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A Study of the Flowering Plants of Tulsa County, Oklahoma, Exclusive of the Grasses, Sedges, and Rushes 俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨县开花植物的研究,不包括草、莎草和灯心草
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/okstate.18.100004
M. B. Clark
A taxonomic study of the flowering plants of Tulsa County, Oklahoma, exclusive of the grasses, sedges, and rushes, was made from 1955 to 1959. A total of 585 species, representing 99 families and 335 genera, were identified and are on file in the herbarium of the University of Tulsa. The largest families in order of number of species are: Compositae [Asteraceae], 110 species; Leguminosae [Fabaceae], 50 species; Euphorbiaceae, 22 species; Cruciferae [Brassicaceae], 21 species; Rosaceae, 19 species; Scrophulariaceae [Linderniaceae, Orobanchaceae, Phrymaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae], 18 species; Labiateae [Lamiaceae], 16 species; Polygonaceae, 16 species; and Onagraceae, 15 species. The number of plants found is comparable to similar collections in Muskogee County by Little (1938) and in Pontotoc County by McCoy (1958). The plant list of Tulsa County may be increased by further study. Editor’s Note: Where nomenclature has been updated using ITIS-Integrated Taxonomic Information Service ( http://www.itis.gov ), the revised name is in brackets [ ], as are other updates.
1955年至1959年,对俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨县的开花植物进行了分类研究,不包括草、莎草和灯心草。塔尔萨大学植物标本馆共鉴定出585种植物,代表99科335属。物种数量最多的科有:菊科[菊科],110种;豆科[豆科],50种;大戟科22种;十字花科[十字花科],21种;蔷薇科19种;玄参科【林丹科、列当科、Phrymacae、车前草科、玄参科】,18种;唇形科[唇形科],16种;何首乌科,16种;和小檗科15种。发现的植物数量与Little(1938)在Muskogee县和McCoy(1958)在Pontotoc县发现的类似植物数量相当。塔尔萨县的植物名录可能会通过进一步研究而增加。编者按:使用ITIS综合分类信息服务(http://www.itis.gov),修订后的名称在括号[]中,其他更新也是如此。
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引用次数: 2
First Record of Chorioactis geaster from Oklahoma 俄克拉荷马州合唱歌手的第一张唱片
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.18.100007
C. Ovrebo, S. Brandon
Chorioactis geaster (Peck) Kupfer, the devil’s cigar fungus, is reported from Oklahoma for the first time. A collection was made in Choctaw County in southeast Oklahoma in January 2017. Chorioactis geaster is a fleshy fungus that belongs to the Ascomycota and is an example of what are commonly referred to as cup fungi. The young ascomata are closed, swollen-elongate, brown and finely hairy. During expansion, the ascomata split into 3–6 rays that are reminiscent of earth star fungi. The hymenophore color is pale yellow to tan. The ascospores are large, measuring 60–70 x 12– 13 μm , and are curved-fusoid in shape. All previous records from the United States have been reported from Texas, and the fungus is also known from Japan. The holotype was collected in Austin, Texas in 1891 and described by Charles H. Peck in the genus Urnula .
据报道,美国俄克拉荷马州首次发现了“魔鬼雪茄菌”——Chorioactis geaster。2017年1月,俄克拉何马州东南部的乔克托县收藏了一件藏品。绒毛膜菌是一种肉质真菌,属于子囊菌门,是通常被称为杯状真菌的一个例子。幼子囊闭合,肿胀拉长,棕色,有细毛。在膨胀期间,星形体分裂成3-6条射线,让人想起地球星真菌。膜膜的颜色为淡黄色至棕褐色。子囊孢子体积大,尺寸为60 ~ 70 μm × 12 ~ 13 μm,呈弯曲梭状。美国以前的所有记录都来自德克萨斯州,这种真菌也来自日本。该全型标本于1891年在德克萨斯州奥斯汀收集,并由Charles H. Peck在Urnula属中描述。
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引用次数: 0
Vascular Flora of E. C. Hafer Park, Edmond, Oklahoma e.c.哈弗公园的维管植物群,埃德蒙,俄克拉何马州
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.18.100006
G. Caddell, Katie Christoffel, Carmen Esqueda, Alonna Smith
E. C. Hafer Park is located on the western edge of the Cross Timbers ecoregion, in central Oklahoma within the City of Edmond. The park contains post oak-blackjack oak forest, tallgrass prairie, riparian forest, and areas developed for recreational activities. A vascular plant inventory conducted during 2013, 2015, 2016, and 2017 yielded 270 species in 190 genera and 65 families. The largest families were the Asteraceae (46 species), Poaceae (42), and Fabaceae (27). There were 96 annuals, four biennials, and 170 perennials. Sixty species (22.2%) were not native to the United States. No rare species currently being tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory were present. Compared to floristic inventories for other sites of similar size in Oklahoma, Hafer Park has a relatively high number of species. However, it also has a relatively high percentage of exotic species from other continents, some of which are invasive and are threatening the native forest, grassland, and riparian plant communities.
