The purpose of this article is to highlight the cultural and environmental erosions in Bali caused by the effects of globalization through mass tourism, worldwide communication, international fashion and culinary as well as other aspects of modernity. Bali is not only inundated by countless hotels, malls, restaurants and never-ending concrete roads that clutter the once unique rice terraces and breathtaking vistas to fulfill the needs of the ever growing influx of mass tourism but is also suffers erosion of its age long tradition and heritage due to the same external threats. These foreign onslaught have posed negative impacts on the biocultural diversity of this small island of some 3 million inhabitants who have to bear the brunt of a mass tourist invasion of more than twice its population.The Balinese has potent traditional ecological knowledge (tek) and a philosophy of life called Tri Hita Karana that can deter those negative influences, because their philosophy of life forms a sacred balance as a basis to face all life challenges. However, to what extent and for how long can they be staved off is another question that this article aims to analyze and provide some provoking thoughts. Keywords: Bali, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Tri Hita Karana, Sacred Balance. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/59-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2020
{"title":"BALI – A Traditional Society in Transformation","authors":"A. Agung, R. Suprina, A. Nugroho","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/59-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/59-03","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to highlight the cultural and environmental erosions in Bali caused by the effects of globalization through mass tourism, worldwide communication, international fashion and culinary as well as other aspects of modernity. Bali is not only inundated by countless hotels, malls, restaurants and never-ending concrete roads that clutter the once unique rice terraces and breathtaking vistas to fulfill the needs of the ever growing influx of mass tourism but is also suffers erosion of its age long tradition and heritage due to the same external threats. These foreign onslaught have posed negative impacts on the biocultural diversity of this small island of some 3 million inhabitants who have to bear the brunt of a mass tourist invasion of more than twice its population.The Balinese has potent traditional ecological knowledge (tek) and a philosophy of life called Tri Hita Karana that can deter those negative influences, because their philosophy of life forms a sacred balance as a basis to face all life challenges. However, to what extent and for how long can they be staved off is another question that this article aims to analyze and provide some provoking thoughts. Keywords: Bali, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Tri Hita Karana, Sacred Balance. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/59-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"348 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122156410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coffee is one of the most important agriculture commodities in the world. Ethiopia had been the origin of coffee, because coffee plant was initially found and cultivated in the Kafa province, colonized the world with its natural significance. Globally, coffee plays a significant economic role and serves as a major source of foreign earnings in many producing countries. The importance of coffee is embedded within the growing culture of attraction to the socio-economic significance intrinsic to it. Despite the wild perceptions many agree that coffee has less support to its homeland opposite to its global scenario. Most International reports confirms that the performance of coffee sector in home land has got insignificant, but with better attributes for prosperity with undiscovered reasons. Therefore, this paper aimed to see the role of coffee as driver of economic development and socio-cultural integration in Ethiopia. Archival documents were collected from different national and international reports, research findings and other relevant statistics were used to triangulate and cover the gaps. For collected data mixed data analysis methods were employed, where by after detail description of the data conclusions were made and targeted recommendations were forwarded as well. The study confirmed that even though it was/is economically the leading agricultural commodity, due to low production and productivity in relation to traditional agricultural practice, coffee didn’t boosted the national economy of the country as it does in other producing countries. Ironic to this, coffee nationally come up with livelihood base of coffee dependent peoples, served as media of local communication and socio-cultural integration, the only commodity commonly consumed and gathered in ceremony throughout the country in particular and in the spoken by the same sound (word) in the world. Therefore, in order to balance the socio-cultural value of coffee at hand with the economic one all effort on harnessing the prevailing potential of increased production and quality of coffee, working in the value chain – winning uniqueness through branding as land of origin and working on institutional competency and quality delivery was highly recommended. Keywords: Coffee; Economic Development, Socio-cultural Integration; Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/61-01 Publication date: September 30 th 2020
