Introduction: The female athlete triad (FAT) being a major health concern received global recognition, but not much effort has been put in this direction in India. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of the FAT, in school and college level professional female athletes in Dakshina Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: Survey was conducted using a cluster sampling technique on 64 female athletes between the age group of 15 and 22 years, actively involved in any sports for at least 2 years. The three components of the triad were assessed using standardized, valid, and reliable tools of assessment. Eating disorders were assessed using Eating Attitude Test-26 Scale. Peripheral ankle dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry used to assess bone mineral density. Menstrual abnormalities were assessed based on the predetermined set of questions. Data Interpretations and Results: Descriptive statistics revealed that 6% of the sample studied suffers from FAT, 19% have two components, and 33% have one component positive, that is, they are at high risk of the positive triad. Conclusion: The incidence of the FAT is low, but a significant proportion of the studied sample is at high risk for the triad.
{"title":"An incidence survey of the female athlete triad in school and college level female athletes in Dakshina Karnataka, India","authors":"Keerthika Ranji, Joseph Alexander, Kshama Shetty","doi":"10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_14_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_14_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The female athlete triad (FAT) being a major health concern received global recognition, but not much effort has been put in this direction in India. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of the FAT, in school and college level professional female athletes in Dakshina Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: Survey was conducted using a cluster sampling technique on 64 female athletes between the age group of 15 and 22 years, actively involved in any sports for at least 2 years. The three components of the triad were assessed using standardized, valid, and reliable tools of assessment. Eating disorders were assessed using Eating Attitude Test-26 Scale. Peripheral ankle dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry used to assess bone mineral density. Menstrual abnormalities were assessed based on the predetermined set of questions. Data Interpretations and Results: Descriptive statistics revealed that 6% of the sample studied suffers from FAT, 19% have two components, and 33% have one component positive, that is, they are at high risk of the positive triad. Conclusion: The incidence of the FAT is low, but a significant proportion of the studied sample is at high risk for the triad.","PeriodicalId":326659,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122270142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Usman Thattarauthodiyil, K. Shenoy, Mohammad Mantargi
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of plyometric training and plyometric exercises with dynamic stretching program on vertical jump height (VJH) in female student volleyball athletes. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled study was performed for an 8-week period, with a total number of 90 female volleyball athletes ranging from the age group of between 18 and 22 years. The participants were randomly arranged as two experimental groups and one control group with 30 members in every group. All the participants were analyzed their vertical jump performance with Sargent jump test before starting the exercise training. The performance of VJH was reassessed at the end of every 2 weeks till the completion of training program. Results: The present study results showed a significant improvement on VJH at the end of every 2 weeks in both experimental groups. The maximum effect of VJH was noticed at the end of 8th weeks. The obtained effects of both experimental groups were significantly higher as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, the dynamic stretching with plyometric training group had a significantly better performance on VJH as compared to the experimental Group 1 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study results express that the dynamic stretching with plyometric exercises can be the more advantageous training program for a better vertical jump performance in female college student volleyball athletes.
{"title":"Study on the effects of lower body plyometrics and dynamic stretching on vertical jump in female collegiate volleyball players","authors":"Usman Thattarauthodiyil, K. Shenoy, Mohammad Mantargi","doi":"10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_10_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_10_19","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of plyometric training and plyometric exercises with dynamic stretching program on vertical jump height (VJH) in female student volleyball athletes. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled study was performed for an 8-week period, with a total number of 90 female volleyball athletes ranging from the age group of between 18 and 22 years. The participants were randomly arranged as two experimental groups and one control group with 30 members in every group. All the participants were analyzed their vertical jump performance with Sargent jump test before starting the exercise training. The performance of VJH was reassessed at the end of every 2 weeks till the completion of training program. Results: The present study results showed a significant improvement on VJH at the end of every 2 weeks in both experimental groups. The maximum effect of VJH was noticed at the end of 8th weeks. The obtained effects of both experimental groups were significantly higher as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, the dynamic stretching with plyometric training group had a significantly better performance on VJH as compared to the experimental Group 1 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study results express that the dynamic stretching with plyometric exercises can be the more advantageous training program for a better vertical jump performance in female college student volleyball athletes.","PeriodicalId":326659,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125560239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sohel Ahmed, Rahemun Akter, Avi Saraswat, Vandana Esht
Over the past decade, core stability exercise has become popular for injury prevention and performance enhancement. Although there is scarcity of literature, core stability has become a well-recognized component in athletic performance and injury prevention. This study aimed to report about the current evidence for the impact of core stability on upper extremity function in racket sports. A structured literature search was conducted in various electronic database including PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, Directory of Research Journals Indexing, Google Scholar, and Embase till April 2019 for this narrative review. We selected studies related to racket sports that measure core stability and upper extremity function published in peer-reviewed journal. A total of 17 studies were shortlisted; however, following the application of exclusion and inclusion criteria, finally five were reviewed. Majority of the studies reported that core stability exercise can enhance upper extremity performance in racket sports. Core stability training is very important for athletic performance enhancement, especially it gives benefits to enhance upper extremity function in racket sports. However, there is still limited evidence regarding this issue; hence, further well-designed research required in this field.