E.C.Hafer公园位于俄克拉荷马州中部埃德蒙德市Cross Timbers生态区的西部边缘。该公园包括后橡树时代的21点橡树林、tallgrass草原、河岸森林和为娱乐活动开发的区域。2013年、2015年、2016年和2017年进行的维管植物清查共产生65科190属270种。最大的科是菊科(46种)、菊科(42种)和蚕豆科(27种)。共有96个一年生植物、4个双年生植物和170个多年生植物。60个物种(22.2%)不是美国本土物种。俄克拉荷马州自然遗产名录目前没有追踪到任何稀有物种。与俄克拉荷马州其他类似规模场地的植物区系目录相比,哈弗公园的物种数量相对较高。然而,它也有相对较高比例的来自其他大陆的外来物种,其中一些是入侵性的,正在威胁当地的森林、草原和河岸植物群落。
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引用次数: 0
Laboratory Studies of Allelopathic Effects of Juniperus Virginiana L. on Five Species of Native Plants 弗吉尼亚杜松对5种乡土植物化感作用的室内研究
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.18.100005
E. Corbett, A. Lashley
Juniperus virginiana L. (eastern redcedar) is known as an encroaching native plant species. It poses particular problems in the Great Plains, where fire suppression in the 20 th century has led to the expansion of its population and the area it affects. There is some evidence that the genus Juniperus contains members that are allelopathic; work with western species of juniper have demonstrated negative effects of litter on seedling growth. We established laboratory experiments to test the effect of a water leachate of eastern redcedar litter (100 g litter per liter DI water; steeped 8 h) and eastern redcedar litter on the growth and germination of five native herbaceous species. We saw no clear negative effect of leachate or litter; in fact, there is limited evidence that the leachate increased percent germination, and the presence of litter may have led to greater height growth in inland sea-oats. There was no evidence of the litter or leachate acidifying the soil, at least over the short course of the experiment. It is possible the main negative effect of the presence of eastern redcedar on herbaceous species is through light or nutrient competition by mature trees. We are repeating this study in a field setting.
弗吉尼亚杜松(东部红雪松)是一种入侵性的本土植物。它在大平原地区带来了特别的问题,20世纪的火灾镇压导致了大平原地区人口和面积的扩大。有一些证据表明,杜松属含有化感物质;对西方品种杜松的研究表明,枯枝落叶对幼苗生长有负面影响。我们建立了实验室实验,以测试东部红雪松枯枝落叶(每升DI水100克枯枝落叶;浸泡8小时)和东部红雪松落叶的渗滤液对五种本地草本植物生长和发芽的影响。我们没有看到渗滤液或垃圾的明显负面影响;事实上,有限的证据表明,渗滤液提高了内海燕麦的发芽率,垃圾的存在可能导致内海燕麦更高的高度增长。至少在短时间的实验过程中,没有证据表明垃圾或渗滤液会使土壤酸化。东部红雪松对草本物种的主要负面影响可能是通过成熟树木的光照或营养竞争。我们正在实地重复这项研究。
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引用次数: 1
Complete Vol. 16 完成第16卷
Pub Date : 2017-02-07 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100118
Sheila A. Strawn
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Fire Severity on Habitat Recovery in a Mixed Grass Prairie Ecosystem 火灾强度对混交草草原生态系统生境恢复的影响
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100123
L. E. Jardine, Adam K. Ryburn, Anthony J. Stancampiano
We assessed the recovery and current status of three mixed grass prairie sites 5 yr post burn in the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Indiahoma, Oklahoma. These sites represent three burn histories: moderate burn, severe burn, and unburned. We used a modified point-intercept method to sample 38 habitat variables at 280 points along three transects at each site. These data were subjected to principal components analysis to assess trends in habitat structure among the sites. The first three components explained 66.6% of the variation in the dataset. Component I represents a gradient from short forbs, lichen covered rocks, and minimal disturbance to areas of tall grasses and ungulate disturbance. Component II represents a gradient from tall forbs and water disturbance to areas with woody shrubs, short herbaceous litter, and graminoid and moss ground cover. Component III represents a gradient from areas with mid-level forbs, fecal matter and herbaceous litter ground cover to areas with tall grasses and bare ground. Projections of the burn treatment sites onto principal components I–III indicate that the moderate and unburned sites cluster closely on component I but are distinct along components II and III. We interpret our results as supporting a relationship between high severity fire and more complete nutrient cycling from accumulated litter, leading initially post fire to dense grass cover followed by increasing forb cover. This increase in forage density potentially alters the grazing patterns of large herbivores, which inflicts higher levels of disturbance. Conversely, the unburned and moderate burn sites had a greater diversity of herbaceous species at lower coverage densities, perhaps resulting from reestablshiment from surviving shoots and seeds.