{"title":"COFFEE: The Driver of Economic Development and Socio-Cultural Integration in Ethiopia","authors":"B. Taye","doi":"10.7176/dcs/10-5-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/dcs/10-5-02","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee is one of the most important agriculture commodities in the world. Ethiopia had been the origin of coffee, because coffee plant was initially found and cultivated in the Kafa province, colonized the world with its natural significance. Globally, coffee plays a significant economic role and serves as a major source of foreign earnings in many producing countries. The importance of coffee is embedded within the growing culture of attraction to the socio-economic significance intrinsic to it. Despite the wild perceptions many agree that coffee has less support to its homeland opposite to its global scenario. Most International reports confirms that the performance of coffee sector in home land has got insignificant, but with better attributes for prosperity with undiscovered reasons. Therefore, this paper aimed to see the role of coffee as driver of economic development and socio-cultural integration in Ethiopia. Archival documents were collected from different national and international reports, research findings and other relevant statistics were used to triangulate and cover the gaps. For collected data mixed data analysis methods were employed, where by after detail description of the data conclusions were made and targeted recommendations were forwarded as well. The study confirmed that even though it was/is economically the leading agricultural commodity, due to low production and productivity in relation to traditional agricultural practice, coffee didn’t boosted the national economy of the country as it does in other producing countries. Ironic to this, coffee nationally come up with livelihood base of coffee dependent peoples, served as media of local communication and socio-cultural integration, the only commodity commonly consumed and gathered in ceremony throughout the country in particular and in the spoken by the same sound (word) in the world. Therefore, in order to balance the socio-cultural value of coffee at hand with the economic one all effort on harnessing the prevailing potential of increased production and quality of coffee, working in the value chain – winning uniqueness through branding as land of origin and working on institutional competency and quality delivery was highly recommended. Keywords: Coffee; Economic Development, Socio-cultural Integration; Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/61-01 Publication date: September 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133052146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper has the objective to assess the indigenous cultural practices of child with disability rearing and handling practices of Gumuz society. The research was conducted in one of the traditional societies in which indigenous child rearing is highly observed that is the Gumuz community in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State of Mundura Woreda. Both primary and secondary data were employed in this study. Qualitative method of semi-structured, participant observation, informal discussion and focused group discussions were utilized for primary data gathering. More over literature reviews, books, magazines and related researches were also used as secondary sources of data for the study. Eight kebeles’ from the Woreda were selected purposively and a total of 85 respondents participated in this study. Men and women farmers who have a child with disability, community elders, and Gumuz teachers were included. Findings of the study show that there are various cultural practices in Gumuz community of child with disability rearing and handling practice, discrimination of children with disabilities and their parents, segregation of children with disability during child playing, domestic violence (pinching, beating, and physical punishment) are the major cultural practices that put children with disabilities at a lower status in Gumuz community. Furthermore, lack of awareness about the importance of education for children with disabilities is also another factor that puts children with disabilities in a lesser rank. Keywords/phrases: Disability, Child rearing, Child handling DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/58-03 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
{"title":"Rearing and Handling Children with Disability in Gumuz Culture: The Case of Mandura Woreda, Ethiopia","authors":"Zeleke Berie","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/58-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/58-03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper has the objective to assess the indigenous cultural practices of child with disability rearing and handling practices of Gumuz society. The research was conducted in one of the traditional societies in which indigenous child rearing is highly observed that is the Gumuz community in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State of Mundura Woreda. Both primary and secondary data were employed in this study. Qualitative method of semi-structured, participant observation, informal discussion and focused group discussions were utilized for primary data gathering. More over literature reviews, books, magazines and related researches were also used as secondary sources of data for the study. Eight kebeles’ from the Woreda were selected purposively and a total of 85 respondents participated in this study. Men and women farmers who have a child with disability, community elders, and Gumuz teachers were included. Findings of the study show that there are various cultural practices in Gumuz community of child with disability rearing and handling practice, discrimination of children with disabilities and their parents, segregation of children with disability during child