Pub Date : 2015-12-18DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100113
Chrisdon B. Bonner, E. Rebek, J. Cole, B. Kahn, J. Steets
We examined whether interplanting vegetable and ornamental flowering plants reduces herbivory and enhances photosynthetic rate, plant growth, natural enemy abundance, and pollinator visitation relative to monoculture plantings. We found no evidence of physiological or growth costs due to growth in polyculture. Herbivore damage to plants did not differ with planting regime. Natural enemies occurred in greater abundance in polycultures compared to monocultures. Pollinator diversity was enhanced in some polyculture plots. We suggest that interplanting vegetable and flowering ornamental plants at small spatial scales may improve plant health and reproduction through natural pest control and a diversified pollinator pool.
{"title":"Interplanting Floral Resource Plants with Vegetable Plants Enhances Beneficial Arthropod Abundance in a Home Garden","authors":"Chrisdon B. Bonner, E. Rebek, J. Cole, B. Kahn, J. Steets","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100113","url":null,"abstract":"We examined whether interplanting vegetable and ornamental flowering plants reduces herbivory and enhances photosynthetic rate, plant growth, natural enemy abundance, and pollinator visitation relative to monoculture plantings. We found no evidence of physiological or growth costs due to growth in polyculture. Herbivore damage to plants did not differ with planting regime. Natural enemies occurred in greater abundance in polycultures compared to monocultures. Pollinator diversity was enhanced in some polyculture plots. We suggest that interplanting vegetable and flowering ornamental plants at small spatial scales may improve plant health and reproduction through natural pest control and a diversified pollinator pool.","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"15 1","pages":"31-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68758561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-18DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100111
B. Osborn
The following list of native and cultivated plants is arranged according to the first recorded date of blooming for each species as observed in Oklahoma County or any of the counties contiguous to it. Most of the records are from Norman in Cleveland County, with a few from Oklahoma City in Oklahoma County and Shawnee in Pottawatomie County. Where more than one has been recorded, the average is given as the arithmetic average of the dates. Dates of observations of plants which had attained full bloom, where known, have been eliminated, except where they were the earliest recorded dates for the species. Such dates have been starred (*) in the list. A plant is considered in bloom when as many as one flower is open and having either stamens shedding pollen or the stigma ready to receive pollen, as indicated by pollen grains adhering to it or the obviously mature condition of the stigma. Exceptionally early bloomings within the shelter of buildings or other barriers are included, but those resulting from artificial heat have been eliminated.
{"title":"FIRST FLOWERING DATES FOR CENTRAL OKLAHOMA","authors":"B. Osborn","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100111","url":null,"abstract":"The following list of native and cultivated plants is arranged according to the first recorded date of blooming for each species as observed in Oklahoma County or any of the counties contiguous to it. Most of the records are from Norman in Cleveland County, with a few from Oklahoma City in Oklahoma County and Shawnee in Pottawatomie County. Where more than one has been recorded, the average is given as the arithmetic average of the dates. Dates of observations of plants which had attained full bloom, where known, have been eliminated, except where they were the earliest recorded dates for the species. Such dates have been starred (*) in the list. A plant is considered in bloom when as many as one flower is open and having either stamens shedding pollen or the stigma ready to receive pollen, as indicated by pollen grains adhering to it or the obviously mature condition of the stigma. Exceptionally early bloomings within the shelter of buildings or other barriers are included, but those resulting from artificial heat have been eliminated.","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"15 1","pages":"6-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68758427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-18DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100114
A. Buthod, B. Hoagland
This paper reports the results of recent collection activities in Cimarron County, including the Black Mesa area, in the state of Oklahoma. A total of 331 taxa in 60 families were collected. Two-hundred and six genera, 279 species and 52 infraspecific taxa were identified. The largest families were the Poaceae with 72 taxa and the Asteraceae with 63. Thirty-six exotic taxa were collected (10.9 % of the flora), including two species new to Oklahoma: Scorzonera laciniata and Ranunculus testiculatus . Forty-six taxa tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory were found.
