Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100097
A. Buthod
This paper reports the results of an inventory of the vascular flora of the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma. A total of 342 taxa from 75 families and 237 genera were collected from four main vegetation types. The families Asteraceae and Poaceae were the largest, with 49 and 42 taxa, respectively. Fifty-eight exotic taxa were found, representing 17% of the total flora. Twelve taxa tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory were present.
本文报告了俄克拉何马州塔尔萨Mary K. Oxley自然中心维管植物区系的清查结果。共收集到4种主要植被类型75科237属342个分类群。菊科和禾本科最大，分别有49个和42个类群。发现外来分类群58个，占总区系的17%。俄克拉何马州自然遗产清单追踪了12个分类群。
{"title":"A Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center, Tulsa County, Oklahoma","authors":"A. Buthod","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100097","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the results of an inventory of the vascular flora of the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma. A total of 342 taxa from 75 families and 237 genera were collected from four main vegetation types. The families Asteraceae and Poaceae were the largest, with 49 and 42 taxa, respectively. Fifty-eight exotic taxa were found, representing 17% of the total flora. Twelve taxa tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory were present.","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"13 1","pages":"29-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68758186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100090
C. Ledford
This document contains excerpts from a work in progress focusing on the ethnobotany of the Pawnee Native Americans. The effort being made is to consolidate research findings to provide a written record specifically addressing plant use by the Pawnee. The majority of the information gained was through literature reviews which provided a historic perspective. However, living among the Pawnee for twenty-two years has provided some insight into modern uses of some plants. A priority at the onset was to identify and describe the broad-ranging application of plants within their culture. All the ethnobotanical examples here are based on plants that have been documented in Oklahoma. Each plant is related to its currently known biogeography in Kansas and Nebraska which was regionally part of their historic homeland until their removal to Oklahoma beginning in 1875.
{"title":"A Preliminary Pawnee Ethnobotany Checklist","authors":"C. Ledford","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100090","url":null,"abstract":"This document contains excerpts from a work in progress focusing on the ethnobotany of the Pawnee Native Americans. The effort being made is to consolidate research findings to provide a written record specifically addressing plant use by the Pawnee. The majority of the information gained was through literature reviews which provided a historic perspective. However, living among the Pawnee for twenty-two years has provided some insight into modern uses of some plants. A priority at the onset was to identify and describe the broad-ranging application of plants within their culture. All the ethnobotanical examples here are based on plants that have been documented in Oklahoma. Each plant is related to its currently known biogeography in Kansas and Nebraska which was regionally part of their historic homeland until their removal to Oklahoma beginning in 1875.","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"12 1","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68758047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100091
G. Caddell, K. Rice
Alabaster Caverns State Park is located in the Cimarron Gypsum Hills of northwestern Oklahoma, a semi-arid region of the state. The majority of the park is dominated by mixed-grass prairie and gypsum outcrops, with some riparian habitat and wooded north-facing slopes. A vascular plant inventory conducted from 2004 through 2007 yielded 274 species in 199 genera and 66 families. The largest families were the Poaceae (52 species), Asteraceae (47), and Fabaceae (23). There were 100 annuals, 6 biennials, and 163 perennials, as well as 5 species that have more than one life history form. Forty-two species (15.3%) were not native to North America. Three taxa currently being tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory (2012) were present: Echinocereus reichenbachii (S3G5), Haploesthes greggii (S1G4?), and Marsilea vestita (S1G5). Compared to floristic inventories of sites in the Cimarron Gypsum Hills that are less impacted by public visitation, but more intensively grazed, Alabaster Caverns State Park has a higher number of species as well as a higher proportion of introduced species.
