Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.4.662
M. Iqbal
Fungal rhino sinusitis is a life threating, aggressive, angioinvasive infection caused by a group of fungai called mucormycetes and aspergillus as well1. Spores of these fungai are present in the soil, air decaying material and animal dungs. They are inhaled and swallowed to cause infection. It affects mainly immune compromised patients like uncontrolled diabetes (fungus grows and flourish at high sugar level), organ transplant individuals and patients on long term steroid therapy2. Apart from the Covid-19 the fungal infection is not contagious.
{"title":"FUNGAL RHINO SINUSITIS DURING COVID-19 ERA","authors":"M. Iqbal","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.4.662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.4.662","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal rhino sinusitis is a life threating, aggressive, angioinvasive infection caused by a group of fungai called mucormycetes and aspergillus as well1. Spores of these fungai are present in the soil, air decaying material and animal dungs. They are inhaled and swallowed to cause infection. It affects mainly immune compromised patients like uncontrolled diabetes (fungus grows and flourish at high sugar level), organ transplant individuals and patients on long term steroid therapy2. Apart from the Covid-19 the fungal infection is not contagious.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130200651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.3.642
Saima Abid, M. Tahir, Noore Saba
Thalassemia is a preventable hereditary disorder,each of the parent must be autosomal recessive tohave a child with serious symptoms of the majordisease. Thalassemia occurs due to abnormal ordeficient Hemoglobin (an iron containing proteins)in Red Blood cells. Depending upon the type ofproteins involved, there are two types ofThalassemia, aThalassemia and (3 Thalassemia 12
{"title":"Thalassemia & Covid-19 In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan","authors":"Saima Abid, M. Tahir, Noore Saba","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.3.642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.3.642","url":null,"abstract":"Thalassemia is a preventable hereditary disorder,each of the parent must be autosomal recessive tohave a child with serious symptoms of the majordisease. Thalassemia occurs due to abnormal ordeficient Hemoglobin (an iron containing proteins)in Red Blood cells. Depending upon the type ofproteins involved, there are two types ofThalassemia, aThalassemia and (3 Thalassemia 12","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114537989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-17DOI: 10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.1-2
Saima Perveen
Foetal Neuro-Protection-Role of Magnesium Sulphate
硫酸镁对胎儿神经的保护作用
{"title":"Foetal Neuro-Protection-Role of Magnesium Sulphate","authors":"Saima Perveen","doi":"10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Foetal Neuro-Protection-Role of Magnesium Sulphate","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121408609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-17DOI: 10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.58-60
A. Hadi
It is well known that, medical teachers and supervisors are involved in teaching process with under graduate and postgraduate students
众所周知，医学教师和导师参与了本科生和研究生的教学过程
{"title":"How to Make Your Feedback Effective?","authors":"A. Hadi","doi":"10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.58-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.58-60","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that, medical teachers and supervisors are involved in teaching process with under graduate and postgraduate students","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131102276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-17DOI: 10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.34-38
Zareena Begam, N. Zahir, Farhadia Sadaf
Background: Primary postpartum hemorrhage has a significant effect on maternal morbidity and mortality. Proper treatment andin time management of the patient have showed to decrease this morbidity and mortality a lot.Objective: The objective of our study is to find out the efficacy of balloon tamponade in the management of primarypostpartum hemorrhage.Material and Method: This study was conducted in Saidu group of teaching hospital, swat from 1st august 2018 to 31st July2019. All the patient with Primary postpartum hemorrhage were included in the study. All patients were first managed bymedical therapy and when the medial therapy failed then balloon catheter tamponade were introduced and patients werenoticed for stoppage of bleeding within few minutes.Result: Mean age was 27.04±5.42 years. 72 patients failed from medical therapy which was managed by condom tamponade.The response rate of condom tamponade in these 72 patient was 69 (95.83%) while 3 (4.17%) did not respond. There was nosignificant effect of age, gravida on the response rate of Balloon tamponade.Conclusion: The response rate to Balloon Catheter tamponade is high in patient with Primary postpartum hemorrhage due touterine atony. It should be tried before preceding to other Surgical management like Be-lynch, uterine artery ligation orhysterectomy in cases of medical therapy failure.Key Words: primary postpartum hemorrhage, Medical Management, Condom catheter, Response rate.
