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OKLAHOMA DECIDUOUS TREES DIFFER IN CHILLING ENHANCEMENT OF BUDBURST 俄克拉何马州的落叶树在芽的冷却增强方面有所不同
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100104
S. Rice, Sonya L. Ross
In many tree species, winter chilling accelerates budburst in response to spring warmth. Global climate change has already accelerated budburst in deciduous tree species around the world. But as global climate change leads to milder winters, tree species also experience less chilling, which may actually delay spring budburst in some species. We hypothesized that reduced duration of winter chilling would delay spring budburst in sycamore ( Platanus occidentalis ) and pecan ( Carya illinoinensis ), but would not delay it in sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua ). We tested this hypothesis experimentally by manipulating the number of weeks of chilling from 0 to 6 weeks. Lack of winter chilling did not delay budburst in sweetgum but did delay it in sycamore and pecan, in agreement with the hypothesis. Mild winters in Oklahoma may eventually favor the growth of sweetgums at the expense of sycamores and pecans.
在许多树种中,冬季的寒冷加速了芽的发芽,以响应春季的温暖。全球气候变化已经加速了世界各地落叶树种的发芽。但随着全球气候变化导致冬季变暖,树木也会经历更少的寒冷,这实际上可能会推迟一些物种的春季发芽。我们假设,冬季降温时间的缩短会延迟梧桐(Platanus occidentalis)和山核桃(Carya illinensis)的春蕾,但不会延迟甜桉(Liquidambar styraciflua)的春蕾。我们通过实验验证了这一假设,将冷冻的周数从0周调整到6周。缺乏冬季的寒冷并没有延迟甜桉树的发芽,但却延迟了梧桐和山核桃的发芽,这与假设一致。俄克拉何马州的暖冬可能最终有利于甘蔗的生长,而牺牲了梧桐树和山核桃的生长。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping Distribution in Oklahoma and Raising Awareness: Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora), and Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) 俄克拉何马州的地图分布及提高认识:紫色松花(Lythrum salicaria)、多花玫瑰(Rosa Multiflora)和日本金银花(Lonicera japonica)
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100105
K. Keil, K. Hickman
This paper includes updated Oklahoma distribution maps and informational fact sheets for purple loosestrife, multiflora rose, and Japanese honeysuckle to promote awareness of invasive plant issues. The current information on the Internet contains discrepancies concerning the county-level distribution data of these three invasive plants in Oklahoma. To gain a more accurate dataset, the authors created a survey and sent it to Oklahoma State University Extension Educators, Master Gardeners, Oklahoma Association of Conservation Districts, and other knowledgeable, credible parties across Oklahoma. Once survey data were compiled, 3 distribution maps were created and 6 unique fact sheets were produced with the updated information. From the 22 survey responses, 7 new county records were documented and mapped. Two new sightings were documented for purple loosestrife in Canadian County and Rogers County; 4 new sightings were documented for multiflora rose in the counties of Atoka, Johnston, Payne, and Pushmataha; and 1 new sighting was documented for Japanese honeysuckle in Garfield County. The findings in this research detail the need for updated distribution maps and increased education to prevent the spread of problem species and provide the public with methods of eradication.
本文包括更新俄克拉何马州的分布地图和紫色松花、多花玫瑰和日本金银花的信息概况,以提高对入侵植物问题的认识。目前互联网上的信息包含了俄克拉何马州这三种入侵植物的县级分布数据的差异。为了获得更准确的数据集,作者创建了一项调查,并将其发送给俄克拉荷马州立大学推广教育工作者、园艺大师、俄克拉荷马州保护区协会以及俄克拉荷马州其他知识渊博、可信的团体。一旦汇编了调查数据,就制作了3张分布图,并根据最新信息制作了6份独特的情况介绍。从22份调查回复中,记录并绘制了7份新的县记录。在加拿大县和罗杰斯县发现了两种新的紫松花;在阿托卡县、约翰斯顿县、佩恩县和普什玛塔哈县发现了4个新的多植物区玫瑰;加菲尔德县新发现金银花1例。这项研究的发现详细说明了更新分布图和加强教育的必要性,以防止问题物种的传播,并为公众提供根除方法。
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引用次数: 3
Critic's Choice Essay: Pollination Ecology of Our Native Prairie Plants 评论家选择文章:我国本土草原植物的授粉生态学
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100107
G. Caddell
The Oklahoma prairie in the summer is an ideal place and time to study pollination ecology. With its "cornucopia" pattern of flowering, where many plants flower synchronously, it has many flowers available every day. This past summer at the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation's Arcadia Conservation Education Area, Dr. Rebecca Pace, an entomologist, and I taught a course in pollination ecology for the University of Central Oklahoma.
