The energy demands from data centers contribute greatly to water scarcity footprint and carbon emissions. Understanding the use of on-site renewable power generation is an important step to gain insight into making data centers more sustainable. This novel study examines the impact of on-site solar or wind energy on data center water scarcity usage effectiveness (WSUE) and carbon usage effectiveness (CUE) at a U.S. county scale for a given data center size, water consumption level, and energy efficiency. The analysis uncovers combinations of specific metrics associated with grid-based carbon emissions and water scarcity footprint that enable predictions of the improvements anticipated when implementing on-site solar or wind energy. The implementation of on-site renewables has the most benefit in reducing carbon footprint in areas with high existing grid-based emissions such as the western side of the Appalachian Mountains (e.g., central and eastern Kentucky). The largest benefit in reducing water scarcity footprint is generally seen in counties with low water scarcity compared to adjacent areas (e.g., northern California).
{"title":"Data Center Environmental Burden Reduction Through On-Site Renewable Power Generation","authors":"Matthew McMullen, A. Wemhoff","doi":"10.1115/1.4065053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The energy demands from data centers contribute greatly to water scarcity footprint and carbon emissions. Understanding the use of on-site renewable power generation is an important step to gain insight into making data centers more sustainable. This novel study examines the impact of on-site solar or wind energy on data center water scarcity usage effectiveness (WSUE) and carbon usage effectiveness (CUE) at a U.S. county scale for a given data center size, water consumption level, and energy efficiency. The analysis uncovers combinations of specific metrics associated with grid-based carbon emissions and water scarcity footprint that enable predictions of the improvements anticipated when implementing on-site solar or wind energy. The implementation of on-site renewables has the most benefit in reducing carbon footprint in areas with high existing grid-based emissions such as the western side of the Appalachian Mountains (e.g., central and eastern Kentucky). The largest benefit in reducing water scarcity footprint is generally seen in counties with low water scarcity compared to adjacent areas (e.g., northern California).","PeriodicalId":326594,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incorporation of emerging technologies, including solar photovoltaics, electric vehicles, battery energy storage, smart devices, internet-of-things (IoT) devices, and sensors in buildings, desirable control objectives are becoming increasingly complex, calling for advanced control approaches. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful method for this, that can adapt and learn from environmental interaction, but it can take a long time to learn and can be unstable initially due to limited environmental knowledge. In our research, we propose an online RL approach for buildings that uses data-driven surrogate models to guide the RL agent during its early training. This helps the controller learn faster and more stably than the traditional direct plug-and-learn online learning approach. In this research, we propose an online approach in buildings with RL where, with the help of data-driven surrogate models, the RL agent is guided during its early exploratory training stage, aiding the controller to learn a near-optimal policy faster and exhibiting more stable training progress than a traditional direct plug-and-learn online learning RL approach. The agents are assisted in their learning and action with information gained from the surrogate models generating multiple artificial trajectories starting from the current state. The research presented an exploration of various surrogate model-assisted training methods and revealed that models focusing on artificial trajectories around rule-based controls yielded the most stable performance. In contrast, models employing random exploration with a one-step look-ahead approach demonstrated superior overall performance.
