Buddhism is often considered as a path for purification vissudhimagga. During an era of empire building and extreme asceticism, it advocated a middle path based on moral perfection. Compassion in Buddhism enjoys an exalted position and its embodiment, Bodhisattva is highly venerated. This concept finds its applicability more in the contemporary era of materialistic race and political chaos, degrading social norms and decaying moral values. This paper is an attempt to analyze the possibility of compassion as a tool to restore peace and prosperity in the contemporary world. Keywords: Compassion, Buddhism, Violence, materialistic race, global peace, humanity, terrorism. DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/49-04 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
{"title":"Concept of Compassion in Buddhism, Its Ethical Implication in the Contemporary World","authors":"Mohd Ashraf Dar","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/49-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/49-04","url":null,"abstract":"Buddhism is often considered as a path for purification vissudhimagga. During an era of empire building and extreme asceticism, it advocated a middle path based on moral perfection. Compassion in Buddhism enjoys an exalted position and its embodiment, Bodhisattva is highly venerated. This concept finds its applicability more in the contemporary era of materialistic race and political chaos, degrading social norms and decaying moral values. This paper is an attempt to analyze the possibility of compassion as a tool to restore peace and prosperity in the contemporary world. Keywords: Compassion, Buddhism, Violence, materialistic race, global peace, humanity, terrorism. DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/49-04 Publication date :June 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131060578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study determined the psychological challenges of women in Maiduguri Internally Displaced Persons’ camp and its implication for counselling. Three objectives guided the study. With a descriptive survey design, the population of the study comprised 1,100 internally displaced women from Wulari IDP camp located within Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State. This study utilized non probability convenient sampling technique to get the sample for the study. Data for the study were collected from100 willing internally displaced women through an instrument titled “Psychological Challenges Identification Questionnaire (PCIQ)” designed by the researchers. Test-retest reliability method utilized for the instrument provided a reliability coefficient of 0.85 using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, frequency count and percentage. The findings of the study revealed that the leading sources of psychological trauma among IDP women were prolonged stay in camp, loss of loved ones, threats constituted by Boko Haram in the camp and abandonment by the government. It was further revealed that 61% of the respondents are psychologically challenged with living in constant fear, constant nightmares, feeling depressed and insomnia as major psychological challenges experienced by these women. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that women were psychologically challenged as a result of insurgency attack. Hence, it was recommended that professional counsellors and psychologists should be deployed to all the IDP camps in the state to assist the women overcome their psychological challenges and live a fulfilled life. Keywords : Psychological Challenges, Internally Displaced Women, Internally Displaced Person’s Camp. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/56-06 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
{"title":"Psychological Challenges of Women in Maiduguri Metropolis Internally Displaced Persons’ Camp: Counselling Implications","authors":"H. Pur, Iya Haruna Ayuba, B. C. Maduagwu","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/56-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/56-06","url":null,"abstract":"The study determined the psychological challenges of women in Maiduguri Internally Displaced Persons’ camp and its implication for counselling. Three objectives guided the study. With a descriptive survey design, the population of the study comprised 1,100 internally displaced women from Wulari IDP camp located within Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State. This study utilized non probability convenient sampling technique to get the sample for the study. Data for the study were collected from100 willing internally displaced women through an instrument titled “Psychological Challenges Identification Questionnaire (PCIQ)” designed by the researchers. Test-retest reliability method utilized for the instrument provided a reliability coefficient of 0.85 using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, frequency count and percentage. The findings of the study revealed that the leading sources of psychological trauma among IDP women were prolonged stay in camp, loss of loved ones, threats constituted by Boko Haram in the camp and abandonment by the government. It was further revealed that 61% of the respondents are psychologically challenged with living in constant fear, constant nightmares, feeling depressed and insomnia as major psychological challenges experienced by these women. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that women were psychologically challenged as a result of insurgency attack. Hence, it was recommended that professional counsellors and psychologists should be deployed to all the IDP camps in the state to assist the women overcome their psychological challenges and live a fulfilled life. Keywords : Psychological Challenges, Internally Displaced Women, Internally Displaced Person’s Camp. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/56-06 Publication date: February 29 th 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122822289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rana Zain ul Abidin, Rabia Qammar, Atef Alkhawaldah