夏季的俄克拉何马大草原是研究授粉生态学的理想地点和时间。凭借其“聚宝盆”的开花模式,许多植物同时开花,每天都有许多花朵可供使用。去年夏天,在俄克拉何马州野生动物保护部门的阿卡迪亚保护教育区,昆虫学家丽贝卡·佩斯博士和我在俄克拉何马中央大学教授了一门授粉生态学课程。
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引用次数: 1
Flora of Kiowa County, Oklahoma 俄克拉荷马州基奥瓦县的弗洛拉
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100102
Lottie Opal Baldock
This paper presents the results of taxonomic and ecological studies of the plants of Kiowa County, Oklahoma. The collections were begun in 1933 and continued until the summer of 1938; however, little intensive collecting was done until the spring and summer of 1938. The Flora of Kiowa County, Oklahoma includes six species of pteridophytes, one species of gymnosperms, and 489 species of angiosperms. More than one third of these are in Compositae, Gramineae, and Leguminosae. There are 81 families represented. The 11 largest families, with the number of species are Compositae, 86; Gramineae, 58; Leguminosae, 41; Onagraceae, 17; Euphorbiaceae, 16; Cruciferae, 16; Polygonaceae, and Solanaceae, 12 each; Asclepiadaceae, Cyperaceae, and Labiatae, 11 each. The three largest families comprise 37.4 per cent of the total number of species.  [Species names used in the original thesis which appear in brackets have been updated using the USDA Plants Database.]
本文介绍了俄克拉何马州基奥瓦县植物的分类和生态学研究结果。收藏始于1933年,一直持续到1938年夏天;然而,在1938年春夏之前,几乎没有进行密集的收集工作。俄克拉荷马州基奥瓦县的植物区系包括6种蕨类植物、1种裸子植物和489种被子植物。其中超过三分之一属于菊科、禾本科和豆科。共有81个家庭参加。最大的11科,种类有:菊科86种;禾本科,58;豆科,41岁;柳叶菜科,17;大戟科、16;十字花科,16;蓼科和茄科各12个;Asclepiadaceae, Cyperaceae和Labiatae各11个。最大的三个科占物种总数的37.4%。[原论文中括号内的物种名称已使用美国农业部植物数据库更新。]
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引用次数: 0
GARDENS OF YESTERYEAR 昔日的花园
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100103
S. Gordon
Begun as a response to a request to develop a historically accurate museum garden representing home gardens before and after Oklahoma's statehood in 1907, research reported in this article describes both native and non-native plants cultivated in gardens in Northeast Oklahoma, Southwest Missouri, Southeast Kansas, and Northwest Arkansas between 1841 and 1930. Much of the evidence of the diversity of plants grown in home gardens by Native Americans who were moved here and homesteaders who settled here is found in historic records that have only recently been digitized for global accessibility.