{"title":"Reinforcement Learning Building Control: An Online Approach with Guided Exploration using Surrogate Models","authors":"Sourav Dey, Gregor Henze","doi":"10.1115/1.4064842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064842","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The incorporation of emerging technologies, including solar photovoltaics, electric vehicles, battery energy storage, smart devices, internet-of-things (IoT) devices, and sensors in buildings, desirable control objectives are becoming increasingly complex, calling for advanced control approaches. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful method for this, that can adapt and learn from environmental interaction, but it can take a long time to learn and can be unstable initially due to limited environmental knowledge. In our research, we propose an online RL approach for buildings that uses data-driven surrogate models to guide the RL agent during its early training. This helps the controller learn faster and more stably than the traditional direct plug-and-learn online learning approach. In this research, we propose an online approach in buildings with RL where, with the help of data-driven surrogate models, the RL agent is guided during its early exploratory training stage, aiding the controller to learn a near-optimal policy faster and exhibiting more stable training progress than a traditional direct plug-and-learn online learning RL approach. The agents are assisted in their learning and action with information gained from the surrogate models generating multiple artificial trajectories starting from the current state. The research presented an exploration of various surrogate model-assisted training methods and revealed that models focusing on artificial trajectories around rule-based controls yielded the most stable performance. In contrast, models employing random exploration with a one-step look-ahead approach demonstrated superior overall performance.","PeriodicalId":326594,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingqiao Jiang, Khaled Hashad, Zachary E. Lee, K. M. Zhang
Without proper battery thermal management, electric vehicles (EVs) suffer from significantly reduced efficiency and performance in cold climates, creating a barrier to electrifying the transportation sector. In this study, we have developed a modular, hybrid battery thermal management system that combines phase change material (PCM) with internal heating. This hybrid system uses PCM to store waste heat generated during driving, maintaining the battery temperature during shorter stops between consecutive trips. For longer stops, internal heating can re-heat the battery if the latent heat of the PCM has dissipated. Moreover, by applying PCM on the outside, the proposed system is modular, requiring no structural change within the existing battery module and reducing the impact of increased thermal inertia on battery re-heating time. Through both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, we found that the proposed system could hold the battery temperature above 20°C for around 2 hours at an ambient temperature of −15°C and achieved a battery-reheating time (from 0°C to 20°C) of only 11 minutes. By reusing waste heat during short stops, this system can promote EV adoption in cold climates through improved battery efficiency, particularly for EVs making frequent stops, such as taxis and delivery vehicles.
{"title":"A Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicle Operations in Cold Climates","authors":"Yingqiao Jiang, Khaled Hashad, Zachary E. Lee, K. M. Zhang","doi":"10.1115/1.4064712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064712","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Without proper battery thermal management, electric vehicles (EVs) suffer from significantly reduced efficiency and performance in cold climates, creating a barrier to electrifying the transportation sector. In this study, we have developed a modular, hybrid battery thermal management system that combines phase change material (PCM) with internal heating. This hybrid system uses PCM to store waste heat generated during driving, maintaining the battery temperature during shorter stops between consecutive trips. For longer stops, internal heating can re-heat the battery if the latent heat of the PCM has dissipated. Moreover, by applying PCM on the outside, the proposed system is modular, requiring no structural change within the existing battery module and reducing the impact of increased thermal inertia on battery re-heating time. Through both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, we found that the proposed system could hold the battery temperature above 20°C for around 2 hours at an ambient temperature of −15°C and achieved a battery-reheating time (from 0°C to 20°C) of only 11 minutes. By reusing waste heat during short stops, this system can promote EV adoption in cold climates through improved battery efficiency, particularly for EVs making frequent stops, such as taxis and delivery vehicles.","PeriodicalId":326594,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities","volume":"126 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingqiao Jiang, Khaled Hashad, Zachary E. Lee, K. M. Zhang
Without proper battery thermal management, electric vehicles (EVs) suffer from significantly reduced efficiency and performance in cold climates, creating a barrier to electrifying the transportation sector. In this study, we have developed a modular, hybrid battery thermal management system that combines phase change material (PCM) with internal heating. This hybrid system uses PCM to store waste heat generated during driving, maintaining the battery temperature during shorter stops between consecutive trips. For longer stops, internal heating can re-heat the battery if the latent heat of the PCM has dissipated. Moreover, by applying PCM on the outside, the proposed system is modular, requiring no structural change within the existing battery module and reducing the impact of increased thermal inertia on battery re-heating time. Through both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, we found that the proposed system could hold the battery temperature above 20°C for around 2 hours at an ambient temperature of −15°C and achieved a battery-reheating time (from 0°C to 20°C) of only 11 minutes. By reusing waste heat during short stops, this system can promote EV adoption in cold climates through improved battery efficiency, particularly for EVs making frequent stops, such as taxis and delivery vehicles.