{"title":"Vascular Flora of Alabaster Caverns State Park, Cimarron Gypsum Hills, Woodward County,Oklahoma","authors":"G. Caddell, K. Rice","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100091","url":null,"abstract":"Alabaster Caverns State Park is located in the Cimarron Gypsum Hills of northwestern Oklahoma, a semi-arid region of the state. The majority of the park is dominated by mixed-grass prairie and gypsum outcrops, with some riparian habitat and wooded north-facing slopes. A vascular plant inventory conducted from 2004 through 2007 yielded 274 species in 199 genera and 66 families. The largest families were the Poaceae (52 species), Asteraceae (47), and Fabaceae (23). There were 100 annuals, 6 biennials, and 163 perennials, as well as 5 species that have more than one life history form. Forty-two species (15.3%) were not native to North America. Three taxa currently being tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory (2012) were present: Echinocereus reichenbachii (S3G5), Haploesthes greggii (S1G4?), and Marsilea vestita (S1G5). Compared to floristic inventories of sites in the Cimarron Gypsum Hills that are less impacted by public visitation, but more intensively grazed, Alabaster Caverns State Park has a higher number of species as well as a higher proportion of introduced species.","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"113 1","pages":"43-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68758061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100092
Bruce A. Smith
In October 2011, high school students from McLoud High School sampled an oak forest in Earlsboro, Pottawatomie County. In July, 2012, students in the Pre-collegiate Field Studies Camp at the University of Oklahoma Biological Station sampled the Marshall County forest at the Buncombe Creek camp ground, located approximately 100 miles south of the Earlsboro forest and 1 mile north of the University of Oklahoma Biological Station. One component of each botany course was to study the composition and structure of an oak forest. These 2 forests were chosen to compare because of their similarity in composition and physical distance apart. They found 10 hardwood species in the Marshall County forest and 9 in the Pottawatomie County forest, with 6 species common to both. Quercus stellata was most important in both forests and most frequent in the Pottawatomie forest where the total density was 0.141/m 2 . Quercus stellata and Ulmus alata were most frequent in the Marshall County forest where the total density was 0.107/m 2 .
{"title":"A COMPARISON OF THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF TWO OAK FORESTS IN MARSHALL AND POTTAWATOMIE COUNTIES","authors":"Bruce A. Smith","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100092","url":null,"abstract":"In October 2011, high school students from McLoud High School sampled an oak forest in Earlsboro, Pottawatomie County. In July, 2012, students in the Pre-collegiate Field Studies Camp at the University of Oklahoma Biological Station sampled the Marshall County forest at the Buncombe Creek camp ground, located approximately 100 miles south of the Earlsboro forest and 1 mile north of the University of Oklahoma Biological Station. One component of each botany course was to study the composition and structure of an oak forest. These 2 forests were chosen to compare because of their similarity in composition and physical distance apart. They found 10 hardwood species in the Marshall County forest and 9 in the Pottawatomie County forest, with 6 species common to both. Quercus stellata was most important in both forests and most frequent in the Pottawatomie forest where the total density was 0.141/m 2 . Quercus stellata and Ulmus alata were most frequent in the Marshall County forest where the total density was 0.107/m 2 .","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"12 1","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68758123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.22488/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100093
W. Elisens
(First paragraph of article.) These are exciting times for natural history collections. An international effort is underway to make images and data of biological specimens available in electronic format via digitization. These initiatives are an effort to bring natural history collections out of the dark of museum and herbarium cabinets and into the light of public access for use by stakeholders in government, academia, biodiversity organizations, business, and K-12 education. The democratization of information contained in natural history collections through images and online databases is an important new development to better investigate our natural world and solve important social and environmental problems (Scoble 2010).