{"title":"Efficacy of Condom Balloon Tamponade in Management of Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage","authors":"Zareena Begam, N. Zahir, Farhadia Sadaf","doi":"10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.34-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.34-38","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Primary postpartum hemorrhage has a significant effect on maternal morbidity and mortality. Proper treatment andin time management of the patient have showed to decrease this morbidity and mortality a lot.Objective: The objective of our study is to find out the efficacy of balloon tamponade in the management of primarypostpartum hemorrhage.Material and Method: This study was conducted in Saidu group of teaching hospital, swat from 1st august 2018 to 31st July2019. All the patient with Primary postpartum hemorrhage were included in the study. All patients were first managed bymedical therapy and when the medial therapy failed then balloon catheter tamponade were introduced and patients werenoticed for stoppage of bleeding within few minutes.Result: Mean age was 27.04±5.42 years. 72 patients failed from medical therapy which was managed by condom tamponade.The response rate of condom tamponade in these 72 patient was 69 (95.83%) while 3 (4.17%) did not respond. There was nosignificant effect of age, gravida on the response rate of Balloon tamponade.Conclusion: The response rate to Balloon Catheter tamponade is high in patient with Primary postpartum hemorrhage due touterine atony. It should be tried before preceding to other Surgical management like Be-lynch, uterine artery ligation orhysterectomy in cases of medical therapy failure.Key Words: primary postpartum hemorrhage, Medical Management, Condom catheter, Response rate.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116981605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-17DOI: 10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.30-33
L. Ali, A. Badar
Background: Head injury is the most serious problem all around the world. Over the last 200 years both surgical and conservativemanagement have been evolved. Chronological surgical management yields better outcome by decreasing mortality andmorbidity. Wound debridement, repair of dural defect and closure of wound are standard principles in management.Objective: To study the outcomes of surgical management of depressed skull fracture.Material and methods: This study was conducted in Shifa Medical center from 1st June 2016 to 30thJune 2019. Clinical featurescause, and computerized tomography (CT) pictures were compiled in proforma. Whenever depressed fracture size exceeded than5mm, cosmetically disfiguring and fracture over the sinus were operated. All the patients were followed for six months.Results: Total of 60 patients were included 42 patients (70%) were male and 18(30%) were female. Pediatric population was majorcontributor 36 out of 60 patients (ratio60%). 56 patients (93.33%)operated, 4 patients (6.67%) were treated conservatively. These 4patients(6.67%) had severe head injury and were put on ventilator 32 patients (53.3%)fully recovered, 12 patients (20%) hadmoderate disability, 8 patients (13%) had severe disability and 3 patients(4.8%)pass away in this study.Conclusion: It was found that, depressed skull fracture was mostly common in children. Usage of antibiotic and anticonvulsantshad effective results in term of preventing infection and epilepsy during perioperative period. Initial stage surgical treatment isexceptionally required where size of fracture exceed 5mm. Outcome depended upon the sternness of injury and existence ofassociated intra cerebral lesion.Key words: surgical management, depressed skull fracture (DSF) and CSF leakage.