Government institution’s failure around the world has motivated researchers to investigate the link between risk management strategies and performance of government institutions. The prime objective of this study is to examine the impact of risk management framework implementation (RMFI) and risk management success factors (RMSF) on the performance of government institution in Abu Dhabi. Survey data on 163 employees from three Abu Dhabi Municipalities (Abu Dhabi City, Al Ain City Municipality, Al Dhafra Region Municipality) were collected. PLS-Sem 3.0 software were applied to test hypotheses. The findings of this research release that RMFI, and RMSF has significant effects on the performance of Abu Dhabi municipalities. The study recommends that government firms and regulatory agencies should promote sound risk culture with a view to increase risk awareness, establish a robust information management system for comprehensive risk analysis and reporting, devise internal risk knowledge sharing strategies to boost staff capabilities and entrench effective leadership role to handle complex firms’ operational activities. Keywords : Risk management framework implementation, risk management success factors, government institute firm performance DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/56-03 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
{"title":"Evaluation of Risk Management Strategies in Government Institutions: Case Study on Abu Dhabi Municipalities","authors":"Rana Zain ul Abidin, Rabia Qammar, Atef Alkhawaldah","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/56-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/56-03","url":null,"abstract":"Government institution’s failure around the world has motivated researchers to investigate the link between risk management strategies and performance of government institutions. The prime objective of this study is to examine the impact of risk management framework implementation (RMFI) and risk management success factors (RMSF) on the performance of government institution in Abu Dhabi. Survey data on 163 employees from three Abu Dhabi Municipalities (Abu Dhabi City, Al Ain City Municipality, Al Dhafra Region Municipality) were collected. PLS-Sem 3.0 software were applied to test hypotheses. The findings of this research release that RMFI, and RMSF has significant effects on the performance of Abu Dhabi municipalities. The study recommends that government firms and regulatory agencies should promote sound risk culture with a view to increase risk awareness, establish a robust information management system for comprehensive risk analysis and reporting, devise internal risk knowledge sharing strategies to boost staff capabilities and entrench effective leadership role to handle complex firms’ operational activities. Keywords : Risk management framework implementation, risk management success factors, government institute firm performance DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/56-03 Publication date: February 29 th 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"58 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128263266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fathers are an essential element in the social context of breastfeeding . This study identified salient beliefs about expectant fathers’ support for 6 months Exclusive Breastfeeding. A purposive sample of 39 expectant men aged 33.67 ± 7.02 years resident in Ikenne LGA Nigeria participated. An open-ended theory of planned behaviour based questionnaire was used to collect data. Thematic content analysis followed by a frequency count was used to identify the modal salient beliefs. The salient beliefs were 30: twelve behavioral, 12 normative, and 6 control. Behavioural modal beliefs were that support of 6 months exclusive breastfeeding would motivate a brainy (56%), strong (41%) and generally healthy child (38%). Normative modal beliefs were that grandmothers (26%), family (26%) and health workers approve, while friends (21%) disapprove. Control modal beliefs were time (21%) and nature of work (21%). Beliefs influencing expectant fathers support are similar to those influencing mothers breastfeeding decisions. These can be used in the development of father-focused breastfeeding promotion interventions. Keywords: Beliefs, breastfeeding support, breastfeeding promotion, exclusive breastfeeding, fathers Nigeria DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/56-05 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
