Background: Achieving a satisfactory color match for dental restorations necessitates the effective selection and replication of shades. The knowledge of color science provides an understanding of the fundamental principles governing color mixing and interactionObjective: To compare the ability of color matching of dental students and dental graduates using vita tooth guide 3-D master.Material and Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 participants (100 dental students and 100 graduates) at the Prosthodontics department, LUMHS, Jamshoro using convenience sampling technique. At some time between 10:00 AM and 12:00 PM. The vita tooth guide 3D master® shade guide (VITA, Japan incorp) was used to compare the ability to match colors. Each participant was asked to color matched three shades (2L1.5, 1M2, and 2R1) of porcelain maxillary right central incisors. The comparison of color identification between dental students and graduates was conducted using the chi-squareResults: The gender distribution analysis revealed that group A had 43 (43%) male participants and group B had 37 (37%) male participants. Dental graduates were more competent in correct identified proper shade than dental students for sample I(shade 2L 1.5) (p<0.001), II (shade 1M2) (p<0.001), and III (shade 2R1) (p<0.001). The association experience with Vita tooth guide 3D master with color identification test was only statistically significant for sample II (p=0.04). The results were similar among genders. For all samples and in both genders dental graduates were better than dental students in color identification statistically.Conclusion: Training and experience significantly contribute to the enhancement of color matching skills in shade selection.Keywords: Color Matching, Dental Students, Dental Graduates, Vita toothguide 3D master.
背景：要使牙科修复体达到令人满意的配色效果，就必须有效地选择和复制色调。色彩科学知识提供了对色彩混合和相互作用基本原理的理解：比较牙科学生和牙科毕业生使用 vita tooth guide 3-D master 进行颜色匹配的能力：这项横断面比较研究采用方便抽样技术，在贾姆绍罗 LUMHS 的口腔修复科对 200 名参与者（100 名牙科学生和 100 名毕业生）进行了调查。研究时间为上午 10:00 至中午 12:00。使用 vita tooth guide 3D master® 色调指南（VITA，日本 incorp）来比较配色能力。要求每位参与者对上颌右中切牙烤瓷牙的三种色调（2L1.5、1M2 和 2R1）进行配色。采用卡方检验对牙科学生和毕业生的颜色识别能力进行了比较：性别分布分析显示，A 组有 43 名（43%）男性参与者，B 组有 37 名（37%）男性参与者。在样本 I（牙色 2L 1.5）（p<0.001）、样本 II（牙色 1M2）（p<0.001）和样本 III（牙色 2R1）（p<0.001）中，牙科毕业生比牙科学生更能正确识别合适的牙色。Vita tooth guide 3D master 与颜色识别测试的相关经验仅对样本 II 有统计学意义（p=0.04）。不同性别的结果相似。在所有样本中，无论男女，牙科毕业生在颜色识别方面都优于牙科学生：结论：培训和经验对提高选择色调的配色技能有很大帮助：颜色匹配；牙科学生；牙科毕业生；Vita toothguide 3D master。
{"title":"Comparison of Color Matching Ability of Dental Students and Dental Graduates using Vita Tooth Guide 3-D Master","authors":"Preesa Salman, Aamir Mehmood Butt, Waqas, Madiha, Azizullah Muhammad Nawaz Qureshi, Uzma Bashir, Salman Shams","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.2.899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.2.899","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Achieving a satisfactory color match for dental restorations necessitates the effective selection and replication of shades. The knowledge of color science provides an understanding of the fundamental principles governing color mixing and interactionObjective: To compare the ability of color matching of dental students and dental graduates using vita tooth guide 3-D master.Material and Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 participants (100 dental students and 100 graduates) at the Prosthodontics department, LUMHS, Jamshoro using convenience sampling technique. At some time between 10:00 AM and 12:00 PM. The vita tooth guide 3D master® shade guide (VITA, Japan incorp) was used to compare the ability to match colors. Each participant was asked to color matched three shades (2L1.5, 1M2, and 2R1) of porcelain maxillary right central incisors. The comparison of color identification between dental students and graduates was conducted using the chi-squareResults: The gender distribution analysis revealed that group A had 43 (43%) male participants and group B had 37 (37%) male participants. Dental graduates were more competent in correct identified proper shade than dental students