{"title":"Management Of Depressed Skull Fracture","authors":"L. Ali, A. Badar","doi":"10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.30-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.30-33","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Head injury is the most serious problem all around the world. Over the last 200 years both surgical and conservativemanagement have been evolved. Chronological surgical management yields better outcome by decreasing mortality andmorbidity. Wound debridement, repair of dural defect and closure of wound are standard principles in management.Objective: To study the outcomes of surgical management of depressed skull fracture.Material and methods: This study was conducted in Shifa Medical center from 1st June 2016 to 30thJune 2019. Clinical featurescause, and computerized tomography (CT) pictures were compiled in proforma. Whenever depressed fracture size exceeded than5mm, cosmetically disfiguring and fracture over the sinus were operated. All the patients were followed for six months.Results: Total of 60 patients were included 42 patients (70%) were male and 18(30%) were female. Pediatric population was majorcontributor 36 out of 60 patients (ratio60%). 56 patients (93.33%)operated, 4 patients (6.67%) were treated conservatively. These 4patients(6.67%) had severe head injury and were put on ventilator 32 patients (53.3%)fully recovered, 12 patients (20%) hadmoderate disability, 8 patients (13%) had severe disability and 3 patients(4.8%)pass away in this study.Conclusion: It was found that, depressed skull fracture was mostly common in children. Usage of antibiotic and anticonvulsantshad effective results in term of preventing infection and epilepsy during perioperative period. Initial stage surgical treatment isexceptionally required where size of fracture exceed 5mm. Outcome depended upon the sternness of injury and existence ofassociated intra cerebral lesion.Key words: surgical management, depressed skull fracture (DSF) and CSF leakage.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114389995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-17DOI: 10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.56-57
A. Khaliq, Mumtaz Ali, F. Azam, M. Ayub
Hydrocephalus in children is either treated by ventriculoperitoneal shunt or Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) dependingupon specific factors pertaining to clinical and radiological diagnosis. There are many complications of ventriculoperitoneal shuntand migration of peritoneal to scrotum, anal canal, urinarry bladder has been reported. The intra abdominal complications aremanaged by a combined team work of neurosurgeon and Pediatric surgeon.We have reported a case in which patient was diagnosed as congenital hydrocephalus with a lumbar myelomeningocele one yearback, Right sided ventriculoperitoneal shunt was passed initially followed by lumbar myelomeningocele repair. Now patient waspresented by parents with scrotal swelling, clinical examination and shunt series X-rays showed migration of lower end ofventriculoperitoneal shunt to scrotum, pediatric surgeon was consulted in same institution, a single incision at right inguinalligament was used to replace the migrated catheter into abdomen and hernia repair.Key Words: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt, Scrotal migration, Post-operative shunt complications
{"title":"Migration of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt to Scrotum via Patent Processus Vaginalis","authors":"A. Khaliq, Mumtaz Ali, F. Azam, M. Ayub","doi":"10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.56-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.56-57","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrocephalus in children is either treated by ventriculoperitoneal shunt or Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) dependingupon specific factors pertaining to clinical and radiological diagnosis. There are many complications of ventriculoperitoneal shuntand migration of peritoneal to scrotum, anal canal, urinarry bladder has been reported. The intra abdominal complications aremanaged by a combined team work of neurosurgeon and Pediatric surgeon.We have reported a case in which patient was diagnosed as congenital hydrocephalus with a lumbar myelomeningocele one yearback, Right sided ventriculoperitoneal shunt was passed initially followed by lumbar myelomeningocele repair. Now patient waspresented by parents with scrotal swelling, clinical examination and shunt series X-rays showed migration of lower end ofventriculoperitoneal shunt to scrotum, pediatric surgeon was consulted in same institution, a single incision at right inguinalligament was used to replace the migrated catheter into abdomen and hernia repair.Key Words: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt, Scrotal migration, Post-operative shunt complications","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131696557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-17DOI: 10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.45-49
Osama A. Khan, M. Khan, M. Azam, Z. Abideen, S. Uddin