{"title":"A Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicle Operations in Cold Climates","authors":"Yingqiao Jiang, Khaled Hashad, Zachary E. Lee, K. M. Zhang","doi":"10.1115/1.4064712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064712","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Without proper battery thermal management, electric vehicles (EVs) suffer from significantly reduced efficiency and performance in cold climates, creating a barrier to electrifying the transportation sector. In this study, we have developed a modular, hybrid battery thermal management system that combines phase change material (PCM) with internal heating. This hybrid system uses PCM to store waste heat generated during driving, maintaining the battery temperature during shorter stops between consecutive trips. For longer stops, internal heating can re-heat the battery if the latent heat of the PCM has dissipated. Moreover, by applying PCM on the outside, the proposed system is modular, requiring no structural change within the existing battery module and reducing the impact of increased thermal inertia on battery re-heating time. Through both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, we found that the proposed system could hold the battery temperature above 20°C for around 2 hours at an ambient temperature of −15°C and achieved a battery-reheating time (from 0°C to 20°C) of only 11 minutes. By reusing waste heat during short stops, this system can promote EV adoption in cold climates through improved battery efficiency, particularly for EVs making frequent stops, such as taxis and delivery vehicles.","PeriodicalId":326594,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. B. Debnath, David P. Jenkins, S. Patidar, A. Peacock, Ben Bridgens
Of the 33 global megacities, ten were situated in South Asia. Extreme heat waves have become an annual phenomenon due to climate change in South Asian megacities, causing severe health issues and even deaths. In this study, we evaluated 29 years (1990–2019) of historical data on heat stress in ten selected megacities (existing and prospective)—New Delhi, Dhaka, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chittagong, and Pune—in India and Bangladesh. We used Heat Index (HI) and environmental stress index (ESI) analyses to evaluate stress and vulnerability. Our results showed New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, and Chennai in India; Dhaka and Chittagong in Bangladesh were already experiencing an elevated number of hours of “danger” levels of heat stress, which may lead to heat cramps, exhaustion, stroke, and even death. Furthermore, the frequency of “danger” levels of heat stress and vulnerable levels of ESI has increased significantly since 2011 in the selected megacities, which elevated the heat-related vulnerability among the millions of inhabitants in terms of work hours lost for light, moderate, and heavy work due to heat stress. The vulnerable population in the studied megacities might have to reduce annual work hours by 0.25–860.6h (light work), 43–1595.9h (moderate work), and 291-2402h (heavy work) due to extreme heat in 1990–2019. We also discussed the implication of the work-hour loss on productivity, income, GDP, and SDG progress because of heat stress and its causes and suggested recommendations to reduce its impact.
{"title":"Climate change, extreme heat, and South Asian megacities: Impact of heat stress on inhabitants and their productivity","authors":"K. B. Debnath, David P. Jenkins, S. Patidar, A. Peacock, Ben Bridgens","doi":"10.1115/1.4064021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Of the 33 global megacities, ten were situated in South Asia. Extreme heat waves have become an annual phenomenon due to climate change in South Asian megacities, causing severe health issues and even deaths. In this study, we evaluated 29 years (1990–2019) of historical data on heat stress in ten selected megacities (existing and prospective)—New Delhi, Dhaka, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chittagong, and Pune—in India and Bangladesh. We used Heat Index (HI) and environmental stress index (ESI) analyses to evaluate stress and vulnerability. Our results showed New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, and Chennai in India; Dhaka and Chittagong in Bangladesh were already experiencing an elevated number of hours of “danger” levels of heat stress, which may lead to heat cramps, exhaustion, stroke, and even death. Furthermore, the frequency of “danger” levels of heat stress and vulnerable levels of ESI has increased significantly since 2011 in the selected megacities, which elevated the heat-related vulnerability among the millions of inhabitants in terms of work hours lost for light, moderate, and heavy work due to heat stress. The vulnerable population in the studied megacities might have to reduce annual work hours by 0.25–860.6h (light work), 43–1595.9h (moderate work), and 291-2402h (heavy work) due to extreme heat in 1990–2019. We also discussed the implication of the work-hour loss on productivity, income, GDP, and SDG progress because of heat stress and its causes and suggested recommendations to reduce its impact.","PeriodicalId":326594,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities","volume":"10 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“The data collected shows that disaster displacement is a global issue that affects high and low-income countries alike. An average of 24 million new displacements a year were recorded between 2008 and 2018, three times the figure for people displaced by conflict and violence [1].” (Ponserre 2019, 6) ABSTRACT The World Meteorological Organization, an arm of the United Nations, estimates that Swiss glaciers lost 6% of their volume in 2022 [2]. For summer tourism, this is good news. This means a longer season, more tours and more income for businesses. There are steeper costs that come with such short-term benefit of climate change; smaller glaciers mean less drinking water, less water for the crops and less hydroelectricity. This paper outlines how cities may moderate the effects of climate change, adapt nature-based remedies and assure a sustainable future for local populations by analyzing the cross-correlation, magnitude and time-dependence of the “causes” and “effects”. Recognizing that climate-risks are influenced by vectors with non-linear relationship, this paper proposes a dynamic systems approach to urban development and planning in areas prone to such risks. Climate-related risks, such as rise in temperature impacting outside work for typically low-skilled workers or coastal flooding which raises rebuilding costs and thus shrinks the housing stock, push some of the poor to homelessness, crime and drug abuse are interconnected as in a dynamic system, changing with time in scale. Such vectors need to be accounted for and analyzed accordingly.