for sample I(shade 2L 1.5) (p<0.001), II (shade 1M2) (p<0.001), and III (shade 2R1) (p<0.001). The association experience with Vita tooth guide 3D master with color identification test was only statistically significant for sample II (p=0.04). The results were similar among genders. For all samples and in both genders dental graduates were better than dental students in color identification statistically.Conclusion: Training and experience significantly contribute to the enhancement of color matching skills in shade selection.Keywords: Color Matching, Dental Students, Dental Graduates, Vita toothguide 3D master.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.886
Umar Hussain, Farhad Ali Khattak
Knowing the estimate (mean or proportion) for the whole population is not feasible due to a lack of resources. Therefore, we rely on a sample estimate to draw conclusions about the population. The range of values in which the true population estimate lies is called a confidence interval (CI) which is more reliable than single estimate. For descriptive studies, CIs should be reported along with the point estimate (mean or proportion). For effect sizes in inferential statistics (mean difference, odds ratio, risk ratio, etc.), the p-value should be supplemented with a CI for strength and direction of the association.
由于缺乏资源，了解整个人口的估计值（平均值或比例）是不可行的。因此，我们依靠样本估计值来得出有关人口的结论。真实的人口估计值所处的数值范围称为置信区间（CI），它比单一估计值更可靠。对于描述性研究，可信区间应与点估计值（平均值或比例）一起报告。对于推断统计中的效应大小（平均差、几率比例、风险比等)，应在 p 值的基础上加上 CI 值，以确定关联的强度和方向。
{"title":"Concept and Interpretation of Confidence Interval: How to Overcome Limitations of P-value","authors":"Umar Hussain, Farhad Ali Khattak","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.886","url":null,"abstract":"Knowing the estimate (mean or proportion) for the whole population is not feasible due to a lack of resources. Therefore, we rely on a sample estimate to draw conclusions about the population. The range of values in which the true population estimate lies is called a confidence interval (CI) which is more reliable than single estimate. For descriptive studies, CIs should be reported along with the point estimate (mean or proportion). For effect sizes in inferential statistics (mean difference, odds ratio, risk ratio, etc.), the p-value should be supplemented with a CI for strength and direction of the association.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.865
Imran Ahmad, Bilal Khan, Nazli Gul, Jawad Humayun, Fahad Khan
Background: Cataract formation is common with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Removal of cataract by phacoemulsification can be done combinedly with PPV in the same settings or as separate procedure of phacoemulsification followed by PPV. Objectives: The objective of the study is to check the visual outcome, inflammation and complications in combined phaco-PPV procedure versus separate Phaco followed by PPV.Material and Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study carried out in Ophthalmology Department, Khyber Teaching hospital Peshawar from 1st May 2023 to 31st October 2023. A total of 60 patients were included and divided into 2 groups of 30 patients each. One group undergone combined phaco-PPV and the second group separate phaco followed by PPV. Results: The mean age of participants were 57.8 ± 8.24 years with 58.3% male and 41.7% female. On first post-operative day there was statistically significant difference between the visual acuity, inflammation and complications rate in combined phaco-PPV patients than separate procedure with a p-value of 0.01. There was no statistically significant difference in between the two groups in the final visual acuity, inflammation and complication rate 2 weeks after removal of silicone oil with visual acuity p-value 0.99, inflammation p-value 0.99, complications p-value 0.108Conclusion: There is no significance difference between combined phaco-PPV versus separate phaco followed by PPV in terms of visual acuity, inflammation and complication rate.Keywords: Phacoemulsification, Visual outcome, Vitrectomy