{"title":"Beliefs Related to Expectant Father’s Support for Exclusive Breastfeeding in Nigeria","authors":"M. F. Olanrewaju, S. Ajike","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/56-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/56-05","url":null,"abstract":"Fathers are an essential element in the social context of breastfeeding . This study identified salient beliefs about expectant fathers’ support for 6 months Exclusive Breastfeeding. A purposive sample of 39 expectant men aged 33.67 ± 7.02 years resident in Ikenne LGA Nigeria participated. An open-ended theory of planned behaviour based questionnaire was used to collect data. Thematic content analysis followed by a frequency count was used to identify the modal salient beliefs. The salient beliefs were 30: twelve behavioral, 12 normative, and 6 control. Behavioural modal beliefs were that support of 6 months exclusive breastfeeding would motivate a brainy (56%), strong (41%) and generally healthy child (38%). Normative modal beliefs were that grandmothers (26%), family (26%) and health workers approve, while friends (21%) disapprove. Control modal beliefs were time (21%) and nature of work (21%). Beliefs influencing expectant fathers support are similar to those influencing mothers breastfeeding decisions. These can be used in the development of father-focused breastfeeding promotion interventions. Keywords: Beliefs, breastfeeding support, breastfeeding promotion, exclusive breastfeeding, fathers Nigeria DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/56-05 Publication date: February 29 th 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"98 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113961546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The people of Awi have succeeded in preserving their age-old traditions that are handed down from generation to generation. Traditional social organizations and labor exchanging forms, aimed at mutual aid and close cooperation either in pleasure or grief are among the many traditions. In Awi farm land and soil fertility management systems employ three major types of strategies in order to manage the organic matter and chemical fertility of the cultivated soils: Mixed cropping rotational cropping and indigenous organic practices. Irrigation is the artificial application of water to soil for the purpose of crop production. The major purpose of this paper is, therefore, to bring out the traditional social organizations and labor exchanging forms that have been practiced in Awi. It also attempts to assess and analyze the indigenous soil fertility management systems as well as the indigenous managements of river waters for irrigation. In the course of the study, I have depended mainly on primary and secondary sources, as well as oral informants, and archival materials. For archives, I have used Debre Markos University Archive Center, Addis Ababa National Archives and Library Agency, Institute of Ethiopian Studies of Addis Ababa University and Awi Zone Agriculture Office. Indeed, gathering oral information from knowledgeable individuals through interviews was another important source data for the research. The interview was effectively addressed by qualitative approach through purposive sampling method. In the interview semi structured interview questions were designed for acquiring valuable information about the study. The age and the ability to remember the past events and the level of participation in the local affairs were given emphasis for the selection of informants. The data which I collected from oral sources were crosschecked with archival and secondary sources before interpretation. Thus, the consideration of the land tenure system and the social structure as well as taxation system in Agaw Meder (presently Awi Zone) helps to study and investigate not only the study area but also to comprehend other areas regarding the issue. Keywords : Indigenous Resource Management, Wubiri, Wonfel, Soil-fertility, Irrigation DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/56-04 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
{"title":"Some Aspects of Social Organization and Indigenous Resource Management Practices in Awi Zone, Amhara National Regional State (ANRS), Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"A. Seyoum","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/56-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/56-04","url":null,"abstract":"The people of Awi have succeeded in preserving their age-old traditions that are handed down from generation to generation. Traditional social organizations and labor exchanging forms, aimed at mutual aid and close cooperation either in pleasure or grief are among the many traditions. In Awi farm land and soil fertility management systems employ three major types of strategies in order to manage the organic matter and chemical fertility of the cultivated soils: Mixed cropping rotational cropping and indigenous organic practices. Irrigation is the artificial application of water to soil for the purpose of crop production. The major purpose of this paper is, therefore, to bring out the traditional social organizations and labor exchanging forms that have been practiced in Awi. It also attempts to assess and analyze the indigenous soil fertility management systems as well as the indigenous managements of river waters for irrigation. In the course of the study, I have depended mainly on primary and secondary sources, as well as oral informants, and archival materials. For archives, I have used Debre Markos University Archive Center, Addis Ababa National Archives and Library Agency, Institute of Ethiopian Studies of Addis Ababa University and Awi Zone Agriculture Office. Indeed, gathering oral information from knowledgeable individuals through interviews was another important source data for the research. The interview was effectively addressed by qualitative approach through purposive sampling method. In the interview semi structured interview questions were designed for acquiring valuable information about the study. The age and the ability to remember the past events and the level of participation in the local affairs were given emphasis for the selection of informants. The data which I collected from oral sources were crosschecked with archival and secondary sources before interpretation. Thus, the consideration of the land tenure system and the social structure as well as taxation system in Agaw Meder (presently Awi Zone) helps to study and investigate not only