According to the several scientific resources, Iran is considered to be among the melioidosis-endemic regions of the world; this is in stark contrast to the domestic stance in Iran, where the risk of melioidosis is speculated only as an emerging infectious disease in a non-endemic area. Recently, we have had devastating flash floods in the most provinces of Iran; the changing of soil structure may facilitate the cultivation of bacteria in the upper layers of the ground, consequently causes exposure and re-emergence of the disease. Considering previous isolation and identification of Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia Pseudomallei, and Burkholderia cepacia complex from human, animal, and environment samples in Iran, it is urgently necessary to upgrade and equip infrastructures to identify and distinguish between pathogenic Burkholderia and commensals in the context of the One Health surveillance system. In the present perspective, the history of melioidosis in the country is presented to attract attention to the negligence of disease over the last four decades.
{"title":"Is Melioidosis a One Health-Neglected Disease in Iran?","authors":"Z. Baradaran-Seyed","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.16","url":null,"abstract":"According to the several scientific resources, Iran is considered to be among the melioidosis-endemic regions of the world; this is in stark contrast to the domestic stance in Iran, where the risk of melioidosis is speculated only as an emerging infectious disease in a non-endemic area. Recently, we have had devastating flash floods in the most provinces of Iran; the changing of soil structure may facilitate the cultivation of bacteria in the upper layers of the ground, consequently causes exposure and re-emergence of the disease. Considering previous isolation and identification of Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia Pseudomallei, and Burkholderia cepacia complex from human, animal, and environment samples in Iran, it is urgently necessary to upgrade and equip infrastructures to identify and distinguish between pathogenic Burkholderia and commensals in the context of the One Health surveillance system. In the present perspective, the history of melioidosis in the country is presented to attract attention to the negligence of disease over the last four decades.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"93-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44297232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. S. Olagunju, I. Oladapo, S. O. Kosemani, F. Olorunfemi, Adesewa Sukurat Adeyemo
With the occurrence of a mysterious pneumonia in the Hubei province (Wuhan) of China in December 2019, a different coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has commanded global awareness and has been named by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health emergency of international concern. Two other coronavirus infections (SARS and MERS) were also characterized by severe respiratory distress in 2002-2003. In addition to the new coronavirus, the emerging infectious diseases resulting in universal spread are caused by the β-coronavirus strains. Even though coronaviruses typically target the upper and/or lower respiratory tract, viral shedding into the plasma or serum is frequent, and the human coronavirus (CoV) represents 15%–30% of respiratory syndromes, including common colds. Based on a recent hypothesis, SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to induce lung injury by inhibiting the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) and could possibly attack organs with high expression. With the lack of a vaccine or major treatment for the disease, palliative care is provided for individuals already infected with the virus. The aim of this review is to discuss the influence and relationship of the coronavirus, particularly SARS-CoV-2, on the respiratory system with a proposed mechanism of action in lung injury and pathogenesis.
{"title":"Pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Respiratory Infection","authors":"A. S. Olagunju, I. Oladapo, S. O. Kosemani, F. Olorunfemi, Adesewa Sukurat Adeyemo","doi":"10.34172/IJTMGH.2020.