我们评估了俄克拉何马州印第安荷马威奇托山脉野生动物保护区3个混合草原区燃烧5年后的恢复和现状。这些地点代表了三种烧伤历史:中度烧伤、严重烧伤和未烧伤。采用改进的点截法对每个站点沿3条样带的280个点的38个生境变量进行了采样。对这些数据进行主成分分析,以评估样地生境结构的变化趋势。前三个组成部分解释了数据集中66.6%的变化。分量I表示从短叶、地衣覆盖的岩石和最小干扰到高草和有蹄类干扰的区域的梯度。组分II代表了从高大的草本植物和水分干扰到木本灌木、短草本凋落物、禾本科植物和苔藓地面覆盖的梯度。组分III代表了从中层牧草、粪便和草本凋落物覆盖地区到高草和光秃秃地面地区的梯度。烧伤处理点在主成分I - III上的投影表明,中度和未烧伤点在成分I上紧密聚集,而在成分II和III上明显不同。我们将研究结果解释为支持高严重性火灾与积累的凋落物更完整的养分循环之间的关系,导致火灾后最初的茂密草地覆盖,随后增加了牧草覆盖。牧草密度的增加可能会改变大型食草动物的放牧模式,从而造成更高水平的干扰。相反,未烧过和中度烧过的地点在覆盖度较低的情况下具有更大的草本物种多样性,这可能是由于幸存的芽和种子重建的结果。
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引用次数: 0
The Structure of the Gynostegium, Breeding System, and Pollination Ecology of Spider Milkweed, Asclepias viridis Walter (Apocynaceae) 夹竹桃科蜘蛛乳草(Asclepias viridis Walter)的绞股肌结构、繁殖系统及传粉生态学
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100121
Shang-Wen Liaw
Reproductive structures, flowering phenology, breeding system, and potential pollinators were described in two populations of Asclepias viridis Walter in Oklahoma in 1997 and 1998. Scanning electron microscopy was used to locate the stigmatic surfaces of the gynostegium, and a series of pollination treatments was performed including open-pollination, supplemental pollination, self-pollination, and within- and between-population cross-pollination. Flower visitors, their visitation rates, and numbers of pollinaria carried were recorded. Pollinia were inserted in four ways to determine which type of insertion results in pollen germination, and flowers were collected to determine how pollinia were inserted by insects. The stigmatic surfaces of A. viridis are located at the fusion point of the two styles at the base of the gynostegium. Self-pollinations produced no mature follicles, revealing self-incompatibility. In addition to genetic barriers, the low rate of natural fruit-set (1.87% in 1997 and 1.39% in 1998) is due to follicle abortion and predation of flowers and follicles. Supplemental pollination did not significantly increase fruit and seed set. Fruit-set from hand cross-pollinations at one site, but not the other, revealed a greater crossability between populations than within. A. viridis flowered from early May to late June, with a peak in late May. The mean number of flowers per inflorescence was 34.1, and the mean flowering span per inflorescence was 10.6 days. Over 20 families of insects, including those within the orders Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera, visited flowers. Of the hymenopterans, solitary wasps, large carpenter bees, digger bees, and bumblebees carried pollinaria. Hymenopterans contributed the majority of visitations, and bumblebees ( Bombus spp.; Apidae) were the most important pollinators based on numbers of pollinaria carried and frequency of visitation. The highest percentage of mature follicles was obtained when pollinia were inserted with the convex edge toward the stigmatic surface; natural pollinators almost always insert pollinia in this manner.