{"title":"Visual Outcome and Complications in Combined Phaco-Vitrectomy Versus Separate Phaco followed by Vitrectomy for Macula Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment","authors":"Imran Ahmad, Bilal Khan, Nazli Gul, Jawad Humayun, Fahad Khan","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.865","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cataract formation is common with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Removal of cataract by phacoemulsification can be done combinedly with PPV in the same settings or as separate procedure of phacoemulsification followed by PPV. Objectives: The objective of the study is to check the visual outcome, inflammation and complications in combined phaco-PPV procedure versus separate Phaco followed by PPV.Material and Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study carried out in Ophthalmology Department, Khyber Teaching hospital Peshawar from 1st May 2023 to 31st October 2023. A total of 60 patients were included and divided into 2 groups of 30 patients each. One group undergone combined phaco-PPV and the second group separate phaco followed by PPV. Results: The mean age of participants were 57.8 ± 8.24 years with 58.3% male and 41.7% female. On first post-operative day there was statistically significant difference between the visual acuity, inflammation and complications rate in combined phaco-PPV patients than separate procedure with a p-value of 0.01. There was no statistically significant difference in between the two groups in the final visual acuity, inflammation and complication rate 2 weeks after removal of silicone oil with visual acuity p-value 0.99, inflammation p-value 0.99, complications p-value 0.108Conclusion: There is no significance difference between combined phaco-PPV versus separate phaco followed by PPV in terms of visual acuity, inflammation and complication rate.Keywords: Phacoemulsification, Visual outcome, Vitrectomy","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Adherence to antidepressant treatment is an important factor in the treatment and effective management of depressed patients. Characteristics of patients can help in determining compliance to treatment protocols. In order to find link between compliance and demographic characteristics of patients, insight can be obtained through exploration of these variables.Objectives: To determine the association between patient characteristics and antidepressant medication adherence. To identify characteristics of patients that may improve or worsen compliance to antidepressant medication. Material and Methods: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study aiming to find the link between personal characteristics and adherence to anti-depressant medications. The study was conducted at Psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan Pakistan, from 05th September 2018 to 08th February 2021. Data was collected from 660 patients who presented with depressive symptoms to Psychiatry OPD. The main objective was to identify characteristics of patients leading to poor compliance to antidepressant medication. Results: Total study population was 660. Majority of the study population 82.9 % (n-549) were female. Uneducated were, 56.6 % (375), 81.1 % (n-537) were unemployed, and 65.9 % (n-436) were married. Follow up interviews were conducted in 316 (47.7 %) patients at 3rd week, 186 (28.1 %) patients at 6th week, 130 (19.6 %) patients at 9th week, 96 (14.5 %) patients at 12th week, and 31 (4.7 %) patients at 6 months. There was no significant difference found on the basis of patient characteristics and adherence. However, compliance was better among patients who had longer duration of illness. Conclusion: Medication adherence is a common problem among depressed patients and leads to impaired daily life functioning. Our study could not found any significant difference regarding patient characteristics among compliant and non compliant patients. Educating patients regarding the use of antidepressant medication treatment should be added to routine practice. Keywords: Anti depressants, Depression, Non-adherence, Poor compliance.