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/IJTMGH.2020.24","url":null,"abstract":"With the occurrence of a mysterious pneumonia in the Hubei province (Wuhan) of China in December 2019, a different coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has commanded global awareness and has been named by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health emergency of international concern. Two other coronavirus infections (SARS and MERS) were also characterized by severe respiratory distress in 2002-2003. In addition to the new coronavirus, the emerging infectious diseases resulting in universal spread are caused by the β-coronavirus strains. Even though coronaviruses typically target the upper and/or lower respiratory tract, viral shedding into the plasma or serum is frequent, and the human coronavirus (CoV) represents 15%–30% of respiratory syndromes, including common colds. Based on a recent hypothesis, SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to induce lung injury by inhibiting the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) and could possibly attack organs with high expression. With the lack of a vaccine or major treatment for the disease, palliative care is provided for individuals already infected with the virus. The aim of this review is to discuss the influence and relationship of the coronavirus, particularly SARS-CoV-2, on the respiratory system with a proposed mechanism of action in lung injury and pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"137-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43817731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Saadat, M. Izadi, N. J. Jafari, H. Abolghasemi, Saeedreza Jamalimoghadamsiyahkali, A. Jamalian, S. Fathi, B. Einollahi, A. Ghazale, Ramezan Jafari, M. Mesri, M. Ebrahimi, M. Asadi, A. Ghadian, Z. Rostami, E. Nemati, H. Nikoueinejad, Bentolhoda Beyram, Seyed Mohammad Hossein Tabatabaei, S. Imanizadeh, Milad Nafari, M. Javanbakht
media war in which “fear” is highlighted rather than discussions about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite all the current data, little is known about the real figures of COVID-19, and ignorance breeds fear all over the world, particularly in Iran. While media images are rapidly circulating and COVID-19 has become propaganda in many regions due to coronavirus rumors, one fear is in the public mind about mortality rates reported elsewhere.1,2 In the face of emergencies, a more interdisciplinary and cross-sectorial approach is of great importance for curtailing COVID-19 outbreak, which would, in turn, lead to a minimization of the damage. Transparency in reports and actions is also very important.3 The concept of health communication is of great importance. Now, in addition to trying to send scientific exchanges by traditional venues (e.g., journals and conferences), it must be explained to the public what really happened or is happening in public language (jargon and insider language) instead of scientific terminology, providing opportunities for engaging public audiences without customization. In other words, it is important to get a real perspective of the disease, such as initial estimates of epidemiological parameters, risk of acquiring infection, human-to-human transmission, and epidemic forecasts by considering what the public is hearing and practicing health communication. To a non-specialist, most specific terms in scientific language are not clear. Therefore, mass media can be targeted by representatives using a science communication approach and problem-based learning sessions, where a synergistic collaboration of multiple disciplines can be considered under the terms of One Health by human and animal health agencies, national organizations’ downstream sectors, and scientific societies to underpin public health awareness based on reliable information. Efforts at communicating information about infectious diseases should consider media outreach and community meetings. Moreover, an increased shift in special media sources in many parts of the world, including Internet use (e.g., websites), social media (e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, etc.), and Internet contacts can be of great importance for community engagement strategies based on infectious disease communication; other sources of health information, such as text alerts, artistic brochure design, and apps, are also easy strategies in this regard. Of course, the credibility of a source http://ijtmgh.com Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2020 Aug;8(3):91-92 doi 10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.15 TMGH IInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health J
强调“恐惧”的媒体战争，而不是关于2019冠状病毒病（新冠肺炎）的讨论。尽管有目前的所有数据，但人们对新冠肺炎的真实数字知之甚少，无知在世界各地滋生恐惧，尤其是在伊朗。尽管媒体图片正在迅速传播，而且由于冠状病毒谣言，新冠肺炎已成为许多地区的宣传品，但公众对其他地方报道的死亡率感到担忧。1，2面对紧急情况，采取更跨学科和跨部门的方法对于遏制新冠肺炎疫情至关重要，而这反过来又会将损害降至最低。报告和行动的透明度也非常重要。3健康沟通的概念非常重要。现在，除了尝试通过传统的场所（如期刊和会议）进行科学交流外，还必须用公共语言（行话和内部语言）而不是科学术语向公众解释真正发生或正在发生的事情，为无需定制就吸引公众提供机会。换言之，重要的是要通过考虑公众所听到的和实践的健康传播，对疾病有一个真实的了解，例如对流行病学参数、感染风险、人传人和流行病预测的初步估计。对于非专业人士来说，科学语言中的大多数具体术语都不清楚。因此，代表们可以使用科学传播方法和基于问题的学习课程来瞄准大众媒体，在这些课程中，人类和动物卫生机构、国家组织的下游部门、，以及科学社会，以可靠的信息为基础加强公众健康意识。传播传染病信息的工作应考虑媒体外联和社区会议。此外，世界许多地区特殊媒体来源的日益转变，包括互联网使用（如网站）、社交媒体（如脸书、领英、Instagram等）和互联网联系人，对基于传染病传播的社区参与战略可能具有重要意义；其他健康信息来源，如文本提醒、艺术宣传册设计和应用程序，也是这方面的简单策略。当然，来源的可信度http://ijtmgh.comInt J Travel Med Glob Health。2020年8月；8（3）：91-92 doi 10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.15 TMGH IIInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health J