Back ground: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common cause of morbidity in elderly patients due to degenerative changes ofspine. Different surgical procedures have been proposed including open lumbar laminectomy and other less invasivedecompressive procedures to minimize soft tissue damage and lessen the post-operative complication. So we conducted thisstudy to find more appropriate and less invasive procedure.Objective: To compare mean post-operative back pain score in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis undergoing bilateraldecompression via unilateral approach versus classic laminectomy.Material and Methods: This randomized control trial was carried out in department of neurosurgery, Saidu Teaching HospitalSharif Swat from April 2018 to October 2018.Atotal of 60 patients having confirmed degenerative lumbar spine stenosis with painscore of >5 on Visual Analogue Score (VAS) presenting in outpatient department were included in the study. Patients not willing forthe study and fulfilling the set exclusion criteria were excluded. Patients were divided in two groups randomly on basis of lotterymethod. Written informed consent was taken and VAS at presentation of all patients was recorded. In group Apatient underwentbilateral decompression via unilateral approach. In-group B patient underwent classic laminectomy. Pain evaluation in both groupsvia Visual Analogue Scoring was recorded before surgery and at 1month post-operative follow-up. Follow up was advised at a 2weeks interval and final outcome was measured at 1 month post operatively. Data collected was analyzed through SPSS 22.Results: In our study the mean age of the patients was 59.12±12.88 years, the male to female ratio was 0.9:1. Statistically highlysignificant difference was found between the study groups with pain at 1st month i.e. p-value=0.000.Conclusion: The bilateral decompression via unilateral approach had significantly reduced post-operative pain as compared toclassic laminectomy in patients with LSS.Key words: pain, classic laminectomy, bilateral decompression, unilateral approach, lumbar spinal Stenosis
{"title":"A Comparison of Bilateral Decompression via Unilateral Approach and Classic Laminectomy in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis in terms of postoperative back pain.","authors":"Osama A. Khan, M. Khan, M. Azam, Z. Abideen, S. Uddin","doi":"10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.45-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.45-49","url":null,"abstract":"Back ground: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common cause of morbidity in elderly patients due to degenerative changes ofspine. Different surgical procedures have been proposed including open lumbar laminectomy and other less invasivedecompressive procedures to minimize soft tissue damage and lessen the post-operative complication. So we conducted thisstudy to find more appropriate and less invasive procedure.Objective: To compare mean post-operative back pain score in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis undergoing bilateraldecompression via unilateral approach versus classic laminectomy.Material and Methods: This randomized control trial was carried out in department of neurosurgery, Saidu Teaching HospitalSharif Swat from April 2018 to October 2018.Atotal of 60 patients having confirmed degenerative lumbar spine stenosis with painscore of >5 on Visual Analogue Score (VAS) presenting in outpatient department were included in the study. Patients not willing forthe study and fulfilling the set exclusion criteria were excluded. Patients were divided in two groups randomly on basis of lotterymethod. Written informed consent was taken and VAS at presentation of all patients was recorded. In group Apatient underwentbilateral decompression via unilateral approach. In-group B patient underwent classic laminectomy. Pain evaluation in both groupsvia Visual Analogue Scoring was recorded before surgery and at 1month post-operative follow-up. Follow up was advised at a 2weeks interval and final outcome was measured at 1 month post operatively. Data collected was analyzed through SPSS 22.Results: In our study the mean age of the patients was 59.12±12.88 years, the male to female ratio was 0.9:1. Statistically highlysignificant difference was found between the study groups with pain at 1st month i.e. p-value=0.000.Conclusion: The bilateral decompression via unilateral approach had significantly reduced post-operative pain as compared toclassic laminectomy in patients with LSS.Key words: pain, classic laminectomy, bilateral decompression, unilateral approach, lumbar spinal Stenosis","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114511232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-17DOI: 10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.24-29
Maryam Bibi, Walayat Shah, M. Asif, M. Khattak, A. Jamil, Bushra Nasib
Background: Urothelial carcinoma is the common carcinoma of urothelium. Its incidence is high in developed countries but itsoccurrence is increasing in developing countries like Pakistan with mortality rate of 3.8/100,000 in males and 1/100,000 in females.HER2 is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR/ERBB) family.Amplification or over-expression ofthis oncogene has been shown to play an important role in the development and progression urothelial carcinoma.Objective: To evaluate the relationship between HER2/NEU expression and grades of urothelial carcinoma bladderMaterial and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study for the period of six months from January to June, 2017conducted at Pathology section Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar. After approval from university Ethical board 63 cases wereselected by purposive sampling.The Tissue samples from diagnosed cases of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder were included.Cases of urothelial carcinoma from other sites were excluded. Paraffin embedded tissue blocks were cut and sections stained byH&E to evaluate histopathological features and tumor grades. Immunohistochemical expression of HER2 was determinedapplying standard techniques of immunohistochemistry.Results: Out of total 63 cases, 47 were males and 16 were female with a mean age of 60.7 years (range 14-90 years). There were38 High grade, 23 Low grade and 2 cases of PUNLMP. 