{"title":"Patient Characteristics and Adherence to Antidepressant Medication Treatment at PsychiatricOutpatient Department of Mardan Medical Complex, Pakistan","authors":"Izaz Jamal, Anika Manzoor Ali, Ejaz Gul, Muhammad Muslim, Muneeb Pirzada, Sumaira","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.778","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adherence to antidepressant treatment is an important factor in the treatment and effective management of depressed patients. Characteristics of patients can help in determining compliance to treatment protocols. In order to find link between compliance and demographic characteristics of patients, insight can be obtained through exploration of these variables.Objectives: To determine the association between patient characteristics and antidepressant medication adherence. To identify characteristics of patients that may improve or worsen compliance to antidepressant medication. Material and Methods: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study aiming to find the link between personal characteristics and adherence to anti-depressant medications. The study was conducted at Psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan Pakistan, from 05th September 2018 to 08th February 2021. Data was collected from 660 patients who presented with depressive symptoms to Psychiatry OPD. The main objective was to identify characteristics of patients leading to poor compliance to antidepressant medication. Results: Total study population was 660. Majority of the study population 82.9 % (n-549) were female. Uneducated were, 56.6 % (375), 81.1 % (n-537) were unemployed, and 65.9 % (n-436) were married. Follow up interviews were conducted in 316 (47.7 %) patients at 3rd week, 186 (28.1 %) patients at 6th week, 130 (19.6 %) patients at 9th week, 96 (14.5 %) patients at 12th week, and 31 (4.7 %) patients at 6 months. There was no significant difference found on the basis of patient characteristics and adherence. However, compliance was better among patients who had longer duration of illness. Conclusion: Medication adherence is a common problem among depressed patients and leads to impaired daily life functioning. Our study could not found any significant difference regarding patient characteristics among compliant and non compliant patients. Educating patients regarding the use of antidepressant medication treatment should be added to routine practice. Keywords: Anti depressants, Depression, Non-adherence, Poor compliance.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.831
Tasmia, Amir Muhammad, Bakht Beland, Abbas Zarin
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) stands out as one of the most common bacterial infections affecting children below the age of five. A valid diagnostic test for UTI is of utmost importance for avoiding bacterial resistance.Objectives: To assess the diagnostic efficacy of routine urine examinations in detecting urinary tract infections in pediatric patients, employing urine culture as the reference standardMaterial and Methods: This diagnostic study was conducted at leady reading hospital, Peshawar. The study employed a non-probability consecutive sampling technique and included 130 children between the ages of 1 and 5 years, regardless of gender, who exhibited symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infections. Exclusion criteria comprised children who had taken antibiotics within the past 48 hours, those with congenital renal anomalies such as renal or renal tumors, renal tract obstruction, and acute renal failure. All participants underwent urine regular examination and urine culture. Sensitivities, specificities, and accuracy were calculated, and the data was further stratified based on gender and age.Results: The mean age of the participants was 2.646±1.32 years. The males were predominant (n-86, 66.2%). The urine examination demonstrated a specificity of 90.91% and a sensitivity of 58.06% in detecting urinary tract infections. A statistically significant difference was observed when comparing the diagnosis of Urinary tract infections using urine culture and urine examination.Conclusion: While urine examinations exhibit satisfactory specificity, their sensitivity is insufficient to be utilized as a reliable diagnostic test for detecting urinary tract infections in children. Clinicians are advised to depend on urine culture for accurate diagnosis in such cases.Keywords: Diagnostic accuracy, Pediatrics, Urine Microbiology, Urinalysis, Urinary tract infection.