{"title":"Fear and Panic of COVID-19","authors":"S. Saadat, M. Izadi, N. J. Jafari, H. Abolghasemi, Saeedreza Jamalimoghadamsiyahkali, A. Jamalian, S. Fathi, B. Einollahi, A. Ghazale, Ramezan Jafari, M. Mesri, M. Ebrahimi, M. Asadi, A. Ghadian, Z. Rostami, E. Nemati, H. Nikoueinejad, Bentolhoda Beyram, Seyed Mohammad Hossein Tabatabaei, S. Imanizadeh, Milad Nafari, M. Javanbakht","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.15","url":null,"abstract":"media war in which “fear” is highlighted rather than discussions about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite all the current data, little is known about the real figures of COVID-19, and ignorance breeds fear all over the world, particularly in Iran. While media images are rapidly circulating and COVID-19 has become propaganda in many regions due to coronavirus rumors, one fear is in the public mind about mortality rates reported elsewhere.1,2 In the face of emergencies, a more interdisciplinary and cross-sectorial approach is of great importance for curtailing COVID-19 outbreak, which would, in turn, lead to a minimization of the damage. Transparency in reports and actions is also very important.3 The concept of health communication is of great importance. Now, in addition to trying to send scientific exchanges by traditional venues (e.g., journals and conferences), it must be explained to the public what really happened or is happening in public language (jargon and insider language) instead of scientific terminology, providing opportunities for engaging public audiences without customization. In other words, it is important to get a real perspective of the disease, such as initial estimates of epidemiological parameters, risk of acquiring infection, human-to-human transmission, and epidemic forecasts by considering what the public is hearing and practicing health communication. To a non-specialist, most specific terms in scientific language are not clear. Therefore, mass media can be targeted by representatives using a science communication approach and problem-based learning sessions, where a synergistic collaboration of multiple disciplines can be considered under the terms of One Health by human and animal health agencies, national organizations’ downstream sectors, and scientific societies to underpin public health awareness based on reliable information. Efforts at communicating information about infectious diseases should consider media outreach and community meetings. Moreover, an increased shift in special media sources in many parts of the world, including Internet use (e.g., websites), social media (e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, etc.), and Internet contacts can be of great importance for community engagement strategies based on infectious disease communication; other sources of health information, such as text alerts, artistic brochure design, and apps, are also easy strategies in this regard. Of course, the credibility of a source http://ijtmgh.com Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2020 Aug;8(3):91-92 doi 10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.15 TMGH IInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health J","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"91-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42064500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: In the globalizing world; the concept of medical tourism comes to the fore with the increase in travel freedoms between countries, easier transportation facilities, and the increased quality of healthcare services in different countries. This study aims to examine the barriers to developing medical tourism and prioritize the factors to give an insight on where to allocate resources in the scope of a conceptual framework on medical tourism. Methods: Barriers to medical tourism in Turkey were identified based on the literature and experts’ opinions. As a result of the expert opinions, 23 factors were identified and grouped under five main categories. The analytical hierarchy process method was used to prioritize the factors. A pair-wise comparison form was prepared by the researcher and sent to experts. The data obtained from these forms was analyzed and weights were calculated. Results: The factors were ranked from most important to least important as follows: negative corporate image (w=0.319), quality of healthcare (w=0.198), incompatible regulations/law (w=0.177), human resources (w=0.163), and underdeveloped infrastructure (w=0.142). Conclusion: It was determined that the development of medical tourism is not sufficient, despite the great potential of Turkey in terms of technological healthcare services and attractiveness of tourism destinations. Major attempts should be made in marketing to attract medical tourists.