{"title":"As Existing Cities Adapt to Climate Change Can Dynamic Systems Analysis be Useful in Building a Sustainable Future?","authors":"Amit Ghosh","doi":"10.1115/1.4064182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064182","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 “The data collected shows that disaster displacement is a global issue that affects high and low-income countries alike. An average of 24 million new displacements a year were recorded between 2008 and 2018, three times the figure for people displaced by conflict and violence [1].” (Ponserre 2019, 6) ABSTRACT The World Meteorological Organization, an arm of the United Nations, estimates that Swiss glaciers lost 6% of their volume in 2022 [2]. For summer tourism, this is good news. This means a longer season, more tours and more income for businesses. There are steeper costs that come with such short-term benefit of climate change; smaller glaciers mean less drinking water, less water for the crops and less hydroelectricity. This paper outlines how cities may moderate the effects of climate change, adapt nature-based remedies and assure a sustainable future for local populations by analyzing the cross-correlation, magnitude and time-dependence of the “causes” and “effects”. Recognizing that climate-risks are influenced by vectors with non-linear relationship, this paper proposes a dynamic systems approach to urban development and planning in areas prone to such risks. Climate-related risks, such as rise in temperature impacting outside work for typically low-skilled workers or coastal flooding which raises rebuilding costs and thus shrinks the housing stock, push some of the poor to homelessness, crime and drug abuse are interconnected as in a dynamic system, changing with time in scale. Such vectors need to be accounted for and analyzed accordingly.","PeriodicalId":326594,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138605072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For decades, the climate crisis has been demanding our action and commitment. Numerous efforts to reach an international consensus via climate summits, such as COP25 and the Paris Agreement, have not had any expected results yet. However, many talks about climate change were put on hold during the last two years when the new coronavirus put the world on alert. This process has not been easy as COVID-19 highlighted critical deficiencies in our built environment and urban design. Even though infections battered affluent areas too, the pandemic hit high-poverty areas the hardest. Dense neighborhoods and overcrowded buildings could facilitate the rapid spread of infections due to the difficulty of generating social distancing and the application of extensive quarantines. Yet, various changes have been adopted rapidly. On top of that, the use of public spaces, streets, parks, homes, and all buildings had to be adjusted to control the spread of the virus, which transformed our habits and conceptions. Numerous studies showed great variations in the use of transportation during the pandemic too. Fundamental questions that remain unanswered are: are those changes here to stay? What does the future hold for our built environments? Some even go as far as to question: will cities survive? While many intellectuals and academics call for the end of cities (at least as we know them), some stakeholders urge to return to normality, or so-called status quo.