the study area but also to comprehend other areas regarding the issue. Keywords : Indigenous Resource Management, Wubiri, Wonfel, Soil-fertility, Irrigation DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/56-04 Publication date: February 29 th 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126232319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paper Prepared for Presentation at the 19 th Annual Africa Conference Organized by the Department of History, University of Texas at Austin. Theme: Identities. March 29- 31, 2019. Abstract An enduring legacy of the Trans Atlantic slave trade in Atani and most other communities along the banks of River Niger in Igbo land was the institution of domestic slavery which is presently a defining feature of these communities. Principally nurtured by different forms of discrimination, the institution of domestic slavery has created a sort of identity crisis in these communities. The profound socio-cultural and political impact of the identity crisis has hindered peace and development in Atani community. This paper is concerned with understanding the identity crisis arising from the institution of domestic slavery and its impact on peace and community development in Atani. The paper argues that identity crisis created through the institution of domestic slavery has continued to undermine peace in Atani. We adopted post-structural approach as a theoretical model. A combination of the documentary method and interviews was used to generate data for this study. Data collected were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The paper therefore recommended that ending the prevailing ephemeral peace in Atani requires that governments at all levels, community stakeholders and the traditional rulers should discuss and adopt strategies directed towards abolishing socio-cultural and traditional practices that are detrimental to peace and development in Atani . Keywords: Domestic Slavery, Identity, Crisis, Peace-Building. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/56-07 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
{"title":"Domestic Slavery, Identity Crisis and Peace Building in Igbo Land: The Case of Atani Community in Anambra Sate, Nigeria","authors":"I. Alumona, Jude Odigbo","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/56-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/56-07","url":null,"abstract":"Paper Prepared for Presentation at the 19 th Annual Africa Conference Organized by the Department of History, University of Texas at Austin. Theme: Identities. March 29- 31, 2019. Abstract An enduring legacy of the Trans Atlantic slave trade in Atani and most other communities along the banks of River Niger in Igbo land was the institution of domestic slavery which is presently a defining feature of these communities. Principally nurtured by different forms of discrimination, the institution of domestic slavery has created a sort of identity crisis in these communities. The profound socio-cultural and political impact of the identity crisis has hindered peace and development in Atani community. This paper is concerned with understanding the identity crisis arising from the institution of domestic slavery and its impact on peace and community development in Atani. The paper argues that identity crisis created through the institution of domestic slavery has continued to undermine peace in Atani. We adopted post-structural approach as a theoretical model. A combination of the documentary method and interviews was used to generate data for this study. Data collected were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The paper therefore recommended that ending the prevailing ephemeral peace in Atani requires that governments at all levels, community stakeholders and the traditional rulers should discuss and adopt strategies directed towards abolishing socio-cultural and traditional practices that are detrimental to peace and development in Atani . Keywords: Domestic Slavery, Identity, Crisis, Peace-Building. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/56-07 Publication date: February 29 th 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128051625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Doors are accompaniments of buildings and always the first point of contact by visitors to buildings. Because of this, doors especially the main doors “ ilekun abawole, ”are always elaborately embellished to make them aesthetically pleasing and welcoming. The imagery on doors among the Yoruba of Nigeria and the techniques of making them visually appealing, aesthetically functional and strong, differ with materials and periods of history. This paper studies the progression in the use and beautification of doors, in Osogbo, Yorubaland, with the view to revealing the forms at its inception as well as the changes in materials, forms, and motifs with time. The study concluded that the materials, forms, and motifs on doors evolved over periods in history, each giving way to new styles and images as the peoples’ exposure, experiences and socio-cultural values broaden. Keywords: Advancement, Doors, Aesthetics, Domestic buildings, Yorubaland. DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/55-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2020