36 cases were positive for HER2 expression in which 26(72.2%) were Highgrade, 9(25%) of Low grade and 1(2.7%) of PUNLMP. High grade was more common in HER2 positive cases and this relationshipwas significant (p<.05). Among positive 36 cases, 19 cases of +3 score were High grade, 05 in Low grade and 01 in PUNLMP whilescore 2+ was in 07 cases of High grade and 04 were in Low grade. The relationship of HER2 score was not significantly related tograde of tumor (p>.05)Conclusion: HER2 is highly expressed in high grades of urothelial carcinoma bladder and this relationship between HER2expression and tumor grades is statistically significant.Keywords: HER2, Urothelial carcinoma, Grades, Immunohistochemistry
{"title":"Correlation of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (Her2-neu) Marker with the Grades of Urothelial Carcinoma","authors":"Maryam Bibi, Walayat Shah, M. Asif, M. Khattak, A. Jamil, Bushra Nasib","doi":"10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.24-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.1.24-29","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urothelial carcinoma is the common carcinoma of urothelium. Its incidence is high in developed countries but itsoccurrence is increasing in developing countries like Pakistan with mortality rate of 3.8/100,000 in males and 1/100,000 in females.HER2 is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR/ERBB) family.Amplification or over-expression ofthis oncogene has been shown to play an important role in the development and progression urothelial carcinoma.Objective: To evaluate the relationship between HER2/NEU expression and grades of urothelial carcinoma bladderMaterial and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study for the period of six months from January to June, 2017conducted at Pathology section Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar. After approval from university Ethical board 63 cases wereselected by purposive sampling.The Tissue samples from diagnosed cases of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder were included.Cases of urothelial carcinoma from other sites were excluded. Paraffin embedded tissue blocks were cut and sections stained byH&E to evaluate histopathological features and tumor grades. Immunohistochemical expression of HER2 was determinedapplying standard techniques of immunohistochemistry.Results: Out of total 63 cases, 47 were males and 16 were female with a mean age of 60.7 years (range 14-90 years). There were38 High grade, 23 Low grade and 2 cases of PUNLMP. 36 cases were positive for HER2 expression in which 26(72.2%) were Highgrade, 9(25%) of Low grade and 1(2.7%) of PUNLMP. High grade was more common in HER2 positive cases and this relationshipwas significant (p<.05). Among positive 36 cases, 19 cases of +3 score were High grade, 05 in Low grade and 01 in PUNLMP whilescore 2+ was in 07 cases of High grade and 04 were in Low grade. The relationship of HER2 score was not significantly related tograde of tumor (p>.05)Conclusion: HER2 is highly expressed in high grades of urothelial carcinoma bladder and this relationship between HER2expression and tumor grades is statistically significant.Keywords: HER2, Urothelial carcinoma, Grades, Immunohistochemistry","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129684522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-13DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2020.10.2.316
N. Ullah, Mehroze Sajjad, A. Qureshi, A. Ammar
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) especially with ST segment elevation MI (STEMI) is a highly morbid and fatal entity and can result in various electrophysiological and mechanical complications during in hospital stay. Objective: To determine the in hospital outcomes of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, late for thrombolysis. Material and methods: This descriptive cases series was conducted at Rehmatul Lil Alameen Institute of Cardiology, PESSI, Lahore during 01-06-2018 to 31-12-2018. The cases of both genders with age 30 years or more, having ST elevation MI who were late for thrombolysis were included. The patients were looked for various outcomes like cardiogenic shock, left ventricular thrombus, heart block, death or discharge from the hospital. Results: In this study out of 105 cases, 74 (70.5%) males and 31 (29.5%) females. The mean age was 58.40 ± 11.19 years and mean duration of hospital stay was 6.77 ± 3.34 days. LV clot was seen in 7 (6.67%) of the cases, cardiogenic shock in 23 (21.9%) and complete heart block in 4 (3.81%) of the cases. Out of 105 cases, 9 (8.57%) died while rest were discharged. Regarding different types of MI, death was seen in 5 (8.1%) cases in AWMI, 4 (10%) in IWMI and none in LWMI out of their respective groups with p= 0.81. Conclusion: STEMI is a highly morbid entity in cases those are late from thrombolytic and cardiogenic shock is the most common complication observed.