这篇文章的研究报告描述了1841年至1930年间俄克拉何马州东北部、密苏里州西南部、堪萨斯州东南部和阿肯色州西北部花园中种植的原生和非原生植物,这是对1907年俄克拉何马州建立前后家庭花园的要求的回应。迁移到这里的美洲原住民和定居在这里的自垦人在家庭花园里种植的植物多样性的证据,大部分都可以在历史记录中找到,这些记录直到最近才被数字化,以便全球查阅。
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引用次数: 0
Non-Twining Milkweed Vines of Oklahoma: An Overview of Matelea biflora and Matelea cynanchoides (Apocynaceae) 俄克拉荷马州的非双生Milkweed葡萄园:双花Matelea和夹竹桃Matelea(夹竹桃科)概述
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100106
Angela J. McDonnell
Matelea (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) is a genus of approximately 225 species in milkweed subtribe Gonolobinae. This New World genus is predominantly found in tropical to subtropical regions and is represented in Oklahoma by four species. Two of these, M. biflora and M. cynanchoides, are closely related, non-twining perennial herbs that have long confused amateur and professional botanists alike due to similar morphological features. This paper includes a brief review of their taxonomic history and describes the morphology, ecology, and distribution of these species in Oklahoma and neighboring states. Photographs, a distribution map, and a key to the species of Matelea in Oklahoma are included.
乳草属(麻麻科,麻麻科)是乳草亚科中约225种的一个属。这个新世界属主要分布在热带到亚热带地区,在俄克拉何马州有四种。其中的两种,双歧草和cynanchoides,是密切相关的,不缠绕的多年生草本植物,由于相似的形态特征,长期以来一直困扰着业余和专业植物学家。本文简要回顾了它们的分类历史,并描述了这些物种在俄克拉何马州和邻近州的形态、生态和分布。包括照片、分布图和俄克拉何马州Matelea物种的钥匙。
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引用次数: 6
Complete Volume 13 完整第13卷
Pub Date : 2014-01-26 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100094
Sheila A. Strawn
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引用次数: 0
Ecology and Taxonomy of Water Canyon, Canadian County, Oklahoma, Master's Thesis, University of Oklahoma 1961 [Revised 2013] 水峡谷的生态学和分类学,加拿大县,俄克拉何马州,硕士论文,俄克拉何马大学1961年[2013年修订]
Pub Date : 2014-01-26 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100096
C. Taylor
Numerous canyons have been cut into the Rush Springs Sandstone of Permian age in West Central Oklahoma and subsequently refilled. Some of these canyons have been partly exposed by erosion of the sediment fill. Fossils collected indicate the canyon fill is sub-Pleistocene to geologically recent. The microclimate of these canyons is more mesic compared to the dryer prairie uplands. Sugar maple ( Acer saccharum ) persists there, far west of its other locations in very eastern Oklahoma. Beginning in 1932 several of these sediment-filled canyons began a process of rapid erosion, exposing the rock walls of the canyons. This study is a comparison of Water Canyon and two of its branches: Water Branch Canyon, a stable canyon wooded with mature vegetation including sugar maple and Activity Branch Canyon, a newly excavated canyon branch that began eroding after excessive rainfall in 1932. This study was completed in 1960. Six transects are used to show the distribution of the 233 plant species found in the Water Canyon complex. Herbaceous species generally were unique to each canyon type.