{"title":"Critic's Choice Essay: Virtual Herbaria Come of Age","authors":"W. Elisens","doi":"10.22488/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100093","url":null,"abstract":"(First paragraph of article.) These are exciting times for natural history collections. An international effort is underway to make images and data of biological specimens available in electronic format via digitization. These initiatives are an effort to bring natural history collections out of the dark of museum and herbarium cabinets and into the light of public access for use by stakeholders in government, academia, biodiversity organizations, business, and K-12 education. The democratization of information contained in natural history collections through images and online databases is an important new development to better investigate our natural world and solve important social and environmental problems (Scoble 2010).","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"12 1","pages":"69-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68755184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100089
Marilyn A. Semtner
Historically, plant distribution typically has been studied with the purpose of learning why a species grows and survives where it does; but why a species does not survive in a particular habitat has rarely been studied, although it may be just as important. According to the US Department of Agriculture, Johnsongrass [ Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.; formerly Johnson grass] is listed as an agricultural pest in most states south of the 42 nd parallel. Control of Johnsongrass in agricultural fields involves various labor intensive cultural, mechanical, and chemical means. Release of a bio-control agent has not been suitable for intensively cropped areas. An agriculturally important weed and prominent member of early stage secondary succession, Johnsongrass is not present in later stages of prairie succession. Various environmental factors (biotic and abiotic) that might be involved in restricting Johnsongrass survival were examined in this research. In two sites in Oklahoma, soil conditions were found to be more favorable for survival and growth of Johnsongrass in undisturbed prairie than in the disturbed areas in which Johnsongrass was found vigorously growing. However, even when its rhizomes were introduced into mature prairie, Johnsongrass did not thrive. In laboratory and field trials, presence of the living dominant prairie grasses or leachate from living or dead leaf blades seemed to influence growth and survival of Johnsongrass rhizomes. The prairie grasses, little bluestem [ Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash] and Indian grass [ Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], seem to play a similar allelopathic role in restricting the growth of Johnsongrass to outside of the prairies. Looking at this past study might lead to new methods for the future. (Semtner 2012)
{"title":"Possible Mechanisms of the Exclusion of Johnson Grass by Tall Grass Prairies","authors":"Marilyn A. Semtner","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100089","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, plant distribution typically has been studied with the purpose of learning why a species grows and survives where it does; but why a species does not survive in a particular habitat has rarely been studied, although it may be just as important. According to the US Department of Agriculture, Johnsongrass [ Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.; formerly Johnson grass] is listed as an agricultural pest in most states south of the 42 nd parallel. Control of Johnsongrass in agricultural fields involves various labor intensive cultural, mechanical, and chemical means. Release of a bio-control agent has not been suitable for intensively cropped areas. An agriculturally important weed and prominent member of early stage secondary succession, Johnsongrass is not present in later stages of prairie succession. Various environmental factors (biotic and abiotic) that might be involved in restricting Johnsongrass survival were examined in this research. In two sites in Oklahoma, soil conditions were found to be more favorable for survival and growth of Johnsongrass in undisturbed prairie than in the disturbed areas in which Johnsongrass was found vigorously growing. However, even when its rhizomes were introduced into mature prairie, Johnsongrass did not thrive. In laboratory and field trials, presence of the living dominant prairie grasses or leachate from living or dead leaf blades seemed to influence growth and survival of Johnsongrass rhizomes. The prairie grasses, little bluestem [ Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash] and Indian grass [ Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], seem to play a similar allelopathic role in restricting the growth of Johnsongrass to outside of the prairies. Looking at this past study might lead to new methods for the future. (Semtner 2012)","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"12 1","pages":"4-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68758032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100084
J. Linneman, M. S. Allen, M. Palmer
We studied species composition after Juniperus virginiana tree and litter removal in a central Oklahoma grassland. Tree removal had the most significant effect on stems per quadrat and vegetation cover. Litter removal effects were not as strong. However, stems per quadrat and vegetation cover in litter removal treatments were higher than in litter intact treatments. Species richness increased for all treatments in the first year post-treatment, after which species richness declined at every sampling period and in every treatment for the duration of the study. Absolute cover of typical prairie species increased in the cut with no litter treatment hereas cover of woody forest species increased in the no cut with no litter treatment. We suggest that even without prescribed fire, redcedar tree removal may result in a return of prairie vegetation. However, additional efforts besides tree removal may be required to restore some invaded grasslands.