在过去的十年中，核心稳定性锻炼已经成为流行的伤害预防和提高性能。尽管缺乏文献，核心稳定性已经成为运动表现和损伤预防中公认的组成部分。本研究的目的是报告目前的证据，核心稳定性对上肢功能在球拍运动的影响。本文在PubMed、Scopus、PEDro、Directory of Research Journals Indexing、Google Scholar和Embase等多个电子数据库中进行结构化文献检索，直至2019年4月。我们选择了与球拍运动相关的研究，这些研究测量了核心稳定性和上肢功能，发表在同行评审的期刊上。共有17项研究入围;然而，根据排除和纳入标准的应用，最后对五种进行了审查。大多数研究报道，核心稳定性训练可以提高上肢在球拍运动中的表现。核心稳定性训练对提高运动成绩非常重要，特别是在球拍运动中对提高上肢功能有很大的好处。然而，关于这一问题的证据仍然有限;因此，这一领域需要进一步精心设计的研究。
{"title":"Core stability and its impact on upper extremity function in racket sports: A narrative review","authors":"Sohel Ahmed, Rahemun Akter, Avi Saraswat, Vandana Esht","doi":"10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_15_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_15_19","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, core stability exercise has become popular for injury prevention and performance enhancement. Although there is scarcity of literature, core stability has become a well-recognized component in athletic performance and injury prevention. This study aimed to report about the current evidence for the impact of core stability on upper extremity function in racket sports. A structured literature search was conducted in various electronic database including PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, Directory of Research Journals Indexing, Google Scholar, and Embase till April 2019 for this narrative review. We selected studies related to racket sports that measure core stability and upper extremity function published in peer-reviewed journal. A total of 17 studies were shortlisted; however, following the application of exclusion and inclusion criteria, finally five were reviewed. Majority of the studies reported that core stability exercise can enhance upper extremity performance in racket sports. Core stability training is very important for athletic performance enhancement, especially it gives benefits to enhance upper extremity function in racket sports. However, there is still limited evidence regarding this issue; hence, further well-designed research required in this field.","PeriodicalId":326659,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133546453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Musculoskeletal pain is a major concern in athletes, and its associated disability may contribute to a significant loss of productivity and substantial health-care expenditure. Musculoskeletal pain and disability represent a considerable health burden in the athletic world. Acute musculoskeletal pain generally lasts for a shorter time. The recurrences are frequent. Early intervention and the management of acute pain may reduce the chance of developing it into chronic. Clinical assessment comprising subjective and objective examination is essential to identify the clinical features of severe but rare causes of acute musculoskeletal pain. In most of the clinical conditions, it is difficult to determine the precise cause and management of musculoskeletal pains in the athletic population. Interventions such as manual therapy, electrotherapy modalities, exercises, and active lifestyle maintenance are found to be effective in the management of acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain.