研究了1997年和1998年俄克拉荷马两种群的繁殖结构、开花物候、繁殖系统和潜在传粉者。利用扫描电子显微镜对雌蕊花柱头表面进行了定位,并对其进行了开放授粉、补充授粉、自花授粉、种群内和种群间异花授粉等一系列授粉处理。记录了访花者、访花率和携带花粉的数量。通过四种方式插入花粉以确定哪种插入方式导致花粉萌发,并收集花朵以确定昆虫如何插入花粉。青刺的柱头表面位于两柱的融合点,即雌蕊基部。自花授粉不产生成熟卵泡,表明自交不亲和。除遗传障碍外,天然坐果率低(1997年1.87%,1998年1.39%)与卵泡败育、花和卵泡被捕食有关。补充授粉对坐果和结实率无显著影响。在一个地点,而不是在另一个地点,手工异花授粉的果实显示了种群之间比种群内部更大的杂交能力。五月上旬至六月底开花,五月底为花期高峰。平均每花序花数为34.1朵,平均每花序花期为10.6 d。包括膜翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目和半翅目在内的20多个科昆虫访问了花朵。膜翅目昆虫中,独居黄蜂、大型木蜂、挖土蜂和大黄蜂携带传粉昆虫。膜翅目昆虫贡献了大部分的来访,大黄蜂(Bombus spp.;从传粉昆虫的数量和访花频率来看,蜜蜂科是最重要的传粉媒介。当花粉凸缘朝向柱头面插入时,成熟卵泡百分率最高;自然传粉者几乎总是以这种方式插入传粉。
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引用次数: 5
A Floristic Inventory of the University of Oklahoma's Kessler Atmospheric and Ecological Field Station, McClain County, Oklahoma 俄克拉何马州麦克莱恩县俄克拉何马大学凯斯勒大气与生态野外站的植物目录
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100122
A. Buthod, B. Hoagland
This paper reports the results of a vascular plant inventory at the University of Oklahoma’s Kessler Atmospheric and Ecological Field Station in McClain County in the state of Oklahoma. A total of 388 taxa in 80 families were collected. Two hundred and fifty-seven genera, 361 species, and 27 infraspecific taxa were identified. The largest families were the Poaceae with 66 taxa and the Asteraceae with 55 taxa. Fifty-seven taxa were planted or non-native to the U.S. (14.7 % of the flora). Four taxa tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory were found.
这篇论文报告了在俄克拉何马州麦克莱恩县的俄克拉何马大学凯斯勒大气与生态野外站进行的维管植物库存调查的结果。共采集到80科388个分类群。共鉴定出257个属,361个种,27个种下分类群。最大的科是禾本科(66个)和菊科(55个)。57个分类群是种植的或非美国本土的(占植物区系的14.7%)。俄克拉何马州自然遗产清单追踪了四个分类群。
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引用次数: 1
Pollination Ecology of Sabatia Campenstris Nutt. (Gentianaceae) 山楂传粉生态学研究。(龙胆科)
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100120
C. Taylor
Flower timing studies in June and July (1972) on populations of Sabatia campestris Nutt. show this plant to be allogamous (out crossing) under natural field conditions. However, when environmental factors reduce populations of solitary bees or when flower populations are particularly extensive and dense, the uncollected pollen causes retention of anthers into the period of style opening and stigma presentation. Then autogamy (self-pollination) occurs. Pollinators observed were solitary bees in the genera Calliopsis, Dialictus , and infrequently Augochlorella . Pollen viability is generally excellent. A chromosomal count of n=12 indicated the presence of aneuploid races in this plant species. The lengthening of petals from anthesis to wilting and calyx from bud to fruit production indicates flower size cannot be used as a taxonomic character to separate species.
1972年6月和7月山菖蒲种群花时的研究。在自然的田间条件下显示这株植物是异交的。然而,当环境因素减少了独居蜜蜂的种群数量,或者当花的种群特别广泛和密集时,未采集到的花粉会导致花药保留到花柱开放和柱头呈现的时期。然后发生自交(自花授粉)。观察到的传粉者为Calliopsis属、Dialictus属的独居蜜蜂,以及罕见的Augochlorella。花粉活力一般很好。染色体计数n=12表明该植物存在非整倍体小种。花瓣从开花到凋谢,花萼从芽到结果的长度表明花的大小不能作为分类特征来区分物种。
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引用次数: 2
Critic’s Choice Essay, A Conversation with a Small Beetle 《与一只小甲虫的对话》
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100124
Pauline Buck
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Oklahoma Native Plant Record
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