playing, domestic violence (pinching, beating, and physical punishment) are the major cultural practices that put children with disabilities at a lower status in Gumuz community. Furthermore, lack of awareness about the importance of education for children with disabilities is also another factor that puts children with disabilities in a lesser rank. Keywords/phrases: Disability, Child rearing, Child handling DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/58-03 Publication date: April 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124408584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Though local governance was introduced by the Ethiopian government in the post 1991, much of the study so far focused on exploring its performance. However, public private partnership (PPP) as an integral part and important way of advancing the objectives of local governance is little studies. This study, applying the basic principles of local governance, assessed public private partnership in the context of local governance structure. The core issue is that PPP is a reflex of local governance functions. Unfortunately, local governance has been in infant stages in that the local governments are the mere political and economic agents of the federal or regional governments. Therefore, PPP has been very fractured and failed to bring strong partnership among various stakeholders. The local environment has been suffering from political insecurity, maladministration, corruption, and insufficient public participation. This made the partnership very limited. The alternative way is reconstituting the existing local governance in a way that builds the political and economic muscle of the local governance structure, with the community as the main decision makers. That is the panacea to bring effective PPP. Key w ords: Partnership, public private partnership, local governance, government DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/58-02 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
{"title":"Public-Private Partnership and Local Governance in the Post-Socialist Ethiopia","authors":"T. Worku","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/58-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/58-02","url":null,"abstract":"Though local governance was introduced by the Ethiopian government in the post 1991, much of the study so far focused on exploring its performance. However, public private partnership (PPP) as an integral part and important way of advancing the objectives of local governance is little studies. This study, applying the basic principles of local governance, assessed public private partnership in the context of local governance structure. The core issue is that PPP is a reflex of local governance functions. Unfortunately, local governance has been in infant stages in that the local governments are the mere political and economic agents of the federal or regional governments. Therefore, PPP has been very fractured and failed to bring strong partnership among various stakeholders. The local environment has been suffering from political insecurity, maladministration, corruption, and insufficient public participation. This made the partnership very limited. The alternative way is reconstituting the existing local governance in a way that builds the political and economic muscle of the local governance structure, with the community as the main decision makers. That is the panacea to bring effective PPP. Key w ords: Partnership, public private partnership, local governance, government DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/58-02 Publication date: April 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132685731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The AI delivery system in Ethiopia constrained with various technical, infrastructural and financial problems and thus it is said to be inefficient in terms of genetics and productivity improvement. A study conducted in 2017,2018 and 2019 in Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNPP) and Tigray regional states of the country to provide information on the impact of farmers’ and AI technicians characteristics that influence the adoption, utilization and efficiency of Artificial Insemination (AI) technology in Ethiopia. The overall mean age of AI technicians in the four studied regions was about 35 years. The total number of AI technicians in 2017/18 was 1,293 of which 93 (7.2%) were female. The engagement of women in the AI delivery system increased in 2017/18 from 1.8% to 7.2%. About 42% of the total AI technicians considered in this study trained for 45 days while the other 22%, 32%, and 7% trained for a period of three, six and nine months, respectively. AI technicians in the four study regions served as AI technician for an average of 8.17 years. Experience of AI technicians was positively correlated with the number of inseminations during regular (r=0.144), peak (r=0.159*) and off (r=0.219**) seasons. However, it was found to be negatively correlated with service per conception (r=-0.034). The average dairy farming household’s family size in the four studied regions was 6.18 persons per household. Total household income, income from livestock sale and livestock products was significantly different ( p <0.05) among the four regions. Keywords: Adoption, Experience, Extension, Households, DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/58-01 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