{"title":"Musculoskeletal pain in athletes: A narrative review","authors":"M. Alshahrani","doi":"10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_17_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_17_19","url":null,"abstract":"Musculoskeletal pain is a major concern in athletes, and its associated disability may contribute to a significant loss of productivity and substantial health-care expenditure. Musculoskeletal pain and disability represent a considerable health burden in the athletic world. Acute musculoskeletal pain generally lasts for a shorter time. The recurrences are frequent. Early intervention and the management of acute pain may reduce the chance of developing it into chronic. Clinical assessment comprising subjective and objective examination is essential to identify the clinical features of severe but rare causes of acute musculoskeletal pain. In most of the clinical conditions, it is difficult to determine the precise cause and management of musculoskeletal pains in the athletic population. Interventions such as manual therapy, electrotherapy modalities, exercises, and active lifestyle maintenance are found to be effective in the management of acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain.","PeriodicalId":326659,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121449047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comments on reliability and validity of X-ray findings in cervical dysfunction: A brief review","authors":"F. Kashoo, Mazen Alqahtani","doi":"10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_6_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_6_19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":326659,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115456263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The effects of sports activities on educational life of students in the Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey, was aimed in this study. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire that contains 16 questions was applied to totally 100 dental students (Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey) who were joined the sports activities. The questions were included in age, sex, student type, ports-related interests, part-time work (number of hours per week), leisure activities, and Likert scale questions about to focused on investigating stress levels. The data were analyzed with descriptive, crosstabs, Chi-square, and independent sample t-tests and Spearman's correlation test. Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant association between any of the variables and stress levels (P > 0.05). However, the mean values and distributions of the variables vary and give numerical results. Conclusion: Although sporting activities do not adversely affect students' lessons, they help to reduce stress levels.
{"title":"Investigation of the effects of sporting activities on educational life of students in the Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey","authors":"A. Ozdogan, Ozge Sancaktar","doi":"10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_8_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_8_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The effects of sports activities on educational life of students in the Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey, was aimed in this study. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire that contains 16 questions was applied to totally 100 dental students (Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey) who were joined the sports activities. The questions were included in age, sex, student type, ports-related interests, part-time work (number of hours per week), leisure activities, and Likert scale questions about to focused on investigating stress levels. The data were analyzed with descriptive, crosstabs, Chi-square, and independent sample t-tests and Spearman's correlation test. Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant association between any of the variables and stress levels (P > 0.05). However, the mean values and distributions of the variables vary and give numerical results. Conclusion: Although sporting activities do not adversely affect students' lessons, they help to reduce stress levels.","PeriodicalId":326659,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129108198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Nasikagra Drishti (ND), literally called as nose tip gazing, is one among the several practices in yoga. It comes under the Dharana division. Selective attention (SA) is an important function governed by the right frontoparietal cortex. The cancelation task requires visual selectivity as well as repetitive and coordinated motor responses. Six-letter cancelation task (SLCT) is effective in assessing functions, such as SA, visual scanning, inhibition and activation of rapid responses, and focused attention. Assessing SA among the young adults is highly helpful in evaluating their academic performance. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the immediate and later effects of ND on SA in young adults using SLCT. Subjects and Methods: Thirty young adults of both sexes with 18.9 ± 1 years of mean age volunteered for the study. The SLCT data were collected before (pre), immediately after first session of the intervention (1st post), and after the 3rd-day intervention (2nd post) of ND. Results: The Student's t-test using STATA 12.0 (College station, Texas, USA) showed a significant increase in SA scores after the ND practice. The pre and immediate post values within the group were statistically significant at P < 0.001. The pre and later post (follow-up results) values within the group are also statistically significant at P < 0.001. However, the magnitude of change was more in the later postassessment than the preassessment and the immediate postassessment. Thus, it was revealed that ND practice can increase SA and thereby improves the academic performance. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the practice of ND may enhance SA among young adults and thus may prove beneficial for their academic performance. Additional well-designed studies are needed before a strong recommendation can be made on the efficacy of ND for enhancing SA, thereby improving academic performance.