{"title":"WILL CITIES SURVIVE? SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM FOR FUTURE CITIES","authors":"Massimo Palme, C. Carrasco","doi":"10.1115/1.4064140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064140","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, the climate crisis has been demanding our action and commitment. Numerous efforts to reach an international consensus via climate summits, such as COP25 and the Paris Agreement, have not had any expected results yet. However, many talks about climate change were put on hold during the last two years when the new coronavirus put the world on alert. This process has not been easy as COVID-19 highlighted critical deficiencies in our built environment and urban design. Even though infections battered affluent areas too, the pandemic hit high-poverty areas the hardest. Dense neighborhoods and overcrowded buildings could facilitate the rapid spread of infections due to the difficulty of generating social distancing and the application of extensive quarantines. Yet, various changes have been adopted rapidly. On top of that, the use of public spaces, streets, parks, homes, and all buildings had to be adjusted to control the spread of the virus, which transformed our habits and conceptions. Numerous studies showed great variations in the use of transportation during the pandemic too. Fundamental questions that remain unanswered are: are those changes here to stay? What does the future hold for our built environments? Some even go as far as to question: will cities survive? While many intellectuals and academics call for the end of cities (at least as we know them), some stakeholders urge to return to normality, or so-called status quo.","PeriodicalId":326594,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The complexity of urbanisation is a significant obstacle to sustainable planning policies and strategies, particularly concerning the growth of informal spaces in developing countries. Occupying or appropriating such urban spaces gives these areas new functions. Building upon previous research, this study illustrates the spatial properties and explains the motivation for production in informal spaces for gardening and plant cultivation. Additionally, this paper considers activities conducted related to their use and utilisation patterns. Moreover, the work evaluates the positive impact of the informal gardens and supports requirements for their maintenance or improvement. Additionally, the study discusses how using public space for gardening can contribute to sustainable urban planning strategies and their alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study applies a quantitative and qualitative approach, combining a questionnaire, participant observations, plot mapping, and photographs, drawing on empirical evidence from Piura, Peru, to comprehensively depict various processes at this site. The field analysis illustrates why people transform such spaces and these areas' uses, highlighting the potential benefits of enhancing the ecological knowledge of urban dwellers. This process cultivates an appreciation for the role of urban gardens in promoting sustainability and improving quality of life. The work examines the role that the informal use of public space can play in urban planning and development strategies. Consequently, planners, committed to social justice, can use these processes as a roadmap for constructing a more inclusive, responsive and equitable city.
{"title":"Exploration of informal space production and its potential for sustainable urban planning: A case study of community gardens in Piura, Peru","authors":"Stella Schroeder","doi":"10.1115/1.4064120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064120","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of urbanisation is a significant obstacle to sustainable planning policies and strategies, particularly concerning the growth of informal spaces in developing countries. Occupying or appropriating such urban spaces gives these areas new functions. Building upon previous research, this study illustrates the spatial properties and explains the motivation for production in informal spaces for gardening and plant cultivation. Additionally, this paper considers activities conducted related to their use and utilisation patterns. Moreover, the work evaluates the positive impact of the informal gardens and supports requirements for their maintenance or improvement. Additionally, the study discusses how using public space for gardening can contribute to sustainable urban planning strategies and their alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study applies a quantitative and qualitative approach, combining a questionnaire, participant observations, plot mapping, and photographs, drawing on empirical evidence from Piura, Peru, to comprehensively depict various processes at this site. The field analysis illustrates why people transform such spaces and these areas' uses, highlighting the potential benefits of enhancing the ecological knowledge of urban dwellers. This process cultivates an appreciation for the role of urban gardens in promoting sustainability and improving quality of life. The work examines the role that the informal use of public space can play in urban planning and development strategies. Consequently, planners, committed to social justice, can use these processes as a roadmap for constructing a more inclusive, responsive and equitable city.","PeriodicalId":326594,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities","volume":"31 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is happening, and there is a general consensus that measures to drastically reduce emissions must be taken. Nevertheless, its implications on new buildings and renovations are not fully understood yet. Bioclimatic building design is based on the knowledge of passive design strategies potential for a location. However, traditionally used passive strategies may no longer be the correct design approach in the future. A methodological contribution for the assessment of the influence of climate change on passive building strategies in temperate climates is presented. Based on the top priority IPCC scenarios of the 6th Assessment Report (AR6) the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) and their equivalences with the prior Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP), the effects of climate change on different cooling and heating strategies are examined for a continental temperate cold desert climate with significant daily and annual variation. The results are integrated directly into a selected case study with the intention of exemplifying a concrete application. The findings of this study showed that the shading season is expanding even towards the transitional months, such as April and October. Future climate-adapted buildings in temperate climatic zones will have to confront overheating. Moreover, in the particular studied case, present and future total energy requirements seem similar and variations are perceived as low between scenarios. The main discussion focuses the type of energy required that will turn from natural gas (Net to primary energy conversion factor = 1.25) to electricity (Net to primary energy conversion factor 3.30).