{"title":"Farmers’ and AI Technicians’ Characteristics and Their Impact on AI Technology Adoption, Utilization and Its Efficiency in Ethiopia","authors":"K. Melesse","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/58-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/58-01","url":null,"abstract":"The AI delivery system in Ethiopia constrained with various technical, infrastructural and financial problems and thus it is said to be inefficient in terms of genetics and productivity improvement. A study conducted in 2017,2018 and 2019 in Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNPP) and Tigray regional states of the country to provide information on the impact of farmers’ and AI technicians characteristics that influence the adoption, utilization and efficiency of Artificial Insemination (AI) technology in Ethiopia. The overall mean age of AI technicians in the four studied regions was about 35 years. The total number of AI technicians in 2017/18 was 1,293 of which 93 (7.2%) were female. The engagement of women in the AI delivery system increased in 2017/18 from 1.8% to 7.2%. About 42% of the total AI technicians considered in this study trained for 45 days while the other 22%, 32%, and 7% trained for a period of three, six and nine months, respectively. AI technicians in the four study regions served as AI technician for an average of 8.17 years. Experience of AI technicians was positively correlated with the number of inseminations during regular (r=0.144), peak (r=0.159*) and off (r=0.219**) seasons. However, it was found to be negatively correlated with service per conception (r=-0.034). The average dairy farming household’s family size in the four studied regions was 6.18 persons per household. Total household income, income from livestock sale and livestock products was significantly different ( p <0.05) among the four regions. Keywords: Adoption, Experience, Extension, Households, DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/58-01 Publication date: April 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127948675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research determines the effect of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) on the palm oil trade between China and Indonesia. This study discusses the analysis of the ACFTA and the effects on the economies of China and Indonesia. This research was analyzed using the gravity model and the analysis of the unit root test, lag selection criteria, co-integration, vector error correction model (VECM), long-run analysis test, short-run analysis test, and granger causality test using Eviews 8. The dependent variable used is palm oil export and independent variables include are Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real Exchange Rate (RER), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and dummy variable (ACFTA) for both countries using data of 28 years (1990-2017). The case of China, the results shows that there is a long-run relationship between palm oil export with GDP, RER, FDI, and ACFTA and the palm oil export has a short-run relationship with GDP, FDI, and ACFTA, and palm oil export is showing causality with GDP, RER, FDI, ACFTA. Meanwhile, in the case of Indonesia, there is no long-run relationship between palm oil export with GDP, RER, FDI, and ACFTA but there is has a short-run relationship between palm oil export with GDP and palm oil export is showing causality with GDP, RER, and FDI. The implementation of ACFTA on palm oil trade between China and Indonesia have positive impacts on both countries and increase bilateral trade flows. Keywords: China, Indonesia, ACFTA, Palm oil, Gravity model. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/58-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
{"title":"The Determinant Effect of ACFTA on Palm Oil Trade Between China and Indonesia","authors":"M. Ridwan","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/58-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/58-04","url":null,"abstract":"This research determines the effect of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) on the palm oil trade between China and Indonesia. This study discusses the analysis of the ACFTA and the effects on the economies of China and Indonesia. This research was analyzed using the gravity model and the analysis of the unit root test, lag selection criteria, co-integration, vector error correction model (VECM), long-run analysis test, short-run analysis test, and granger causality test using Eviews 8. The dependent variable used is palm oil export and independent variables include are Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real Exchange Rate (RER), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and dummy variable (ACFTA) for both countries using data of 28 years (1990-2017). The case of China, the results shows that there is a long-run relationship between palm oil export with GDP, RER, FDI, and ACFTA and the palm oil export has a short-run relationship with GDP, FDI, and ACFTA, and palm oil export is showing causality with GDP, RER, FDI, ACFTA. Meanwhile, in the case of Indonesia, there is no long-run relationship between palm oil export with GDP, RER, FDI, and ACFTA but there is has a short-run relationship between palm oil export with GDP and palm oil export is showing causality with GDP, RER, and FDI. The implementation of ACFTA on palm oil trade between China and Indonesia have positive impacts on both countries and increase bilateral trade flows. Keywords: China, Indonesia, ACFTA, Palm oil, Gravity model. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/58-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131322217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is an effort to highlight trends in Africa that are focusing on including youth in leadership and political participation. It banks on the premise that Africa has had its share of good leaders. In fact, leaders in the corporate and non-governmental sectors in Africa have been recognized across the region for exemplary performance and sound governance. Some numerous women and men continue to exercise outstanding leadership in various fields from board chairpersons to community-mobilizers, these Kenyans show and cherish shared values, a common vision, and principles for their country. The departure manifests when it comes to elected leaders and by extension some appointed and nominated leaders. This has further been displayed in the level at which the young leaders are engaged in influencing decisions in their countries. Over the decades Africa has maintained a leadership system that continues to strangle the very energy, initiative, and creativity among young people in the public sector. Accordingly, many young people have been locked on the grounds of their insufficient political networks, inexperience despite their massive skills and acquired knowledge. Regrettably, looking youthful has further been confused with being youth by age especially in the public sector with those between 35 and 45 years old still being considered youth. Whereas at the regional level young people have been offered platforms to influence certain policies and directions such as Agenda 2063 and Sustainable Development Goals including some countries having made some notable feat in youth inclusion, much is yet to be done in securing meaningful engagements in political, social, cultural and economic spheres of life. The paper discusses the good, the bad and sometimes ugly trends about youth inclusion in leadership and their political participation. This is discussed in the context of young women political participation, youth affirmative action normative frameworks and constitutional provisions protecting youth participation in Africa, youth representation in public offices and clarion calls from the youth regionally. The paper then proposes key recommendations by youth, governments and other stakeholders on critical actions that must be taken while appreciating the existence of other recommendations made by other contributors. The author argues that no level of youth development or engagement is effective without African commitment to investing in its youth and that generating disaggregated data necessary to inform decisions moving forward. It concludes that the eventual change expected in Africa by harnessing the potential of youth is, without doubt, the spark needed to brighten the prospects of Africa towards achieving her vision Agenda 2063 and the global Sustainable Development Goals. Keywords: Youth, Gender, Women, Empowerment, Sustainable Development Goals, Africa, UN Women, Policy. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/57-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2020
{"title":"The Melting Pot: Trends About Youth Leadership and Political Participation in Africa","authors":"Un Women East and Southern Africa Region","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/57-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/57-04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an effort to highlight trends in Africa that are focusing on including youth in leadership and political participation. It banks on the premise that Africa has had its share of good leaders. In fact, leaders in the corporate and non-governmental sectors in Africa have been recognized across the region for exemplary performance and sound governance. Some numerous women and men continue to exercise outstanding leadership in various fields from board chairpersons to community-mobilizers, these Kenyans show and cherish shared values, a common vision, and principles for their country. The departure manifests when it comes to elected leaders and by extension some appointed and nominated leaders. This has further been displayed in the level at which the young leaders are engaged in influencing decisions in their countries. Over the decades Africa has maintained a leadership system that continues to strangle the very energy, initiative, and creativity among young people in the public sector. Accordingly, many young people have been locked on the grounds of their insufficient political networks, inexperience despite their massive skills and acquired knowledge. Regrettably, looking youthful has further been confused with being youth by age especially in the public sector with those between 35 and 45 years old still being considered youth. Whereas at the regional level young people have been offered platforms to influence certain policies and directions such as Agenda 2063 and Sustainable Development Goals including some countries having made some notable feat in youth inclusion, much is yet to be done in securing meaningful engagements in political, social, cultural and economic spheres of life. The paper discusses the good, the bad and sometimes ugly trends about youth inclusion in leadership and their political participation. This is discussed in the context of young women political participation, youth affirmative action normative frameworks and constitutional provisions protecting youth participation in Africa, youth representation in public offices and clarion calls from the youth regionally. The paper then proposes key recommendations by youth, governments and other stakeholders on critical actions that must be taken while appreciating the existence of other recommendations made by other contributors. The author argues that no level of youth development or engagement is effective without African commitment to investing in its youth and that generating disaggregated data necessary to inform decisions moving forward. It concludes that the eventual change expected in Africa by harnessing the potential of youth is, without doubt, the spark needed to brighten the prospects of Africa towards achieving her vision Agenda 2063 and the global Sustainable Development Goals. Keywords: Youth, Gender, Women, Empowerment, Sustainable Development Goals, Africa, UN Women, Policy. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/57-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122531656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research is financed by Fiji National University. Grant No. CV 176, Valelelevu, Fiji. Abstract The primary purpose of this paper is to recognise the essential factors that contribute to women farmer involvement in training events which, was used to determine significant independent variables for the five provinces of Central Division Fiji adding to 120 women farmers. The sampling was done in concern with any form of training provided in the agricultural, animal and crop sector alike. Considering the independent variables used to indicate the significant contributing factors influencing women participation in training, Marital status, age, tertiary education, extension services, access to market and the size of owned land played active roles. More interestingly, the variables that played insignificant influencers were the number of family members in the farmer household and the reason for farming. A logit analysis was used to display the results of significant and insignificant determining variables. Thus, the overall understanding of these variables through this study carried out in Fiji can lead to better decision making in regards to training programmes for women farmers and consequently producing positive agricultural development in Fiji which can become an efficient tool for agricultural ministry. Moreover, better agricultural policies for women farmers can be adopted based on their determinants to agricultural involvement. Keywords: Training programmes, women farm, participation, agriculture, gender and Fiji. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/57-03 Publication date: March 31 st 2020
{"title":"Women Farmer Participation and Its Determinants in Agricultural Training Programmes, for Central Division Fiji","authors":"Nividita Varun Chand, Haixia Zheng, Jieying Bi, Ashmit Kumar","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/57-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/57-03","url":null,"abstract":"The research is financed by Fiji National University. Grant No. CV 176, Valelelevu, Fiji. Abstract The primary purpose of this paper is to recognise the essential factors that contribute to women farmer involvement in training events which, was used to determine significant independent variables for the five provinces of Central Division Fiji adding to 120 women farmers. The sampling was done in concern with any form of training provided in the agricultural, animal and crop sector alike. Considering the independent variables used to indicate the significant contributing factors influencing women participation in training, Marital status, age, tertiary education, extension services, access to market and the size of owned land played active roles. More interestingly, the variables that played insignificant influencers were the number of family members in the farmer household and the reason for farming. A logit analysis was used to display the results of significant and insignificant determining variables. Thus, the overall understanding of these variables through this study carried out in Fiji can lead to better decision making in regards to training programmes for women farmers and consequently producing positive agricultural development in Fiji which can become an efficient tool for agricultural ministry. Moreover, better agricultural policies for women farmers can be adopted based on their determinants to agricultural involvement. Keywords: Training programmes, women farm, participation, agriculture, gender and Fiji. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/57-03 Publication date: March 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127819875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The origin of enrichment of walls among the Yoruba of Southwestern Nigeria is ambiguous, while the forms in the ornamentation of walls of the domestic building during the pre-colonial era remain inexplicit. Studies of Okediji (1989) and Campbell (2008) yielded insights into forms of ornamentation in some Yoruba shrines, but embellishment on walls of domestic buildings were common practices that were initially not seen as important, despite the richness of the forms. The indigenous practices are fading out fast, without adequate records of their existence, as old buildings are constantly lost to dilapidations and demolitions to accommodate modern developments. Forms in the ornamentation of the domestic buildings are also constantly changing in the modern world, as a result of cross-cultural influences occasioned by globalization. This result to being unknown to many youths of nowadays necessitating digging into cultural roots of the practice, to unveil the origin of the practice and documenting the forms at the inception. The study uses Osogbo, an antique Yoruba town renowned for her rich artistic culture, as an archetype for investigating the cultural roots of the practice in Yorubaland. Data generated from the field were analytically studied. This includes oral interviews with custodians of history to elicit information on the origin of embellishment on buildings; owners of antique buildings were also interviewed to generate information on the forms on their buildings. The study will serve as a reference point to future generations on the creative ingenuity of the past while keeping cultural heritage intact for future generations. It will also promote cultural consciousness, leading to the strengthening of the sense of cultural identity in the people. Keywords: Yoruba, Ornamentation, Heritage, Indigenous domestic buildings, Osogbo. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/57-05 Publication date: March 31 st 2020