{"title":"Nasikagra Drishti to enhance the selective attention on performance of six-letter cancelation task by young adults","authors":"S. Madankumar, M. Kalpanadevi","doi":"10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_7_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_7_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nasikagra Drishti (ND), literally called as nose tip gazing, is one among the several practices in yoga. It comes under the Dharana division. Selective attention (SA) is an important function governed by the right frontoparietal cortex. The cancelation task requires visual selectivity as well as repetitive and coordinated motor responses. Six-letter cancelation task (SLCT) is effective in assessing functions, such as SA, visual scanning, inhibition and activation of rapid responses, and focused attention. Assessing SA among the young adults is highly helpful in evaluating their academic performance. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the immediate and later effects of ND on SA in young adults using SLCT. Subjects and Methods: Thirty young adults of both sexes with 18.9 ± 1 years of mean age volunteered for the study. The SLCT data were collected before (pre), immediately after first session of the intervention (1st post), and after the 3rd-day intervention (2nd post) of ND. Results: The Student's t-test using STATA 12.0 (College station, Texas, USA) showed a significant increase in SA scores after the ND practice. The pre and immediate post values within the group were statistically significant at P < 0.001. The pre and later post (follow-up results) values within the group are also statistically significant at P < 0.001. However, the magnitude of change was more in the later postassessment than the preassessment and the immediate postassessment. Thus, it was revealed that ND practice can increase SA and thereby improves the academic performance. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the practice of ND may enhance SA among young adults and thus may prove beneficial for their academic performance. Additional well-designed studies are needed before a strong recommendation can be made on the efficacy of ND for enhancing SA, thereby improving academic performance.","PeriodicalId":326659,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129471664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayan Goswami, A. Chaudhuri, Anupam Samanta, Arnab Guha, K. Nandi, Souvik Nandy
Background: Perceived stress negatively affects cardiovascular functions and body fat distribution. Aims: The aim is to study whether participants with greater central fat have altered autonomic activity in response to novel laboratory stress challenges and whether they adapt less effectively to repeated stress challenges over time. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty-four healthy adults within the age group 20–45 years were divided into eight groups consisting of 30–31 participants in each group on the basis of sex, body mass index, and waist–hip ratio (WHR). Resting pulse rate and blood pressure were measured. All participants had to go through two stress sessions. Stress sessions were arranged according to trier social stress test. Pulse, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate variability (root mean square of successive differences), and capillary blood glucose were measured on three consecutive occasions, -at rest, immediately after stress session 1 (day 1), and immediately after stress session 2 (day 2). Results: Among lean males and lean females, there was significant difference in blood glucose level between high WHR group and low WHR group after stress session 1 and after stress session 2. Among overweight participants, no significant difference in heart rate variability was observed between high WHR group and low WHR group after stress session 1 and after stress session 2. However, in lean participants, significant difference was observed between high WHR group and low WHR group after stress session 1 and after stress session 2. Significant difference in pulse rate and DBP was observed in lean participants between high- and low-WHR groups after stress session 1 and after stress session 2. Conclusions: Central fat among lean participants may be an indicator of the allostatic load which contributes to physical damage resulting from lack of adaptation to stress. Thus, lean participants with high WHR may be at higher risk of disease.
