitioner knowledge of the effects of CVD on international travel is imperative in order to promote a healthy travel experience. This review aimed to explore the available literature on this topic. The PubMed database was accessed to source relevant literature using combinations of relevant keywords as search terms. Articles were restricted to those published in the English language through March 2019. Of 1726 article records retrieved, 73 relevant papers were examined carefully. The results of this narrative review are related to multiple aspects of CVD and travel. The pre-travel consultation should address issues regarding vaccinations, travel insurance, anticoagulation, and medical devices. Additional vaccines to be discussed include influenza, pneumococcal, and hepatitis B. Patients with CVD should be advised of the need to carry a copy of their ECG, prescription(s), and pacemaker manufacturer’s card. Knowledge of the location overseas of automated external defibrillators and awareness of health risks associated with strenuous adventure activities are important for CVD travellers. Medical tourism for patients with CVD is briefly considered. Space tourism is an emerging category of extreme international travel that requires specialized pre-travel preparation. This narrative review article highlights the gaps in the travel medicine literature in relation to CVD. A strong evidence base for most recommendations is lacking. Future scholarly efforts are warranted to facilitate more robust travel recommendations for CVD patients. No qualitative studies to date have described the experiences of international travellers with CVD.
{"title":"Pre-travel Health Advice for Patients With Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"C. H. Liew, G. Flaherty","doi":"10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.18","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among international travellers. Practitioner knowledge of the effects of CVD on international travel is imperative in order to promote a healthy travel experience. This review aimed to explore the available literature on this topic. The PubMed database was accessed to source relevant literature using combinations of relevant keywords as search terms. Articles were restricted to those published in the English language through March 2019. Of 1726 article records retrieved, 73 relevant papers were examined carefully. The results of this narrative review are related to multiple aspects of CVD and travel. The pre-travel consultation should address issues regarding vaccinations, travel insurance, anticoagulation, and medical devices. Additional vaccines to be discussed include influenza, pneumococcal, and hepatitis B. Patients with CVD should be advised of the need to carry a copy of their ECG, prescription(s), and pacemaker manufacturer’s card. Knowledge of the location overseas of automated external defibrillators and awareness of health risks associated with strenuous adventure activities are important for CVD travellers. Medical tourism for patients with CVD is briefly considered. Space tourism is an emerging category of extreme international travel that requires specialized pre-travel preparation. This narrative review article highlights the gaps in the travel medicine literature in relation to CVD. A strong evidence base for most recommendations is lacking. Future scholarly efforts are warranted to facilitate more robust travel recommendations for CVD patients. No qualitative studies to date have described the experiences of international travellers with CVD.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47586099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nerlich, T. Herbst, A. Ernstberger, Markus Blaetzinger
Today telemedicine, or eHealth, is an important tool in everyday medical life. In all areas, from the preclinical to aftercare, significant improvements in communication structures have been seen in various eHealth options, which have had significant, positive effects on the quality of patient care in orthopedics and trauma surgery. Initially, there were several isolated solutions and many small individual projects; however, there was a lack of interdisciplinary and comprehensive systems in all healthcare fields. The German Trauma Society (DGU) together with the AUC GmbH took the lead and paved the way for a modulated, comprehensive, interface-compatible teleradiology system. Nevertheless, there are still deficits across all sectors which, in the future, will need to be optimized by eHealth methods and systems. Overall, there is an effort towards patient-centered solutions (patient empowerment). In Germany, telemedicine has gradually gained acceptance in various sectors and is being used nationwide. Telemedicine has proven itself, especially in trauma networks.
{"title":"Opportunities of Telemedicine for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery","authors":"M. Nerlich, T. Herbst, A. Ernstberger, Markus Blaetzinger","doi":"10.15171/IJTMGH.2019.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/IJTMGH.2019.17","url":null,"abstract":"Today telemedicine, or eHealth, is an important tool in everyday medical life. In all areas, from the preclinical to aftercare, significant improvements in communication structures have been seen in various eHealth options, which have had significant, positive effects on the quality of patient care in orthopedics and trauma surgery. Initially, there were several isolated solutions and many small individual projects; however, there was a lack of interdisciplinary and comprehensive systems in all healthcare fields. The German Trauma Society (DGU) together with the AUC GmbH took the lead and paved the way for a modulated, comprehensive, interface-compatible teleradiology system. Nevertheless, there are still deficits across all sectors which, in the future, will need to be optimized by eHealth methods and systems. Overall, there is an effort towards patient-centered solutions (patient empowerment). In Germany, telemedicine has gradually gained acceptance in various sectors and is being used nationwide. Telemedicine has proven itself, especially in trauma networks.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43077215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While infectious disease garners much attention and research funding globally, initiatives aimed at treating traumatic orthopedic injuries are underfunded despite such injuries accounting for a significant degree of morbidity worldwide. In recent years, a number of organizations have sought to alleviate this burden through treatment and educational initiatives in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Additionally, emerging developments in orthopedic technology are allowing for more expansive treatment options in resourcepoor environments. Distribution of both used and surplus orthopedic implants and components in LMICs and programs intended to encourage resident involvement with overseas volunteerism have proved beneficial in reducing the global burden of orthopedic disease. The goal of this manuscript is to educate readers about current initiatives in orthopedic volunteerism.
{"title":"Initiatives in Medical Volunteerism Aimed at Reducing the Burden of Orthopedic Disease in Low- and MiddleIncome Countries","authors":"A. Anastasio","doi":"10.15171/IJTMGH.2019.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/IJTMGH.2019.10","url":null,"abstract":"While infectious disease garners much attention and research funding globally, initiatives aimed at treating traumatic orthopedic injuries are underfunded despite such injuries accounting for a significant degree of morbidity worldwide. In recent years, a number of organizations have sought to alleviate this burden through treatment and educational initiatives in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Additionally, emerging developments in orthopedic technology are allowing for more expansive treatment options in resourcepoor environments. Distribution of both used and surplus orthopedic implants and components in LMICs and programs intended to encourage resident involvement with overseas volunteerism have proved beneficial in reducing the global burden of orthopedic disease. The goal of this manuscript is to educate readers about current initiatives in orthopedic volunteerism.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47417339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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