{"title":"Using AHP to Prioritize Barriers in Developing Medical Tourism: Case of Turkey","authors":"Doğancan Çavmak, Şeyda Çavmak","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the globalizing world; the concept of medical tourism comes to the fore with the increase in travel freedoms between countries, easier transportation facilities, and the increased quality of healthcare services in different countries. This study aims to examine the barriers to developing medical tourism and prioritize the factors to give an insight on where to allocate resources in the scope of a conceptual framework on medical tourism. Methods: Barriers to medical tourism in Turkey were identified based on the literature and experts’ opinions. As a result of the expert opinions, 23 factors were identified and grouped under five main categories. The analytical hierarchy process method was used to prioritize the factors. A pair-wise comparison form was prepared by the researcher and sent to experts. The data obtained from these forms was analyzed and weights were calculated. Results: The factors were ranked from most important to least important as follows: negative corporate image (w=0.319), quality of healthcare (w=0.198), incompatible regulations/law (w=0.177), human resources (w=0.163), and underdeveloped infrastructure (w=0.142). Conclusion: It was determined that the development of medical tourism is not sufficient, despite the great potential of Turkey in terms of technological healthcare services and attractiveness of tourism destinations. Major attempts should be made in marketing to attract medical tourists.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44925836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Although many factors can affect the choice of destination in medical tourism, some factors are indispensable to medical tourists and medical tourism. The aim of this study was to analyze important factors affecting the selection of a destination by potential medical tourists. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted in Turkey, included a population of 1700 people and a sample size of 317 people selected through purposive sampling. Values were evaluated with a 95% confidence interval and 0.05 standard error. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The medical tourism scale and a demographic information form were used in data collection. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and path analysis were used as statistical methods. Analyses were made using IBM SPSS-AMOS 25.0. Results: In this study, 56.5% of the participants were male and 43.5% were female. The factors affecting the selection of medical tourism destinations were determined to be, in order of importance, accessibility of health care service (X̄ = 4.68 ± 1.073), level of security and safety (X̄ = 4:57 ± 1.122), quality of health care service (X̄ = 4:39 ± 1.129), level of hygiene (X̄ = 4.16 ± 1.381), potential of savings-low cost (X̄ = 4.07 ± 1.447), and tourism opportunities (X̄ = 4.02 ± 1.540). Conclusion: It is thought that the current study will make a serious contribution to the field of medical tourism both in practice and in theory.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Destination Choice in Medical Tourism","authors":"Haşim Çapar, Ö. Aslan","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.13","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction: Although many factors can affect the choice of destination in medical tourism, some factors are indispensable to medical tourists and medical tourism. The aim of this study was to analyze important factors affecting the selection of a destination by potential medical tourists. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted in Turkey, included a population of 1700 people and a sample size of 317 people selected through purposive sampling. Values were evaluated with a 95% confidence interval and 0.05 standard error. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The medical tourism scale and a demographic information form were used in data collection. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and path analysis were used as statistical methods. Analyses were made using IBM SPSS-AMOS 25.0. Results: In this study, 56.5% of the participants were male and 43.5% were female. The factors affecting the selection of medical tourism destinations were determined to be, in order of importance, accessibility of health care service (X̄ = 4.68 ± 1.073), level of security and safety (X̄ = 4:57 ± 1.122), quality of health care service (X̄ = 4:39 ± 1.129), level of hygiene (X̄ = 4.16 ± 1.381), potential of savings-low cost (X̄ = 4.07 ± 1.447), and tourism opportunities (X̄ = 4.02 ± 1.540). Conclusion: It is thought that the current study will make a serious contribution to the field of medical tourism both in practice and in theory.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41596117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Olufadewa, M. Adesina, B. Oladokun, A. Baru, R. Oladele, T. Iyanda, Oluwatosin Joseph Ajibade, Funmilayo Abudu
Introduction: Although several coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) studies have focused on the biomedical and epidemiological manifestations of the COVID-19 virus, there is a dearth of studies that have reported the experiences of COVID-19 survivors. This study investigated the physiological and psychological experiences of COVID-19 survivors and the quality of care that they received during their recovery processes. Methods: A phenomenological approach and a purposive sampling technique were employed to select eligible participants whose reported interviews/videos were published on reputable online media channels. The selection processes involved three researchers who had independently searched and assessed the interviews and their sources; for veracity, availability of vital information to meet the study objectives, and to ensure it followed the inclusion criteria. Video interviews were transcribed and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Thirty-nine participants (COVID-19 survivors) within the age range of 20-95 from over 15 countries and 5 continents were included in this study. Clinical symptoms commonly reported included feeling feverish, severe, persistent and dry cough, difficulty in breathing, cold, body pains, and aches. Many participants had negative mental health experiences such as being scared, anxious, guilty feelings, and worrying about their recovery. Few participants had positive mental health experiences such as the feeling of encouragement from family and trusted friends. Many participants were satisfied with the quality of care at health centers, though some experienced early difficulty in getting tested. Conclusion: There are psychological impacts associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Psychological interventions should be included in the management of COVID-19 patients and survivors.