背景:心肌梗死(MI)尤其是ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)是一种高度病态和致命的疾病，可在住院期间导致各种电生理和机械并发症。目的:探讨ST段抬高型心肌梗死晚期溶栓患者的住院预后。材料和方法:本描述性病例系列于2018年1月6日至2018年12月31日在拉合尔PESSI Rehmatul Lil Alameen心脏病研究所进行。纳入年龄在30岁及以上、ST段抬高且溶栓较晚的男性和女性心肌梗死患者。研究人员观察了患者的各种结果，如心源性休克、左心室血栓、心脏传导阻滞、死亡或出院。结果:本组105例病例中，男性74例(70.5%)，女性31例(29.5%)。患者平均年龄58.40±11.19岁，平均住院时间6.77±3.34天。左室血栓7例(6.67%)，心源性休克23例(21.9%)，完全性心脏传导阻滞4例(3.81%)。105例中死亡9例(8.57%)，其余出院。就不同类型的心肌梗死而言，AWMI组有5例(8.1%)死亡，IWMI组有4例(10%)死亡，LWMI组无死亡，p= 0.81。结论:STEMI是晚期溶栓患者的高发病率，心源性休克是最常见的并发症。
{"title":"In Hospital Outcomes of Patients with ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Late for Thrombolysis","authors":"N. Ullah, Mehroze Sajjad, A. Qureshi, A. Ammar","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2020.10.2.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2020.10.2.316","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) especially with ST segment elevation MI (STEMI) is a highly morbid and fatal entity and can result in various electrophysiological and mechanical complications during in hospital stay. Objective: To determine the in hospital outcomes of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, late for thrombolysis. Material and methods: This descriptive cases series was conducted at Rehmatul Lil Alameen Institute of Cardiology, PESSI, Lahore during 01-06-2018 to 31-12-2018. The cases of both genders with age 30 years or more, having ST elevation MI who were late for thrombolysis were included. The patients were looked for various outcomes like cardiogenic shock, left ventricular thrombus, heart block, death or discharge from the hospital. Results: In this study out of 105 cases, 74 (70.5%) males and 31 (29.5%) females. The mean age was 58.40 ± 11.19 years and mean duration of hospital stay was 6.77 ± 3.34 days. LV clot was seen in 7 (6.67%) of the cases, cardiogenic shock in 23 (21.9%) and complete heart block in 4 (3.81%) of the cases. Out of 105 cases, 9 (8.57%) died while rest were discharged. Regarding different types of MI, death was seen in 5 (8.1%) cases in AWMI, 4 (10%) in IWMI and none in LWMI out of their respective groups with p= 0.81. Conclusion: STEMI is a highly morbid entity in cases those are late from thrombolytic and cardiogenic shock is the most common complication observed.","PeriodicalId":326561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122312902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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