{"title":"Indigenous Wall Ornamentation in Yoruba Domestic Buildings, Osogbo As an Archetype","authors":"Foluso Modupe Abejide, E. T. Ijisakin","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/57-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/57-05","url":null,"abstract":"The origin of enrichment of walls among the Yoruba of Southwestern Nigeria is ambiguous, while the forms in the ornamentation of walls of the domestic building during the pre-colonial era remain inexplicit. Studies of Okediji (1989) and Campbell (2008) yielded insights into forms of ornamentation in some Yoruba shrines, but embellishment on walls of domestic buildings were common practices that were initially not seen as important, despite the richness of the forms. The indigenous practices are fading out fast, without adequate records of their existence, as old buildings are constantly lost to dilapidations and demolitions to accommodate modern developments. Forms in the ornamentation of the domestic buildings are also constantly changing in the modern world, as a result of cross-cultural influences occasioned by globalization. This result to being unknown to many youths of nowadays necessitating digging into cultural roots of the practice, to unveil the origin of the practice and documenting the forms at the inception. The study uses Osogbo, an antique Yoruba town renowned for her rich artistic culture, as an archetype for investigating the cultural roots of the practice in Yorubaland. Data generated from the field were analytically studied. This includes oral interviews with custodians of history to elicit information on the origin of embellishment on buildings; owners of antique buildings were also interviewed to generate information on the forms on their buildings. The study will serve as a reference point to future generations on the creative ingenuity of the past while keeping cultural heritage intact for future generations. It will also promote cultural consciousness, leading to the strengthening of the sense of cultural identity in the people. Keywords: Yoruba, Ornamentation, Heritage, Indigenous domestic buildings, Osogbo. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/57-05 Publication date: March 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128009160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated the influence of Christianity on Akan leadership formation in Kwaebibirem in the Brong – Ahafo Region of Ghana. It was conducted using descriptive survey as its research design. The population of the study comprised chiefs, clan’s heads and members of the clergy. Ten (10) were selected to form the participants for the study. These participants provided data for the study by way of interview in the form of focus group discussions. The data that was gathered by way of interview was analyzed thematically. It was found that the participants affirmed that Christianity has had influence on the traditional Akan leadership. Fetishism was also motivated as contributing to leadership development in the area. It is recommended that in order to preserve the core aspects of the traditional leadership system, there is the need for deliberate integration into the school curriculum at the basic school level in the Akan areas. Native language is to be used as the medium of instruction at the lower primary school. This is crucial to preserve and transfer the rich culture which involves education in the traditional and Christian institutions in the Akan areas. This will help blend the sweeping Christian ethos in modern Akan societies from which derive their identity and heritage. Keywords: Traditional leader, Black Stool, Spirit DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/57-06 Publication date: March 31 st 2020
{"title":"Leadership Development: Influence of Christianity on Akan Leadership Formation – A Case Study of Kwaebibirem","authors":"Ernest Koranteng Som, Kennedy Asenso","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/57-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/57-06","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the influence of Christianity on Akan leadership formation in Kwaebibirem in the Brong – Ahafo Region of Ghana. It was conducted using descriptive survey as its research design. The population of the study comprised chiefs, clan’s heads and members of the clergy. Ten (10) were selected to form the participants for the study. These participants provided data for the study by way of interview in the form of focus group discussions. The data that was gathered by way of interview was analyzed thematically. It was found that the participants affirmed that Christianity has had influence on the traditional Akan leadership. Fetishism was also motivated as contributing to leadership development in the area. It is recommended that in order to preserve the core aspects of the traditional leadership system, there is the need for deliberate integration into the school curriculum at the basic school level in the Akan areas. Native language is to be used as the medium of instruction at the lower primary school. This is crucial to preserve and transfer the rich culture which involves education in the traditional and Christian institutions in the Akan areas. This will help blend the sweeping Christian ethos in modern Akan societies from which derive their identity and heritage. Keywords: Traditional leader, Black Stool, Spirit DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/57-06 Publication date: March 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125162394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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