{"title":"\"I Was Scared I Might Die Alone\": A Qualitative Study on the Physiological and Psychological Experience of COVID-19 Survivors and the Quality of Care Received at Health Facilities","authors":"I. Olufadewa, M. Adesina, B. Oladokun, A. Baru, R. Oladele, T. Iyanda, Oluwatosin Joseph Ajibade, Funmilayo Abudu","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.09","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although several coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) studies have focused on the biomedical and epidemiological manifestations of the COVID-19 virus, there is a dearth of studies that have reported the experiences of COVID-19 survivors. This study investigated the physiological and psychological experiences of COVID-19 survivors and the quality of care that they received during their recovery processes. Methods: A phenomenological approach and a purposive sampling technique were employed to select eligible participants whose reported interviews/videos were published on reputable online media channels. The selection processes involved three researchers who had independently searched and assessed the interviews and their sources; for veracity, availability of vital information to meet the study objectives, and to ensure it followed the inclusion criteria. Video interviews were transcribed and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Thirty-nine participants (COVID-19 survivors) within the age range of 20-95 from over 15 countries and 5 continents were included in this study. Clinical symptoms commonly reported included feeling feverish, severe, persistent and dry cough, difficulty in breathing, cold, body pains, and aches. Many participants had negative mental health experiences such as being scared, anxious, guilty feelings, and worrying about their recovery. Few participants had positive mental health experiences such as the feeling of encouragement from family and trusted friends. Many participants were satisfied with the quality of care at health centers, though some experienced early difficulty in getting tested. Conclusion: There are psychological impacts associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Psychological interventions should be included in the management of COVID-19 patients and survivors.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41938177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Social media has become an important element of interaction and found itself a place in every aspect of our lives. This study examined the twitter activities of emergency medicine physicians and residents (EMP&R) about the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: The study concentrated on Twitter, a major social media network. To identify accounts owned by EMP&R, followers of the official accounts of two emergency medicine physician associations in our country were reviewed. Results: In total, 251 accounts whose owners stated they were EMP&R in their biographies, were public, and had tweeted within the last year were identified. Among the 210 tweets posted about coronavirus, 42.4% contained comments and suggestions, 18.6% institutional announcements, 17.1% news, 14.8% scientific content, and 7.1% contained humor. Conclusion: This study examined the importance of Twitter posts during outbreaks and the attitudes of emergency medicine doctors on this issue. Based on the results, it is thought that EMP&R should share more.
{"title":"Examination of Emergency Medicine Physicians’ and Residents’ Twitter Activities During the First Days of the COVID-19 Outbreak","authors":"M. Boğan, M. Karadağ, Fatma Boğan","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.08","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Social media has become an important element of interaction and found itself a place in every aspect of our lives. This study examined the twitter activities of emergency medicine physicians and residents (EMP&R) about the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: The study concentrated on Twitter, a major social media network. To identify accounts owned by EMP&R, followers of the official accounts of two emergency medicine physician associations in our country were reviewed. Results: In total, 251 accounts whose owners stated they were EMP&R in their biographies, were public, and had tweeted within the last year were identified. Among the 210 tweets posted about coronavirus, 42.4% contained comments and suggestions, 18.6% institutional announcements, 17.1% news, 14.8% scientific content, and 7.1% contained humor. Conclusion: This study examined the importance of Twitter posts during outbreaks and the attitudes of emergency medicine doctors on this issue. Based on the results, it is thought that EMP&R should share more.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"46-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48636723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: International travelers are exposed to health risks and may transmit infections before, during, or after travel. Travelers are expected to take vaccinations prior to travel. The current study assessed the factors associated with the practice of pre-travel vaccination among travelers departing through Addis Ababa Bole International Airport after their stay in Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 670 international travelers. A multistage sampling technique was used to ensure the representativeness of travel destinations. Awareness and practice of pre-travel vaccination were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire distributed at the departure lounges of the airport. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant factors (at P < 0.05) associated with pre-travel vaccination status. Median age was reported with its interquartile range (IQR). Results: A total of 639 questionnaires were analyzed given a response rate of 95.4%. The median age of participants was 34 years (IQR 28-41). Five hundred and eighty travelers (90.8%) were aware of pre-travel vaccinations, 531 (83.1%) took vaccinations, and 185 (29.0%) had their vaccination cards checked upon arrival in Ethiopia. The vaccination rate of the three recommended vaccines for all travelers were yellow fever (72.5%); diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) (21.4%); and influenza (10.8%). Age, marital status, religion, and having vaccination cards checked on previous trips were associated with vaccination status at P values of 0.047, 0.035, <0.001, and 0.002, respectively. Conclusion: The uptake of recommended vaccinations for all travelers, especially DPT and influenza was low. It is pertinent for border health staff to scale up vaccination card inspection at points of entry.