{"title":"Contributions to the Flora of Cimarron County and the Black Mesa Area","authors":"A. Buthod, B. Hoagland","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100114","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the results of recent collection activities in Cimarron County, including the Black Mesa area, in the state of Oklahoma. A total of 331 taxa in 60 families were collected. Two-hundred and six genera, 279 species and 52 infraspecific taxa were identified. The largest families were the Poaceae with 72 taxa and the Asteraceae with 63. Thirty-six exotic taxa were collected (10.9 % of the flora), including two species new to Oklahoma: Scorzonera laciniata and Ranunculus testiculatus . Forty-six taxa tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory were found.","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"15 1","pages":"49-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68758628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-18DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100112
C. King
Evidence indicates that the structure of Oklahoma Cross Timbers forests are in transition due to changing climate, land-use patterns, and fire suppression efforts. However, only a handful of studies have addressed the history of fire across the Oklahoma Cross Timbers landscape. This research adds to the body of literature by studying the contemporary forest structure and fire history at Lake Arcadia in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma. Results demonstrate that post oak ( Quercus stellata Wangenh.) and blackjack oak ( Q. marilandica Munchh.), two common species in Oklahoma Cross Timbers, dominate the forest. However, several mesophytic tree species are found in the overstory as well as the sapling layer of the forest. A total of 25 fire events (mean fire interval = 4.14 years) were documented during the 20 th century using fire-scar analysis of Q. stellata trees and remnant wood (stumps, snags, recently dead trees). High fire frequencies in the early to mid-20 th century corresponded to the recruitment of Q. stellata and Q. marilandica . Wet conditions (PDSI > 0) during the late 20 th century and no fires after 1985 corresponded to the recruitment of non-oak, mesophytic species at the study site. The results of this study suggest that changes in fire frequency and moisture availability are contributing to changes in tree density and species composition at the study site.
{"title":"FOREST STRUCTURE AND FIRE HISTORY AT LAKE ARCADIA, OKLAHOMA COUNTY, OKLAHOMA (1820–2014)","authors":"C. King","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100112","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence indicates that the structure of Oklahoma Cross Timbers forests are in transition due to changing climate, land-use patterns, and fire suppression efforts. However, only a handful of studies have addressed the history of fire across the Oklahoma Cross Timbers landscape. This research adds to the body of literature by studying the contemporary forest structure and fire history at Lake Arcadia in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma. Results demonstrate that post oak ( Quercus stellata Wangenh.) and blackjack oak ( Q. marilandica Munchh.), two common species in Oklahoma Cross Timbers, dominate the forest. However, several mesophytic tree species are found in the overstory as well as the sapling layer of the forest. A total of 25 fire events (mean fire interval = 4.14 years) were documented during the 20 th century using fire-scar analysis of Q. stellata trees and remnant wood (stumps, snags, recently dead trees). High fire frequencies in the early to mid-20 th century corresponded to the recruitment of Q. stellata and Q. marilandica . Wet conditions (PDSI > 0) during the late 20 th century and no fires after 1985 corresponded to the recruitment of non-oak, mesophytic species at the study site. The results of this study suggest that changes in fire frequency and moisture availability are contributing to changes in tree density and species composition at the study site.","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"15 1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68758494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-18DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100115
Tahzeeba Frisby
The use of medicinal plants has been an integral part of human civilization since antiquity. Naturally occurring pesticidal compounds are synthesized by the plant defense system, which includes antimicrobial proteins and lower molecular weight natural products. In this study, plants were collected from southwestern Oklahoma, and plant tissues were extracted and assayed for antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus , a mycotoxin producing fungus. Out of the 84 plant tissue extracts tested, 40 extracts exhibited complete to very strong inhibition of fungal growth. Extracts were dialyzed in Tris buffer using 3,500 molecular weight cut-off dialysis membrane to remove low molecular weight compounds. After dialysis, the majority of the plant extracts lost antifungal activity against A. flavus . Four plant extracts, however, retained complete activity. The source plants of these four extracts were identified as belonging to Asparagaceae. Three of the extracts came from three different plants of the genus Allium. The fourth extract was from Camassia scilloides .