{"title":"Progressions in Ornamented Doors of Domestic Buildings in Yorubaland","authors":"Foluso Modupe Abejide","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/55-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/55-01","url":null,"abstract":"Doors are accompaniments of buildings and always the first point of contact by visitors to buildings. Because of this, doors especially the main doors “ ilekun abawole, ”are always elaborately embellished to make them aesthetically pleasing and welcoming. The imagery on doors among the Yoruba of Nigeria and the techniques of making them visually appealing, aesthetically functional and strong, differ with materials and periods of history. This paper studies the progression in the use and beautification of doors, in Osogbo, Yorubaland, with the view to revealing the forms at its inception as well as the changes in materials, forms, and motifs with time. The study concluded that the materials, forms, and motifs on doors evolved over periods in history, each giving way to new styles and images as the peoples’ exposure, experiences and socio-cultural values broaden. Keywords: Advancement, Doors, Aesthetics, Domestic buildings, Yorubaland. DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/55-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116960037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Land is not a mere physical resource in Ethiopia; rather it has a strong tie with social values and political power. Apparently, scholars in this particular area have largely focued on the residual effects of land dispossessions and the harsh incursions into the communal sanctities. Moreover, they paid an enormous attention to the effects of land grabbing on the economic, social and human rights of individuals. However, this article argues that less attention has been given to the role of land titlting in buiding the power of political elites in Ethiopia. In order to explore this, the article attempted to anlyze the three regimes in Ethiopia- the Emperial, Derg, and EPRDF- and their land entitlment strategies as a means of power making and legitimization of the establishments. The artilce, thus, concludes that there have been a strong connection between land and power in the three regimes of Ethiopia and it maintains that land tilting strategies have been extensively used for the political interests and power grabbing objectives of the regimes. Keywords: Ethiopia, Land Policy, Land titling, Land Tenure, Power building DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/55-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2020
{"title":"Land Titling and Power Building in the Three Regimes of Ethiopia: The Last Empire, the First Republic, and the Second Republic","authors":"A. Amare","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/55-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/55-02","url":null,"abstract":"Land is not a mere physical resource in Ethiopia; rather it has a strong tie with social values and political power. Apparently, scholars in this particular area have largely focued on the residual effects of land dispossessions and the harsh incursions into the communal sanctities. Moreover, they paid an enormous attention to the effects of land grabbing on the economic, social and human rights of individuals. However, this article argues that less attention has been given to the role of land titlting in buiding the power of political elites in Ethiopia. In order to explore this, the article attempted to anlyze the three regimes in Ethiopia- the Emperial, Derg, and EPRDF- and their land entitlment strategies as a means of power making and legitimization of the establishments. The artilce, thus, concludes that there have been a strong connection between land and power in the three regimes of Ethiopia and it maintains that land tilting strategies have been extensively used for the political interests and power grabbing objectives of the regimes. Keywords: Ethiopia, Land Policy, Land titling, Land Tenure, Power building DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/55-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131570493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate resilient livelihood is used to mitigate the adverse climatic effects. The farmers’ livelihood vulnerable to extreme climatic events were recorded in study area. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate climate resilient indigenous livelihood practices in Oromo Gadaa system. Data were collected by 69 respondents’ interview and literature review and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Indigenous early warning, conflict settlement, and community self-help were the climate resilient livelihood practiced in study area. Majority of farmers have been used indigenous early warning information forecasted by Raagaa Wogii. Tree ring, sediments layer, and wind direction have been used to know and predicts extreme climatic event in indigenous early warning system. In alleviating climatic effects of conflict, Gadaa system have allocated the responsibilities of every individual in indigenous conflict prevention and resolution. The Sadii walii dhoksuu, Sadii walii obsuu, Sadii walgorsuu and Araaramuu have been the conflicts prevention mechanisms settled by conflicting parties. The Ilmo-limmoo, Qora , and Gumaa have been conflict resolution techniques mainly settled by hayyuus , Ambaa Gadaa and Abbaa gadaas through hearing the causes in detail. Seera siiqqee has been used to settle the conflicts between man and woman whereas Guula has been the resolution mechanisms of political conflict. The community self-help practices: Ameesa dabarsu , Dabaree kenuu , Gegawo-gegesaa , Soruu , Hirphuu , Gumaata , Liqii , Qabdoo qabuuf , Qote-qotii , Sanyii kennuu , Woliif Tiksuu , Dhoofsisuu , Daboo , and Edir and/or Ekub have been indigenous climate resilient livelihood used in Gadaa system. Majorities of community self-helps have been the responsibilities of members in their clan, friends and families. So, the indigenous early warning system, conflict settlement and community self-help practices should legalized and used at a regional level. The evidences, reliability and effectiveness of the indigenous early warning system need further study. Keywords: Climate resilient, Conflict settlement, Early warning, Spiritual leader DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/55-04 Publication date: January 31 st 2020