{"title":"Evaluation of Routine Urine Analysis in Diagnosing Urinary Tract Infection among Pediatric Population: A Validation Study","authors":"Tasmia, Amir Muhammad, Bakht Beland, Abbas Zarin","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.831","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) stands out as one of the most common bacterial infections affecting children below the age of five. A valid diagnostic test for UTI is of utmost importance for avoiding bacterial resistance.Objectives: To assess the diagnostic efficacy of routine urine examinations in detecting urinary tract infections in pediatric patients, employing urine culture as the reference standardMaterial and Methods: This diagnostic study was conducted at leady reading hospital, Peshawar. The study employed a non-probability consecutive sampling technique and included 130 children between the ages of 1 and 5 years, regardless of gender, who exhibited symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infections. Exclusion criteria comprised children who had taken antibiotics within the past 48 hours, those with congenital renal anomalies such as renal or renal tumors, renal tract obstruction, and acute renal failure. All participants underwent urine regular examination and urine culture. Sensitivities, specificities, and accuracy were calculated, and the data was further stratified based on gender and age.Results: The mean age of the participants was 2.646±1.32 years. The males were predominant (n-86, 66.2%). The urine examination demonstrated a specificity of 90.91% and a sensitivity of 58.06% in detecting urinary tract infections. A statistically significant difference was observed when comparing the diagnosis of Urinary tract infections using urine culture and urine examination.Conclusion: While urine examinations exhibit satisfactory specificity, their sensitivity is insufficient to be utilized as a reliable diagnostic test for detecting urinary tract infections in children. Clinicians are advised to depend on urine culture for accurate diagnosis in such cases.Keywords: Diagnostic accuracy, Pediatrics, Urine Microbiology, Urinalysis, Urinary tract infection.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.797
Mian Anwar Zeb, Muhammad Usman, Farooq Khan, Siyab Ahmad, Liaqat Ali, Adnan Badar
Background: The vermiform appendix is considered to be a vestigial organ by the most. Its importance in surgery results only from its tendency for inflammation that results in a clinical syndrome known as acute appendicitis. It is the most common indication for emergency abdominal surgery in patients with acute abdomen with a crude annual incidence of 26 per 10,000 populations.Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of Conservative Treatment Versus appendectomy in the management of AcuteUncomplicated Appendicitis.Material and Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted in Department of General Surgery Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital Saidu sharif, from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022. A total of 96 cases were enrolled, that were divided into two groups. Informed written consent was taken from each patient. Patients in Group A were subjected to non-operative management with antibiotics while patients in Group B were subjected to appendectomy. Patients in both groups were evaluated for various parameters such as age, gender, pre- and post-operative duration of pain (group B), Alvarado score. Post stratification chi-square test was applied keeping P Value < 0.05 as significant. Results: Mean and SD for Age, Duration of Stay, Pre & Post Treatment Abdominal Score and Pre and Post Treatment Alvarado Score in Group A was recorded as 35±10.60, 3.0±0.24, 7.0±0.49, 3.0±0.20, 9.0±0.41 and 3.0±1.62 respectively. In the same manner, Mean and SD for Group B was 35±12.53, 5.0±0.41, 7.0±0.35, 3.0±0.35, 3.0±0.20, 9.0±0.41, and 2.5±1.5, respectively. Success rate in Group A was 26 (52%) whereas in Group B it was 36 (72%) patients. Conclusion: Conservative treatment can be applied safely in the majority of cases of the first attack of uncomplicated acute appendicitis, therefore, avoiding appendectomy and its associated morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Acute appendicitis, Alvarado Score, Antibiotic treatment, Acute uncomplicated appendicitis, Success rate.
{"title":"To Determine the Effectiveness of Conservative Treatment Versus Appendectomy in the Management of Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis.","authors":"Mian Anwar Zeb, Muhammad Usman, Farooq Khan, Siyab Ahmad, Liaqat Ali, Adnan Badar","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.797","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The vermiform appendix is considered to be a vestigial organ by the most. Its importance in surgery results only from its tendency for inflammation that results in a clinical syndrome known as acute appendicitis. It is the most common indication for emergency abdominal surgery in patients with acute abdomen with a crude annual incidence of 26 per 10,000 populations.Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of Conservative Treatment Versus appendectomy in the management of AcuteUncomplicated Appendicitis.Material and Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted in Department of General Surgery Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital Saidu sharif, from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022. A total of 96 cases were enrolled, that were divided into two groups. Informed written consent was taken from each patient. Patients in Group A were subjected to non-operative management with antibiotics while patients in Group B were subjected to appendectomy. Patients in both groups were evaluated for various parameters such as age, gender, pre- and post-operative duration of pain (group B), Alvarado score. Post stratification chi-square test was applied keeping P Value < 0.05 as significant. Results: Mean and SD for Age, Duration of Stay, Pre & Post Treatment Abdominal Score and Pre and Post Treatment Alvarado Score in Group A was recorded as 35±10.60, 3.0±0.24, 7.0±0.49, 3.0±0.20, 9.0±0.41 and 3.0±1.62 respectively. In the same manner, Mean and SD for Group B was 35±12.53, 5.0±0.41, 7.0±0.35, 3.0±0.35, 3.0±0.20, 9.0±0.41, and 2.5±1.5, respectively. Success rate in Group A was 26 (52%) whereas in Group B it was 36 (72%) patients. Conclusion: Conservative treatment can be applied safely in the majority of cases of the first attack of uncomplicated acute appendicitis, therefore, avoiding appendectomy and its associated morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Acute appendicitis, Alvarado Score, Antibiotic treatment, Acute uncomplicated appendicitis, Success rate.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.820