{"title":"Antifungal Activity in Extracts of Plants from Southwestern Oklahoma Against Aspergillus Flavus","authors":"Tahzeeba Frisby","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100115","url":null,"abstract":"The use of medicinal plants has been an integral part of human civilization since antiquity. Naturally occurring pesticidal compounds are synthesized by the plant defense system, which includes antimicrobial proteins and lower molecular weight natural products. In this study, plants were collected from southwestern Oklahoma, and plant tissues were extracted and assayed for antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus , a mycotoxin producing fungus. Out of the 84 plant tissue extracts tested, 40 extracts exhibited complete to very strong inhibition of fungal growth. Extracts were dialyzed in Tris buffer using 3,500 molecular weight cut-off dialysis membrane to remove low molecular weight compounds. After dialysis, the majority of the plant extracts lost antifungal activity against A. flavus . Four plant extracts, however, retained complete activity. The source plants of these four extracts were identified as belonging to Asparagaceae. Three of the extracts came from three different plants of the genus Allium. The fourth extract was from Camassia scilloides .","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"15 1","pages":"78-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68758716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-18DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100116
Marli Claytor, K. Hickman
Invasive species are a growing problem in the United States, and kudzu ( Pueraria montana ) (Lour.) Merr. is one of the most well documented invaders of southeastern states. Documenting the invasion of kudzu in Oklahoma, however, has not been a targeted focus in previous studies; thus, maps of its occurrence differ among sources. Our primary objective was to locate and confirm the presence of kudzu throughout Oklahoma. Specifically, we attempted to confirm previously recorded populations of kudzu and estimate the extent of the invasion at those sites. In addition, we wanted to locate stands of kudzu within Oklahoma that had not been recorded and to assess the extent of invasion. A survey was sent to state and county officials to acquire information on locations and general knowledge of kudzu. Points of occurrence and estimated extent of invasion in hectares were then placed in ArcMap programming to create a consolidated map of kudzu. Samples were collected, pressed, and placed in the University of Oklahoma’s Bebb Herbarium (OKL). We determined the majority of kudzu locations are in the southeastern portion of the state and total a minimum of 32.4 hectares. Results of the survey indicated half of the respondents polled were unaware of kudzu’s presence in the state.
{"title":"Kudzu, Pueraria Montana (Lour.) Merr. Abundance and Distribution in Oklahoma","authors":"Marli Claytor, K. Hickman","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100116","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive species are a growing problem in the United States, and kudzu ( Pueraria montana ) (Lour.) Merr. is one of the most well documented invaders of southeastern states. Documenting the invasion of kudzu in Oklahoma, however, has not been a targeted focus in previous studies; thus, maps of its occurrence differ among sources. Our primary objective was to locate and confirm the presence of kudzu throughout Oklahoma. Specifically, we attempted to confirm previously recorded populations of kudzu and estimate the extent of the invasion at those sites. In addition, we wanted to locate stands of kudzu within Oklahoma that had not been recorded and to assess the extent of invasion. A survey was sent to state and county officials to acquire information on locations and general knowledge of kudzu. Points of occurrence and estimated extent of invasion in hectares were then placed in ArcMap programming to create a consolidated map of kudzu. Samples were collected, pressed, and placed in the University of Oklahoma’s Bebb Herbarium (OKL). We determined the majority of kudzu locations are in the southeastern portion of the state and total a minimum of 32.4 hectares. Results of the survey indicated half of the respondents polled were unaware of kudzu’s presence in the state.","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"15 1","pages":"96-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68758266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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