{"title":"Awareness and Practice of Pre-travel Vaccination Among International Travelers Departing from Addis Ababa Bole International Airport","authors":"O. Jegede, A. Ali, W. Ayele","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: International travelers are exposed to health risks and may transmit infections before, during, or after travel. Travelers are expected to take vaccinations prior to travel. The current study assessed the factors associated with the practice of pre-travel vaccination among travelers departing through Addis Ababa Bole International Airport after their stay in Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 670 international travelers. A multistage sampling technique was used to ensure the representativeness of travel destinations. Awareness and practice of pre-travel vaccination were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire distributed at the departure lounges of the airport. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant factors (at P < 0.05) associated with pre-travel vaccination status. Median age was reported with its interquartile range (IQR). Results: A total of 639 questionnaires were analyzed given a response rate of 95.4%. The median age of participants was 34 years (IQR 28-41). Five hundred and eighty travelers (90.8%) were aware of pre-travel vaccinations, 531 (83.1%) took vaccinations, and 185 (29.0%) had their vaccination cards checked upon arrival in Ethiopia. The vaccination rate of the three recommended vaccines for all travelers were yellow fever (72.5%); diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) (21.4%); and influenza (10.8%). Age, marital status, religion, and having vaccination cards checked on previous trips were associated with vaccination status at P values of 0.047, 0.035, <0.001, and 0.002, respectively. Conclusion: The uptake of recommended vaccinations for all travelers, especially DPT and influenza was low. It is pertinent for border health staff to scale up vaccination card inspection at points of entry.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43137821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to exact a heavy toll on human lives, fragile healthcare systems and international travel. Following its initial rapid spread via international travel routes,1 sustained community transmission is now the major route of infection worldwide. High rates of severe pneumonia requiring prolonged ventilation, pre-symptomatic viral shedding and a disproportionate burden of mortality in older populations, are among the most challenging features of this novel coronavirus infection. A clearer profile of the clinical evolution of the disease is beginning to emerge. Gaps in our understanding of its pathogenesis compromise efforts to deliver targeted therapies to the most severely ill patients, however. The authors have, between them, managed critically ill patients with COVID-19 disease and high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE). Arguments have recently been advanced in the medical literature to suggest that COVID-19 lung injury may share a common pathophysiology with HAPE2 and, indeed, intriguing similarities do exist in their clinical presentation. Here we explore the points of comparison and contrast between these discrete conditions. HAPE was regarded historically by Andean residents as the “pneumonia of the mountains”.3 Symptoms of HAPE and COVID-19 overlap, with an initial dry cough, fever, dyspnoea and chest tightness. Also more common in males, severely affected HAPE patients are typically tachycardic, tachypnoeic and markedly hypoxaemic. Patchy nodular infiltrates on chest radiography and peripheral ground-glass opacities on CT imaging are features of both conditions, although they may also be observed in other respiratory diseases causing a noncardiogenic pulmonary oedema.4 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicates the most severe cases of COVID-19 pneumonia and is also described in severe HAPE. The cytokine storm of the host inflammatory immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is central to the development of severe illness in a subset of patients, with the worst clinical outcomes reported in male patients, the elderly and in those with pre-existing illness. Anecdotally, adverse clinical outcomes are also observed more frequently in obese patients. High altitude travellers with a brisk hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response (HPVR) and risk factors for pulmonary hypertension, including obesityhypoventilation syndrome, may develop uneven pulmonary arteriolar vasoconstriction. This leads to stress failure of pulmonary capillaries in over-perfused areas of the lung, leading to a protein-rich pulmonary oedema. Evidence of alveolar epithelial inflammation manifests in both conditions. The role of defective reabsorption of sodium and water from the alveoli in HAPE led to the use of the inhaled beta-2agonist salmeterol in its prophylaxis, but to the best of our knowledge a similar approach has not been taken to date in COVID-19 patients. Microthrombi are reported in the pu