Munawar Manzoor Ali, Noman Muhammad, Muhammad Azeem, Gulsana Hashmi, Muhammad Hassaan Saeed, Mazhar Hussain
Background: the accurate identification of a patient's maturation stage, particularly during the pubertal growth spurt, takes on heightened importance, particularly when addressing cases of dentoskeletal problem Active growth determination is crucial for orthodontic treatment. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine interobserver reliability of Cervical Vertebrae Maturation (CVM) stagingMaterial and Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study, conducted in the Department of Orthodontics on 70 subjects. Ten orthodontic clinicians, including 4 orthodontists and 6 orthodontic residents, with no prior experience in CVM staging, underwent comprehensive training. The study involved assessing 70 lateral cephalograms with clear visibility of cervical vertebrae, evaluated by two independent examiners using the Baccetti et al. staging system. The collected data were analyzed using R programming, including descriptive statistics for age, Spearman's correlation, and Cohen's Kappa for assessing interobserver agreement, with stratification by gender. Results: The mean age of participants was 12.60±3.93 years, with 38 females (54.29%) and 32 males (45.71%). The study revealed varying levels of agreement between two observers for different CVM stages, ranging from perfect agreement in CS1 to strong agreement in CS3. CS4, CS5, and CS6 also showed varying agreement rates. Additionally, there was robust and statistically significant agreement (p<0.001) between observers in cervical maturation staging, supported by a high Spearman's rho value (r=0.927). Furthermore, substantial agreement was observed with a Kappa value of 0.748, indicating a strong consensus in cervical staging assessments.Conclusion: Cervical vertebral maturation staging is reliable in term of inter-observers agreement. Keywords: Cervical vertebral maturation, Interobserver agreement, Growth assessment
{"title":"Interobserver Reliability of Cervical Vertebral Maturation Staging","authors":"Munawar Manzoor Ali, Noman Muhammad, Muhammad Azeem, Gulsana Hashmi, Muhammad Hassaan Saeed, Mazhar Hussain","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.820","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the accurate identification of a patient's maturation stage, particularly during the pubertal growth spurt, takes on heightened importance, particularly when addressing cases of dentoskeletal problem Active growth determination is crucial for orthodontic treatment. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine interobserver reliability of Cervical Vertebrae Maturation (CVM) stagingMaterial and Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study, conducted in the Department of Orthodontics on 70 subjects. Ten orthodontic clinicians, including 4 orthodontists and 6 orthodontic residents, with no prior experience in CVM staging, underwent comprehensive training. The study involved assessing 70 lateral cephalograms with clear visibility of cervical vertebrae, evaluated by two independent examiners using the Baccetti et al. staging system. The collected data were analyzed using R programming, including descriptive statistics for age, Spearman's correlation, and Cohen's Kappa for assessing interobserver agreement, with stratification by gender. Results: The mean age of participants was 12.60±3.93 years, with 38 females (54.29%) and 32 males (45.71%). The study revealed varying levels of agreement between two observers for different CVM stages, ranging from perfect agreement in CS1 to strong agreement in CS3. CS4, CS5, and CS6 also showed varying agreement rates. Additionally, there was robust and statistically significant agreement (p<0.001) between observers in cervical maturation staging, supported by a high Spearman's rho value (r=0.927). Furthermore, substantial agreement was observed with a Kappa value of 0.748, indicating a strong consensus in cervical staging assessments.Conclusion: Cervical vertebral maturation staging is reliable in term of inter-observers agreement. Keywords: Cervical vertebral maturation, Interobserver agreement, Growth assessment","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.819
Ziyad Ahmad, Muhammad Hussain, Muhammad Inam, Muhammad Izhar, Tariq Ahmad