{"title":"Passive design strategies in focus. Implications of climate change on new buildings and renovations.","authors":"Carolina Ganem-Karlen, Gustavo J. Barea-Paci","doi":"10.1115/1.4064121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064121","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is happening, and there is a general consensus that measures to drastically reduce emissions must be taken. Nevertheless, its implications on new buildings and renovations are not fully understood yet. Bioclimatic building design is based on the knowledge of passive design strategies potential for a location. However, traditionally used passive strategies may no longer be the correct design approach in the future. A methodological contribution for the assessment of the influence of climate change on passive building strategies in temperate climates is presented. Based on the top priority IPCC scenarios of the 6th Assessment Report (AR6) the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) and their equivalences with the prior Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP), the effects of climate change on different cooling and heating strategies are examined for a continental temperate cold desert climate with significant daily and annual variation. The results are integrated directly into a selected case study with the intention of exemplifying a concrete application. The findings of this study showed that the shading season is expanding even towards the transitional months, such as April and October. Future climate-adapted buildings in temperate climatic zones will have to confront overheating. Moreover, in the particular studied case, present and future total energy requirements seem similar and variations are perceived as low between scenarios. The main discussion focuses the type of energy required that will turn from natural gas (Net to primary energy conversion factor = 1.25) to electricity (Net to primary energy conversion factor 3.30).","PeriodicalId":326594,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krisha Maharjan, Jian Zhang, Heejin Cho, Yang Chen
Distributed energy systems (DES) have been considered as a promising solution due to the benefits on efficiency and environment sides. However, despite the rapid development of distributed energy resources and technologies, the share of the distributed energy generation is still small in comparison to that of traditional generation. Time-of-use (TOU) pricing can be an important incentive strategy to encourage the penetration of distributed energy systems. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization considering the time-of-use pricing impacts is proposed to determine the optimal configuration and capacity of distributed energy system involving different technologies including solar photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal collector (STC), combined heating and power system (CHP), and integrated energy storage (ES). The distributed energy system is designed to satisfy the electric and thermal load of commercial buildings (large hotel and medium office) partially or entirely. The proposed multi-objective optimization is utilized to configurate the optimal combination of distributed energy technologies as well as the system capacity to reduce both the cost and environment impact of the system in different locations. Results show that the proposed optimization method can achieve a trade-off between system cost and environment impact based on the existing time-of-use pricing structure.
{"title":"CO-OPTIMIZATION OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES UNDER TIME-OF-USE PRICING FRAME","authors":"Krisha Maharjan, Jian Zhang, Heejin Cho, Yang Chen","doi":"10.1115/1.4064049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064049","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed energy systems (DES) have been considered as a promising solution due to the benefits on efficiency and environment sides. However, despite the rapid development of distributed energy resources and technologies, the share of the distributed energy generation is still small in comparison to that of traditional generation. Time-of-use (TOU) pricing can be an important incentive strategy to encourage the penetration of distributed energy systems. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization considering the time-of-use pricing impacts is proposed to determine the optimal configuration and capacity of distributed energy system involving different technologies including solar photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal collector (STC), combined heating and power system (CHP), and integrated energy storage (ES). The distributed energy system is designed to satisfy the electric and thermal load of commercial buildings (large hotel and medium office) partially or entirely. The proposed multi-objective optimization is utilized to configurate the optimal combination of distributed energy technologies as well as the system capacity to reduce both the cost and environment impact of the system in different locations. Results show that the proposed optimization method can achieve a trade-off between system cost and environment impact based on the existing time-of-use pricing structure.","PeriodicalId":326594,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139273180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：