{"title":"The Effects of Removal of Juniperus virginiana L. Trees and Litter from a Central Oklahoma Grassland","authors":"J. Linneman, M. S. Allen, M. Palmer","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100084","url":null,"abstract":"We studied species composition after Juniperus virginiana tree and litter removal in a central Oklahoma grassland. Tree removal had the most significant effect on stems per quadrat and vegetation cover. Litter removal effects were not as strong. However, stems per quadrat and vegetation cover in litter removal treatments were higher than in litter intact treatments. Species richness increased for all treatments in the first year post-treatment, after which species richness declined at every sampling period and in every treatment for the duration of the study. Absolute cover of typical prairie species increased in the cut with no litter treatment hereas cover of woody forest species increased in the no cut with no litter treatment. We suggest that even without prescribed fire, redcedar tree removal may result in a return of prairie vegetation. However, additional efforts besides tree removal may be required to restore some invaded grasslands.","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"11 1","pages":"43-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68758165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100082
Marian Smith, P. Mckenzie
Schoenoplectus hallii, S. saximontanus, and the putative S. hallii × S. saximontanus hybrid are obligate wetland sedges that occur in the sparsely vegetated margins of ponds, ditches or swales with fluctuating water levels. The species are amphicarpic and have easily identified differences between spikelet and basal achenes. We surveyed selected sites at the refuge in 2001, 2002, and 2007 – 2010, surveyed 4 sites on the Fort Sill Military Reservation in 2009 and 2010, and collected voucher specimens from all populations. Scanning Electron Microsope (SEM) photographs of spikelet and basal achenes indicate distinct morphological differences between species and the presence of “winged” ridges on S. saximontanus. Field observations indicated that populations at all sites vary in size and species distribution annually, and that both parental species appeared to be declining in number. We concluded that in populations where S. hallii and S. saximontanus co-occur, hybridization may be a threat to one or both parental species. The distribution of achenes by waterfowl and ungulates indicates that management to prevent establishment of mixed populations, and therefore hybridization, is not practical. We recommend that S. hallii be evaluated for federal listing under the Endangered Species Act, a range-wide assessment be completed for S. saximontanus, and that all sites with mixed populations should be examined for the presence of hybrids.
Schoenoplectus hallii、S. saximontanus和推定的S. hallii × S. saximontanus杂交植物是专性湿地莎草，生长在水位波动的池塘、沟渠或洼地植被稀疏的边缘。该物种是两性的，很容易识别出小穗和基生瘦果之间的差异。我们分别于2001年、2002年和2007年至2010年对保护区的选定地点进行了调查，并于2009年和2010年对斯蒂尔堡军事保留地的4个地点进行了调查，并收集了所有种群的代金券标本。小穗和基部瘦果的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片显示了不同种间的明显形态差异，以及saxximontanus上“翅”脊的存在。野外观察表明，各地点的种群规模和种类分布每年都有变化，亲本种群数量均呈下降趋势。我们的结论是，在哈利沙螨和萨希蒙沙螨共存的种群中，杂交可能对一个或两个亲本物种构成威胁。瘦果在水禽和有蹄类动物中的分布表明，防止混合种群的建立和杂交的管理是不现实的。我们建议根据《濒危物种法》对哈利沙蚤进行联邦名单评估，对萨西蒙沙蚤进行范围范围的评估，并对所有混合种群的地点进行杂交检查。
{"title":"Schoenoplectus hallii, S. saximontanus, and the Putative S. hallii X S. saximontanus Hybrid: Observations from the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge and the Fort Sill Military Reservation 2002 - 2010","authors":"Marian Smith, P. Mckenzie","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100082","url":null,"abstract":"Schoenoplectus hallii, S. saximontanus, and the putative S. hallii × S. saximontanus hybrid are obligate wetland sedges that occur in the sparsely vegetated margins of ponds, ditches or swales with fluctuating water levels. The species are amphicarpic and have easily identified differences between spikelet and basal achenes. We surveyed selected sites at the refuge in 2001, 2002, and 2007 – 2010, surveyed 4 sites on the Fort Sill Military Reservation in 2009 and 2010, and collected voucher specimens from all populations. Scanning Electron Microsope (SEM) photographs of spikelet and basal achenes indicate distinct morphological differences between species and the presence of “winged” ridges on