Background: Surgical management of meniscal tear carries financial implications in resource limited settings like ours. Conservative management could address this issue, if its safety and efficacy profile is better understood. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of conservative and surgical management of patients with meniscal tear with conservative management.Material and Methods: Descriptive comparative study of 80 patients with meniscal tear, recruited through non-probability convenient sampling technique, was carried out at Orthopedic unit MMC MTI Mardan, during 1st August 2022 and 31st July 2023. Patients were assigned to surgical and conservative group. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score at baseline and 3 months after treatment were compared for efficacy. Treatment related complications were noted.Results: A total of 80 patients were enrolled with 40 patients in each group (surgical versus conservative). The mean baseline and IKDC score at week 12 in surgical versus conservative group were 45.069±13.301 versus 51.873±17.90 and 79.52±7.40 versus 73.92±11.67 respectively. Surgical group showed treatment response in 37 patients (92.5%) versus 31 (77.5%) in conservative approach (p value 0.060). Surgical site infection was observed in 5 patients (12.5%) in surgical group. Medication related adverse effects were observed in 3 patients (7.5%) in conservative group.Conclusion: No appreciable differences in the clinical results, such as pain reduction or better knee function, between patients who received meniscal surgery and those who underwent conservative treatment for meniscal tears.Keywords: Conservative Approach, Meniscal Injury, Surgical Approach, Treatment Outcomes
{"title":"Comparison of Efficacy and Safety Profile of Conservative Versus Surgical Management of Meniscal Injuries","authors":"Ziyad Ahmad, Muhammad Hussain, Muhammad Inam, Muhammad Izhar, Tariq Ahmad","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.819","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Surgical management of meniscal tear carries financial implications in resource limited settings like ours. Conservative management could address this issue, if its safety and efficacy profile is better understood. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of conservative and surgical management of patients with meniscal tear with conservative management.Material and Methods: Descriptive comparative study of 80 patients with meniscal tear, recruited through non-probability convenient sampling technique, was carried out at Orthopedic unit MMC MTI Mardan, during 1st August 2022 and 31st July 2023. Patients were assigned to surgical and conservative group. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score at baseline and 3 months after treatment were compared for efficacy. Treatment related complications were noted.Results: A total of 80 patients were enrolled with 40 patients in each group (surgical versus conservative). The mean baseline and IKDC score at week 12 in surgical versus conservative group were 45.069±13.301 versus 51.873±17.90 and 79.52±7.40 versus 73.92±11.67 respectively. Surgical group showed treatment response in 37 patients (92.5%) versus 31 (77.5%) in conservative approach (p value 0.060). Surgical site infection was observed in 5 patients (12.5%) in surgical group. Medication related adverse effects were observed in 3 patients (7.5%) in conservative group.Conclusion: No appreciable differences in the clinical results, such as pain reduction or better knee function, between patients who received meniscal surgery and those who underwent conservative treatment for meniscal tears.Keywords: Conservative Approach, Meniscal Injury, Surgical Approach, Treatment Outcomes","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.818
Zaif Ur Rahman, Rubeena Gul, Kashif ur Rehman Khalil, Humera Gabeen, Khalid Mahmood Quereshi, Aziza Alam
Background: Malnutrition is a pressing public health crisis in Pakistan that requires immediate attention. The prevalence of malnutrition is on the rise due to various factors including social and economic factors.Objectives: To find out the prevalence and causative factors of under nutrition in district Peshawar.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2022 and December 2022, in the Peshawar district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A sample size of 400 children under the age of five years using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, Anthropometric measures were taken to determine the children's nutritional status. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 23 for Windows.Results: The study found that 39.3% of children were suffering from stunting, 16% from wasting, and 22.3% from underweight. Under nutrition was significantly associated with factors such as urban/rural areas, parents' education, maternal factors, family income, gender, and weight at birth (p-value < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference found between family type, maternal television watching, and under nutrition. The study also revealed that children aged =5 months were more likely to be undernourished than older children.Conclusion: Undernourishment is a critical issue in district Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The prevalence of undernourishment is alarmingly high in rural areas as compared to urban areas.Keywords: Anthropometric, Stunting, Under nutrition, Underweight, Wasting.