2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)全球大流行继续给人类生命、脆弱的卫生保健系统和国际旅行造成重大损失。在最初通过国际旅行途径迅速传播之后，持续社区传播现在是全世界的主要感染途径。这种新型冠状病毒感染最具挑战性的特征是，需要长时间通气的严重肺炎的高发率、症状前病毒的排出以及老年人群中不成比例的死亡率负担。对这种疾病的临床演变有了更清晰的认识。然而，我们对其发病机制的理解存在差距，影响了为最严重的患者提供靶向治疗的努力。作者在他们之间管理了COVID-19疾病和高原肺水肿(HAPE)的危重患者。最近在医学文献中提出的论点表明，COVID-19肺损伤可能与HAPE2具有共同的病理生理学，事实上，它们的临床表现确实存在有趣的相似之处。在这里，我们探讨这些离散条件之间的比较和对比点。HAPE历来被安第斯山脉的居民视为“山区的肺炎”HAPE和COVID-19的症状重叠，最初表现为干咳、发烧、呼吸困难和胸闷。同样在男性中更常见，严重的HAPE患者通常是心动过速、呼吸急促和明显的低氧血症。胸片上的斑片状结节浸润和CT上的周围磨玻璃影是这两种疾病的特征，尽管它们也可能在其他引起非心源性肺水肿的呼吸系统疾病中观察到急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是COVID-19肺炎最严重病例的并发症，在严重HAPE中也有描述。宿主对SARS-CoV-2感染的炎症免疫反应的细胞因子风暴是部分患者发生严重疾病的关键，据报道，男性患者、老年人和已有疾病的患者的临床结果最差。有趣的是，不良临床结果在肥胖患者中也更常见。高海拔旅行者的缺氧性肺血管收缩反应(HPVR)和肺动脉高压的危险因素，包括肥胖和低通气综合征，可能会出现不均匀的肺小动脉血管收缩。这导致肺部过度灌注区域的肺毛细血管压力衰竭，导致富含蛋白质的肺水肿。肺泡上皮炎症的证据在这两种情况下都表现出来。在HAPE中，钠和水从肺泡重吸收缺陷的作用导致使用吸入β -2激动剂沙美特罗进行预防，但据我们所知，迄今为止尚未在COVID-19患者中采用类似的方法。据报道，在COVID-19患者的肺血管中存在微血栓，长期以来与HAPE相关，尽管在HAPE中，微血栓可能是一种附带现象，并且在HAPE过程中随后会出现急性炎症。有趣的是，先前的病毒性呼吸道感染的存在已在HAPE中得到确认。虽然病毒感染可能降低HAPE的阈值，但它不是水肿发展的必要条件。HAPE似乎是肺损伤的一个独特例子，http://ijtmgh.com国际旅行医学全球健康。2020年6月;8(2):89-90 doi 10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.14 TMGH国际旅行医学和全球健康杂志[J]
{"title":"Unravelling the Pathogenesis of Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: Are There Possible Insights From High Altitude?","authors":"G. Flaherty, P. Hession","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.14","url":null,"abstract":"The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to exact a heavy toll on human lives, fragile healthcare systems and international travel. Following its initial rapid spread via international travel routes,1 sustained community transmission is now the major route of infection worldwide. High rates of severe pneumonia requiring prolonged ventilation, pre-symptomatic viral shedding and a disproportionate burden of mortality in older populations, are among the most challenging features of this novel coronavirus infection. A clearer profile of the clinical evolution of the disease is beginning to emerge. Gaps in our understanding of its pathogenesis compromise efforts to deliver targeted therapies to the most severely ill patients, however. The authors have, between them, managed critically ill patients with COVID-19 disease and high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE). Arguments have recently been advanced in the medical literature to suggest that COVID-19 lung injury may share a common pathophysiology with HAPE2 and, indeed, intriguing similarities do exist in their clinical presentation. Here we explore the points of comparison and contrast between these discrete conditions. HAPE was regarded historically by Andean residents as the “pneumonia of the mountains”.3 Symptoms of HAPE and COVID-19 overlap, with an initial dry cough, fever, dyspnoea and chest tightness. Also more common in males, severely affected HAPE patients are typically tachycardic, tachypnoeic and markedly hypoxaemic. Patchy nodular infiltrates on chest radiography and peripheral ground-glass opacities on CT imaging are features of both conditions, although they may also be observed in other respiratory diseases causing a noncardiogenic pulmonary oedema.4 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicates the most severe cases of COVID-19 pneumonia and is also described in severe HAPE. The cytokine storm of the host inflammatory immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is central to the development of severe illness in a subset of patients, with the worst clinical outcomes reported in male patients, the elderly and in those with pre-existing illness. Anecdotally, adverse clinical outcomes are also observed more frequently in obese patients. High altitude travellers with a brisk hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response (HPVR) and risk factors for pulmonary hypertension, including obesityhypoventilation syndrome, may develop uneven pulmonary arteriolar vasoconstriction. This leads to stress failure of pulmonary capillaries in over-perfused areas of the lung, leading to a protein-rich pulmonary oedema. Evidence of alveolar epithelial inflammation manifests in both conditions. The role of defective reabsorption of sodium and water from the alveoli in HAPE led to the use of the inhaled beta-2agonist salmeterol in its prophylaxis, but to the best of our knowledge a similar approach has not been taken to date in COVID-19 patients. Microthrombi are reported in the pu","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"89-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46979868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The State of Kuwait spends large sums of governmental funds on sending patients abroad to receive medical treatment. This study aimed to explain the rationale behind receiving primary medical care overseas, given the expense and inconvenience, from the perspective of Kuwaiti patients whose applications were approved. Methods: The survey was designed based on recommendations from an expert panel of physicians working in Kuwait and aimed to give insight into outbound medical services as perceived by the Kuwaiti population. Using Google Forms, the survey was sent electronically to 1067 patients who received treatment abroad sponsored by the government in the year 2018, and 590 responses were returned. The study itself explored reasons for seeking treatment abroad, finances, preferred countries, and whether there were touristic reasons behind such practice. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Overall, males (52.3%) and females (47.7%) were equally represented in the study sample. The mean age for the study sample was 41±13.4 years. Approximately 45.3% of the respondents were married and had children. Of the remaining respondents, 21.9% were married with no children and 23.8% were single without children. All respondents received medical treatment abroad, and 52.3% of the married respondents and 47.7% of the single respondents stated that they received treatment once and more than once, respectively. Conclusion: Most Kuwaiti citizens do not have faith in the Kuwaiti medical system. Therefore, heavy investments are needed to send patients abroad.
{"title":"Medical Tourism Overseas: A Challenge to Kuwait’s Healthcare System","authors":"Bader Alhendi, Saleh Al-Saifi, A. Khaja","doi":"10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.04","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction: The State of Kuwait spends large sums of governmental funds on sending patients abroad to receive medical treatment. This study aimed to explain the rationale behind receiving primary medical care overseas, given the expense and inconvenience, from the perspective of Kuwaiti patients whose applications were approved. Methods: The survey was designed based on recommendations from an expert panel of physicians working in Kuwait and aimed to give insight into outbound medical services as perceived by the Kuwaiti population. Using Google Forms, the survey was sent electronically to 1067 patients who received treatment abroad sponsored by the government in the year 2018, and 590 responses were returned. The study itself explored reasons for seeking treatment abroad, finances, preferred countries, and whether there were touristic reasons behind such practice. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Overall, males (52.3%) and females (47.7%) were equally represented in the study sample. The mean age for the study sample was 41±13.4 years. Approximately 45.3% of the respondents were married and had children. Of the remaining respondents, 21.9% were married with no children and 23.8% were single without children. All respondents received medical treatment abroad, and 52.3% of the married respondents and 47.7% of the single respondents stated that they received treatment once and more than once, respectively. Conclusion: Most Kuwaiti citizens do not have faith in the Kuwaiti medical system. Therefore, heavy investments are needed to send patients abroad.","PeriodicalId":32539,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45618358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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