俄克拉荷马州中西部二叠纪时期的拉什泉砂岩被切割成许多峡谷,随后又被填满。其中一些峡谷由于沉积物的侵蚀而部分暴露出来。所收集的化石表明峡谷填充物为次更新世至地质近代期。与干燥的草原高地相比,这些峡谷的小气候更为温和。糖枫(Acer saccharum)在俄克拉何马州东部其他地区的西部仍然存在。从1932年开始,这些充满沉积物的峡谷开始了快速的侵蚀过程,露出了峡谷的岩壁。本研究是对Water Canyon和它的两个分支进行比较:一个是Water Branch Canyon,它是一个稳定的峡谷,生长着包括糖枫在内的成熟植被,另一个是Activity Branch Canyon,它是一个新挖掘的峡谷分支,在1932年过度降雨后开始受到侵蚀。这项研究完成于1960年。六个样带显示了在水峡谷建筑群中发现的233种植物的分布。草本物种一般是每种峡谷类型所特有的。
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引用次数: 0
A Cavalcade of Field Botanists in Oklahoma - Contributors to Our Knowledge of the Flora of Oklahoma 俄克拉何马州一群野外植物学家——俄克拉何马州植物群知识的贡献者
Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100099
R. J. Tyrl, Paula A. Shryock
(First two paragraphs of an amazing article.) As members of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society (ONPS) well know, Oklahoma has a tremendous diversity of vascular plants—174 families, 854 genera, and approximately 2,600 species—that reflects the ecogeographic diversity present within the state’s borders (Tyrl et al. 2008). Our knowledge of this flora is the result of contributions by numerous individuals for more than 450 years. Some simply recorded their observations of the state’s flora as they passed through; whereas, others made systematic surveys and documented their work by actually collecting plants for voucher specimens to be deposited in herbaria. These individuals and the contributions that they have made to our knowledge of the plants and vegetation of Oklahoma are the subject of this essay. Its title and concept are rooted in a presidential address given by H.I. Featherly in 1942 to the Oklahoma Academy of Science and a master’s thesis by Wanona Henson, one of his graduate students (Henson 1941; Featherly 1943). We have unabashedly adopted their approach and excerpted some of their thoughts about the state’s first field botanists in our synopses. As they did, we present our individuals more or less chronologically. Each synopsis comprises a brief biographical sketch and the botanical contribution(s) they made. When specific plants are cited, currently accepted scientific names are used unless otherwise noted. Common names are taken from Taylor and Taylor (1994), Tyrl and coworkers (2008), Folley (2011), and USDA, NRCS (2013).
(这是一篇精彩文章的前两段。)俄克拉何马州本土植物协会(ONPS)的成员都知道,俄克拉何马州的维管植物种类繁多——174科,854属,约2600种——这反映了该州边界内的生态地理多样性(Tyrl等人,2008)。我们对这一植物群的认识是450多年来许多人贡献的结果。有些人只是简单地记录了他们经过该州时对植物群的观察;而另一些人则进行了系统的调查,并通过实际收集植物作为保存在植物标本室的凭证标本来记录他们的工作。这些人以及他们对我们了解俄克拉何马州的植物和植被所作的贡献是本文的主题。它的名称和概念源于H.I.费瑟利1942年在俄克拉何马科学院的一次总统演讲,以及他的研究生之一瓦诺娜·汉森的一篇硕士论文(汉森1941;羽毛1943)。我们毫不掩饰地采用了他们的方法,并在我们的摘要中摘录了他们对该州第一批野外植物学家的一些想法。正如他们所做的那样,我们或多或少地按时间顺序呈现我们的个人。每个简介包括一个简短的传记草图和他们在植物学上的贡献。当引用特定植物时,除非另有说明,否则使用当前公认的科学名称。常用名称取自Taylor and Taylor(1994)、Tyrl and coworkers(2008)、Folley(2011)和USDA、NRCS(2013)。
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引用次数: 2
Smoke-Induced Germination in Phacelia Strictaflora 烟熏诱导硬花葡萄发芽研究
Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.22488/OKSTATE.17.100098
S. Rice, Sonya L. Ross
Seedlings of Phacelia strictiflora A.L. de Jussieu (Hydrophyllaceae) germinate profusely after major fires in the Cross Timbers forest of Oklahoma and rarely at other times and places. Seed germination was greatly enhanced under laboratory conditions by exposure to a water suspension of smoke chemicals. This is the first report of smoke enhancement of germination in a native Oklahoma plant species. Many plant species grow abundantly after disturbances including fires, but smoke enhancement of germination allows P. strictiflora to grow abundantly after fires and only rarely after other kinds of disturbance.
在俄克拉何马州的Cross timber森林中,水叶科的Phacelia strictiflora A.L. de Jussieu的幼苗在大火后大量发芽,而在其他时间和地点很少发芽。在实验室条件下,暴露于烟雾化学物质的水悬浮液大大提高了种子的萌发。这是在俄克拉何马州原生植物中首次报道烟雾促进发芽。许多植物物种在受到包括火灾在内的干扰后大量生长,但烟雾增强发芽使严格草在火灾后大量生长,而在其他类型的干扰后很少生长。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Oklahoma Native Plant Record
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