{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Under Nutrition among Under-Five Children in Peshawar District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"Zaif Ur Rahman, Rubeena Gul, Kashif ur Rehman Khalil, Humera Gabeen, Khalid Mahmood Quereshi, Aziza Alam","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.818","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition is a pressing public health crisis in Pakistan that requires immediate attention. The prevalence of malnutrition is on the rise due to various factors including social and economic factors.Objectives: To find out the prevalence and causative factors of under nutrition in district Peshawar.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2022 and December 2022, in the Peshawar district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A sample size of 400 children under the age of five years using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, Anthropometric measures were taken to determine the children's nutritional status. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 23 for Windows.Results: The study found that 39.3% of children were suffering from stunting, 16% from wasting, and 22.3% from underweight. Under nutrition was significantly associated with factors such as urban/rural areas, parents' education, maternal factors, family income, gender, and weight at birth (p-value < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference found between family type, maternal television watching, and under nutrition. The study also revealed that children aged =5 months were more likely to be undernourished than older children.Conclusion: Undernourishment is a critical issue in district Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The prevalence of undernourishment is alarmingly high in rural areas as compared to urban areas.Keywords: Anthropometric, Stunting, Under nutrition, Underweight, Wasting.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.800
Azmatullah, Naeemullah, Muhammad Imran Marwat, Muhammad Altaf, Mashal Khan
Background: An organization's ability to deliver quality services completely depends on its management of human resource in an efficient manner. To maximize potential of health-care professionals, job satisfaction becomes utmost significant. Objectives: To assess the impact of financial and non-financial rewards on job satisfaction of employees of Health Secretariat Department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2019 to August 2019. A pilot tested and validated semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the employees of health secretariat department through convenience sampling technique. A total of 50 forms were analyzed through SPSS and AMOS. Satisfaction in job, financial and non-financial rewards were tested for their t-statistics and significance level using multiple linear regressions followed by determining effects of moderator of age, experience, and education when employed as an interaction variable. Results: The study results demonstrate that non-financial rewards have more significant relationship (p < 0.05) in determining job satisfaction of employees compared to financial rewards. However, the moderators of increase in age, education and experience (AEE) were seen to enhance the job satisfaction-financial rewards (JS-FR) relationship while AEE had no impact on job satisfaction-nonfinancial rewards (JS-NFR) relationship. Conclusion: The non-financial rewards (recognition, responsibility, autonomy and provision of skill enhancement opportunities) are shown to play a key role in job satisfaction of employees. Hence health organizations should consider them included in their management for more job satisfaction.Keywords: Financial Rewards, Health Care, Human Resource, Job Satisfaction, Pakistan.
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Financial and Non-financial Rewards on Job Satisfaction: A Cross-sectional Study Among Employees of Health Secretariat Department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"Azmatullah, Naeemullah, Muhammad Imran Marwat, Muhammad Altaf, Mashal Khan","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.1.800","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An organization's ability to deliver quality services completely depends on its management of human resource in an efficient manner. To maximize potential of health-care professionals, job satisfaction becomes utmost significant. Objectives: To assess the impact of financial and non-financial rewards on job satisfaction of employees of Health Secretariat Department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2019 to August 2019. A pilot tested and validated semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the employees of health secretariat department through convenience sampling technique. A total of 50 forms were analyzed through SPSS and AMOS. Satisfaction in job, financial and non-financial rewards were tested for their t-statistics and significance level using multiple linear regressions followed by determining effects of moderator of age, experience, and education when employed as an interaction variable. Results: The study results demonstrate that non-financial rewards have more significant relationship (p < 0.05) in determining job satisfaction of employees compared to financial rewards. However, the moderators of increase in age, education and experience (AEE) were seen to enhance the job satisfaction-financial rewards (JS-FR) relationship while AEE had no impact on job satisfaction-nonfinancial rewards (JS-NFR) relationship. Conclusion: The non-financial rewards (recognition, responsibility, autonomy and provision of skill enhancement opportunities) are shown to play a key role in job satisfaction of employees. Hence health organizations should consider them included in their management for more job satisfaction.Keywords: Financial Rewards, Health Care, Human Resource, Job Satisfaction, Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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