{"title":"Study of stress response to novel laboratory challenges in relation to body fat distribution in normal young adults and habituation to repeated stress challenges","authors":"Ayan Goswami, A. Chaudhuri, Anupam Samanta, Arnab Guha, K. Nandi, Souvik Nandy","doi":"10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_47_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_47_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Perceived stress negatively affects cardiovascular functions and body fat distribution. Aims: The aim is to study whether participants with greater central fat have altered autonomic activity in response to novel laboratory stress challenges and whether they adapt less effectively to repeated stress challenges over time. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty-four healthy adults within the age group 20–45 years were divided into eight groups consisting of 30–31 participants in each group on the basis of sex, body mass index, and waist–hip ratio (WHR). Resting pulse rate and blood pressure were measured. All participants had to go through two stress sessions. Stress sessions were arranged according to trier social stress test. Pulse, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate variability (root mean square of successive differences), and capillary blood glucose were measured on three consecutive occasions, -at rest, immediately after stress session 1 (day 1), and immediately after stress session 2 (day 2). Results: Among lean males and lean females, there was significant difference in blood glucose level between high WHR group and low WHR group after stress session 1 and after stress session 2. Among overweight participants, no significant difference in heart rate variability was observed between high WHR group and low WHR group after stress session 1 and after stress session 2. However, in lean participants, significant difference was observed between high WHR group and low WHR group after stress session 1 and after stress session 2. Significant difference in pulse rate and DBP was observed in lean participants between high- and low-WHR groups after stress session 1 and after stress session 2. Conclusions: Central fat among lean participants may be an indicator of the allostatic load which contributes to physical damage resulting from lack of adaptation to stress. Thus, lean participants with high WHR may be at higher risk of disease.","PeriodicalId":326659,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127516927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. It is characterized by pain in the heel, especially with the first walking in the morning or after a long period of rest. Cryotherapy was the common treatment method used for soft tissue injuries. There is poor literature on the application of cryotherapy on plantar fasciitis. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to identify the effect of cryotherapy along with dynamic stretching on pain and foot function in plantar fasciitis individuals. Study Design: This was a quasi-experimental study involving 34 ramblers; all were selected based on the selection criteria. Methodology: The study was conducted for 8 weeks. Participants were divided into two groups. Experimental group underwent cryotherapy for 20 min followed by dynamic stretching to the calf muscles and the plantar fascia for 15 min. Control group received dynamic stretching for 15 min. Outcome variables in the study are pain and foot function. Pain was measured by numerical pain rating scale and foot function by foot function index. Statistical Analysis: Student's t-test was used to analyze the data collected during the study. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 was used with P < 0.05. Results: Result of the study shows that pain was 7.72 ± 0.689 with P ≤ 0.05 and the foot function index was 10.6 ± 3.85. Conclusion: This study concluded that there was a significant improvement in group who underwent cryotherapy and dynamic stretching.
背景:足底筋膜炎是引起足跟疼痛最常见的原因。它的特点是脚后跟疼痛，特别是在早上第一次走路或长时间休息后。冷冻治疗是软组织损伤的常用治疗方法。关于冷冻治疗足底筋膜炎的应用文献很少。研究目的:该研究的目的是确定冷冻疗法和动态拉伸对足底筋膜炎患者疼痛和足功能的影响。研究设计:这是一项涉及34名漫步者的准实验研究;所有人都是根据选择标准选出的。方法:研究为期8周。参与者被分成两组。实验组冷冻治疗20分钟，然后动态拉伸小腿肌肉和足底筋膜15分钟。对照组动态拉伸15分钟。研究结果变量为疼痛和足部功能。采用数值疼痛评定量表测量疼痛，采用足功能指数测量足功能。统计分析:采用学生t检验对研究中收集的数据进行分析。采用Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0, P < 0.05。结果:研究结果显示，疼痛指数为7.72±0.689 (P≤0.05)，足部功能指数为10.6±3.85。结论:采用冷冻治疗和动态拉伸治疗的患者有明显的改善。
{"title":"Effect of cryostretch on plantar fasciitis in ramblers","authors":"A. Balasubramaniam, R. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_5_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_5_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. It is characterized by pain in the heel, especially with the first walking in the morning or after a long period of rest. Cryotherapy was the common treatment method used for soft tissue injuries. There is poor literature on the application of cryotherapy on plantar fasciitis. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to identify the effect of cryotherapy along with dynamic stretching on pain and foot function in plantar fasciitis individuals. Study Design: This was a quasi-experimental study involving 34 ramblers; all were selected based on the selection criteria. Methodology: The study was conducted for 8 weeks. Participants were divided into two groups. Experimental group underwent cryotherapy for 20 min followed by dynamic stretching to the calf muscles and the plantar fascia for 15 min. Control group received dynamic stretching for 15 min. Outcome variables in the study are pain and foot function. Pain was measured by numerical pain rating scale and foot function by foot function index. Statistical Analysis: Student's t-test was used to analyze the data collected during the study. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 was used with P < 0.05. Results: Result of the study shows that pain was 7.72 ± 0.689 with P ≤ 0.05 and the foot function index was 10.6 ± 3.85. Conclusion: This study concluded that there was a significant improvement in group who underwent cryotherapy and dynamic stretching.","PeriodicalId":326659,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114309666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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