S. saximontanus. Field observations indicated that populations at all sites vary in size and species distribution annually, and that both parental species appeared to be declining in number. We concluded that in populations where S. hallii and S. saximontanus co-occur, hybridization may be a threat to one or both parental species. The distribution of achenes by waterfowl and ungulates indicates that management to prevent establishment of mixed populations, and therefore hybridization, is not practical. We recommend that S. hallii be evaluated for federal listing under the Endangered Species Act, a range-wide assessment be completed for S. saximontanus, and that all sites with mixed populations should be examined for the presence of hybrids.","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"139 1","pages":"22-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68757706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100085
Richard E. Thomas, B. Hoagland
Prior to Euro-American settlement, the Cross Timbers of the Southern Plains marked the edge of “civilization,” beyond which lay a prairie ecosystem ruled primarily by Plains Indian tribes. War, trade, and pasture for cattle brought an increased Euro-American presence by the middle of the 19th century. In the early 1870s a large portion of what was to become the state of Oklahoma was surveyed by the General Land Office (GLO). Although these surveys were not conducted for ecological purposes, they have provided information on pre-settlement vegetation that has been invaluable for researchers seeking to reconstruct the historical landscape. Perhaps the most beneficial information for historical ecologists and biogeographers comes from data on bearing trees recorded by GLO surveyors, which have given present-day researchers a good idea of the species composition of Cross Timbers forests during this time. When compared to modern studies of the Cross Timbers, it documents a change in species composition over time, believed to be the result of fire suppression and perhaps the beginning of a wetter climate cycle. In central Oklahoma, this has meant a shift from forests dominated by Quercus marilandica and Quercus stellata (with the former being more abundant) to forests containing an equal abundance of these two species, and an increase in Carya texana, Juniperus virginiana, and other mesophytic and invasive woody species.
{"title":"The Changing Forests of Central Oklahoma: A Look at the Composition of the Cross Timbers Prior to Euro-American Settlement, in the 1950's, and Today","authors":"Richard E. Thomas, B. Hoagland","doi":"10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100085","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to Euro-American settlement, the Cross Timbers of the Southern Plains marked the edge of “civilization,” beyond which lay a prairie ecosystem ruled primarily by Plains Indian tribes. War, trade, and pasture for cattle brought an increased Euro-American presence by the middle of the 19th century. In the early 1870s a large portion of what was to become the state of Oklahoma was surveyed by the General Land Office (GLO). Although these surveys were not conducted for ecological purposes, they have provided information on pre-settlement vegetation that has been invaluable for researchers seeking to reconstruct the historical landscape. Perhaps the most beneficial information for historical ecologists and biogeographers comes from data on bearing trees recorded by GLO surveyors, which have given present-day researchers a good idea of the species composition of Cross Timbers forests during this time. When compared to modern studies of the Cross Timbers, it documents a change in species composition over time, believed to be the result of fire suppression and perhaps the beginning of a wetter climate cycle. In central Oklahoma, this has meant a shift from forests dominated by Quercus marilandica and Quercus stellata (with the former being more abundant) to forests containing an equal abundance of these two species, and an increase in Carya texana, Juniperus virginiana, and other mesophytic and invasive woody species.","PeriodicalId":32630,"journal":{"name":"Oklahoma Native Plant Record","volume":"11 1","pages":"61-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68757781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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