{"title":"Climate Resilient Indigenous Community Self-Help Practices in Oromo Gadaa System: The Cases of Sikkoo-Mandoo Oromo in Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Kassim Dedefo","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/55-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/55-04","url":null,"abstract":"Climate resilient livelihood is used to mitigate the adverse climatic effects. The farmers’ livelihood vulnerable to extreme climatic events were recorded in study area. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate climate resilient indigenous livelihood practices in Oromo Gadaa system. Data were collected by 69 respondents’ interview and literature review and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Indigenous early warning, conflict settlement, and community self-help were the climate resilient livelihood practiced in study area. Majority of farmers have been used indigenous early warning information forecasted by Raagaa Wogii. Tree ring, sediments layer, and wind direction have been used to know and predicts extreme climatic event in indigenous early warning system. In alleviating climatic effects of conflict, Gadaa system have allocated the responsibilities of every individual in indigenous conflict prevention and resolution. The Sadii walii dhoksuu, Sadii walii obsuu, Sadii walgorsuu and Araaramuu have been the conflicts prevention mechanisms settled by conflicting parties. The Ilmo-limmoo, Qora , and Gumaa have been conflict resolution techniques mainly settled by hayyuus , Ambaa Gadaa and Abbaa gadaas through hearing the causes in detail. Seera siiqqee has been used to settle the conflicts between man and woman whereas Guula has been the resolution mechanisms of political conflict. The community self-help practices: Ameesa dabarsu , Dabaree kenuu , Gegawo-gegesaa , Soruu , Hirphuu , Gumaata , Liqii , Qabdoo qabuuf , Qote-qotii , Sanyii kennuu , Woliif Tiksuu , Dhoofsisuu , Daboo , and Edir and/or Ekub have been indigenous climate resilient livelihood used in Gadaa system. Majorities of community self-helps have been the responsibilities of members in their clan, friends and families. So, the indigenous early warning system, conflict settlement and community self-help practices should legalized and used at a regional level. The evidences, reliability and effectiveness of the indigenous early warning system need further study. Keywords: Climate resilient, Conflict settlement, Early warning, Spiritual leader DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/55-04 Publication date: January 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122963324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teenage pregnancy is an important health and Social problem in Nigeria. The study investigated the prevalence rate and the socio-economic factors that place adolescents at the high risk of early pregnancy in Oghara Kingdom. The respondents were 400 teenagers under 19years of age randomly selected from some villages in the two sub-clans of the kingdom. A structured interview schedule was used to obtain information used in the study. Frequencies, percentages and chi-square tests were used to analyse the data. The results of the study showed that the rate of teenage pregnancy in the study area was fairly high (66.2 percent). A large majority (87.3 percent) of the teenage pregnancies in the study area were unintended. Chi-square tests revealed associations between teenage pregnancy and respondents’ education, sexual initiation, use of family planning, parents’ wealth quintiles, wealth quintile of the person responsible for the pregnancy and place of abode before the pregnancy. Keywords: Teenage pregnancy, Oghara Kingdom, Socio-economic factors, Nigeria DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/55-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2020
{"title":"Determinants of Adolescent Childbearing in Oghara Kingdom, Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"I. Etukudo, N. Usoro","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/55-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/55-03","url":null,"abstract":"Teenage pregnancy is an important health and Social problem in Nigeria. The study investigated the prevalence rate and the socio-economic factors that place adolescents at the high risk of early pregnancy in Oghara Kingdom. The respondents were 400 teenagers under 19years of age randomly selected from some villages in the two sub-clans of the kingdom. A structured interview schedule was used to obtain information used in the study. Frequencies, percentages and chi-square tests were used to analyse the data. The results of the study showed that the rate of teenage pregnancy in the study area was fairly high (66.2 percent). A large majority (87.3 percent) of the teenage pregnancies in the study area were unintended. Chi-square tests revealed associations between teenage pregnancy and respondents’ education, sexual initiation, use of family planning, parents’ wealth quintiles, wealth quintile of the person responsible for the pregnancy and place of abode before the pregnancy. Keywords: Teenage pregnancy, Oghara Kingdom, Socio-economic factors, Nigeria DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/55-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117084453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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